Multi-frequency base station antenna

Abstract

The present application relates to a multi-frequency base station antenna. Compared with the L-shaped array scheme and the cross array scheme in the related art, under the premise of keeping the longitudinal length unchanged, the fourth radiating unit, the first second radiating unit, and the first first radiating unit to the N-1th first radiating unit are combined to form a first array; the third radiating unit, the Nth first radiating unit, and the second second radiating unit to the Nth second radiating unit are combined to form a second array. The first array and the second array each have an additional radiating unit, which can correspondingly increase the equivalent aperture in the horizontal plane direction, improve the antenna directivity coefficient, and thus improve the antenna gain. At the same time, the horizontal plane beam convergence of the antenna can be effectively improved by setting a gradient power distribution. In addition, compared with the bridge multiplexing scheme in the related art, since there is no 90° phase difference of the bridge, the antenna aperture efficiency is higher and the beam deflection is extremely small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular to a multi-frequency base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] To conserve site and antenna resources, multi-band shared antennas have become the mainstream of current base station antennas and are rapidly evolving toward wider bandwidths and a greater number of frequency bands. Currently, mainstream multi-band shared antennas must support the integration of multiple frequency bands, such as 690MHz-960MHz / 1427MHz-2690MHz / 3300MHz-3800MHz. However, multi-band shared antennas face challenges such as poor horizontal beam convergence, decreased directivity, and reduced gain. This is particularly true for multi-band shared antennas that combine dual low-band (2×690MHz-960MHz) and four high-band (2×1427MHz-2690MHz / 2×1695MHz-2690MHz). Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the existing technology and provide a multi-frequency base station antenna, which can effectively improve the horizontal plane beam convergence of the antenna, enhance the directivity coefficient, and thus enhance the antenna gain, and has a smaller beam deflection.

[0004] A multi-frequency base station antenna, comprising:

[0005] N first radiation units, the N first radiation units are sequentially spaced apart along the first longitudinal axis Z1, where N is a natural number ≥ 3;

[0006] N second radiation units, the N second radiation units are sequentially spaced apart along a second longitudinal axis Z2 parallel to the first longitudinal axis Z1;

[0007] a third radiation unit and a fourth radiation unit, wherein the third radiation unit and the fourth radiation unit are longitudinally spaced apart and arranged between the first longitudinal axis Z1 and the second longitudinal axis Z2, the third radiation unit is located between the first first radiation unit and the first second radiation unit, and the fourth radiation unit is located between the Nth first radiation unit and the Nth second radiation unit;

[0008] Among them, the fourth radiation unit, the first second radiation unit and the first first radiation unit to the N-1th first radiation unit are combined to form a first array; the third radiation unit, the Nth first radiation unit and the second second radiation unit to the Nth second radiation unit are combined to form a second array.

[0009] In one embodiment, positions of the first radiation units and the second radiation units correspond to each other, and the first radiation units and the second radiation units that correspond to each other are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis Z1.

[0010] In one embodiment, a line connecting the center of the first of the first radiation units and the center of the first of the second radiation units is set as a first reference line X1, and the center position of the third radiation unit is located on the first reference line X1 or on any side of the first reference line X1;

[0011] The line connecting the center of the Nth first radiation unit and the center of the Nth second radiation unit is set as the second reference line X2, and the center position of the fourth radiation unit is located on the second reference line X2 or on either side of the second reference line X2.

[0012] In one embodiment, each of the first radiation units and each of the second radiation units are symmetrically arranged about the third longitudinal axis Z3, and the center position of the third radiation unit is located on the third longitudinal axis Z3 or on either side of the third longitudinal axis Z3; the center position of the fourth radiation unit is located on the third longitudinal axis Z3 or on either side of the third longitudinal axis Z3.

[0013] In one embodiment, the fourth radiation unit and at least one of the first second radiation units are set to a gradual power distribution that decreases as the frequency increases; and / or, the third radiation unit and at least one of the Nth first radiation units are set to a gradual power distribution that decreases as the frequency increases.

[0014] In one embodiment, the multi-frequency base station antenna further includes at least one third array; the third array includes a plurality of fifth radiation units sequentially arranged in a direction parallel to the first longitudinal axis Z1.

[0015] In one embodiment, the third array is arranged in four columns; two columns of the third array are respectively located on opposite sides of the first array, and the other two columns of the third array are respectively located on opposite sides of the second array.

[0016] In one embodiment, the four columns of the third array are used to receive and radiate electromagnetic waves in a working frequency range of 1427 MHz to 2690 MHz.

[0017] In one embodiment, the operating frequency range of the first array and the second array for receiving and radiating electromagnetic waves is 600 MHz-960 MHz.

[0018] In one embodiment, the multi-frequency base station antenna further includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network; the first feeding network is electrically connected to the first array, and the second feeding network is electrically connected to the second array.

[0019] In one embodiment, the multi-frequency base station antenna also includes a support plate, and N of the first radiation units, N of the second radiation units, the third radiation unit and the fourth radiation unit are all arranged on the support plate; the support plate is a metal reflective plate or a PCB board.

[0020] Compared with the L-shaped array scheme and the cross array scheme in the related art, the above-mentioned multi-frequency base station antenna, while maintaining the longitudinal length unchanged, the fourth radiating unit, the first second radiating unit, and the first first radiating unit to the N-1th first radiating unit are combined to form a first array; the third radiating unit, the Nth first radiating unit, and the second second radiating unit to the Nth second radiating unit are combined to form a second array. The first array and the second array each have an additional radiating unit, which can correspondingly increase the equivalent aperture in the horizontal plane direction, improve the antenna directivity coefficient, and thus improve the antenna gain. At the same time, the setting of gradient power allocation can effectively improve the horizontal plane beam convergence of the antenna. In addition, compared with the bridge multiplexing scheme in the related art, since there is no 90° phase difference of the bridge, the antenna aperture efficiency is higher and the beam deflection is extremely small. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of two L-shaped antenna arrays arranged in an array according to an embodiment of the related art.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of two cross-arranged antenna arrays in an embodiment of the related art.

[0023] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an antenna array for bridge multiplexing according to an embodiment of the related art.

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-band base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a multi-band base station antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a multi-frequency base station antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a multi-frequency base station antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 8 It is the horizontal plane pattern of the linear array in the related art.

[0029] Figure 9 This is the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the multi-band base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] 10. Support plate; 20. First radiation unit; 30. Second radiation unit; 40. Third radiation unit; 50. Fourth radiation unit; 60. Third array; 61. Fifth radiation unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] As described in the background art, the multi-frequency shared antenna in the related art faces problems such as poor horizontal beam convergence, decreased directivity coefficient and gain. The inventors have found that the reason for this problem is that in the related art, Figure 1 The diagram shows a structure of two L-shaped antenna arrays arranged in an array, where one L-shaped antenna array is shown by a solid line R and the other L-shaped antenna array is shown by a dotted line T. The two L-shaped antenna arrays are rotationally symmetric, and are referred to as an L-shaped array scheme. Figure 2 The schematic diagram shows the structure of two cross-arranged antenna arrays, one of which is shown as a solid line R, and the other is shown as a dotted line T. The cross position is as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The top part shown is referred to as the cross array scheme; Figure 3 The structure of the antenna array of bridge multiplexing is shown in FIG. 1 , where one antenna array is shown as a solid line R and the other antenna array is shown as a dotted line T. The bridge multiplexing position is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 The bottom part is referred to as the bridge multiplexing array scheme. Figure 1 The L-shaped array scheme shown and the attached Figure 2 The cross array schemes shown can improve the horizontal beam convergence of the antenna, but due to the low utilization rate of the equivalent aperture, the directivity coefficient and gain are not improved compared to the linear array. Figure 3The bridge multiplexing array scheme shown can also improve the horizontal plane beam convergence of the antenna. Although the left / right antenna arrays both have an additional multiplexing unit, the antenna aperture efficiency is reduced due to the 90° phase difference between the two output ports of the bridge. In addition, the binary array composed of the multiplexing units produces beam skew, resulting in large horizontal plane beam skew in the left / right arrays, which in turn affects the sector coverage effect of the multi-frequency base station antenna. Therefore, this scheme also has obvious defects.

[0033] Based on the above reasons, the present application provides a multi-frequency base station antenna, which can effectively improve the horizontal plane beam convergence of the antenna, enhance the directivity coefficient, and thus enhance the antenna gain, and has a technical solution with smaller beam deflection.

[0034] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency base station antenna in one embodiment of the present application is shown. An embodiment of the present application provides a multi-frequency base station antenna, which includes: N first radiating units 20, N second radiating units 30, a third radiating unit 40, and a fourth radiating unit 50. The N first radiating units 20 are arranged in sequence along the direction of the first longitudinal axis Z1, where N is a natural number ≥ 3. The N second radiating units 30 are arranged in sequence along the direction of the second longitudinal axis Z2 parallel to the first longitudinal axis Z1. Specifically, the positions of each first radiating unit 20 and each second radiating unit 30 correspond to each other, and the first radiating units 20 and second radiating units 30 with corresponding positions can be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis Z1, or can be offset in a direction perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis Z1. The third radiation unit 40 and the fourth radiation unit 50 are longitudinally spaced between the first longitudinal axis Z1 and the second longitudinal axis Z2. The third radiation unit 40 is located between the first first radiation unit 20 and the first second radiation unit 30, and the fourth radiation unit 50 is located between the Nth first radiation unit 20 and the Nth second radiation unit 30.

[0035] The fourth radiation unit 50, the first second radiation unit 30 and the first first radiation unit 20 to the N-1th first radiation unit 20 are combined to form a first array, that is, Figure 4 The third radiation unit 40, the N-th first radiation unit 20 and the second second radiation unit 30 to the N-th second radiation unit 30 are combined to form a second array, that is, Figure 4 Indicated by the dotted line T.

[0036] Among them, N first radiation units 20 are arranged as follows: Figure 4 The numbers 1, 2...N-1 and N are arranged in sequence; similarly, the N second radiation units 30 are arranged as follows Figure 4The numbers 1, 2...N-1 and N are arranged in sequence. N includes but is not limited to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 20, etc., and can be set according to actual needs. The first first radiation unit 20 refers to the first radiation unit 20 numbered 1, the N-1th first radiation unit 20 refers to the first radiation unit 20 numbered N-1, and the Nth first radiation unit 20 refers to the first radiation unit 20 numbered N; in addition, the first second radiation unit 30 refers to the second radiation unit 30 numbered 1, the N-1th second radiation unit 30 refers to the second radiation unit 30 numbered N-1, and the Nth second radiation unit 30 refers to the second radiation unit 30 numbered N.

[0037] Specifically, the multi-band base station antenna also includes a support plate 10. N first radiating elements 20, N second radiating elements 30, a third radiating element 40, and a fourth radiating element 50 are all mounted on the support plate 10, which combines the low-frequency radiating elements into an integrated structure. Specifically, in this embodiment, the support plate 10 is configured as a rectangular plate. The first longitudinal axis Z1 and the second longitudinal axis Z2 extend along the length of the rectangular plate, and the rectangular plate is symmetrically arranged about the third longitudinal axis Z3.

[0038] Compared with the L-shaped array scheme and the cross array scheme in the related art, the above-mentioned multi-frequency base station antenna, while maintaining the longitudinal length unchanged, the fourth radiating element 50, the first second radiating element 30, and the first first radiating element 20 to the N-1th first radiating element 20 are combined to form a first array; the third radiating element 40, the Nth first radiating element 20, and the second second radiating element 30 to the Nth second radiating element 30 are combined to form a second array. The first array and the second array each have an additional radiating element, which can correspondingly increase the equivalent aperture in the horizontal plane direction, improve the antenna directivity coefficient, and thus improve the antenna gain. At the same time, the horizontal plane beam convergence of the antenna can be effectively improved by setting a gradient power distribution. In addition, compared with the bridge multiplexing scheme in the related art, since there is no 90° phase difference of the bridge, the antenna aperture efficiency is higher and the beam deflection is extremely small.

[0039] See also Figures 4 to 6 In one embodiment, the line connecting the center of the first first radiation unit 20 and the center of the first second radiation unit 30 is set as the first reference line X1, and the center position of the third radiation unit 40 is located on the first reference line X1 (e.g. Figure 4 ) or any side of the first reference line X1 (as shown Figure 5 and Figure 6In addition, the line connecting the center of the N-th first radiation unit 20 and the center of the N-th second radiation unit 30 is set as the second reference line X2, and the center position of the fourth radiation unit 50 is located on the second reference line X2 (as shown in FIG. Figure 4 ) or on either side of the second reference line X2 (as shown Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown).

[0040] In other words, the third radiation unit 40 is arranged flush with the first radiation unit 20 and the first second radiation unit 30 respectively (eg Figure 4 as shown) or staggered along the third longitudinal axis Z3 direction (as shown Figure 5 and Figure 6 In addition, the fourth radiation unit 50 is arranged flush with the Nth first radiation unit 20 and the Nth second radiation unit 30 (as shown). Figure 4 as shown) or staggered along the third longitudinal axis Z3 direction (as shown Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown). According to actual simulation data, both flush arrangement and staggered arrangement along the third longitudinal axis Z3 have the effect of increasing gain and improving beam convergence. The specific array arrangement can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual electrical or structural requirements and is not limited here.

[0041] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first radiating elements 20 and the second radiating elements 30 are symmetrically arranged about the third longitudinal axis Z3. The center position of the third radiating element 40 is located on or on either side of the third longitudinal axis Z3. Similarly, the center position of the fourth radiating element 50 is located on or on either side of the third longitudinal axis Z3. Thus, during array formation, the center position of the third radiating element 40 can be fine-tuned along a direction perpendicular to the third longitudinal axis Z3 and near the third longitudinal axis Z3, depending on actual needs. The center position can be either on or offset from the third longitudinal axis Z3, thereby improving gain and beam convergence. Similarly, the center position of the fourth radiating element 50 can be fine-tuned along a direction perpendicular to the third longitudinal axis Z3 and near the third longitudinal axis Z3, depending on actual needs. The center position can be either on or offset from the third longitudinal axis Z3, thereby improving gain and beam convergence.

[0042] See also Figures 4 to 6 In one embodiment, the first array and the second array are rotationally symmetric. Specifically, the first array can completely overlap with the second array after rotating 180° around the center O of the support plate 10, or the second array can completely overlap with the first array after rotating 180° around the center O of the support plate 10.

[0043] See also Figures 4 to 6 In some embodiments, for the first array, each low-frequency radiating unit outside the first longitudinal axis Z1, that is, at least one of the fourth radiating unit 50 and the first second radiating unit 30, is set to a gradient power distribution that decreases with increasing frequency, so as to narrow the horizontal plane beam width of the low-frequency band of the first array and widen the horizontal plane beam width of the high-frequency band, thereby improving the horizontal plane beam convergence.

[0044] See also Figures 4 to 6 In some embodiments, for the second array, each low-frequency radiating unit outside the second longitudinal axis Z2, that is, the third radiating unit 40 and at least one of the Nth first radiating unit 20, is set to a gradient power distribution that decreases with increasing frequency, so as to narrow the horizontal plane beam width of the second array in the low frequency band and widen the horizontal plane beam width in the high frequency band, thereby improving the horizontal plane beam convergence.

[0045] In one embodiment, the ratio of the power allocation value of the low-frequency radiating unit at the lowest operating frequency to the power allocation value at the highest operating frequency for setting the gradient power allocation includes, but is not limited to, 1.5 to 500. The specific ratio can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0046] See also Figure 7 In one embodiment, the multi-frequency base station antenna further includes at least one third array 60. The third array 60 is disposed on the support plate 10. The third array 60 includes a plurality of fifth radiation elements 61 sequentially arranged in a direction parallel to the third longitudinal axis Z3.

[0047] See also Figure 7 In one embodiment, the third array 60 is arranged in four columns; two columns of the third array 60 are located on opposite sides of the first array, and the other two columns of the third array 60 are located on opposite sides of the second array. Specifically, each of the four corners of each of the first radiating elements 20 from the second to the (N-1)th first radiating elements 20 is provided with a corresponding fifth radiating element 61. Similarly, each of the four corners of each of the second to the (N-1)th second radiating elements 30 is provided with a corresponding fifth radiating element 61.

[0048] See also Figure 7 In one embodiment, the operating frequency range of each of the four columns of the third array 60 for receiving and radiating electromagnetic waves includes but is not limited to 1427 MHz-2690 MHz.

[0049] In one embodiment, the operating frequency range of the first array and the second array for receiving and radiating electromagnetic waves includes but is not limited to 600MHz-960MHz. Figures 4 to 7 Specifically, the operating frequency range of the first array and the second array for receiving and radiating electromagnetic waves is, for example, 690 MHz to 960 MHz.

[0050] In one embodiment, the multi-frequency base station antenna further includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network (not shown in the figure). The first feeding network is electrically connected to the first array, and the second feeding network is electrically connected to the second array.

[0051] In one embodiment, the support plate 10 includes but is not limited to a metal reflective plate or a PCB board.

[0052] See also Figures 4 to 7 In one embodiment, the N first radiation units 20 and the N second radiation units 30 are arranged symmetrically about the third longitudinal axis Z3.

[0053] See also Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 8 The horizontal plane radiation pattern of the dual low-frequency linear array in the related art is shown, wherein the operating frequency band of the low-frequency linear array is 690MHz-960MHz. Figure 9 The horizontal plane radiation pattern of the multi-frequency base station antenna of an embodiment of the present application is shown. The working frequency range of the first array and the second array for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves is, for example, 690MHz-960MHz. The first second radiating unit 30 is set to a gradual power distribution that decreases as the frequency increases, and the ratio of the power distribution value at 690MHz to the power distribution value at 960MHz is set to 5. Figure 8 It can be seen that the horizontal beam width is 97°-71°. Figure 9 It can be seen from the figure that the horizontal plane beam width is 69°-59°, the beam convergence is significantly improved, and the horizontal plane beam deflection tends to 0°.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0055] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0056] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, these terms may refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0057] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, if a first feature is described as being "above" or "below" a second feature, or similar descriptions, this may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is described as being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is described as being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0058] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiment.

[0059] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0060] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-frequency base station antenna, characterized in that: The multi-frequency base station antenna includes: N first radiation units, the N first radiation units are sequentially spaced apart along the first longitudinal axis Z1, where N is a natural number ≥ 3; N second radiation units, the N second radiation units are sequentially spaced apart along a second longitudinal axis Z2 parallel to the first longitudinal axis Z1; a third radiation unit and a fourth radiation unit, wherein the third radiation unit and the fourth radiation unit are longitudinally spaced apart and arranged between the first longitudinal axis Z1 and the second longitudinal axis Z2, the third radiation unit is located between the first first radiation unit and the first second radiation unit, and the fourth radiation unit is located between the Nth first radiation unit and the Nth second radiation unit; Among them, the fourth radiation unit, the first second radiation unit and the first first radiation unit to the N-1th first radiation unit are combined to form a first array; the third radiation unit, the Nth first radiation unit and the second second radiation unit to the Nth second radiation unit are combined to form a second array.

2. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positions of the first radiation units and the second radiation units correspond to each other, and the first radiation units and the second radiation units that correspond to each other are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis Z1.

3. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: A line connecting the center of the first first radiation unit and the center of the first second radiation unit is set as a first reference line X1, and the center position of the third radiation unit is located on the first reference line X1 or on any one side of the first reference line X1; The line connecting the center of the Nth first radiation unit and the center of the Nth second radiation unit is set as the second reference line X2, and the center position of the fourth radiation unit is located on the second reference line X2 or on either side of the second reference line X2.

4. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the first radiation units and each of the second radiation units are symmetrically arranged about the third longitudinal axis Z3, and the center position of the third radiation unit is located on the third longitudinal axis Z3 or on either side of the third longitudinal axis Z3; the center position of the fourth radiation unit is located on the third longitudinal axis Z3 or on either side of the third longitudinal axis Z3.

5. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth radiation unit and at least one of the first second radiation units are set to a gradual power distribution that decreases as the frequency increases; and / or, the third radiation unit and at least one of the Nth first radiation units are set to a gradual power distribution that decreases as the frequency increases.

6. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-frequency base station antenna further includes at least one third array; the third array includes a plurality of fifth radiation units sequentially arranged in a direction parallel to the first longitudinal axis Z1.

7. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The third array is arranged in four columns; two columns of the third array are respectively located on two opposite sides of the first array, and the other two columns of the third array are respectively located on two opposite sides of the second array.

8. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The operating frequency range of the fourth-column third array for receiving and radiating electromagnetic waves is 1427 MHz to 2690 MHz.

9. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first array and the second array are used to receive and radiate electromagnetic waves in a working frequency range of 600 MHz to 960 MHz.

10. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-frequency base station antenna further includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network; the first feeding network is electrically connected to the first array, and the second feeding network is electrically connected to the second array.

11. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The multi-frequency base station antenna also includes a support plate, and the N first radiation units, the N second radiation units, the third radiation unit and the fourth radiation unit are all arranged on the support plate; the support plate is a metal reflective plate or a PCB board.

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