Signal modulation method, communication device, and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a signal modulation method, a communication device and a storage medium. The method comprises: modulating M+2 bit information according to a first constellation model or modulating M+3 bit information according to a second constellation model to obtain modulation symbols, wherein the first constellation model contains 4*N constellation points, and the second constellation model contains 8*N constellation points. That is to say, a plurality of modulation symbols obtained through the first constellation model or the second constellation model can form a constellation with a simple geometric shape, so that after the modulation symbols are disturbed by a channel, the constellation still presents a simple geometric shape pattern, the distortion interference resistance during transmission is high, and compensation can be performed only through the shape characteristics of the constellation, so that the pilot overhead does not need to be increased to restore the demodulation performance, the high frequency spectrum efficiency is ensured, and therefore, the demodulation performance of the receiving side can be improved under the condition of ensuring the high frequency spectrum efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The embodiment of the present application relates to, but is not limited to, the technical field of communication, in particular to a signal modulation method, a communication device and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to the rapid development of wireless communication technology, in mobile network applications, the demand for traffic volume, the number of terminals and the types of terminals all show an explosive growth trend, therefore, it is necessary to improve the spectrum efficiency to solve the contradiction between the increasing demand for wireless communication and the limited spectrum resources, and using high-order modulation to improve the spectrum efficiency is a common means. In the related art, high-order modulation usually adopts pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying modulation (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), but in the information transmission process, the modulated transmission symbol will be distorted due to channel interference, which reduces the demodulation performance of the receiving side, therefore, the receiving side relies heavily on pilots to compensate for the distorted transmission symbol, but this will cause the pilot overhead to be too large and reduce the transmission spectrum efficiency. Therefore, how to improve the demodulation performance of the receiving side is a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0003] The embodiment of the present application provides a signal modulation method, a communication device and a storage medium, which can improve the demodulation performance of the receiving side and reduce the pilot overhead.

[0004] In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a signal modulation method, comprising:

[0005] modulating M+2 bits of information according to a first constellation model, or modulating M+3 bits of information according to a second constellation model, to obtain a modulation symbol, wherein the first constellation model contains 4*N constellation points, the second constellation model contains 8*N constellation points, M is an integer greater than 1, N and M satisfy the formula N=2 M ;

[0006] The complex form corresponding to the 4*N constellation points in the first constellation model comprises the following:

[0007] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0008] b1e j(θ+π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b Ne j(θ+π / 2) ,

[0009] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0010] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0011] The complex form corresponding to the 8*N constellation points in the second constellation model comprises the following:

[0012] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0013]

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] Wherein, π is a circular constant; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is a natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2, …, a N , b1, b2, …, b N are all positive numbers, and satisfy: 0 < a1 < a2 < … < a N , 0 < b1 < b2 < … < b N .

[0021] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a communication device, comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory, the memory being configured to store at least one program; when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the signal modulation method described above is implemented.

[0022] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer readable storage medium, which stores computer executable instructions for performing the signal modulation method as described above.

[0023] The embodiments of the present application comprise: modulating M+2 bits of information according to a first constellation model, or modulating M+3 bits of information according to a second constellation model, to obtain modulation symbols, wherein the first constellation model contains 4*N constellation points, the second constellation model contains 8*N constellation points, M is an integer greater than 1, N and M satisfy the formula N=2 M ;

[0024] The complex form corresponding to the 4*N constellation points in the first constellation model comprises the following:

[0025] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0026] b1e j(θ+π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+π / 2) ,

[0027] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0028] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0029] The complex form corresponding to the 8*N constellation points in the second constellation model comprises the following:

[0030] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0031]

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0035]

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] wherein, π is a constant of the circle; j is a virtual number; the value of j is equal to e is a natural logarithm θ is a real number; a1, a2, …, a N , b1, b2, …, b N are all positive numbers, and satisfy: 0 < a1 < a2 < … < a N , 0 < b1 < b2 < … < b N That is to say, multiple bit information can be modulated into a modulation symbol through the first constellation model or the second constellation model, and multiple modulation symbols obtained through the first constellation model or the second constellation model can form a constellation with a simple geometric shape, so that after the modulation symbol is interfered by a channel, the constellation still presents a simple geometric shape, and the distortion interference in the transmission process is high in resistance, and can be compensated only through the shape characteristics of the constellation, so that it is not necessary to increase the pilot overhead to restore the demodulation performance, and high frequency spectrum efficiency is ensured. Therefore, the embodiment of the application can improve the demodulation performance of the receiving side while ensuring high frequency spectrum efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a constellation corresponding to a 64QAM modulation symbol provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a flowchart of an information modulation method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a first constellation model provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation before and after channel rotation and scaling provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of partitioning in a two-dimensional plane coordinate system provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0044] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of partitioning of a cross-shaped constellation in a two-dimensional plane coordinate system provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0045] Figure 7is a schematic diagram of a second constellation model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a second constellation model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0053] It is worth noting that although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in an order different from that in the flowchart. In the description of the specification and claims and the above drawings, the meaning of multiple (or multiple) is more than two, greater than, less than, more than, etc. is understood as not including the number, above, below, within, etc. is understood as including the number. If it is described as "first", "second", etc. is only used to distinguish technical features for the purpose, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0054] The present application provides a signal modulation method, a communication device and a storage medium. According to a first constellation model, M+2 bits of information are modulated, or according to a second constellation model, M+3 bits of information are modulated, to obtain a modulation symbol, wherein the first constellation model contains 4*N constellation points, the second constellation model contains 8*N constellation points, M is an integer greater than 1, N and M satisfy the formula N=2 M ;

[0055] The complex form corresponding to the 4*N constellation points in the first constellation model includes the following:

[0056] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0057] b1e j(θ+π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+π / 2) ,

[0058] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0059] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0060] The complex form corresponding to the 8*N constellation points in the second constellation model comprises the following:

[0061] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0062]

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0066]

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] wherein π is a circular constant; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is a natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2, …, a N , b1, b2, …, b N are positive numbers, and satisfy: 0 < a1 < a2 < … < a N , 0 < b1 < b2 < … < bN That is, multiple bit information can be modulated to form a modulation symbol by the first constellation model or the second constellation model, and multiple modulation symbols obtained by the first constellation model or the second constellation model can form a constellation with a simple geometric shape, which is still a simple geometric shape pattern after the modulation symbol is subjected to channel interference and rotation and scaling, and the constellation subjected to interference has high resistance to distortion interference in the transmission process, and can be compensated only by the shape characteristics of the constellation, so that the demodulation performance is recovered without increasing the pilot overhead to ensure high frequency spectrum efficiency. Therefore, the embodiment of the application can improve the demodulation performance of the receiving side while ensuring high frequency spectrum efficiency.

[0070] The embodiments of the application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] In the application scenario requiring high spectrum efficiency, the spectrum efficiency can be improved by increasing the order of the modulation mode. In the related art, the commonly used high-order modulation mode is quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), for example, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, etc. The constellation points in the constellation diagram are uniformly distributed in a two-dimensional plane (i.e. complex plane), so the two-dimensional signal space (i.e. two-dimensional signal plane) of the complex signal can be fully utilized. The communication signal can be represented by a complex number in the baseband, that is, the communication signal can be divided into I channel signal and Q channel signal, wherein the I channel signal is the real part and the Q channel signal is the imaginary part. Therefore, the modulation symbol can also be represented by a complex number, that is, a modulation symbol can be represented by a complex number, for example, the modulation symbol s can be represented as a+j*b, wherein j is an imaginary number, that is, j=sqrt(-1); a is the real part of s, representing the modulation symbol in the I channel transmission, and b is the imaginary part of s, representing the modulation symbol in the Q channel transmission.

[0072] In this embodiment, for 16QAM in the related art, the constellation diagram contains 16 points, and the complex numbers corresponding to the 16 points include the following:

[0073] 3+3j, 3+j, 3-j, 3-3j,

[0074] 1+3j, 1+j, 1-j, 1-3j,

[0075] -1+3j, -1+j, -1-j, -1-3j,

[0076] -3+3j, -3+j, -3-j, -3-3j

[0077] It can be seen that the constellation points of 16QAM are uniformly distributed in a two-dimensional plane (also can be called as a complex plane, or a complex signal space, or a two-dimensional signal space) with the real part ranging from -3 to 3 and the imaginary part ranging from -3 to 3. It can be understood that the complex plane and the two-dimensional plane are equivalent, so the complex plane or the two-dimensional plane can also be called as a two-dimensional complex plane, in which the real part of a complex number is equivalent to the x coordinate of the two-dimensional plane, and the imaginary part of the complex number is equivalent to the y coordinate of the two-dimensional plane. Therefore, the 16 points in the 16QAM constellation diagram can be represented by 16 two-dimensional coordinates on the two-dimensional plane in addition to 16 complex numbers, in which the 16 two-dimensional coordinates include the following:

[0078] (3, 3), (3, 1), (3, -1), (3, -3),

[0079] (1, 3), (1, 1), (1, -1), (1, -3),

[0080] (-1, 3), (-1, 1), (-1, -1), (-1, -3),

[0081] (-3, 3), (-3, 1), (-3, -1), (-3, -3)

[0082] In this embodiment, in the case that the overall power normalization processing is required for the constellation diagram, the constellation diagram can be multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor) as a whole, for example, the 16 complex numbers of 16QAM are all multiplied by the same normalization factor 1 / sqrt(40), and the 16 complex numbers corresponding to the 16 points in the 16QAM constellation diagram after the power normalization processing include the following:

[0083] 1 / sqrt(40)*3+3j, 3+j, 3-j, 3-3j, 1+3j, 1+j, 1-j, 1-3j, -1+3j, -1+j, -1-j, -1-3j, -3+3j, -3+j, -3-j, -3-3j]

[0084] The coordinates corresponding to the 16 points in the 16QAM constellation diagram after the power normalization processing can be obtained by multiplying the 16 two-dimensional coordinates listed above by 1 / sqrt(40), that is, multiplying the x coordinate and the y coordinate of each two-dimensional coordinate by 1 / sqrt(40).

[0085] It is worth noting that the power normalization only makes the constellation diagram as a whole smaller, and the constellation points in the reduced constellation diagram are still uniformly distributed.

[0086] For other high-order modulation modes, such as 32QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, and the like, the constellation points of the constellation diagrams are uniformly distributed on a two-dimensional plane, and therefore, the high-order modulation modes in the related art can fully utilize the two-dimensional signal space of complex signals, and the demodulation modes corresponding to these high-order modulation modes are not only simple, but also can guarantee performance, and therefore, these high-order modulation modes can approach the performance limit of transmission, i.e., the Shannon limit, in a relatively simple and efficient manner. Therefore, in scenarios with certain demand for high spectral efficiency, these high-order modulation modes can be widely applied. However, these high-order modulation modes need to be used in the case where channel estimation is relatively accurate, and if the channel estimation error is large, the constellation diagram will be distorted, i.e., rotated and scaled, during demodulation, i.e., during the information transmission process, and the decision region on which the receiving end demodulates the received transmission symbols is a uniform ring or sector, and the real distribution of the points corresponding to the received symbols does not match, and at this time, the demodulation performance will greatly decrease, resulting in a high bit error rate and low data transmission accuracy.

[0087] Specifically, taking the transmission of modulation symbols in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) manner (i.e., the transmission of modulation symbols by using the subcarriers of OFDM) as an example, after passing through a multipath channel or a frequency-selective channel, the modulation symbols carried on the subcarriers of OFDM will be weighted by a complex weight value, i.e., the modulation symbols carried on the subcarriers will be distorted by the frequency-selective channel; or if there is a synchronization error between the transmitter and the receiver, the timing deviation (i.e., time offset) and the frequency deviation (i.e., frequency offset) will also cause the modulation symbols on the subcarriers to be weighted by a complex weight value, i.e., the modulation symbols will be distorted by the synchronization error. In a high-speed mobile scenario or a satellite communication scenario, the Doppler effect will also cause the modulation symbols on the subcarriers to be weighted by a complex weight value, i.e., the modulation symbols will be distorted by the synchronization error.

[0088] In addition, taking the transmission of modulation symbols in a single-carrier manner as an example, i.e., the transmission of modulation symbols directly through time-domain symbols, in this scenario, if there is a frequency offset or phase noise (i.e., phase noise) between the transmitter and the receiver, the modulation symbols will also be weighted by a complex weight value, i.e., the modulation symbols will be distorted due to the frequency offset or the phase noise.

[0089] Furthermore, the distortions experienced by the modulation symbols will be superimposed. Taking the modulation symbol s transmitted via OFDM as an example, assuming that the frequency-selective channel results in a complex weight of g1 on the modulation symbol s, and the time-frequency or frequency offset results in a complex weight of g2 on the modulation symbol s. If both the frequency-selective channel and the synchronization error exist simultaneously, the total distortion experienced by the modulation symbol s can be represented by a complex weighting value h, where h = g1 * g2. That is, the received modulation symbol is y = h * s + n = g1 * g2 * s + n, where n is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). If the receiver cannot remove the distortions on the modulation symbol, that is, cannot equalize the complex weight h on the modulation symbol, then the modulation symbol will be rotated and scaled. The higher-order modulation symbols that have undergone subtle rotation and scaling will also severely limit the performance of the modulation method, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the figure, each small dot corresponds to a modulation symbol, where Figure 1 (a) is the constellation diagram corresponding to the standard 64QAM modulation symbols; while Figure 1 (b) is the constellation diagram of the 64QAM modulation symbols after weighting by a weighting value (i.e., a rotation and scaling factor), which is also the constellation diagram of the 64QAM modulation symbols after channel distortion. If the receiver directly... Figure 1 (b) Demodulation of such a constellation diagram will affect demodulation performance even if the AWGN on the receiving side is small. Therefore, in traditional high spectral efficiency scenarios, pilot signals (or reference signals) are usually used to estimate the complex weights (i.e., distortion) of the modulation symbols. That is, h in the received modulation symbols y = h * s = g1 * g2 * s + n is estimated, and then the complex weights are evenly removed, that is, y is divided by h, i.e., y / h = s + n / h, to obtain a constellation diagram s + n′ without distortion and only affected by the AWGN, thereby obtaining better demodulation performance, where n′ = n / h.

[0090] However, there are still some scenarios where it is difficult to accurately estimate the complex weights (i.e., distortion) on the modulation symbols using pilot signals. For example, in connectionless or scheduling-free transmission scenarios, since pilot signals or reference signals are selected and set according to terminal requirements, different terminals may choose the same pilot signal or the same reference signal, resulting in pilot collisions or reference signal collisions. Under high overload conditions, i.e., when the number of terminals is large, the probability of pilot collisions or reference signal collisions is high. Once pilot collisions or reference signal collisions occur, the receiving side, such as the base station or receiver, will find it difficult to accurately estimate the complex weights (i.e., distortion) on the modulation symbols using pilot signals or reference signals.

[0091] In addition, in a large synchronization error scenario, a high-speed moving scenario, a satellite communication scenario, or a large phase noise scenario, the rotation and scaling amount of the modulation symbol changes rapidly, and a pilot with a very short time interval is required to estimate the rotation and scaling amount of the modulation symbol between pilots, and the estimation accuracy is limited, and meanwhile, the pilot overhead is too large, resulting in a reduced transmission spectrum efficiency. On the other hand, if the density of the pilot in time is insufficient, it is difficult to accurately estimate the rotation and scaling amount of the modulation symbol, that is, the demodulation performance is impaired.

[0092] In a scenario where pilot channel estimation is limited, for example, a connectionless output transmission scenario, a large synchronization error scenario, a high-speed moving scenario, a satellite communication scenario, or a large phase noise scenario, the receiving side extracts channel information from the modulation symbol, which can improve the data transmission performance. However, the constellation diagram of the traditional high-order modulation mode is too dense, which is not conducive to the receiving side to extract channel information from the modulation symbol. Therefore, the present application provides a signal modulation method, which makes the modulation symbol robust to distortion interference in the transmission process, and in the case of high distortion degree of the modulation symbol, the shape characteristics of the modulation constellation diagram itself can be used for compensation, so that the demodulation performance can be recovered without increasing the pilot overhead, and the high frequency spectrum efficiency is ensured. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can support high spectrum efficiency application scenarios, and the receiving side can more easily and accurately extract channel information from the modulation symbol.

[0093] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a flowchart of a signal modulation method provided by an embodiment of the present application, which can include but is not limited to step S110.

[0094] Step S110: modulating M+2 bits of information according to a first constellation diagram model, or modulating M+3 bits of information according to a second constellation diagram model to obtain a modulation symbol.

[0095] In a feasible implementation, M+2 bits of information are modulated according to a first constellation diagram model, or M+3 bits of information are modulated according to a second constellation diagram model to obtain a modulation symbol, wherein the first constellation diagram model contains 4*N constellation points, the second constellation diagram model contains 8*N constellation points, M is an integer greater than 1, and N and M satisfy the formula N=2 M ;

[0096] The complex form corresponding to the 4*N constellation points in the first constellation diagram model includes the following:

[0097] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0098] b1e j(θ+π / 2) b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+π / 2) ,

[0099] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0100] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0101] The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N constellation points in the second constellation diagram model include the following:

[0102] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N e jθ ,

[0103]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N e j(θ+π) ,

[0107]

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] Where π is the mathematical constant pi; j is the imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2, ..., a N b1, b2, ..., b n All are positive numbers, and satisfy: 0 <a1<a2<…<a N 0 <b1<b2<…<b N .

[0111] In the embodiment, by using the information modulation method including the step S110, the modulation symbol can be obtained by modulating the plurality of bit information in the information packet according to the first constellation model or the second constellation model, that is, the modulation symbol can carry the plurality of bit information, so as to realize high-order modulation, and the modulation symbol modulated according to the first constellation model or the second constellation model can improve the robustness to distortion interference in the transmission process, and in the case that the distortion degree of the modulation symbol is high, the shape characteristics of the modulation constellation can be used for compensation, so that the pilot overhead does not need to be increased to restore the demodulation performance, and the high frequency spectrum efficiency is ensured. Therefore, the embodiment of the application can support the high spectrum efficiency application scene, and the receiving side can more easily and accurately extract the channel information through the modulation symbol.

[0112] In an embodiment, a1, a2, …, a N may be represented by formula (1), that is,

[0113] a n = (2n-1+Δ)d; (1)

[0114] b1, b2, …, b N may be represented by formula (2):

[0115] b n = a n +β; (2)

[0116] It can be understood that the value of n includes 1, 2, …, N, that is, a n may be represented as a1, a2, …, a N , b n may also be represented as b1, b2, …, b N , that is, a n is represented as a1, a2, …, a N , and a n may be a1, a2, or a3, etc. Similarly, b n is represented as b1, b2, …, b N , that is, b n may be b1, b2, or b3, etc.

[0117] In formula (1) and formula (2), d is a positive real number, Δ and β are both real numbers greater than or equal to 0, so that a1, a2, …, a N constitute an arithmetic sequence, and b1, b2, …, b N constitute an arithmetic sequence.

[0118] In an embodiment, the value of Δ can be represented by formula (3), that is,

[0119]

[0120] One feasible implementation method is that when d is 1, it can make a n satisfy Alternatively, when d takes the value of 1 / 2, it is possible to make a n satisfy This application does not impose specific restrictions on the value of d.

[0121] One feasible implementation is that when Δ is 1 and d is 1 / 2, a can be made to... n Satisfy a n =n.

[0122] One feasible implementation is that when Δ is 3 and d is 1 / 2, a can be made to... n Satisfy a n = n+1.

[0123] One feasible implementation is that when Δ is 0 and d is 1, a can be made to... n Satisfy a n =2n-1.

[0124] One feasible implementation is that β equals 0.

[0125] One feasible implementation is that when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation diagram model, β is greater than 0.

[0126] In one feasible implementation, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the first constellation diagram model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram model equal to 1. It can be understood that the value of d makes the average power of the modulation symbol obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram model equal to 1, that is, the value of d makes the mean of the squares of the magnitudes of the constellation points in the first constellation diagram model 1, or the value of d makes the average power of the first constellation diagram model 1. No specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0127] In one feasible implementation, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol obtained by modulation using the second constellation model equal to 1. It can be understood that the value of d makes the average power of the modulation symbol obtained by modulation using the second constellation model equal to 1, that is, the value of d makes the mean of the squared magnitudes of the constellation points in the second constellation model 1, or the value of d makes the average power of the second constellation model 1. No specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0128] In an embodiment, θ is 0; or, θ is π / 4, i.e., θ = π / 4; or, θ is π / 8, i.e., θ = π / 8, which are not limited herein.

[0129] In an embodiment, M is an integer greater than 1, and N and M satisfy the formula N = 2 M The embodiments of the present application do not limit the value of M.

[0130] When M is 2, the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating 4 (i.e., M + 2 = 4) bits of information according to the first constellation model, and N = 2 M It can be seen that when M = 2, N = 4, i.e., the first constellation model contains 16 (i.e., 4 * N = 16) constellation points; or, the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating 5 (i.e., M + 3 = 5) bits of information according to the second constellation model, and the second constellation model contains 32 (i.e., 8 * N = 32) constellation points.

[0131] When M is 3, the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating 5 (i.e., M + 2 = 5) bits of information according to the first constellation model, and N = 2 M It can be seen that when M = 3, N = 8, i.e., the first constellation model contains 32 (i.e., 4 * N = 32) constellation points; or, the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating 6 (i.e., M + 3 = 6) bits of information according to the second constellation model, and the second constellation model contains 64 (i.e., 8 * N = 64) constellation points.

[0132] It can be understood that each modulation symbol (i.e., each constellation point) can carry multiple bits of information, thereby achieving the effect of high-order modulation and being conducive to achieving high spectral efficiency.

[0133] As shown in Figure 3 , the first constellation model is a cross constellation, and the second constellation model is a cross constellation. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first constellation model provided by an embodiment of the present application, and in an embodiment, the first constellation model can be a cross constellation corresponding to the left diagram or a cross constellation corresponding to the right diagram in Figure 3 , wherein the cross constellation is a constellation with half the number of constellation points on one straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin), and the other half of the number of constellation points on another straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin), and the two straight lines are perpendicular to each other. The cross constellation has the advantages of high spectral efficiency and simple geometric shape. Specifically, Figure 3 The cross constellation shown in Figure 3The constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram on the left are distributed along the x-axis (i.e., path I) and the y-axis (i.e., path Q); Figure 3 The constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram on the right are distributed on the straight line at a 45° angle passing through the origin and on the straight line at a 135° angle passing through the origin. Figure 3 The cross-shaped constellation diagram shown on the right can be viewed through... Figure 3 The cross-shaped constellation diagram shown on the left is formed by rotating it 45°. In fact, as... Figure 3 The constellation diagram model shown on the left corresponds to the first constellation diagram model where θ is 0; while... Figure 3 The constellation model shown on the right corresponds to the first constellation model where θ is π / 4. It can be understood that the first constellation model can also be other than... Figure 3 Other cross-shaped constellation diagrams besides those shown in the left and right diagrams in this application are not specifically limited in the form of the first constellation diagram model.

[0134] In detail, each modulation symbol (i.e., each constellation point) can carry multiple bits of information, which means that higher-order modulation can be achieved, thereby achieving high spectral efficiency. In one embodiment, each modulation symbol can carry 4 bits of information, that is, 4 bits of information are mapped (i.e., modulated) into one modulation symbol; in another embodiment, each modulation symbol can carry 5 bits, that is, 5 bits of information are mapped (i.e., modulated) into one modulation symbol.

[0135] Understandably, the cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation symbol has the advantage of a simple geometric shape. Even if the modulation symbol received by the receiver is rotated and scaled by the channel, the constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation symbol is still just a rotated and scaled cross-shaped constellation diagram, and the resulting geometric shape is still relatively simple.

[0136] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped constellation before and after channel rotation and scaling, in which... Figure 4 The diagram on the left is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped constellation corresponding to the transmitted modulation symbol s (i.e., the modulation symbol s without channel rotation and scaling). Figure 4 The middle diagram is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the modulated symbol h*s (i.e., h multiplied by s, which can also be expressed as h·s or hs) received by the receiving side after rotation and scaling, where the complex number h is the rotation and scaling amount.

[0137] It is worth noting that, Figure 4 The middle diagram is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped constellation corresponding to the received modulation symbols without AWGN (i.e., the modulation symbols received by the receiver after rotation and scaling). Figure 4The diagram on the right is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation corresponding to the received modulation symbols (y = h*s + n) of an AWGN. It can be understood that... Figure 4 The constellation chart shown on the right can be viewed through... Figure 4 The constellation points in the constellation diagram shown in the middle are formed by adding the complex number corresponding to AWGN. That is, the constellation point corresponding to the received modulation symbol (h*s+n) with AWGN will be... Figure 4 The constellation points (h*s) in the middle diagram are distributed around the AWGN probability density. Figure 4 In the constellation diagram on the right, the color of the constellation points changes from dark to light from the center to the edge. These constellation points are a set of points formed by the influence of AWGN on the corresponding modulation symbols. Figure 4 The constellation diagram on the right also shows that even with AWGN, the general shape of the cross-shaped constellation corresponding to the received modulation symbols remains cross-shaped. Therefore, the receiving side can utilize, for example... Figure 5 The geometry of the cross-shaped constellation diagram shown on the right is used to estimate the amount of rotation and scaling that the constellation diagram is subjected to, that is, to estimate h.

[0138] The following is a detailed description of a method for estimating rotation and scaling:

[0139] like Figure 5 As shown, firstly, the two-dimensional plane (i.e., the two-dimensional signal plane) is divided into four partitions. Two typical methods can be used for partitioning. Specifically, as... Figure 5 The diagram on the left shows that in the first partitioning method, the four quadrants are divided into four partitions, that is, the x-axis and y-axis are used as partition lines. Partition 1 is filled with diagonal lines, partition 2 with fine dots, partition 3 with vertical lines, and partition 4 with brick-shaped fillers. Figure 5 The diagram on the right illustrates that the four partitions in the second partitioning method are formed by rotating the four partitions in the first method by 45°. Specifically, partition 1 is the area bounded by rays from the origin at 45° to 135°, filled with diagonal lines; partition 2 is the area bounded by rays from the origin at 135° to 225°, filled with fine dots; partition 3 is the area bounded by rays from the origin at 225° to 315°, filled with vertical lines; and partition 4 is the area bounded by rays from the origin at 315° to 45°, filled with brick-like shapes. (The diagram continues with further details about partitioning methods.) Figures 3 to 6The two partitioning methods shown can determine the partition to which a constellation point belongs simply by performing some simple addition and subtraction on the constellation point's coordinates, without requiring complex multiplication operations. Therefore, the determination method is simple. Besides the two partitioning methods mentioned above, other partitioning methods can also be chosen to divide the two-dimensional plane into four partitions; this application does not impose specific limitations.

[0140] like Figure 6 As shown, after dividing the two-dimensional signal plane into four partitions on the receiving side, the constellation points (i.e., the modulation symbols corresponding to each constellation point) in each partition are added together and then divided by the number of constellation points (i.e., the number of modulation symbols) in that partition. Then, a coordinate can be calculated, which is the center of the constellation points in that partition. Figure 4 The cross-shaped constellation diagram shown in the middle is... Figure 5 The diagram on the left shows a constellation formed by rotating and scaling the cross-shaped constellation diagram.

[0141] For example Figure 6 Taking the partitioning shown in the left-hand diagram as an example, after partitioning, all constellation points are divided into 4 parts, as follows: Figure 6 The middle and right diagrams show the constellation points in partition 1. Adding up the sum of the constellation points in partition 1 and then dividing by the total number of constellation points in that partition yields the constellation center c1 of partition 1. Figure 6 The diagram on the right shows the location of the triangle; similarly, by adding up the constellation points in partition 2 and dividing by the total number of constellation points in that partition, we can obtain the center c2 of the constellation points in partition 2, i.e. Figure 6 The quadrilateral shown on the right is positioned as follows: Add up the constellation points in partition 3, then divide by the total number of constellation points in that partition to obtain the center c3 of the constellation points in partition 3. Figure 6 The diagram on the right shows the location of the pentagram; by adding up the constellation points in partition 4 and dividing by the total number of constellation points in that partition, we can obtain the center of the constellation points in partition 4, c4. Figure 5 The location of the hexagon shown on the right.

[0142] like Figure 6 and Figure 6 As shown, the rotation and scaling of the entire constellation map can be obtained based on the center points of all the constellation points in each partition. Specifically, using... Figure 5As shown in one partition method, assuming that the calculated four partition constellation point centers are c1, c2, c3 and c4, c2' is obtained by rotating the constellation point center c2 of partition 2 clockwise by 90°, i.e., c2' = c2*(-j); c3' is obtained by rotating the constellation point center c3 of partition 3 clockwise by 180°, i.e., c3' = -c3; c4' is obtained by rotating the constellation point center c4 of partition 4 counterclockwise by 90°, i.e., c4' = c4*j; then the rotation and scaling amount c of the entire constellation diagram can be estimated according to c1, c2', c3' and c4', wherein the rotation and scaling amount c can be represented by the following formula (4):

[0143] c = (c1 + c2' + c3' + c4') / 4 (4)

[0144] In the presence of AWGN, especially in the case that some modulation symbols are subjected to a larger AWGN, the handoff phenomenon may occur for some modulation symbols. In order to more accurately estimate the rotation and scaling amount, two partition methods as shown in Figure 7 are usually used, two rotation and scaling amounts of the constellation diagram are calculated according to the above estimation method for the two partition methods, and then the modulus of the larger one of the two rotation and scaling amounts is taken as the rotation and scaling amount of the constellation diagram.

[0145] As shown in Figure 7 , Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a second constellation diagram model provided by an embodiment of the present application, in an embodiment, the second constellation diagram model can be a star-shaped constellation diagram as shown in the left side of Figure 7 or a star-shaped constellation diagram as shown in the right side of Figure 7 . In fact, the constellation diagram model as shown in the left side of Figure 7 corresponds to the second constellation diagram model with θ = 0; and the constellation diagram model as shown in the right side of Figure 7 corresponds to the second constellation diagram model with θ = π / 8. The star-shaped constellation diagram as shown in the left side or the right side of Figure 4 can be obtained by superimposing two cross-shaped constellation diagrams subjected to a 45° relative rotation, therefore, the second constellation diagram model as shown in is capable of achieving a higher frequency spectrum efficiency and has the characteristics of simple geometric shape, so that the rotation and scaling amount of the constellation diagram can be extracted by a simple method.

[0146] The rotation and scaling amount of the second constellation model can be estimated by the following partition method. First, a two-dimensional plane (i.e., a two-dimensional signal plane) is divided into eight partitions. Specifically, each of the four quadrants is further divided into two partitions, wherein the partition 1 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 0° ray to the 45° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin); the partition 2 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 45° ray to the 90° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin); the partition 3 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 90° ray to the 135° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin); the partition 4 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 135° ray to the 180° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin); the partition 5 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 180° ray to the 225° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin); the partition 6 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 225° ray to the 270° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin); the partition 7 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 270° ray to the 315° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin); and the partition 8 is from the zero point (i.e., the origin) to the 315° ray to the 360° ray from the zero point (i.e., the origin).

[0147] By the above partition method, after the two-dimensional signal plane is divided into multiple partitions at the receiving side, the constellation points (i.e., the modulation symbols corresponding to each constellation point) in each partition are added up and then divided by the number of constellation points (i.e., the number of modulation symbols) in the partition, and then a coordinate can be calculated, which is the center of the constellation points in the partition. That is, the partition to which each constellation point belongs can be determined only by some simple addition and subtraction operations on the constellation point coordinates, without complex multiplication operations, thereby achieving a simple effect. In addition, the rotation and scaling amount of the constellation can be obtained by simply operating the center of each partition constellation point, that is, the rotation and scaling amount experienced by all modulation symbols.

[0148] It can be understood that the rotation and scaling amount of the modulation symbol includes a rotation amount and a scaling amount.

[0149] Therefore, the multiple modulation symbols obtained by the first constellation model or the second constellation model can form a constellation with a simple geometric shape, and after the modulation symbols are distorted by the rotation and scaling of the channel interference, the formed constellation still presents a simple geometric shape, which has high resistance to distortion interference in the transmission process. The distortion can be estimated only by the shape characteristics of the constellation, and then compensated, so that the pilot overhead does not need to be increased to restore the demodulation performance, and high frequency spectrum efficiency is ensured. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can improve the demodulation performance at the receiving side while ensuring high frequency spectrum efficiency.

[0150] The information modulation method provided in the above embodiments is described in detail below with specific examples.

[0151] Example One:

[0152] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 The cross-shaped constellation diagram can be divided into two parts, with the constellation points of each part lying on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin). For example, as shown... Figure 4 The left-hand diagram shows a cross-shaped constellation, with half of the constellation points falling on the x-axis and the other half on the y-axis. For example, Figure 4 In the cross-shaped constellation diagram shown in the middle, half of the constellation points fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle α° to the positive x-axis, while the other half fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of (α+90)° to the positive x-axis. The value of this angle α° is equal to the angle value of the complex weighted value h corresponding to channel distortion.

[0153] Specifically, if the distance between adjacent constellation points on a straight line passing through the origin is equal, and the distance between any two adjacent points is set to 2d, then among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points is only... In other words, among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points is smaller than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line. That is, the four constellation points closest to the origin are more densely distributed. Therefore, the constellation map is more susceptible to AWGN interference, which leads to a decrease in demodulation performance.

[0154] In addition, this cross-shaped constellation can be divided into four parts, for example, as shown below. Figure 5 The cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the one on the left can be followed... Figure 4 The partitioning format shown in the diagram on the right will be as follows: Figure 5 The constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram on the left are divided into four parts. The first part consists of constellation points with values ​​greater than 0 on the x-axis, that is, constellation points falling on the positive half of the x-axis. The first part corresponds to... Figure 5 Part 4 of the right-hand diagram; the constellation points in the second part are those less than 0 on the x-axis, that is, those falling on the negative half of the x-axis. The second part corresponds to... Figure 5 Part 2 of the right-hand diagram; the constellation points in the third part are those on the y-axis that are greater than 0, that is, those falling on the positive half of the y-axis. The third part corresponds to... Figure 5 Part 1 of the right-hand diagram; the constellation points in the fourth part are those points on the y-axis that are less than 0, that is, those points falling on the negative half of the y-axis. The fourth part corresponds to... Figure 8 Partition 3 in the right-hand diagram.

[0155] Further, in order to avoid the above problem (i.e. the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin is smaller than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line), a bias Δ greater than 0 can be added to the constellation points of the four parts of the cross-shaped constellation diagram, so that the minimum distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line, i.e. the constellation points of the four parts are biased away from the origin, avoiding the distribution of the four constellation points closest to the origin being too dense, thereby improving the demodulation performance. Specifically, in the case of a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, the value of Δ can be At this time, The coordinates of the four constellation points closest to the origin are Therefore, the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin is 2d, and the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is also 2d, i.e. the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line in each part. Wherein, the method of adding a bias Δ greater than 0 to the constellation points of the four parts of the cross-shaped constellation diagram will increase the average power of the cross-shaped constellation diagram.

[0156] Alternatively, the constellation points of the four parts of the cross-shaped constellation diagram can not be superimposed with a bias Δ greater than 0, i.e. the bias of the constellation points of each part of the cross-shaped constellation diagram is 0, therefore, the average power of the constellation diagram without superimposing the bias Δ is smaller than the average power of the cross-shaped constellation diagram superimposed with a bias Δ greater than 0. Specifically, in the case of a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, the value of Δ can be 0, at this time, a n =(2n-1)d, the coordinates of the four constellation points closest to the origin are (d, 0), (0, d), (-d, 0), and (0, -d), the distance between adjacent constellation points is And the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is 2d, i.e. the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin is smaller than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line in each part.

[0157] It can be understood that, in order to improve the transmission performance of the four constellation points closest to the origin in the cross-shaped constellation diagram, the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin can be increased, so that the formed cross-shaped constellation diagram expands outward, avoiding the distribution of the four constellation points closest to the origin being too dense, thereby reducing the influence of AWGN on the constellation points (i.e. modulation symbols) and improving the robustness of the cross-shaped constellation diagram.

[0158] For example, a n = nd, where d is a positive real number, such that the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin is d , and the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same line of each part is d, that is, the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin is greater than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same line of each part, that is, the four parts of the constellation points are offset in the direction away from the origin to reduce the influence of AWGN on the constellation points (i.e. modulation symbols), thereby improving the demodulation performance at the receiving side.

[0159] Since the four parts of the cross constellation diagram are offset by a positive offset Δ, the average power of the constellation diagram is larger, therefore, in some scenarios, a cross constellation diagram with an offset Δ of 0 is also used, which is not specifically limited here.

[0160] Example two:

[0161] Referring to Figure 8 , Figure 8 , a cross constellation diagram provided in example two is shown. Taking Δ as equal to , for example, in the case where M is equal to 2, that is, the first constellation model can be used to modulate four bits of information to obtain a modulation symbol. According to the relationship between the number of bits of information carried by the modulation symbol, that is, N = 2 M , N = 4 is obtained, so that the first constellation model contains 16 constellation points, therefore, as shown in the cross constellation diagram of Figure 8 , the cross constellation diagram contains 16 constellation points.

[0162] , where θ is equal to zero, that is, the rotation of the cross constellation diagram is 0, and the constellation points in the cross constellation diagram are distributed on the x-axis and the y-axis; d is equal to 1, that is, the scaling is 1. Therefore, from formula (1), that is, a n = (2n-1+ Δ) d, it is obtained that , where n can take values of 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, to obtain Since e j0 = cos 0 + jsin 0 = 1, therefore , so that a1e j0 and a2e j0 are determined, the distance between a1e j0 and a2e j0 is 2, that is, the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same line is 2.

[0163] In addition, since e j(0+π / 2) = cos(0+ π / 2) + jsin(0+ π / 2) = j, therefore, According to formula (2), that is, b n = an + β, in the case of β = 0, b n = a n , i.e. b n = a n , so that a1e j0 and b1e j(0+π / 2) are at a distance of 2, i.e. the distance between adjacent constellation points of the four constellation points closest to the origin is 2. Thus, the distance between adjacent constellation points of the four constellation points closest to the origin is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line.

[0164] Thus, in the case of Δ = 0, i.e. the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points shown in Fig. 16 are as follows: Figure 9

[0165]

[0166]

[0167]

[0168]

[0169] In addition, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points can also include the following:

[0170] (1 + Δ, 0), (3 + Δ, 0), (5 + Δ, 0), (7 + Δ, 0),

[0171] (-(1 + Δ), 0), (-(3 + Δ), 0), (-(5 + Δ), 0), (-(7 + Δ), 0),

[0172] (0, 1 + Δ), (0, 3 + Δ), (0, 5 + Δ), (0, 7 + Δ),

[0173] (0, -(1 + Δ)), (0, -(3 + Δ)), (0, -(5 + Δ)), (0, -(7 + Δ))

[0174] where Δ can be expressed by a finite decimal number, for example, which is not specifically limited here.

[0175] When power normalization of the constellation diagram is required, the constellation diagram as a whole can be multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor), i.e. each constellation point in the constellation diagram is multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor), i.e. a power-normalized constellation diagram can be obtained.

[0176] Example Three:

[0177] Reference​​Figure 9 , Figure 9 The cross-shaped constellation diagram provided for Example Three. In the case where Δ takes the value of 1 For example, in the case where M takes the value of 2, i.e. using the first constellation diagram model, 4 bits of information can be modulated to obtain a modulation symbol. According to the relationship between the number of bits of information carried by the modulation symbol, i.e. N = 2 M , a corresponding N = 4 is obtained, so the first constellation diagram model contains 16 constellation points, and thus, as shown in the cross-shaped constellation diagram, there are 16 constellation points. Figure 9

[0178] Wherein, θ takes the value of π / 4, i.e. the rotation amount of the cross-shaped constellation diagram is 45°, and the constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram are respectively distributed on the straight line in the 45° direction passing through the origin and the straight line in the 135° direction passing through the origin; d takes the value of 1, i.e. the scaling amount is 1, so from formula (1), i.e. a n = (2n-1+ Δ) d, it is obtained that

[0179] Thus, n can take the values of 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, so that Therefore, And Thus, it can be known that in the case where Δ takes the value of 1 , i.e. as shown in the 16 constellation points two-dimensional coordinates, the specific values are as follows: Figure 10

[0180]

[0181]

[0182]

[0183]

[0184] Since Thus, the distance between a1e jπ / and a2e jπ / is 2, i.e. the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is 2. In addition, since Therefore, And in the case where β takes the value of 0, according to formula (2), i.e. b n = a n + β, it can be obtained that b n = a n , i.e. b n is equal to a n , so that a1e jπ / ​​The distance of b1e j(π / 4+π / 2) is 2, that is, the distance between adjacent points of the four constellation points closest to the origin is 2. Therefore, the distance between adjacent points of the four constellation points closest to the origin is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line.

[0185] In addition, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points can also include the following:

[0186]

[0187]

[0188]

[0189]

[0190]

[0191]

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] where Δ can be expressed in a limited decimal number, for example, Here is not specifically limited.

[0195] When power normalization is required for the constellation diagram, the constellation diagram as a whole can be multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor), that is, each constellation point in the constellation diagram is multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor), that is, a power-normalized constellation diagram can be obtained.

[0196] Example four:

[0197] Referring to Figure 10 , Figure 10 The cross constellation diagram provided for example four. Taking Δ equal to 0 as an example, from formula (1), that is, a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, and d takes the value of 1, that is, the scaling amount is 1, so that a n =2n-1, where the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is 2. When M takes the value of 2, that is, the first constellation diagram model can be used to modulate 4-bit information to obtain a modulation symbol. According to the relationship between the number of bits of the modulation symbol carried, that is, N=2 M , N=4 is obtained accordingly, so that the first constellation diagram model contains 16 constellation points, where θ takes the value of zero, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation diagram is 0, and the constellation points in the cross constellation diagram are distributed on the x-axis and the y-axis, that is, e j0= cos 0 + j sin 0 = 1, e j(0+π / 2) = cos(0 + π / 2) + j sin(0 + π / 2) = j, e j(0+π) = cos(0 + π) + j sin(0 + π) = -1, e j(0+3π / 2) = cos(0 + 3π / 2) + j sin(0 + 3π / 2) = -j, therefore, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points can include the following:

[0198] (1, 0), (3, 0), (5, 0), (7, 0),

[0199] (-1, 0), (-3, 0), (-5, 0), (-7, 0),

[0200] (0, 1), (0, 3), (0, 5), (0, 7),

[0201] (0, -1), (0, -3), (0, -5), (0, -7)

[0202] Therefore, the first constellation diagram model can be a cross constellation diagram including 16 constellation points as shown in Figure 11 . When power normalization is required for the constellation diagram, the constellation diagram can be multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor) as a whole, such as 1 / sqrt(84), that is, each constellation point in the constellation diagram is multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor), that is, a power-normalized constellation diagram can be obtained.

[0203] Example Five:

[0204] Referring to Figure 11 , Figure 11 for the cross constellation diagram provided in Example Five. Taking the value of Δ equal to 0 as an example, from formula (1), that is, a n = (2n - 1 + Δ)d, and d takes the value of 1, that is, the scaling amount is 1, so that a n = 2n - 1, wherein the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is 2. When M takes the value of 2, that is, 4 bits of information can be modulated by using the first constellation diagram model to obtain a modulation symbol. According to the relationship between the number of bits of information carried by the modulation symbol, that is, N = 2 M , it is derived that N = 4, so that the first constellation diagram model contains 16 constellation points, wherein θ takes the value of π / 4, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation diagram is 45°, and the constellation points in the cross constellation diagram are respectively distributed on the straight line in the 45° direction passing through the origin and the straight line in the 135° direction passing through the origin, therefore, the first constellation diagram model can be a cross constellation diagram including 16 constellation points as shown in Figure 12 , wherein the two-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the 16 constellation points can include the following:

[0205]

[0206]

[0207]

[0208]

[0209] When power normalization is needed, the constellation diagram can be multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor) as a whole, such as 1 / sqrt(84), that is, each constellation point in the constellation diagram is multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor), that is, a power normalized constellation diagram can be obtained. It can be understood that the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the first constellation diagram model can include the following:

[0210] (a1cosθ,a1sinθ),(a2cosθ,a2sinθ),…,(a N cosθ,a N sinθ)

[0211]

[0212] (a1cos(θ+π),a1sin(θ+π)),(a2cos(θ+π),a2sin(θ+π)),…,(a N cos(θ+π),a N sin(θ+π))

[0213] (b1cos(θ+3π / 2),b1sin(θ+3π / 2)),(b2cos(θ+3π / 2),b2sin(θ+3π / 2)),…,(b N cos(θ+3π / 2),b N sin(θ+3π / 2))

[0214] The above coordinates can be obtained according to the trigonometric function formula as follows:

[0215] (a1cosθ,a1sinθ),(a2cosθ,a2sinθ),…,(a B cosθ,a B sinθ)

[0216] (-b1sinθ,b1cosθ),(-b2sinθ,b2cosθ),…,(-b N sinθ,bN cos θ)

[0217] (-a1cos θ,-a1sin θ),(-a2cos θ,-a2sin θ),…,(-a N cos θ,-a N sin θ)

[0218]

[0219] When β is 0, b n = a n The coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the first constellation model can include the following:

[0220] (a1cos θ,a1sin θ),(a2cos θ,a2sin θ),…,(a N cos θ,a N sin θ),

[0221] (a1cos(θ+π / 2),a1sin(θ+π / 2)),(a2cos(θ+π / 2),a2sin(θ+π / 2)),…,

[0222]

[0223] (a1cos(θ+π),a1sin(θ+π)),(a2cos(θ+π),a2sin(θ+π)),…,

[0224] (a N cos(θ+π),a N sin(θ+π)),

[0225] (a1cos(θ+3π / 2),a1sin(θ+3π / 2)),(a2cos(θ+3π / 2),a2sin(θ+3π / 2)),…,

[0226] (a N cos(θ+3π / 2),a N sin(θ+3π / 2))

[0227] The above coordinates can be obtained according to the trigonometric function formula as follows:

[0228] (a1cos θ,a1sin θ),(a2cos θ,a2sin θ),…,(a N cos θ,a N sin θ)

[0229] (-a1sinθ, a1cosθ), (-a2sinθ, a2cosθ), …, (-a N sinθ, a N cosθ)

[0230] (-a1cosθ, -a1sinθ), (-a2cosθ, -a2sinθ), …, (-a N cosθ, -a N sinθ)

[0231] (a1sinθ, -a1cosθ), (a2sinθ, -a2cosθ), …, (a N sinθ, -a N cosθ)

[0232] wherein the trigonometric function formulas include the following:

[0233] cos(θ+π / 2) = -sinθ

[0234] sin(θ+π / 2) = cosθ

[0235] cos(θ+π) = -cosθ

[0236] sin(θ+π) = -sinθ

[0237] cos(θ+3π / 2) = sinθ

[0238] sin(θ+3π / 2) = -cosθ

[0239] It is worth noting that when θ takes the value of 0, that is, the rotation amount of the cross-shaped constellation diagram is 0, the constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram are distributed on the x-axis and the y-axis, and therefore the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the first constellation diagram model can include the following:

[0240] (a1, 0), (a2, 0), …, (a N , 0),

[0241] (0, b1), (0, b2), …, (0, b N ),

[0242] (-a1, 0), (-a2, 0), …, (-a N , 0),

[0243] (0, -b1), (0, -b2), …, (0, -b N )

[0244] When β takes the value of 0, it can be obtained that b n = a n, the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the first constellation model can include the following:

[0245] (a1, 0), (a2, 0), …, (a N , 0),

[0246] (0, a1), (0, a2), …, (0, a N ),

[0247] (-a1, 0), (-a2, 0), …, (-a N , 0),

[0248] (0, -a1), (0, -a2), …, (0, -a N )

[0249] It is worth noting that when θ takes the value of π / 4, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation is 45°, the constellation points in the cross constellation are distributed on the straight line in the 45° direction passing through the origin and the straight line in the 135° direction passing through the origin, and therefore, the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the first constellation model can include the following:

[0250]

[0251]

[0252]

[0253]

[0254] When β takes the value of 0, it can be obtained that b n =a n , and the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the first constellation model can include the following:

[0255]

[0256]

[0257]

[0258]

[0259] Example six:

[0260] Referring to Figure 12 , Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a second constellation model provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein when M=2, the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating 5-bit information in a data packet according to the second constellation model, and N=2 MThis corresponds to N=4. Therefore, the second constellation model is a star-shaped constellation diagram including 32 constellation points. Figure 12 The constellation points in the star-shaped constellation diagram on the left are distributed along the straight lines passing through the x-axis (path I) (including rays from the positive and negative semi-axes), the straight lines passing through the y-axis (path Q) (including rays from the positive and negative semi-axes), the rays at 45° from the origin, the rays at 135° from the origin, the rays at 225° from the origin, and the rays at 315° from the origin. For the second constellation model, when b... n =a n It can form such as Figure 12 The star-shaped constellation diagram in the middle, when b n =a n +β can form as follows Figure 12 The diagram on the right shows a star-shaped constellation.

[0261] Understandable Figure 12 The star-shaped constellation diagram on the right can be used to... Figure 13 The constellation points in the four arms (rays passing through the origin at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°) of the star constellation diagram in the middle illustration are formed by expanding the amplitude of the constellation points outward as a whole, which can make the constellation points of the star constellation diagram more evenly distributed and improve demodulation performance. However, it will increase the average power of the constellation diagram. Therefore, in some scenarios, a second constellation diagram model with an additional offset β of 0 for a single arm can also be used. No specific restrictions are made here.

[0262] It is worth noting that the values ​​shown in the embodiments of this application are merely illustrative descriptions and are not intended to be specific. The values ​​can be adjusted adaptively according to the actual situation.

[0263] It is understood that the information transmission in all the above embodiments refers to information in a broad sense, that is, information can be business data or information used for system control, i.e., signaling; or, information can include bit data that needs to be transmitted, such as business bit data or signaling bit data. In this context, different English terms such as message, information, and payload can all represent information.

[0264] It is understood that the receiving side in all the above embodiments can be a base station, a receiver, an access point, etc., and no specific limitations are made here.

[0265] Additionally, refer to Figure 2 An embodiment of this application also provides a communication device 100, which includes a memory 102, a processor 101, and a computer program stored in the memory 102 and executable on the processor 101.

[0266] The processor 101 and the memory 102 can be connected by a bus or other means.

[0267] The memory 102, as a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transient software programs and non-transient computer executable programs. In addition, the memory 102 can include high-speed random access memory, and can also include non-transient memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transient solid-state memory device. In some embodiments, the memory 102 can optionally include a memory disposed remotely relative to the processor 101, which can be connected to the processor 101 through a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include but are not limited to the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and a combination thereof.

[0268] The non-transient software programs and instructions required to implement the signal modulation method of the above-mentioned embodiments are stored in the memory 102, and when executed by the processor 101, the signal modulation method in the above-mentioned embodiments is executed, for example, the method steps S110 in the above-described Figure 2 are executed.

[0269] The above-described device embodiments are only illustrative, and units described as separate components can or can not be physically separated, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment scheme.

[0270] In addition, one embodiment of the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores computer executable instructions, and the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor or a controller, for example, a processor in the above-mentioned device embodiments, so that the above-mentioned processor executes the signal modulation method in the above-mentioned embodiments, executes the method steps S110 in the above-described Figure 2 .

[0271] In addition, one embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or computer instructions, and the computer program or computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium, and a processor of a computer device reads the computer program or computer instructions from the computer readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer program or computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the signal modulation method in the above-mentioned embodiments, for example, executes the method steps S110 in the above-described ​ .

[0272] As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, all or some steps, systems of the above-disclosed methods can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components can be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, a digital signal processor, or a microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application- specific integrated circuit. Such software can be distributed on computer readable media, which can comprise computer storage media (or non-transitory media), and communication media (or transitory media). As is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the term computer storage media includes both volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. Further, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as carrier waves or other transport mechanisms, and includes any information delivery media.

Claims

1. A signal modulation method, comprising: Modulation symbols are obtained by modulating M+2 bits of information according to the first constellation diagram model or M+3 bits of information according to the second constellation diagram model. The first constellation diagram model contains 4*N constellation points, and the second constellation diagram model contains 8*N constellation points. M is an integer greater than 1, and N and M satisfy the formula N = 2^(N-1). M ; The complex forms corresponding to the 4*N constellation points in the first constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N by jθ , b1e j(θ+π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+π / 2) , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N by j(θ+π) , b1e j(θ+3π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N e j(θ+3π / 2) ; The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N constellation points in the second constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N by jθ , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N by j(θ+π) , Where π is the mathematical constant pi; j is the imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2, ..., a N b1, b2, ..., b N All are positive numbers, and satisfy: 0 < a1 < a2 < ... < a N , 0 < b1 < b2 < ... < b N .

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: a1, a2, ..., a N All of these can be expressed by the following formula: a n =(2n-1+Δ)d; b1, b2, ..., b N All of these can be expressed by the following formula: b n =a n +b; Where n takes values ​​of 1, 2, ..., N; d is a positive real number; and Δ and β are both real numbers greater than or equal to 0.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The value of Δ is 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The value of d is 1, such that a n satisfy Alternatively, d can take the value 1 / 2, such that a n satisfy 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The value of Δ is 1, and the value of d is 1 / 2, such that a n Satisfy a n =n.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The value of Δ is 3, and the value of d is 1 / 2, such that a n Satisfy a n = n+1.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The value of Δ is 0, and the value of d is 1, such that a n Satisfy a n =2n-1.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, β equals 0.

9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation diagram model, β is greater than 0.

10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the first constellation diagram model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram model equal to 1. or, When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation diagram model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram model equal to 1.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The value of θ is 0; or, The value of θ satisfies the formula θ = π / 4; or, The value of θ satisfies the formula θ = π / 8.

12. A communication device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; At least one memory for storing at least one program; The signal modulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11 is implemented when at least one of the programs is executed by at least one of the processors.

13. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing the signal modulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

Images