Apparatus for making multi-component fibers and methods of using the same

Abstract

This invention provides an apparatus and method for preparing multi-component fibers. The apparatus includes a spinning head, a liquid return assembly, and a spinning device. The spinning head includes at least a liquid supply assembly and a liquid inlet tube assembly. The liquid supply assembly includes at least a solution channel assembly. At least two liquid outlets are provided at the top of the liquid supply assembly. The liquid inlet tube assembly is connected to the liquid outlets via the solution channel assembly. The number of solution channels in the solution channel assembly and the number of liquid inlet tubes in the liquid inlet tube assembly correspond to the number of liquid outlets. Each liquid outlet is used to extrude the spinning solution from the corresponding solution channel. The spinning device is connected to the spinning head to obtain the desired product. The liquid return assembly is used to recover the remaining spinning solution. This apparatus utilizes an electric field and a liquid return assembly to achieve the preparation of multi-component fibers without high-temperature conditions, improving fiber preparation efficiency and resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated building technology, specifically providing an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers and a method for using it. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional methods for preparing multi-component fibers typically employ sol-spinning or melt spinning techniques; however, these methods have several limitations. Sol-spinning requires a high-concentration solution to produce fibers, and also presents problems related to solution evaporation and environmental pollution. Melt spinning, on the other hand, requires high temperatures to melt the polymer, making it unsuitable for materials with high melting points or those insoluble in solvents.

[0003] Electrospinning is a method of spinning fibers using an electric field. In this technology, a high voltage is applied to a polymer solution or melt, and the electric field forces the solution or melt out of a nozzle to form fibers. However, existing electrospinning equipment forms fibers one by one, resulting in relatively low yields and slow production speeds, making it unsuitable for large-scale production.

[0004] Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a new method for preparing multi-component fibers to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention is proposed to provide a solution to the above problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, comprising: a spinning head, a liquid return assembly, a spinning device, and a collecting electrode;

[0007] The spinning head includes at least a liquid supply assembly and a liquid inlet pipe assembly.

[0008] The liquid supply assembly includes at least: a solution channel group; a plurality of liquid outlet groups are provided on the top of the liquid supply assembly; each liquid outlet group includes at least 2 liquid outlets; the liquid inlet pipe group is connected to the liquid outlet group through the solution channel group, and each liquid outlet is used to squeeze out the spinning solution in the corresponding solution channel;

[0009] The spinning device is connected to the collecting electrode and the spinning head respectively, and is used to obtain the desired product;

[0010] The liquid return assembly is used to recover the remaining spinning solution.

[0011] In one technical solution of the above-mentioned apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, the liquid inlet pipe group includes at least two liquid inlet pipes, each of which contains a spinning solution, and the spinning solution is of at least two types.

[0012] The outlet simultaneously expels the spinning solution to form a composite spinning solution.

[0013] In one technical solution of the above-mentioned apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, the spinning apparatus includes a spinning electrode and a high-voltage power supply. The spinning electrode is connected to the high-voltage power supply, and the collecting electrode is connected to a ground electrode or to a potential opposite to that of the spinning electrode.

[0014] Different outlets spray different spinning solutions onto the spinning electrode in the spinning zone to form a composite solution of the two liquids.

[0015] In one technical solution of the above-mentioned apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, the liquid supply assembly further includes a solution pressurization assembly connected to the solution channel;

[0016] The solution pressurization assembly includes several solution pressurization zones, and the solution channel is connected to the outlet through the solution pressurization zones.

[0017] In one embodiment of the aforementioned apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, the cross-sectional area of ​​the solution channel is at least 1 cm². 2 ;

[0018] The solution pressurization zone has a gradually decreasing cross-section.

[0019] In one embodiment of the above-described apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, the spinning head further includes a base, which is detachably connected to the spinning head.

[0020] In one technical solution of the above-mentioned apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, the liquid return assembly includes a liquid return pipe and a waste liquid cleaning device;

[0021] The liquid return assembly is located below the spinning electrode;

[0022] The waste liquid cleaning device is used to scrape off the remaining spinning solution on the spinning electrode and the outlet before rotating it back to the outlet position, and let it flow into the return liquid assembly.

[0023] In one technical solution of the above-mentioned apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, the waste liquid cleaning device is fixedly installed on the top of the liquid supply assembly, and the outer contour of the waste liquid cleaning device is consistent with the outer contour of the spinning electrode.

[0024] In one technical solution of the above-mentioned apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, there are two liquid outlets;

[0025] The outlets are arranged in parallel along the length or circumferential direction of the spinning electrode, and different spinning solutions are sprayed onto the spinning area of ​​the spinning electrode to prepare parallel-arranged nanofibers or core-sheath structure nanofibers.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, comprising:

[0027] Based on the material of the fiber to be prepared, the material of the spinning solution is selected, and the number of inlet pipes and outlets in the inlet pipe group are selectively opened.

[0028] The selected spinning solution is injected into the corresponding inlet tube;

[0029] All the spinning solutions are extruded after reaching the outlet through the solution channel to form a composite solution.

[0030] The composite solution forms a composite solution jet under the action of an electric field.

[0031] The composite solution jet flies toward the spinning device under the action of an electric field force to obtain the prepared fiber;

[0032] The remaining spinning solution is recovered using a liquid recovery assembly.

[0033] The above-described technical solutions of the present invention have at least one or more of the following beneficial effects:

[0034] In implementing the technical solution of this invention, the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, comprising: a spinning head, a liquid return assembly, and a spinning device; the spinning head includes at least a liquid supply assembly and a liquid inlet pipe assembly, the liquid supply assembly including at least a solution channel assembly; the top of the liquid supply assembly is provided with at least two liquid outlets; the liquid inlet pipe assembly is connected to the liquid outlets through the solution channel assembly, the number of solution channels in the solution channel assembly and the number of liquid inlet pipes in the liquid inlet pipe assembly corresponding to the number of liquid outlets; each liquid outlet is used to extrude the spinning solution in the corresponding solution channel; the spinning device is connected to the spinning head for obtaining the desired product; the liquid return assembly is used to recover the remaining spinning solution. Compared with the prior art, it has the following technical effects:

[0035] This apparatus uses a low-concentration solution and an electric field to prepare multi-component fibers, and includes a spinning head, a liquid return assembly, and a spinning device. The spinning head supplies the low-concentration solution through a liquid supply assembly and an inlet pipe group, eliminating the need for high temperatures. The spinning device uses an electric field to eject the solution from multiple spinning electrodes, forming multi-component fibers. The liquid return assembly recovers any remaining spinning solution, allowing for solution reuse, reducing waste, and lowering production costs.

[0036] Specifically, the system features multiple outlets, each corresponding to a solution channel. This ensures that spinning solutions of different components are uniformly sprayed onto the spinning electrode, preventing mixing or uneven spraying between different component solutions. Furthermore, by simultaneously extruding the corresponding spinning solutions through multiple outlets, different solutions can be mixed to obtain a composite solution. This allows for flexible adjustment of component ratios and flow rates to meet the specific requirements of different products for the spinning solution, and also enables precise control of product performance.

[0037] Furthermore, the fresh solution coming out of the outlet can be directly sprayed onto the spinning electrode for spinning, which can ensure that the state of the spinning solution is consistent.

[0038] Furthermore, the spinning head can achieve self-cleaning of the spinning electrode at any time during operation, ensuring spinning stability and consistent nanofiber structure morphology.

[0039] Furthermore, by aligning the shape of the waste liquid cleaning device with the spinning electrode, space can be utilized more effectively, resulting in a compact device structure that maximizes the use of the area around the spinning electrode. Additionally, when the cleaning liquid needs to flow through the spinning electrode to remove waste and dirt adhering to it, a matching cleaning device can more easily guide the fluid to the electrode surface, ensuring thorough cleaning. Finally, a matching waste liquid cleaning device can better seal the area around the spinning electrode, thereby reducing the risk of liquid leakage or spillage. This helps maintain a clean and safe production environment.

[0040] Furthermore, the spinning head also includes a base, and the spinning head and the base are detachably connected to facilitate cleaning of the components inside the spinning head. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The disclosure of this invention will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, similar numbers in the drawings are used to denote similar components, wherein:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spinning electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid supply assembly and a liquid return assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid supply assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid supply assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid supply assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning device and liquid outlet according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spinning electrode and a cleaning device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two spinning electrodes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a parallel-arranged composite solution jet according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a structure for preparing parallel-arranged nanofibers according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for preparing core-sheath composite fiber spinning according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 14 This is an electron microscope image of polyacrylonitrile / polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers obtained by an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0058] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers in this embodiment of the invention includes: a spinning head 1, a liquid return assembly 1-2, and a spinning device;

[0061] The spinning head 1 includes at least a liquid supply assembly 1-1 and a liquid inlet pipe assembly 3.

[0062] like Figure 5-8 As shown, the liquid supply assembly 1-1 includes at least: a solution channel group; a plurality of liquid outlet groups are provided on the top of the liquid supply assembly 1-1; each liquid outlet group includes at least 2 liquid outlets; the liquid inlet pipe group 3 is connected to the liquid outlet group through the solution channel group, and each liquid outlet is used to squeeze out the spinning solution in the corresponding solution channel;

[0063] The spinning device is connected to the spinning head 1 and is used to obtain the desired product;

[0064] The liquid return assembly 1-2 is used to recover the remaining spinning solution.

[0065] In this embodiment, the spinning head 1 is used to generate the solution required for spinning. The spinning device, connected to the spinning head 1, is used to obtain the desired fiber product. Fiber formation and collection are achieved by controlling spinning process parameters such as spinning speed and temperature. The spinning head 1 has a length of at least 20 mm and has at least one spindle perpendicular to its length.

[0066] The liquid return assembly 1-2 is used to recover the remaining spinning solution to reduce waste. During the spinning process, some solution cannot be spun into fibers; this residual solution is collected by the recovery device for reuse or treatment. The liquid supply assembly 1-1 refers to the component in the equipment responsible for providing liquid supply. It is usually combined with the inlet pipe assembly 3, the solution channel assembly, and the outlet to form a liquid supply system.

[0067] The inlet pipe assembly 3 refers to the part consisting of pipes or channels that guide the raw liquid to the liquid supply assembly 1-1. It is usually connected to an external liquid storage container or supply system and delivers the liquid to the liquid supply assembly 1-1 through the pipes.

[0068] A solution channel assembly refers to a section of equipment consisting of pipes or channels responsible for distributing liquid supply to different parts or areas. It ensures that the liquid is evenly distributed to the required locations to meet the corresponding process requirements.

[0069] The outlet refers to the location or component from which liquid is discharged from the equipment. It is usually designed as an opening or pipe so that the liquid passing through the liquid supply component 1-1 and the solution channel group can flow smoothly out of the equipment.

[0070] When the spinning solution enters the supply assembly 1-1, it is delivered to different channels in the solution channel group through the inlet pipe group 3. Each channel is connected to an outlet group, and each outlet group has at least two outlets. This design ensures that each outlet group has a corresponding supply channel, thereby achieving a uniform spinning process. Furthermore, by setting multiple outlet groups, a more uniform solution supply can be achieved during spinning. Each outlet group has a corresponding solution channel; by adjusting the flow rate of each outlet group, the solution flow at each outlet can be made more uniform, resulting in fibers of uniform diameter. Multiple outlet groups can spin multiple fibers simultaneously. Through parallel operation, fiber yield and spinning speed can be greatly increased, thereby improving production efficiency. Finally, different spinning requirements may require different fiber diameters or different fiber structures. By setting several outlet groups, the flow rate of each outlet group can be selected and adjusted as needed to meet different spinning requirements.

[0071] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the liquid supply component 1-1 is located inside the liquid return component 1-2, dividing the interior of the spinning head 1 into two independent spaces. This effectively separates the functions of liquid supply and return, avoiding cross-contamination between the two. Secondly, it allows for better control of solution flow and circulation during the spinning process, improving operational stability and consistency. Furthermore, this partitioned design enables a reduction in the size of the spinning device, improving space utilization efficiency.

[0072] Furthermore, the material used for the liquid supply component 1-1 can be any material that is insoluble in the spinning solution and does not chemically react with the solution to affect its spinning properties, such as stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, etc. The material used for the liquid return component 1-2 can be any insulating material that is insoluble in the spinning solution and does not chemically react with the solution to affect its spinning properties, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, ceramics, quartz, etc.

[0073] In one embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe assembly 3 includes at least two liquid inlet pipes, each of which contains a spinning solution, and the spinning solution is of at least two types.

[0074] The outlet simultaneously expels the spinning solution to form a composite spinning solution.

[0075] In this embodiment, at least two different spinning solutions can be introduced into the inlet pipe assembly 3. Through the outlet, the different types of spinning solutions can be mixed simultaneously to form a composite spinning solution.

[0076] Furthermore, the outlet width is 0.05mm-3mm, and the length is 0.05mm-10mm;

[0077] In one embodiment, the spinning device includes a spinning electrode 2, a collecting electrode 9, and a high-voltage power supply. The spinning electrode 2 is connected to the high-voltage power supply, and the collecting electrode 9 is connected to a ground electrode or to a potential opposite to that of the spinning electrode 2.

[0078] Different outlets spray different spinning solutions onto the spinning electrode 2 to form a composite solution of the two liquids in the spinning zone.

[0079] In this embodiment, the spinning electrode 2 is connected to a high-voltage power supply to spray the solution onto the spinning area, thereby realizing the spinning process. The collecting electrode 9 collects the spun products formed during the spinning process. The collecting electrode 9 is typically connected to a ground electrode to ensure electrostatic balance. The high-voltage power supply provides energy for the spinning process; by connecting to the spinning electrode 2, it provides sufficient charge to the spinning electrode 2 to facilitate solution spraying and spinning. The distance between the liquid outlet and the spinning electrode 2 is preferably 0mm-5mm, and this distance is adjustable.

[0080] Furthermore, the diameter Φ of the spinning electrode 2 is between 1 mm and 40 mm; preferably 2 mm-10 mm. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the spinning electrode 2 is preferably axially symmetric in the shape of bamboo segments, with the thicker segments having a diameter of 2mm-30mm and the thinner segments having a diameter of 1-10mm, and the spacing between segments being 5-40mm. The spinning electrode 2 includes a first spinning zone 2-1, a second spinning zone 2-2, and a central shaft 2-3. During the spinning process, the spinning solution is extruded onto the first spinning zone 2-1, allowing the first spinning zone 2-1 to produce fibers. The second spinning zone 2-2 connects to the first spinning zones 2-1 and has a smaller diameter. However, the surface of the second spinning zone 2-2 is not extruded from the first spinning zone solution, therefore no fibers are produced there. Driving the central shaft 2-3 drives the entire spinning electrode to rotate.

[0081] like Figure 10 As shown, the spinning electrode 2 can also be cylindrical, elliptical, spherical, or disc-shaped, with a smooth surface or raised or grooved surfaces. Its axis is parallel to the length direction of the spinning head 1. The rotational speed of the spinning electrode 2 is between 0.1 and 50 rpm.

[0082] The spinning electrode 2 rotates around the central axis 2-3 to bring the spinning solution delivered from the outlet to the spinning zone for electrospinning. The solution of the spinning electrode 2 is continuously consumed, and eventually rotates to the opening to reload the solution. As the spinning electrode 2 rotates, continuous electrospinning is achieved.

[0083] Furthermore, the collecting electrode 9 can take various forms, including flat plates, mesh chains, textiles, or rollers; the distance between the spinning electrode 2 and the nanofiber collecting electrode 9 is between 100 mm and 500 mm.

[0084] In one embodiment, the liquid supply assembly 1-1 further includes a solution pressurization assembly in communication with the solution channel;

[0085] The solution pressurization assembly includes several solution pressurization zones, and the solution channel is connected to the outlet through the solution pressurization zones.

[0086] In this embodiment, the function of the solution pressurization component is to increase the pressure of the solution in the channel, thereby propelling the solution flow and extruding it from the outlet. The solution pressurization zone refers to a specific area within the solution pressurization component, whose primary function is to increase the pressure of the solution. These zones can employ different designs and structures to achieve solution pressurization.

[0087] Specifically, such as Figure 5-7 As shown, there are four solution pressurization zones and two solution channels: first solution pressurization zone 5-2, first solution pressurization zone 5-3, first solution pressurization zone 6-2, first solution pressurization zone 6-3, first solution channel 5-1, and second solution channel 6-1.

[0088] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the solution channel is at least 1 cm². 2 ;

[0089] The solution pressurization zone has a gradually decreasing cross-section.

[0090] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the solution channel is at least 1 square centimeter. This requirement is to ensure low-resistance transport of the solution within the channel, avoiding blockages or excessive narrowness that could lead to pressure loss. A larger cross-sectional area can also increase the solution flow rate and facilitate operation.

[0091] In the solution pressurization region, the cross-sectional area gradually decreases in size. This design increases pressure by increasing the solution flow rate, as the liquid flows through a smaller channel at a higher velocity, resulting in higher pressure and improved uniform distribution of the solution along the length of the electrode. This gradually decreasing cross-section also helps to stabilize and control the solution pressure.

[0092] The purpose of these two requirements is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of solution pressurization. By ensuring sufficient channel area and gradually decreasing cross-section, the pressure of the solution can be effectively increased to meet different application requirements.

[0093] Furthermore, the cross-section of the solution channel can be circular, square, or other shapes.

[0094] In one embodiment, the spinning head 1 further includes a base (not shown in the figure), which is detachably connected to the spinning head.

[0095] In this embodiment, the base plate of the spinning head is a movable component. During installation, it forms the liquid inlet pipe assembly, and during disassembly, the entire inner cavity can be cleaned. The spinning head and base plate are secured with screws. This ensures a stable connection between the spinning head and base plate while also facilitating disassembly and cleaning.

[0096] In one embodiment, the liquid return assembly 1-2 includes a liquid return pipe and a waste liquid cleaning device 7;

[0097] The liquid return assembly 1-2 is located below the spinning electrode 2;

[0098] The waste liquid cleaning device 7 is used to scrape off the remaining spinning solution on the spinning electrode 2 and the outlet before rotating back to the outlet position, and let it flow into the return liquid assembly 1-2.

[0099] In this embodiment, the return liquid pipe is a conduit connected to the spinning equipment, used to collect and transport the generated reflux liquid. During the spinning process, some liquid may flow back from the spinning electrode 2 or the liquid outlet. The return liquid pipe collects this reflux liquid and transports it to the return liquid assembly 1-2 for processing or recycling. The return liquid pipe can be designed with certain bends and flow guiding structures to ensure effective collection of the reflux liquid and its guidance to the return liquid assembly 1-2.

[0100] The waste liquid cleaning device 7 is an attachment to the spinning equipment used to clean residual solution or fibers from the spinning electrode 2 and the outlet. It may include cleaning tools such as scrapers or brushes to scrape the spinning solution or fibers from the spinning electrode 2 or the outlet and guide them to the return pipe. The waste liquid cleaning device 7 ensures that the surfaces of the spinning electrode 2 and the outlet remain clean, preventing solution residue and fiber accumulation, thereby reducing the risk of contamination and malfunction during the spinning process. The design and placement of the waste liquid cleaning device 7 should consider both cleaning effectiveness and ease of operation, allowing for convenient cleaning and maintenance of the spinning electrode 2 and the outlet at any time.

[0101] The return liquid assembly 1-2 has sufficient space inside to ensure that the waste liquid flows to the return liquid pipe 4. The return liquid assembly 1-2 is connected to the waste liquid cleaning device 7 through the bottom insulated return liquid pipe 4, and the remaining solution of spinning is recovered by the infusion pump.

[0102] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the waste liquid cleaning device 7 is fixedly installed on the top of the liquid supply assembly 1-1, and the outer contour of the waste liquid cleaning device 7 is consistent with the outer contour of the spinning electrode 2.

[0103] In this embodiment, the fixed installation of the waste liquid cleaning device 7 ensures its stability and does not interfere with the operation of other spinning equipment. The waste liquid cleaning device 7 has the same external profile as the spinning electrode 2 to ensure a tight fit between them, guaranteeing thorough cleaning of the surface of the spinning electrode 2. Furthermore, the consistent external profile may also help ensure that the waste liquid cleaning device 7 completely covers the surface of the spinning electrode 2, maximizing the removal of residual solution or fibers and thus improving the cleaning effect. The remaining solution on the spinning electrode 2 and the outlet flows through the housing of the supply assembly 1-1 to the bottom of the return assembly 1-2.

[0104] Furthermore, the distance between the waste liquid cleaning device 7 and the spinning electrode 2 is 0-0.5mm. The material of the waste liquid cleaning device 7 can be any hard material that does not dissolve in the spinning solution and does not react chemically with the solution to affect the spinning properties of the solution, such as stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, etc.

[0105] Furthermore, the upper end of the return liquid assembly 1-2 can be open or semi-closed, leaving out liquid outlets 5-4, 6-4 and waste liquid cleaning device 7.

[0106] In one embodiment, taking the preparation of a two-component nanofiber material as an example: Figure 11-13 As shown, there are two liquid outlets. The first liquid outlet 5-4 and the second liquid outlet 6-4 allow two different spinning solutions, first spinning solution 8-1 and second spinning solution 8-2, to pass through the first liquid inlet pipe 3-1, the second liquid inlet pipe 3-2, the first solution channel 5-1, and the second solution channel 6-1, respectively, to form a composite solution containing the two liquids from the first spinning region 2-1 coated on the spinning electrode 2. Under the action of an electric field, the composite solution forms a composite solution jet 8. This jet 8 flies towards the collecting electrode 9 under the influence of the electric field and is continuously stretched and thinned, ultimately forming composite nanofibers that are deposited on the collecting electrode 9.

[0107] The first liquid outlet 5-4 and the second liquid outlet 6-4 are arranged in parallel along the length or circumferential direction of the spinning electrode 2. Different spinning solutions are sprayed onto the spinning area of ​​the spinning electrode 2 to prepare parallel-arranged nanofibers or core-sheath structure nanofibers.

[0108] In this embodiment, when the spinning solution is sprayed onto the spinning area of ​​the spinning electrode 2, if the outlets are also arranged in parallel along the length of the spinning electrode 2, the spinning solution will flow along the direction of these outlets. This flow direction is consistent with the length of the spinning electrode 2, allowing fibers to be sprayed out parallel from different outlets. Because the outlets along the length of the spinning electrode 2 are evenly distributed, the spray velocity and position of the spinning solution are also consistent, thus forming a series of parallel-arranged fibers. These fibers approach each other and align in parallel during formation, ultimately forming nanofibers with a parallel arrangement structure.

[0109] During the spinning process, the spinning solution is coated onto the spinning area of ​​the spinning electrode 2 and sprayed out through the liquid outlet. When the liquid outlets are arranged in parallel along the circumferential direction of the spinning electrode 2, the spinning electrode 2 rotates through one liquid outlet first and then through another liquid outlet. By coating one layer of solution on the electrode and then coating another layer of solution on the liquid surface, nanofibers with a core-sheath structure can be prepared.

[0110] Next, spinning is performed using polyacrylonitrile polymer (PAN) with a weight-average molecular weight of 150,000, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a weight-average molecular weight of 1,300,000, and N,N-dimethylformamide solvent, with PAN solution concentration of 12% and PVP solution concentration of 12%. During spinning, a high-voltage power supply applies a high voltage to spinning electrode 2, generating a potential difference of 60 kV between spinning electrode 2 and collecting electrode 9.

[0111] During electrospinning, the PAN solution enters the first solution channel 5-1 from the inlet pipe 3-1, passes through the first solution pressurization zone 5-2 and the second solution pressurization zone 5-3, and is extruded from the first outlet 5-4. The PVP solution enters the second solution channel 6-1 from the second inlet pipe 3-2, passes through the third solution pressurization zone 6-2 and the fourth solution pressurization zone 6-3, and is extruded from the second outlet 6-4. The spinning electrode 2 rotates to coat the PAN and PVP solutions side-by-side in the first spinning zone 2-1. When the solutions rotate to the spinning zone, electrospinning begins, producing PAN / PVP parallel-arranged nanofibers, which are then collected by the collecting electrode 9. The solution on the spinning electrode 2 that is not spun flows into the return liquid assembly 1-2 and is collected by the return liquid pipe 4 to the waste liquid cleaning device 7.

[0112] The PAN / PVPV bicomponent parallel-arranged nanofibers prepared in this embodiment are shown in the scanning electron microscope as follows: Figure 14 As shown, the fibers are of uniform thickness and without beads. The rough parts of the fibers are made of PAN polymer, and the smooth parts are made of PVP polymer, with a parallel arrangement structure.

[0113] Example 2

[0114] This invention provides a method for preparing an apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, comprising the following steps:

[0115] Step S1: Based on the material of the fiber to be prepared, select the material of the spinning solution, and design the number of inlet pipes and the number of outlets in the inlet pipe group 3 according to the structural characteristics of the fiber to be prepared.

[0116] Step S2: Inject the selected spinning solution into the corresponding inlet tube;

[0117] Step S3: All the spinning solutions are extruded after reaching the outlet through the solution channel to form a composite solution;

[0118] Step S4: Under the action of the electric field, the composite solution forms a composite solution jet 8;

[0119] Step S5: The composite solution jet 8 flies towards the spinning device under the action of the electric field force to obtain the prepared fiber;

[0120] Step S6: Use the liquid return assembly 1-2 to recover the remaining spinning solution.

[0121] In this embodiment, the material of the spinning solution is first selected according to the material of the fiber to be prepared, and the number of inlet pipes and outlets in the inlet pipe group 3 are selectively opened as needed.

[0122] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the original technical features, and the technical solutions resulting from these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers, characterized in that, include: Spinning head, liquid return assembly, spinning device, collecting electrode; The spinning head includes at least a liquid supply assembly and a liquid inlet pipe assembly. The liquid supply assembly includes at least: a solution channel group; a plurality of liquid outlet groups are provided on the top of the liquid supply assembly; each liquid outlet group includes at least 2 liquid outlets; the liquid inlet pipe group is connected to the liquid outlet group through the solution channel group, and each liquid outlet is used to squeeze out the spinning solution in the corresponding solution channel; The spinning device is connected to the collecting electrode and the spinning head respectively to obtain the desired product; the spinning device includes a spinning electrode and a high-voltage power supply; the spinning electrode includes a spinning zone and a central axis; the shape of the spinning electrode is cylindrical, elliptical, spherical, disc or axially symmetric bamboo joint shape; its axis is parallel to the length direction of the spinning head; the spinning electrode rotates around the central axis to bring the spinning solution delivered by the liquid outlet to the spinning zone for electrospinning; The liquid return assembly is used to recover the remaining spinning solution; the liquid supply assembly is disposed inside the liquid return assembly, dividing the interior of the spinning head into two independent spaces; The liquid return assembly includes a liquid return pipe and a waste liquid cleaning device; the liquid return assembly is connected to the waste liquid cleaning device through the liquid return pipe at the bottom, and uses a pump to recover the remaining solution from spinning. The waste liquid cleaning device is fixedly installed on the top of the liquid supply assembly, and the outer contour of the waste liquid cleaning device is consistent with the outer contour of the spinning electrode. The waste liquid cleaning device scrapes off the remaining spinning solution on the spinning electrode and the liquid outlet before rotating back to the position of the liquid outlet, and flows it into the liquid return assembly.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid inlet pipe assembly includes at least two liquid inlet pipes, each of which contains a spinning solution, and the spinning solution is of at least two types. The outlet simultaneously expels the spinning solution to form a composite spinning solution.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spinning electrode is connected to the high-voltage power supply, and the collecting electrode is connected to the ground electrode or to a potential opposite to that of the spinning electrode. Different outlets spray different spinning solutions onto the spinning zone of the spinning electrode to form a composite solution of the two liquids.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid supply assembly also includes a solution pressurization assembly that communicates with the solution channel; The solution pressurization assembly includes several solution pressurization zones, and the solution channel is connected to the outlet through the solution pressurization zones.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the solution channel is at least 1 cm². 2 ; The solution pressurization zone has a gradually decreasing cross-section.

6. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spinning head also includes a base, which is detachably connected to the spinning head.

7. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid return assembly is located below the spinning electrode.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, There are two liquid outlets; The outlets are arranged in parallel along the length or circumferential direction of the spinning electrode, and different spinning solutions are sprayed onto the spinning area of ​​the spinning electrode to prepare parallel-arranged nanofibers or core-sheath structure nanofibers.

9. The method of using the apparatus for preparing multi-component fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Based on the material of the fiber to be prepared, the material of the spinning solution is selected, and the number of inlet pipes and outlets in the inlet pipe group are designed according to the structural characteristics of the fiber to be prepared. The selected spinning solution is injected into the corresponding inlet tube; All the spinning solutions are extruded after reaching the outlet through the solution channel to form a composite solution. The composite solution forms a composite solution jet under the action of an electric field. The composite solution jet flies toward the spinning device under the action of an electric field force to obtain the prepared fiber; The remaining spinning solution is recovered using a liquid recovery assembly.

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