A tunnel drilling geophysical exploration device and method

Abstract

This scheme belongs to the field of tunnel geophysical exploration technology, and specifically relates to a tunnel geophysical exploration device and method while drilling, with the following steps: S1: Select a specific position of the face, locate it through laser, and use the drill rod to drill forward; S2: After the drill rod drills forward, the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy through the transmitting transducer to generate sound waves, which propagate in the surrounding rock of the formation around the borehole, encounter reflections from unfavorable geological bodies, and are finally collected, received and stored by the receiving system; S3: After the collected data is processed, information such as the propagation speed and amplitude of the sound waves in the surrounding rock medium of the formation in front of the face can be obtained, which is used to evaluate the characteristics of the formation in front of the face... S5: After reaching the required detection distance depth, pull out the drill rod and take out the pipe section. After excavating forward a certain distance, repeat step S1. It solves the problem that the complex and unfavorable geological distribution conditions in the construction area and nearby areas of the tunnel cannot be identified and located before construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel geophysical exploration, and specifically relates to a tunnel geophysical exploration while drilling device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of major infrastructure projects such as railway and highway transportation projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects, my country has become the country with the largest scale and difficulty in tunnel construction in the world. However, in the process of most tunnel construction, different types of unfavorable geology and the geological disasters induced by them will be faced, resulting in casualties, economic losses, delays in construction, and even forced suspension of construction or rerouting.

[0003] Tunnel advanced geological prediction technology is the main means to quickly obtain information on the geological structure and surrounding rock lithology changes in front of the tunnel face before and during tunnel construction. The prior information obtained from advanced geological prediction can be used to classify and rate the tunnel surrounding rock in advance, formulate corresponding tunnel construction methods, plan reasonable construction routes, and strengthen tunnel geological disaster prevention, which can effectively reduce the impact of poor geological areas on tunnel construction safety.

[0004] There are many means of tunnel advance prediction: engineering geological survey and inference, advance pilot pit and advance drilling prediction method, geological radar detection, infrared water detection prediction, transient electromagnetic water detection prediction, seismic reflection method prediction (negative apparent velocity method, HSP, TSP, TRT, TGP, TST), etc. Each method has its own different development history, application conditions, advantages and disadvantages.

[0005] However, each method has the following problems:

[0006] 1. Engineering geological survey and inference: In the case of shallow tunnels and simple structures, this prediction method has high accuracy and is still in use. However, for areas with complex structures and deep tunnels, this method is difficult to work with and its accuracy is difficult to guarantee. It is necessary to use geophysical methods to achieve better results. 2. Geological radar detection prediction method: Geological radar detection can better identify the changes in the surrounding rock, structural zones, especially saturated fracture zones and cavities in front of the excavation face. In areas with deep tunnels, water-rich areas and karst caves, ground penetrating radar is a better prediction method. However, its current detection distance is short, generally within 20 to 30 meters. For the prediction of long tunnels, only short-distance segmented predictions can be carried out. At the same time, radar detection is susceptible to reflection interference caused by tunnel side walls, metal components, electromechanical equipment, vehicles, machinery, wires, etc. In the processing and analysis, special attention should be paid to eliminating interference and wave phase identification.

[0007] 3. Infrared water forecasting: Advantages: It does not affect construction, can be carried out simultaneously with construction, is easy to carry, and is quick and convenient to operate on site. Infrared water detectors are very sensitive to water-containing structures. The post-data processing is fast, the information is concise and intuitive, and can guide construction in a timely and effective manner. The forecast cost is low. Disadvantages: Since infrared water detectors are very sensitive, they are easily interfered by the outside world. It is impossible to accurately and quantitatively infer water pressure, water volume, water body width and its exact location.

[0008] 4. Advantages of transient electromagnetic method: transient electromagnetic method is the most sensitive method for finding low-resistance geological bodies in high-resistance surrounding rocks, and it is not affected by terrain. Profile measurement and depth measurement are completed at the same time, providing more useful information. Disadvantages: When encountering large metal structures on the ground or in space, the measured data cannot be used, and the device and power supply current cannot be changed during the measurement, otherwise it will affect the interpretation.

[0009] 5. Seismic reflection method prediction: Advantages: It has the advantages of high detection accuracy, large detection range, and little electromagnetic interference from metal pipelines. Disadvantages: The transmission seismic wave method requires an additional source, which has a great interference on the construction, and the geophone is easy to miss detection and has a large noise. The detection accuracy of water bodies is not high.

[0010] The invention patent with application number 201410172852.9 discloses a geophysical exploration advance detection device for drilling while drilling, wherein a first probe wire and a second probe wire are arranged inside the probe rod, one end of the first probe wire is connected to the signal input end of the first brush ring, and the other end is connected to the high potential signal output end of the first signal transmitting module, one end of the second probe wire is connected to the signal input end of the second brush ring, and the other end is connected to the high potential signal output end of the second signal transmitting module, a metal conductive rod is respectively connected to the zero potential interface of the first signal transmitting module and the second signal transmitting module, the current signal input end of the first signal receiving module is connected to the first probe wire, the current signal input end of the second signal receiving module is connected to the second probe wire, and the signal output ends of the first brush ring and the second brush ring are both connected to the inner wall of the drill rod. The present invention can carry out precise and effective detection and prediction of harmful geological bodies such as water-rich bodies and water-conducting channels around the boreholes facing the excavation of tunnels and lanes.

[0011] The above-mentioned technology uses the drilling method which is greatly affected by the location and orientation of the borehole layout, and it is also necessary to detect and predict the water-rich bodies and water channels around the borehole when the drilling stops. It mainly detects underground water resources and cannot identify the complex geological distribution of the underground. Now, a technology is needed that can accurately detect the properties and distribution characteristics of the underground medium and special geological bodies in front of the heading face before tunnel excavation. Summary of the invention

[0012] The purpose of this scheme is to provide a tunnel geophysical exploration device and method while drilling to solve the problem that the complex geological distribution of the tunnel construction area cannot be identified before construction.

[0013] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tunnel geophysical exploration device and method while drilling, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step S1: Select a specific position of the tunnel face and use laser positioning to drill forward using a drill rod;

[0015] Step S2: After the drill pipe drills forward, the transmitting transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to generate sound waves, which propagate in front of the face and in the surrounding formations, and are finally collected, received and stored by the receiving system;

[0016] Step S3: After the collected data is processed, the acoustic wave propagation velocity and amplitude information of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face can be obtained, which is used to evaluate the stratum characteristics in front of the tunnel face;

[0017] Step S4: lengthen the drill rod section from the tunnel face, use laser positioning to locate the drilling direction, angle, and distance parameters, and drill forward; repeat step S2 to form a cycle;

[0018] Step S5: After reaching the required detection distance depth, pull out the drill rod, take out the pipe section, dig forward a predetermined distance, and repeat step S1.

[0019] The basic principle of this scheme is to use the acoustic detection technology of solid media, applied in the tunnel field, to accurately detect the properties and distribution characteristics of the underground medium and special geological bodies in front of the face, to achieve accurate imaging of unfavorable geology, and to use the prior information obtained from the advanced geological forecast of acoustic wave detection to classify and grade the tunnel surrounding rock in advance, formulate corresponding tunnel construction methods, plan reasonable construction routes, strengthen the prevention of tunnel geological disasters, etc., which can effectively reduce the impact of unfavorable geological areas on tunnel construction safety.

[0020] Beneficial effects of this program:

[0021] 1. Long-range detection imaging (tens of meters, Max 85m), 20-30m detection radius, directional detection of targets within 20°; effective signals can be obtained for abnormal bodies with a minimum size of 20cm to 50cm, taking into account the occurrence and filling conditions of the structure. Thus, the scale and distribution characteristics of the underground structure can be evaluated.

[0022] 2. Three-dimensional imaging, multiple imaging display modes.

[0023] 3. Multi-frequency (both high and low frequencies), with azimuth information and circular scanning detection.

[0024] 4. Special multi-component receiving sensor, the data of each component can reflect the geological structure information in different directions

[0025] 5. Special material potting: The overall waterproof capability of the instrument is IP68 - the overall epoxy potting technology is adopted to ensure direct contact with the formation and obtain the original signal.

[0026] 6. From "one-hole view" to "one-hole vision"; achieve a balance between "resolution" and "detection distance".

[0027] 7. Simple structure, easy to implement, miniaturized instruments and equipment, low cost, and fast data interpretation.

[0028] 8. Real-time in-situ logging is carried out after sampling in the drilling hole; it can detect the stratum properties, structural distribution, boulders, cracks, holes, aquifers, gas-bearing layers, goafs, etc. in front of the tunnel face in real time while drilling.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes a data processing module, which determines the type and distribution of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face according to the acoustic wave propagation speed and amplitude information of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face in step S3, and constructs a three-dimensional model.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Building a three-dimensional model based on the test results allows construction workers to visualize the geological distribution of the tunnel construction area, facilitates the formulation of construction plans, and improves the efficiency of safe construction.

[0031] Furthermore, it also includes a display module, which is used to display the three-dimensional model.

[0032] Further, a geophysical exploration while drilling device is used to detect the geology under the tunnel face through steps S1-S5, and the geophysical exploration while drilling device includes:

[0033] Drill bit: The drill bit is used for drilling the tunnel face;

[0034] Transmitting sound system frame: the drill bit is rotatably connected to one side of the transmitting sound system frame, and the transmitting sound system frame is equipped with a sound wave transmitter for transmitting sound waves to detect geological conditions;

[0035] Transmitting transducer: installed at the other end of the transmitting sound system frame, used to supply energy to the sound wave transmitter;

[0036] Sound insulator: The sound insulator is installed at the other end of the transmitting transducer to isolate noise;

[0037] Receiving circuit: The receiving circuit is used to receive the reflected sound wave signal for processing by the data processing module;

[0038] Rechargeable energy system: used to power the receiving circuit and the sound wave transmitter;

[0039] Extended drill pipe section: set at the end away from the drill bit, used to extend the penetration distance of the drill bit.

[0040] Beneficial effects: The use of a geophysical exploration device while drilling can easily carry out drilling and detection work. It saves manpower and material resources. In this solution, the geophysical exploration device while drilling is combined with the drill bit, which can complete the detection work while drilling. Compared with the traditional mode of drilling first and then entering the detection equipment, it saves operation time and also avoids the problem of drilling collapse, which makes the later detection equipment unable to penetrate deeper.

[0041] Furthermore, it also includes a buffer part, which is rotatably connected to the drill bit and is arranged between the drill bit and the transmitting sound system skeleton; and is used to offset the vibration generated by the drill bit.

[0042] Beneficial effect: Offset the vibration of the drill bit and reduce the impact on the sonic transmitter.

[0043] Furthermore, the buffer portion contains a flexible material at one end close to the transmitting sound system skeleton, and the buffer portion also includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramics, which are arranged close to the drill bit and are used to generate a first voltage when the drill bit vibrates. The buffer portion also includes an energy collection circuit, which is used to collect the first voltage and convert energy to form a trigger power supply; the buffer portion also includes a single-chip microcomputer, which is connected in series with the trigger power supply and is used to obtain the voltage value of the trigger power supply. If the voltage value reaches a first threshold value and decays to zero, a start signal is triggered, and the transmitting sound system skeleton emits a sound wave to start detection.

[0044] Beneficial effects: The vibration energy of the drill bit is converted into electrical energy, and the single-chip microcomputer is triggered to send out a corresponding control signal, so that the acoustic wave transmitter integrated in the acoustic system transmitting skeleton and the receiver integrated in the recovery circuit send out and receive signals; this solution can complete the transmission and reception of acoustic wave signals while drilling, without the need for additional detection tools. After the drilling is completed, the detection device is placed in the hole for detection, saving time and improving efficiency. The detected signals are analyzed by the data processing module to simulate the geological distribution, so that detection can be accurately performed in geologically complex areas. It solves the problem of inaccurate detection results during drilling detection, saves detection time, and improves detection efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, during the drilling process, when the voltage value of the trigger power supply reaches the second threshold value and is maintained for more than 5 seconds, the pathfinding signal is triggered, the transmitting sound system skeleton emits sound waves, the receiving circuit receives the transmitted sound waves in real time, and the data processing module begins to process the received data and calculate the geological distribution of the current direction of travel. If the rock area in the direction of travel exceeds the threshold, the excavation is suspended, a new detection route is planned, and the drilling is repeated; if the rock area in the direction of travel cannot be avoided, the shortest path through the rock area is calculated to perform drilling and detection.

[0046] Beneficial effects: In rocky areas, the excavation speed is slow, and the drill bit and rock will collide violently, that is, large vibrations will be generated during the drilling process. At this time, the voltage value of the trigger power supply will increase and reach the second threshold. The single-chip microcomputer will control the sound wave transmitter and receiver to start, and the data processing module will analyze the geological distribution of the current path in real time and evaluate it according to the geological distribution. If there are many rocks on the route, it may be time-consuming and labor-intensive to continue excavating. In addition, this drilling is only for detection, not direct excavation. The drilling tools used are different from the excavation tools, and their effectiveness is not as good as the tools for later excavation. Therefore, if there is a large rock area that needs to be broken through, it may be relatively easy for the excavation tools to complete, but it will be difficult for the drilling tools. Therefore, if a large amount of rocks are detected ahead, but they can be bypassed by replanning the route, the drilling will be stopped in time and a new route will be prepared for excavation. If the rock area is unavoidable, the route with the least rock area can also be selected for detection. During tunnel excavation, it is difficult to determine the geological conditions of deeper areas only through ground detection means, such as radar. That is, the original ground measurement means can only detect the geological conditions of the initial drilling distance. The rock area of ​​the first stage can be avoided through ground detection, but when entering a place outside the ground detection range, the actual geological conditions cannot be known. That is, after the voltage reaches the second threshold, a detection can be carried out to analyze the geological conditions at that place, and combined with the geological conditions of the ground detection, a suitable excavation route can be planned based on the combination of the two measurement results, saving time.

[0047] The geophysical exploration while drilling device of this scheme can not only detect the geological conditions below the tunnel face after reaching the designated location (tunnel face), but also make reasonable adjustments to the drilling route during the drilling process, saving time and efficiency and reducing the wear of the drill bit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the method steps of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a geophysical exploration while drilling device;

[0050] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the drill bit and the transmitting acoustic system skeleton;

[0051] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of the middle cylinder and airbag

[0052] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0053] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. Extended drill rod section; 2. Rechargeable energy system; 3. Receiving circuit; 4. Sound insulator; 5. Transmitting transducer; 6. Transmitting sound system skeleton; 7. Drill bit; 8. Face; 9. Buffer part; 91. Flexible material; 92. Piezoelectric ceramics; 93. Cylinder; 94. Push rod; 95. Airbag; 96. Return spring; 97. Bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0055] A tunnel geophysical exploration device and method while drilling, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step S1: Select a specific position of the tunnel face 8 and use laser positioning to drill forward using a drill rod;

[0057] Step S2: After the drill pipe drills forward, the transmitting transducer 5 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to generate sound waves, which propagate in the stratum in front of the poor tunnel face 8 and are finally collected, received and stored by the receiving system;

[0058] Step S3: After the collected data is processed, the acoustic wave propagation velocity and amplitude information of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face 8 can be obtained, which is used to evaluate the stratum characteristics in front of the tunnel face 8; it also includes a data processing module, which determines the type and distribution of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face 8 according to the acoustic wave propagation velocity and amplitude information of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face 8, and constructs a three-dimensional model. It also includes a display module, which is used to display the three-dimensional model.

[0059] Step S4: lengthen the drill rod section 1 from the tunnel face 8, use laser positioning to locate the drilling direction, angle, distance and other parameters, and drill forward; repeat step S2 to form a cycle;

[0060] Step S5: After reaching the required detection distance depth, the tunnel face 8 is excavated, the pipe section is taken out, and after excavating forward a certain distance, step S1 is repeated.

[0061] The geology under the tunnel face 8 is detected by using a geophysical exploration device while drilling through steps S1-S5, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, the geophysical exploration while drilling device comprises:

[0062] Drill bit 7: the drill bit 7 is used for drilling to the tunnel face 8;

[0063] Transmitting sound system skeleton 6: the drill bit 7 is rotatably connected to one side of the transmitting sound system skeleton 6, and the transmitting sound system skeleton 6 has a built-in sound wave transmitter for transmitting sound waves to detect geological conditions;

[0064] Transmitting transducer 5: installed at the other end of the transmitting sound system frame 6, used to supply energy to the sound wave transmitter;

[0065] Sound insulator 4: the sound insulator 4 is installed at the other end of the transmitting transducer 5 to isolate noise;

[0066] Receiving circuit 3: The receiving circuit 3 is used to receive the reflected sound wave signal for processing by the data processing module;

[0067] Rechargeable energy system 2: used to power the receiving circuit 3 and the sound wave transmitter;

[0068] The extended drill rod section 1 is arranged at the end away from the drill bit 7 and is used to extend the penetration distance of the drill bit 7 .

[0069] It also includes a buffer part 9, which is rotatably connected to the drill bit 7 and is arranged between the drill bit 7 and the transmitting sound system skeleton 6; it is used to offset the vibration generated by the drill bit 7. The drill bit 7, the buffer part 9, the transmitting sound system skeleton 6, the transmitting transducer 5, the sound insulator 4, the receiving circuit 3, the rechargeable power supply system, and the lengthened drill rod section 1 are installed in sequence. Among them, the transmitting sound system skeleton 6 is mainly a sound wave transmitter, which emits sound waves to detect the underground medium. The receiving circuit 3 mainly includes a sound wave receiver to receive the reflected sound waves. The data processing module uses an i5 12400f CPU chip to analyze the received data, and then calculates the distribution of the underground medium and makes a three-dimensional model for construction personnel to view.

[0070] The buffer part 9 contains a flexible material at one end close to the transmitting sound system skeleton. In this scheme, foam or rubber is selected. The buffer part also includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramics. The piezoelectric ceramics are arranged close to the drill bit and are used to generate a first voltage when the drill bit vibrates. The buffer part also includes an energy collection circuit. The energy collection circuit is used to collect the first voltage and convert energy to form a trigger power supply. The buffer part also includes a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer is connected in series with the trigger power supply to obtain the voltage value of the trigger power supply. If the voltage value reaches the first threshold and decays to zero, a start signal is triggered, and the transmitting sound system skeleton emits sound waves to start detection. That is, when the drill bit advances to the specified position (the face), the drill bit stops rotating, and the voltage of the trigger power supply will decay to 0 at this time. The test can be known to be in place and the measurement can be started.

[0071] Embodiment 2

[0072] The single chip microcomputer is also used to monitor the voltage value in the energy collection circuit. During the drilling process, when the voltage value of the trigger power supply reaches the second threshold value and is maintained for more than 5 seconds, the pathfinding signal is triggered, the transmitting sound system skeleton emits sound waves, and the receiving circuit receives the transmitted sound waves in real time. The data processing module starts to process the received data and calculates the geological distribution of the current direction of travel. If the rock area in the direction of travel exceeds the threshold value, the excavation is suspended, a new detection route is planned, and the drilling is re-drilled; if the rock area in the direction of travel cannot be avoided, the shortest path through the rock area is calculated, and drilling and detection are carried out. When the voltage value reaches the second threshold value, the data processing module performs real-time three-dimensional modeling based on the recovered sound wave signal. If a rock area exceeding the threshold value is found in the predetermined excavation direction, the drill bit 7 is suspended from continuing to excavate, and the data processing module constructs a new straight drilling detection route based on the three-dimensional modeling. During the initial drilling, it may be impossible to know the underground medium conditions. Some hard objects such as rocks may appear on the original drilling route, affecting the drilling efficiency. When drilling into the rock area, the vibration increases and the voltage in the energy collection circuit increases. When it reaches the second threshold, it indicates that this is a rock area. After analyzing the detected signal, the geological distribution on the established drilling route can be known. If there are only a small amount of rock on the excavation route, and the route initially planned by the construction personnel happens to face the rock area, and there are many unavoidable rock distributions in the future, the route can be replanned based on real-time modeling. Although the underground conditions can be detected from the ground through radar and other equipment before construction, at a high depth, the radar detection data may be affected, resulting in an inability to accurately judge the underground conditions. The present solution adopts the technology of drilling and detecting, which can accurately and quickly obtain the actual situation of the adverse geological distribution. It can not only analyze the underground geological distribution of the given area (below the face 8), but also detect the route of the detection drilling and provide modification plans, thereby improving the efficiency of drilling, thereby improving the drilling efficiency, and also avoiding problems such as wear of the drill bit 7.

[0073] Embodiment 3

[0074] The difference between the third embodiment and the second embodiment is that: Figure 3 and attached Figure 4As shown, the buffer part 9 is a shell, which is sleeved outside the drill rod of the drill bit 7. A bearing 97 is arranged between the buffer part 9 and the drill rod. The bearing 97 is wrapped with a flexible material 91. In this scheme, rubber is used. The interior of the buffer part 9 close to the drill bit 7 is a cavity. The piezoelectric ceramic 92 is fixed at one end of the cavity close to the flexible material 91. Only one piezoelectric ceramic 92 is arranged. A cylinder 93 and a push rod 94 are arranged in the cavity. The movable end of the push rod 94 extends out of the cylinder 93; the other end extends into the cylinder 93 and is slidably connected with the cylinder 93. The movable end of the push rod 94 faces the piezoelectric ceramic 92. An airbag 95 is connected to the bottom of the cylinder 93. The airbag 95 is sleeved outside the drill rod. The airbag 95 and the drill rod are blocked by the shell of the buffer part 9 and are not in direct contact. The airbag 95 fills the remaining cavity area except the area above the cylinder 93 and the area where the piezoelectric ceramic 92 is located. The push rod 94 is in an I-shape, and a reset spring 96 is fixed between the lower movable end and the cylinder 93 for resetting the push rod 94 and controlling the cylinder 93 to be in an initial position so that the push rod 94 does not contact the piezoelectric ceramic 92 .

[0075] When vibration occurs, the airbag 95 is deformed, pushing the push rod 94 to contact the piezoelectric ceramic 92, thereby generating voltage. When the vibration is greater, the deformation of the airbag 95 is greater, and the voltage generated by the piezoelectric ceramic 92 is greater. In this solution, some protruding particles can be added between the inner wall surface of the buffer part 9 and the airbag 95 to amplify the compression of the airbag 95 by the vibration. When the vibration disappears, the reset spring 96 quickly pulls the push rod 94 back to its original position.

[0076] This solution gathers the vibration of the drill bit 7 in the cylinder 93 through the deformation of the airbag 95 and applies it to the piezoelectric ceramic 92. Firstly, it can accurately measure the vibration changes of the drill bit 7 during operation. Moreover, this solution only requires one piece of piezoelectric ceramic 92. Compared with the traditional solution of setting up multiple pieces and then stacking them, it uses less material and the detection data is more accurate.

[0077] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel drilling geophysical exploration device, characterized in that: include: Drill bit: The drill bit is used for drilling to the face of the tunnel; Transmitting sound system frame: the drill bit is rotatably connected to one side of the transmitting sound system frame, and the transmitting sound system frame is equipped with a sound wave transmitter for transmitting sound waves to detect geological conditions; Transmitting transducer: installed at the other end of the transmitting sound system frame, used to supply energy to the sound wave transmitter; Sound insulator: The sound insulator is installed at the other end of the transmitting transducer to isolate noise; Receiving circuit: The receiving circuit is used to receive the reflected sound wave signal for processing by the data processing module; Rechargeable energy system: used to power the receiving circuit and the sound wave transmitter; Extended drill rod section: set at the end away from the drill bit, used to extend the penetration distance of the drill bit; It also includes a buffer part, which is rotatably connected to the drill bit and is arranged between the drill bit and the transmitting sound system frame; and is used to offset the vibration generated by the drill bit; The buffer part contains a flexible material at one end close to the transmitting sound system skeleton. The buffer part also includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramics. The piezoelectric ceramics are arranged close to the drill bit and are used to generate a first voltage when the drill bit vibrates. The buffer part also includes an energy collection circuit. The energy collection circuit is used to collect the first voltage and convert energy to form a trigger power supply. The buffer part also includes a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer is connected in series with the trigger power supply to obtain the voltage value of the trigger power supply. If the voltage value reaches a first threshold value and decays to zero, a start signal is triggered, and the transmitting sound system skeleton emits a sound wave to start detection.

2. A tunnel geophysical exploration while drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the drilling process, when the voltage value of the trigger power supply reaches the second threshold and is maintained for more than 5 seconds, the pathfinding signal is triggered, the transmitting sound system skeleton emits sound waves, the receiving circuit receives the transmitted sound waves in real time, and the data processing module begins to process the received data and calculate the geological distribution of the current direction of travel. If the rock area in the direction of travel exceeds the threshold, the excavation is suspended, a new detection route is planned, and the drilling is repeated; if the rock area in the direction of travel cannot be avoided, the shortest path through the rock area is calculated for drilling and detection.

3. A tunnel drilling geophysical exploration method, using a tunnel drilling geophysical exploration device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Select a specific position of the tunnel face and use laser positioning to drill forward using a drill rod; Step S2: After the drill pipe drills forward, the transmitting transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to generate sound waves. The sound waves propagate in the surrounding rock of the formation around the borehole, encounter reflections from adverse geological bodies, and are finally collected, received, and stored by the receiving system. Step S3: After the collected data is processed, the acoustic wave propagation velocity and amplitude information of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face can be obtained, which is used to evaluate the stratum characteristics in front of the tunnel face; Step S4: lengthen the drill rod section from the tunnel face, use laser positioning to locate the drilling direction, angle, and distance parameters, and drill forward; repeat step S2 to form a cycle; Step S5: After reaching the required detection distance depth, pull out the drill rod, take out the pipe section, dig forward a predetermined distance, and repeat step S1.

4. A tunnel geophysical exploration while drilling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method further comprises a data processing module, which determines the type and distribution of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face according to the acoustic wave propagation velocity and amplitude information of the stratum medium in front of the tunnel face in step S3, and constructs a three-dimensional model.

5. A tunnel geophysical exploration while drilling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a display module, which is used to display the three-dimensional model.

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