A super-slippery anti-crystallization coating for a tunnel drainage system, its preparation method, and its application.

Abstract

This invention discloses an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for tunnel drainage systems, its preparation method, and its application. The structural layer is an organosilicon resin matrix, which is composed of organosilicon resin, organic solvent, and curing agent. The functional layer is a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere coating. The silicon-containing organosilicon resin gives the structural layer extremely low surface energy, improving hydrophobicity and enhancing adhesion to concrete. The molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres, modified with methyl silicone oil, give the functional layer extremely low surface energy, enhancing surface lubricity. The coating exhibits strong adhesion to the concrete surface, a large contact angle, low surface energy, and a smooth surface, significantly reducing the amount of crystal formation in the central drainage ditch of the tunnel. When the anti-crystallization super-slippery coating of this invention is applied to precast and cast-in-place central drainage ditches, after the organosilicon resin matrix and silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution are applied to the substrate surface and dried, the surface of the functional layer is sanded with 400-mesh sandpaper. This process can, to some extent, eliminate the unevenness of the coating surface, significantly enhancing its lubricity and improving its anti-crystallization effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel drainage pipe crystallization prevention in tunnel drainage systems, specifically involving an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for tunnel drainage systems, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] As tunnels age, crystallization defects in tunnel drainage systems become increasingly severe. Groundwater seeps into shotcrete, causing the continuous dissolution and loss of calcium hydration products within the shotcrete. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide in the air naturally generates carbonate ions in an alkaline environment, which combine with calcium ions to undergo a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of white calcium carbonate crystals on the tunnel drainage pipes. This crystallization defect results in poor drainage or even blockage of the drainage system.

[0003] Currently, methods for preventing crystallization in tunnel drainage systems include magnetic field prevention, electrostatic prevention, flocking, and adding admixtures to concrete to prevent crystal formation.

[0004] Magnetic field and electrostatic discharge prevention methods often require auxiliary facilities, occupying very limited tunnel space, interfering with normal tunnel operation and traffic, and consuming a large amount of resources. The flocking method is complex and limited to double-wall corrugated pipes, while the amount of crystallization in concrete pipes in tunnel drainage systems is far greater than that of double-wall corrugated pipes. Tunnel construction requires a huge volume of concrete, and methods using admixtures are costly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for tunnel drainage systems, its preparation method, and its application. The coating has the characteristics of strong adhesion to concrete surfaces, large contact angle, low surface energy, and smooth surface, which can significantly reduce the amount of crystal formation in the central drainage ditch of the tunnel.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] An anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for a tunnel drainage system includes a structural layer and a functional layer. The structural layer is an organosilicon resin matrix, obtained by applying a corresponding organosilicon resin matrix liquid. The raw materials of the organosilicon resin matrix liquid include organosilicon resin, organic solvent, and curing agent. The functional layer is a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere coating. The carbon microspheres have a particle size of 20-50 micrometers and are obtained by applying a corresponding silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution, obtained by applying a corresponding silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution.

[0008] Preferably, by weight, the components are 300-600 parts of silicone resin, 50-200 parts of organic solvent, and 40-600 parts of curing agent;

[0009] The organosilicon resin is trimethoxysilane, triphenoxysilane, or trimethylphenoxysilane;

[0010] The organic solvent is one or more selected from butyl acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane;

[0011] The curing agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, diethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and triethylenetetramine.

[0012] Preferably, by weight, the composition comprises 10-25 parts methyl silicone oil, 10-25 parts carbohydrate compound, 10-20 parts molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, and 20-50 parts curing agent.

[0013] The curing agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, and triethylenetetramine.

[0014] Furthermore, the sugar compound is one or more of glucose, fructose, and sucrose.

[0015] Furthermore, the molybdenum disulfide nanosheets have a particle size of 80-100 nanometers.

[0016] A method for preparing an organosilicon resin matrix liquid in an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for a tunnel drainage system as described in any one of the above claims, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Stir the silicone resin and organic solvent until homogeneous, then sonicate for 25-45 minutes, add the curing agent, and stir until homogeneous to obtain the silicone resin matrix liquid.

[0018] A method for preparing a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution for an anti-crystallization super-lubricating coating of the tunnel drainage system, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Carbohydrate compounds and deionized water were mixed and hydrothermally reacted at 150-170℃ for 5-7 hours. The resulting reaction solution was then cooled to room temperature, and the product was separated to obtain carbon microspheres. Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were mixed with carbon microspheres, and then deionized water was added. The mixture was then hydrothermally reacted at 170-190℃ for 3-5 hours. The resulting reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was separated, washed, and dried to obtain molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres.

[0020] Methyl silicone oil and molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres were mixed evenly at 120-160℃, then cooled, and deionized water was added while stirring. The weight ratio of deionized water to methyl silicone oil was (10-25):(10-25). The mixture was stirred for 25-45 minutes, then filtered and dried to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres.

[0021] The curing agent and silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres were mixed evenly at room temperature and pressure to obtain a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution.

[0022] Application of an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for tunnel drainage systems in precast and cast-in-place central drainage ditches.

[0023] The application of an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for a tunnel drainage system in a prefabricated central drainage ditch includes the following steps:

[0024] S1, Grind and chisel the concrete base surface, rinse it clean and dry it;

[0025] S2, apply the silicone resin matrix liquid to the ground concrete surface and let it stand naturally for 1-2 hours to form a dry silicone resin matrix;

[0026] S3. Apply a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution to the surface of the silicone resin matrix, dry it under natural conditions to form a functional layer, then polish the functional layer with 400-grit sandpaper to form an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating, and finally lay out the construction to determine the plan position and elevation of the prefabricated central drainage ditch.

[0027] The application of an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for a tunnel drainage system in a cast-in-place central drainage ditch includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. Determine the plan position and elevation of the central drainage ditch, install a detachable cap at the outlet of the transverse drainage pipe, and run an outlet pipe on the longitudinal drainage pipe to discharge the groundwater out of the tunnel.

[0029] S2, remove debris or construction waste from the cast-in-place central drainage ditch, smooth the bottom of the cast-in-place central drainage ditch, then repair any cracks and defects on the inner wall of the cast-in-place central drainage ditch, and then clean it and remove the waste;

[0030] S3, set up barriers on both sides of the cast-in-place central drainage ditch to ensure that the subsequent S4 is in a dry and dust-free environment;

[0031] S4. Apply the silicone resin matrix liquid to the concrete substrate treated in S2 and let it stand naturally for 1-2 hours to form a dry silicone resin matrix. Apply a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution to the surface of the silicone resin matrix and let it dry naturally to form a functional layer. Then, polish the functional layer with 400-grit sandpaper to form an anti-crystallization super-slip coating. Finally, remove the obstructions in S3.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] This invention discloses an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for a tunnel drainage system, comprising a structural layer and a functional layer. The structural layer is an organosilicon resin matrix, which is composed of organosilicon resin, organic solvent, and curing agent. The functional layer is a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere coating. The introduction of silicon-containing organosilicon resin into the structural layer results in extremely low surface energy, improving hydrophobicity and enhancing adhesion to concrete. In the functional layer, the molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres themselves have high lubricity; modification with methyl silicone oil further enhances surface lubricity while maintaining extremely low surface energy. The resulting coating exhibits strong adhesion to concrete surfaces, a large surface contact angle, low surface energy, and a smooth surface, significantly reducing crystal formation in the central drainage ditch of the tunnel. The structural layer has good adhesion to concrete and will not peel off due to water erosion. The functional layer is modified with methyl silicone oil and has low surface energy, which restricts the nucleation of crystals on the coating surface. The surface lubrication of the silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere structure is good, and the crystals are difficult to deposit on the concrete surface after they are formed.

[0034] When the anti-crystallization super-slippery coating of the tunnel drainage system of this invention is applied to precast central drainage ditches and cast-in-place central drainage ditches, after the silicone resin matrix liquid and silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution are applied to the substrate surface and dried, the surface of the functional layer is polished by using 400-mesh sandpaper. This can eliminate the unevenness of the coating surface to a certain extent, significantly enhance the coating's lubricity, and improve the anti-crystallization effect. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the amount of crystals formed in Examples 1-4 of this invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the amount of crystals generated in the blank group of this invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a SEM image of the carbon microspheres in this invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a SEM image of molybdenum disulfide in this invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a SEM image of molybdenum disulfide-coated carbon microspheres in Example 3 of this invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is the energy spectrum of molybdenum disulfide-coated carbon microspheres in Example 3 of this invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the indoor testing setup.

[0042] In the diagram: 7-1 Booster pump; 7-2 Water level control valve; 7-3 Seepage box; 7-4 Concrete; 7-5 Valve; 7-6 Central drainage ditch; 7-7 Water collection device. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0044] In tunnel drainage systems, crystals ultimately deposit on the surface of the drainage pipes. Reducing the amount of crystal deposition on the drainage pipe surface can effectively address the problem of crystallization blockage in tunnel drainage systems. When a coating is applied to the surface of the central drainage ditch, due to the coating's large contact angle, low surface energy, and smooth surface, crystals are difficult to form and deposit on the coating surface, thus significantly reducing the amount of crystal formation. Current reports indicate that coatings are primarily used in ship hulls and metal corrosion protection, and while they are still used in tunnel drainage systems, this invention aims to prevent crystal formation in the central drainage ditch of a tunnel.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] A super-slippery coating for preventing crystallization in tunnel drainage systems, comprising a structural layer and a functional layer, is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0047] (1) Fabrication of structural layers:

[0048] (a) Add 200g of trimethoxysilane, 100g of triphenoxysilane, 50g of butyl acetate, and 50g of ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate to a reaction vessel, adjust the mechanical speed, and stir the mixture until homogeneous; place the mixture in an ultrasonic cleaner and sonicate for 30 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0049] (b) Add 40g of diethylenetriamine to the mixture obtained in step (a), and mix evenly by high-speed stirring at room temperature and pressure to obtain an organosilicon resin matrix liquid.

[0050] (2) Preparation of functional layers:

[0051] (a) Preparation of carbon microspheres: 100g of sucrose was added to 50g of deionized water and stirred to prepare a sucrose solution. The solution was then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 160℃ for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was centrifuged and dried to obtain carbon microspheres.

[0052] (b) Preparation of molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material: 100g of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were mixed with carbon microspheres obtained in step (a), and then 200g of deionized water was added. The mixture was then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 180℃ for 4h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was centrifuged and dried to obtain molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres (MOS2 / C composite material).

[0053] (c) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres: 100g of methyl silicone oil was poured into molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres and stirred at 140℃. After the mixture was stirred evenly, it was cooled. While stirring, 100g of deionized water was added and stirred for another 30min to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material.

[0054] (d) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere powder material: The prepared silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material was filtered and dried to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite powder material.

[0055] (e) Add 200g of ethylenediamine to the final product obtained in step (d), and mix evenly by high-speed stirring at room temperature and pressure to obtain a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution.

[0056] The application of the super-slippery coating is applied to both precast central drainage ditches and cast-in-place central drainage ditches.

[0057] The construction steps for applying the coating to the precast central drainage ditch are as follows:

[0058] (1) Concrete pipe pretreatment: Before applying the coating, the concrete base surface is ground, cleaned and dried.

[0059] (2) Structural layer coating: Apply silicone resin matrix liquid to the ground concrete base surface and let it stand in the natural environment for 1-2 hours after application.

[0060] (3) Functional layer coating: After the silicone resin matrix dries, apply a modified silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution to its surface; dry in natural environment until the structural layer and functional layer system are completely dry, and then polish the functional layer with 400-grit sandpaper.

[0061] (4) Pipeline transportation. During the transportation of precast concrete pipes, certain protective measures should be taken to avoid scratching the inner wall coating of the pipe, which could cause the coating to fail.

[0062] (5) Surveying and setting out. Construction layout to determine the plane position and elevation of the central drainage ditch, and clearly mark it.

[0063] (6) Installation and positioning.

[0064] The construction steps for applying the coating to the cast-in-place central drainage ditch are as follows:

[0065] (1) Surveying and setting out. Construction layout to determine the plane position and elevation of the central drainage ditch, and mark it clearly.

[0066] (2) Block the water inlet. Install a detachable cap at the outlet of the horizontal drain pipe and run a water outlet pipe on the vertical drain pipe to discharge the groundwater out of the tunnel.

[0067] (3) Remove debris. Remove any remaining debris or construction waste from the central drainage ditch.

[0068] (4) Leveling the foundation. The bottom of the central drainage ditch is leveled with tools to facilitate subsequent construction.

[0069] (5) Concrete surface treatment. Repair any cracks or defects in the inner wall of the central drainage ditch; clean the inner wall with high-pressure water. After the concrete surface treatment is completed, clean up any construction debris and allow the concrete to dry completely.

[0070] (6) Surrounding barriers. Certain barriers are set up on both sides of the drainage ditch to make the construction take place in a relatively dry environment with less dust.

[0071] (7) Structural layer coating: Apply the silicone resin matrix to the concrete substrate and leave it in a natural environment for 1-2 hours after application;

[0072] (8) Functional layer coating: After the silicone resin matrix dries, apply a modified silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite coating to its surface; dry in natural environment until the structural layer and functional layer system are completely dry, and then polish the functional layer with 400-grit sandpaper to form an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating.

[0073] (9) Remove surrounding obstructions. Remove obstructions on both sides of the drainage ditch to restore the normal function of the drainage system.

[0074] Example 2:

[0075] A super-slippery coating for preventing crystallization in tunnel drainage systems, comprising a structural layer and a functional layer, is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0076] (1) Fabrication of structural layers:

[0077] (a) Add 250g of trimethoxysilane, 100g of trimethylphenoxysilane, 50g of toluene, and 100g of xylene to a reaction vessel, adjust the mechanical speed, and stir the mixture until homogeneous. Place the mixture in an ultrasonic cleaner and sonicate for 35 minutes to obtain the final mixture.

[0078] (b) Add 500g of triethylenetetramine to the mixture and stir at high speed under normal temperature and pressure until homogeneous to obtain an organosilicon resin matrix liquid.

[0079] (2) Preparation of functional layers:

[0080] (a) Preparation of carbon microspheres: 100g of fructose was added to 150g of deionized water and stirred to prepare a fructose solution. The solution was then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 160℃ for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was centrifuged and dried to obtain carbon microspheres.

[0081] (b) Preparation of molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material: 120g of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were mixed with carbon microspheres obtained in step (a), and then 200g of deionized water was added. The mixture was then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 180℃ for 4h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was centrifuged and dried to obtain molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres (MOS2 / C composite material).

[0082] (c) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres: 150g of methyl silicone oil was poured into molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres and stirred at 130°C. After the mixture was stirred evenly, it was cooled. While stirring, 100g of deionized water was added and stirred for another 35 minutes to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material.

[0083] (d) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere powder material: The prepared silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material was filtered and dried to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite powder material.

[0084] (e) Add 250g of tetraethylenepentamine to the final product obtained in step (d), and mix evenly by high-speed stirring at room temperature and pressure to obtain a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution.

[0085] Example 3:

[0086] A super-slippery coating for preventing crystallization in tunnel drainage systems, comprising a structural layer and a functional layer, is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0087] (1) Fabrication of structural layers:

[0088] (a) Add 200g of triphenoxysilane, 150g of trimethylphenoxysilane, 100g of butyl acetate and 50g of cyclohexane to the reaction vessel, adjust the mechanical speed and stir the mixture until uniform: put the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaner and ultrasonically treat it for 25 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0089] (b) Add 300g of diethylenetetramine and 250g of triethylenetetramine to the mixture, and stir at high speed under normal temperature and pressure until homogeneous to obtain an organosilicon resin matrix liquid.

[0090] (2) Functional layer preparation:

[0091] (a) Preparation of carbon microspheres: 100g of glucose and 100g of sucrose were added to 250g of deionized water, stirred to prepare a mixed solution, and then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 160℃ for 6h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was centrifuged and dried to obtain carbon microspheres.

[0092] (b) Preparation of molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material: 150g of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were mixed with carbon microspheres obtained in step (a), and then 350g of deionized water was added. The mixture was then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 180℃ for 4h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was centrifuged and dried to obtain molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres (MOS2 / C composite material).

[0093] (c) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres: 200g of methyl silicone oil was poured into molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres and stirred at 130℃. After the mixture was stirred evenly, it was cooled. While stirring, 200g of deionized water was added and stirred for another 45min to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material.

[0094] (d) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere powder material: The prepared silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material was filtered and dried to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite powder material.

[0095] (e) Add 400g of triethylenetetramine to the final product obtained in step (d), and mix evenly by high-speed stirring at room temperature and pressure to obtain a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution.

[0096] Example 4:

[0097] A super-slippery coating for preventing crystallization in tunnel drainage systems, comprising a structural layer and a functional layer, is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0098] (1) Fabrication of structural layers:

[0099] (a) Add 250g of trimethoxysilane, 150g of triphenoxysilane, 200g of trimethylphenoxysilane, 150g of ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, 20g of xylene, and 30g of cyclohexane to a reaction vessel, adjust the mechanical speed, and stir the mixture until homogeneous; place the mixture in an ultrasonic cleaner and sonicate for 45 minutes to obtain the final mixture.

[0100] (b) Add 300g of diethylenetetramine and 300g of triethylenetetramine to the mixture, and stir at high speed under normal temperature and pressure until homogeneous to obtain an organosilicon resin matrix liquid.

[0101] (2) Preparation of functional layers:

[0102] (a) Preparation of carbon microspheres: 50g of glucose, 100g of fructose and 100g of sucrose were added to 300g of deionized water and stirred to prepare a mixed solution. The solution was then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 160℃ for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was centrifuged and dried to obtain carbon microspheres.

[0103] (b) Preparation of molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material: 200g of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were mixed with carbon microspheres obtained in step (a), and then 400g of deionized water was added. The mixture was then added to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 180℃ for 4h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was centrifuged and dried to obtain molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres (MOS2 / C composite material).

[0104] (c) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres: 250g of methyl silicone oil was poured into molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres and stirred at 120°C. After the mixture was stirred evenly, it was cooled. While stirring, 250g of deionized water was added and stirred for another 45min to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material.

[0105] (d) Preparation of silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere powder material: The prepared silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite material was filtered and dried to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite powder material.

[0106] (e) Add 500g of ethylenediamine to the final product obtained in step (d), and mix evenly by high-speed stirring at room temperature and pressure to obtain a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution.

[0107] The intermediate product obtained in Example 1 of this invention was subjected to electron microscopy. The test results are shown in [Figure number missing]. Figures 3-6 .

[0108] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that at a magnification of 1000x, the carbon microspheres are spherical in shape, uniformly arranged, and have a particle size of 20-30 micrometers.

[0109] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that at a magnification of 10,000 times, molybdenum disulfide appears as a sheet with a size of 80 nanometers.

[0110] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the sheet-like molybdenum disulfide is uniformly coated on the surface of the carbon microspheres, forming a stable structure.

[0111] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that: Figure 6The image shows the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of the carbon microsphere / molybdenum disulfide structure, with the probe point being Spectrum 5. As can be seen from the image, the elements present at Spectrum 5 are carbon, molybdenum, and sulfur, with a ratio of 48.5%:33.5%:17.9%.

[0112] The anti-crystallization performance of the super-slippery coatings prepared in Examples 1-4 of the present invention was tested. To more intuitively demonstrate that the super-slippery coating provided by the present invention can effectively prevent crystal formation, an indoor test device was used to simulate the actual seepage of groundwater into concrete, followed by flow through a central drainage ditch coated with the super-slippery coating. Figure 7 As shown, water is pumped to the water level control valve 7-2 by the pressurized water pump 7-1, and then flows onto the concrete 7-4 inside the seepage tank 7-3. The seepage water through the concrete 7-4 flows through the valve 7-5 at the bottom of the seepage tank 7-3 to the central drainage ditch coated with the coating of Example 1-4 and the blank group without coating (i.e., in... Figure 7 The previously used central drainage ditch 7-6 needs to be replaced, and the seepage water will eventually flow into the collection device 7-7. The test period is 14 days, and the test indicators include: changes in the quality of crystals on the coating surface, changes in the contact angle of the coating surface, changes in the static friction coefficient, and the adhesion performance between the coating and concrete. Among them, the changes in the quality of crystals on the coating surface are determined by the mass difference method; the contact angle of the coating is measured by a contact angle measuring instrument; the static friction coefficient is measured by an inclined plane friction coefficient meter; and the adhesion performance between the coating and concrete is measured by a coating pull-out tester.

[0113] Table 1. Indoor test results of the blank group and the super-slippery coatings in Examples 1-4:

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] like Figure 1 As shown, in Examples 1-4, the coating surface showed almost no crystals within the first 3 days, with a slow crystal formation rate and virtually no crystal formation. As time progressed, a small amount of white flocculent material formed on the coating surface, but this was washed away by the water flow, leaving no deposits on the surface. Figure 2 The coating formation rate in the blank group showed a trend of slow initial growth followed by rapid growth. In the early stages of the experiment, some white flocculent substances formed, which gradually accumulated and adhered to the surface of the drainage ditch in the later stages. Simultaneously, more crystals were observed on uneven areas of the concrete, adhering to the concrete surface. After the experiment, the surface crystal mass of Examples 1-4 and the blank group were 1.135g, 1.678g, 1.840g, 1.455g, and 19.885g, respectively, indicating that the coating application significantly prevented the formation and adhesion of crystals.

[0117] As shown in Table 1, the surface contact angles of Examples 1-4 and the blank group decreased by 0.02°, 0.04°, 0.06g°, 0.03°, and 5.08° respectively before and after the test, indicating that the contact angle of the coating is not easily changed under scouring, and the surface coating has good durability. The static friction coefficients of Examples 1-4 and the blank group increased by 0.01°, 0.03°, 0.07g°, 0.02°, and 2.41° respectively before and after the test. The static friction coefficients of the examples were significantly smaller than those of the blank group, indicating that the smaller the static friction coefficient, the less likely crystals are to deposit. The pull-out force of the coating in Examples 1-4 decreased by 0.01 MPa, 0.04 MPa, 0.05 MPa, and 0.03 MPa before and after the test. The smaller decrease in pull-out force during the test period indicates excellent adhesion between the coating and concrete.

Claims

1. A super-slippery coating for preventing crystallization in a tunnel drainage system, characterized in that: It includes a structural layer and a functional layer. The structural layer is an organosilicon resin matrix, which is obtained by coating a corresponding organosilicon resin matrix liquid. The raw materials of the organosilicon resin matrix liquid include organosilicon resin, organic solvent and curing agent. The functional layer is a silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere coating. The carbon microspheres have a particle size of 20-50 micrometers. The raw materials include methyl silicone oil, sugar compounds, molybdenum disulfide nanosheets and curing agent, which are obtained by coating a corresponding silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution. The preparation method of the silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution includes the following steps: Carbohydrate compounds and deionized water were mixed and hydrothermally reacted at 150-170℃ for 5-7 hours. The resulting reaction solution was then cooled to room temperature, and the product was separated to obtain carbon microspheres. Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were mixed with carbon microspheres, and then deionized water was added. The mixture was then hydrothermally reacted at 170-190℃ for 3-5 hours. The resulting reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was separated, washed, and dried to obtain molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres. Methyl silicone oil and molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres were mixed evenly at 120-160℃, then cooled, and deionized water was added while stirring. The weight ratio of deionized water to methyl silicone oil was (10-25):(10-25). The mixture was stirred for 25-45 minutes, then filtered and dried to obtain silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres. The curing agent and silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microspheres were mixed evenly at room temperature and pressure to obtain a silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution.

2. The anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for the tunnel drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, 300-600 parts of silicone resin, 50-200 parts of organic solvent, and 40-600 parts of curing agent; The organosilicon resin is trimethoxysilane, triphenoxysilane, or trimethylphenoxysilane; The organic solvent is one or more selected from butyl acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane; The curing agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, diethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and triethylenetetramine.

3. The anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for the tunnel drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, 10-25 parts methyl silicone oil, 10-25 parts carbohydrate compound, 10-20 parts molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, and 20-50 parts curing agent; The curing agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, and triethylenetetramine.

4. The anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for the tunnel drainage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sugar compound is one or more of glucose, fructose, and sucrose.

5. The anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for the tunnel drainage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molybdenum disulfide nanosheets have a particle size of 80-100 nanometers.

6. The anti-crystallization super-slippery coating for the tunnel drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the organosilicon resin matrix liquid includes the following steps: Stir the silicone resin and organic solvent until homogeneous, then sonicate for 25-45 minutes, add the curing agent, and stir until homogeneous to obtain the silicone resin matrix liquid.

7. The application of the anti-crystallization super-slippery coating of the tunnel drainage system as described in any one of claims 1-5 in precast central drainage ditches and cast-in-place central drainage ditches.

8. The application of the anti-crystallization super-slippery coating of the tunnel drainage system according to claim 7 in a prefabricated central drainage ditch, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Grind and chisel the concrete base surface, rinse it clean and dry it; S2, the organosilicon resin matrix liquid of claim 6 is applied to the concrete substrate after grinding and chiseling, and left to stand naturally for 1-2 hours to form a dry organosilicon resin matrix; S3, apply the silicone oil-modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution of claim 1 to the surface of the silicone resin matrix, dry it under natural conditions to form a functional layer, then polish the functional layer with 400-grit sandpaper to form an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating, and finally lay out the construction to determine the planar position and elevation of the prefabricated central drainage ditch.

9. The application of the anti-crystallization super-slippery coating of the tunnel drainage system according to claim 7 in cast-in-place central drainage ditches, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the plan position and elevation of the central drainage ditch, install a detachable cap at the outlet of the transverse drainage pipe, and run an outlet pipe on the longitudinal drainage pipe to discharge the groundwater out of the tunnel. S2, remove debris or construction waste from the cast-in-place central drainage ditch, smooth the bottom of the cast-in-place central drainage ditch, then repair any cracks and defects on the inner wall of the cast-in-place central drainage ditch, and then clean it and remove the waste; S3, set up barriers on both sides of the cast-in-place central drainage ditch to ensure that the subsequent S4 is in a dry and dust-free environment; S4, apply the silicone resin matrix liquid of claim 6 to the concrete substrate after S2 treatment, let it stand naturally for 1-2 hours to form a dry silicone resin matrix, apply the silicone oil modified molybdenum disulfide / carbon microsphere composite solution of claim 1 to the surface of the silicone resin matrix, dry it under natural conditions to form a functional layer, then polish the functional layer with 400-grit sandpaper to form an anti-crystallization super-slippery coating, and finally remove the obstruction in S3.

Images