A multi-functional shield model machine tunneling test device

Abstract

The application provides a multifunctional shield model machine tunneling test device, which is composed of a front shield, a shield machine shell, a rotation control system, a pushing control system, a spiral unearthing system, a slurry circulation system, a shield tail and a forward guiding device; the device has the characteristics of a modularized quick-assembly mode, can realize various functions such as earth pressure balance shield, slurry balance shield and TBM shield, and can be conveniently changed; the device can realize closed-loop control of main shaft torque, rotating speed, soil pressure of a working face, soil bin pressure, pushing speed, unearthing speed and the like, has functions such as attitude adjustment, long-distance pushing, shield shell anti-rotation and the like, and can carry out simulation tests on various construction scheme shield tunneling parameters, cutter parameters and abrasion, excavation face stability, influences on surrounding environment and buildings and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel shield simulation testing technology, specifically a multifunctional shield model machine tunneling test device; suitable for simulating shield tunneling and segment support under different geological conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, shield tunneling is widely used in tunnel engineering as a safe and efficient tunnel construction method. In shield tunneling test research, there are obvious problems with field measurements, including: long research cycle, large workload, non-repeatability of tests, test results and construction period, and the failure of tests will cause great harm and loss to the project and surrounding environment. At the same time, shield tunneling data are mostly highly discrete, and the regularity is not easy to summarize from the measurement data. There are many influencing factors and a high degree of randomness. For the current shield model test research, there are some problems: (1) Most model tests do not consider the continuous dynamic tunneling of the shield machine, but only static research; (2) Most studies only focus on a single problem in the shield tunnel construction process, and the comprehensiveness and systematicness need to be improved; (3) The shield model machine has situations that do not conform to the actual shield machine, such as the coaxiality of the auger and the cutterhead, and the absence of the cutterhead; (4) The shield model machine cannot realize the dual-function conversion of earth pressure balance and slurry balance, the segment assembly in the tunneling process and other important construction processes, and can only conduct shield simulation experiments under a single function. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device.

[0004] The technical solution provided by this invention is: a multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device, which is special in that it consists of a front shield, a shield machine shell, a rotation control system, a propulsion control system, a spiral soil removal system, a slurry circulation system, a shield tail, and a forward guidance device; The front shield includes a cutterhead, a drive shaft, and a baffle. The cutterhead is connected to the drive shaft. A bearing sleeve is fitted on the drive shaft and is connected to the baffle. The cutterhead, bearing sleeve, baffle, and tunnel boring machine shell form a soil chamber. The front end of the tunnel boring machine shell is connected to the baffle. Soil pressure sensors are installed on both the baffle and the cutterhead. The rotation control system consists of a spindle drive motor, a spindle torque sensor, and a photoelectric encoder. The front flange of the spindle drive motor is connected to the spindle torque sensor, and the spindle torque sensor is connected to the bearing sleeve. The transmission shaft of the spindle drive motor is connected to the drive shaft, driving the tool disc to rotate. A photoelectric encoder is installed on the rear output shaft of the spindle drive motor to measure the real-time rotation angle, and the spindle torque sensor is used to measure the real-time torque. The rotation control system can realize closed-loop control of torque or speed. The propulsion control system consists of propulsion cylinders, load sensors, displacement sensors, and lugs. There are four sets of propulsion cylinders, evenly distributed circumferentially. The piston rod of each propulsion cylinder is connected to one end of the load sensor, and a set of lugs is installed at the other end of the load sensor, connecting to the tail of the shield. Displacement sensors are installed on the sides of each propulsion cylinder, enabling closed-loop control of load or displacement. By controlling different displacements and loads of the four sets of propulsion cylinders, the tunneling direction of the shield tunneling model machine is corrected. The spiral soil removal system consists of a soil removal drive motor, a soil removal torque sensor, a spiral soil remover, and a soil removal guide pipe. The front flange of the soil removal drive motor is connected to the soil removal torque sensor, and the drive shaft of the soil removal drive motor is connected to one end of the spiral soil remover. The other end of the spiral soil remover extends through the lower end of the baffle to the bottom of the soil chamber. The spiral soil remover is equipped with a soil removal guide pipe. The mud-water circulation system consists of an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a mud treatment tank. One end of the inlet pipe is connected to a baffle, and the other end is connected to the mud treatment tank, which is used to transport the mud in the mud treatment tank to the soil chamber. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to a baffle, and the other end is connected to the mud treatment tank, which is used to discharge the uniformly mixed slag in the soil chamber to the mud treatment tank. The forward guiding device is located on the outside of the shield machine shell and consists of clamping blocks, guide arms, sliding sleeves, and guide columns. Multiple clamping blocks are arranged around the shield machine shell at the middle position of the guide arm. The guide arm is fixed to the shield machine shell by tightening the clamping blocks. The guide columns are fixed to the side plates of the soil box. Sliding sleeves are provided on the guide arm and cooperate with the guide columns to achieve low-friction forward and backward movement while restraining rotation.

[0005] Furthermore, the shield machine housing has segment mounting holes at the tail end, and one or more pads are installed on the segment mounting holes. The shield machine housing is connected to the propulsion cylinder in the middle.

[0006] Furthermore, the rotation control system is equipped with a torque alarm, which will stop the tunneling in time when the torque is too high to avoid damage to the system.

[0007] Furthermore, electronic throttle valves are installed on the inlet and outlet pipes of the mud-water circulation system to control the inlet and outlet speeds of the mud.

[0008] Furthermore, a stirring rod is provided on the cutter disc.

[0009] Furthermore, scrapers are evenly arranged on the outer ring of the cutter head, and a fishtail cutter is installed in the middle position. The cutter head, scrapers, and fishtail cutter all adopt a modular quick-assembly mode. Anti-shear grooves are provided at the positions of the scrapers and fishtail cutters to prevent the cutters from shifting. This structure is used for soft soil layers.

[0010] Furthermore, a central roller cutter is provided in the middle of the cutter head, and multiple single-edged roller cutters are evenly arranged on the outer side. Slag scrapers are provided on the single-edged roller cutters. The cutter head, central roller cutter, and single-edged roller cutters all adopt a modular quick-assembly mode. This structure is used for hard rock formations.

[0011] Furthermore, the propulsion cylinders are at an angle to the central axis of the tunnel boring machine. By controlling the different propulsion speeds of the four cylinders, the tunnel boring machine's excavation direction can be corrected, including to deal with situations where the excavation face is uneven in hardness.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The rotation control system is equipped with a spindle torque sensor and photoelectric encoder, which can realize closed-loop control of torque or speed; at the same time, a torque alarm is set to stop tunneling in time when the torque is too high to avoid damage to the system. 2. The propulsion cylinders are arranged in four sets and equipped with load sensors and displacement sensors, which can realize independent closed-loop control of load or displacement. The propulsion cylinders have a certain angle with the central axis of the tunnel boring machine. By controlling the different displacements and loads of the four cylinders, the tunnel boring machine's tunneling direction can be corrected, including dealing with situations where the tunneling face is uneven in hardness. 3. A forward guide device is installed on the outside of the shield machine shell to counteract the torsional cutting reaction force generated by the cutterhead, while not restricting the forward movement of the shield machine; 4. Both types of cutter heads adopt a modular quick-installation mode, allowing for cutter replacement, adjustable cutter shape, and adjustable cutter head opening ratio; 5. The structure is reasonable and simple, and the operation is stable. It can be used to construct multi-functional shield tunneling simulation test systems based on mainstream construction methods—earth pressure balance shield tunneling, slurry balance shield tunneling, and TBM shield tunneling. 6. It can realize closed-loop control of propulsion load or displacement, and has functions such as attitude adjustment, long-distance propulsion, and shield shell anti-rotation. It can conduct multi-field and multi-body model tests on the original strata of large-diameter shield tunneling machine, including shield tunneling parameters, cutter parameters and wear, excavation face stability, shield construction scheme, and impact on the surrounding environment and buildings. 7. It has significant practical implications for solving major theoretical and technical problems in the construction of tunnels, including those for rail transit and other projects, and can provide valuable experience for future large-scale shield tunneling and TBM tunneling tests. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutterhead for soft soil excavation according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutterhead for hard rock excavation according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the forward guiding device of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Front shield, 2. Shield machine shell, 3. Rotation control system, 4. Propulsion control system, 5. Spiral soil removal system, 6. Slurry circulation system, 7. Shield tail, 8. Forward guide device, 9. Cutterhead, 10. Drive shaft, 11. Bearing sleeve, 12. Baffle, 13. Main shaft drive motor, 14. Main shaft torque sensor, 15. Propulsion cylinder, 16. Load sensor, 17. Lug, 18. Soil removal drive motor, 19. Soil removal torque sensor, 20. Spiral soil remover, 21. Soil removal guide pipe, 22. Scraper, 23. Fish tail cutter, 24. Clamping block, 25. Guide arm, 26. Sliding sleeve, 27. Guide column, 28. Photoelectric encoder, 29. Displacement sensor, 30. Pad block, 31. Mixing rod, 32. Soil chamber, 33. Soil pressure sensor, 34. Grout inlet pipe, 35. Grout outlet pipe, 36. Center roller cutter, 37. Single-edged roller cutter, 38. Slag scraper, 39. Sludge treatment tank. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To better understand and implement this invention, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0016] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, a multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device consists of a front shield 1, a shield machine shell 2, a rotation control system 3, a propulsion control system 4, a spiral soil removal system 5, a slurry balance system 6, a shield tail 7, and a forward guidance device 8. The front shield 1 includes a cutterhead 9, a drive shaft 10, and a baffle 12. The cutterhead 9 is connected to the drive shaft 10, and a stirring rod 31 is installed on the cutterhead 9. A bearing sleeve 11 is fitted onto the drive shaft 10, and the bearing sleeve 11 is connected to the baffle 12. The cutterhead 9, the bearing sleeve 11, the baffle 12, and the shield machine shell 2 form a soil chamber 32. The front end of the shield machine shell 2 is connected to the baffle 12. The cutterhead 9 has two structures. One structure has four evenly spaced scrapers 22 on the outer ring to remove sand and soil from the outer side, and a fishtail cutter 23 in the middle to remove sand and soil from the center. Shear grooves are provided at each cutter position to prevent slippage. An opening is also provided on the cutterhead to allow excavated sand and soil to enter the soil chamber 32. This structure is suitable for soft soil layers. The other structure has a central roller cutter 36 installed in the middle of the cutterhead 9 to break the rock in the center, and multiple single-edged roller cutters 37 evenly spaced on the outer side to break the rock on the outer side. Scraper plates 38 are installed on the single-edged roller cutters 37 to allow the excavated rock fragments to enter the soil chamber 32. This structure is suitable for hard rock layers. Both the cutterhead 9 and the cutters adopt a modular quick-installation mode, which can install cutterhead 9 and cutters suitable for different tunneling modes, and can realize the rapid conversion between earth pressure balance shield and TBM shield; the cutters are replaceable, the cutter shape is adjustable, and the cutterhead opening ratio is adjustable; The shield machine shell 2 has segment mounting holes at the tail end, and one or more pads 30 are installed on the segment mounting holes. The middle part of the shield machine shell 2 is connected to the propulsion cylinder 15. By increasing the number of tail pads 30, long-distance propulsion can be achieved. The rotation control system 3 consists of a main shaft drive motor 13, a main shaft torque sensor 14, and a photoelectric encoder 28. The front flange of the main shaft drive motor 13 is connected to the main shaft torque sensor 14 to measure the main shaft torque. The main shaft torque sensor 14 is connected to the bearing sleeve 11. The drive shaft of the main shaft drive motor 13 is connected to the drive shaft 10 via a spline, driving the cutter head 9 to rotate, thereby achieving soil cutting. The rear output shaft of the main shaft drive motor 13 is connected to the photoelectric encoder 28 to measure the real-time rotation angle, thereby achieving the measurement of the main shaft rotation angle. The main shaft torque sensor 14 is used to measure the real-time torque, thereby achieving closed-loop control of torque or rotation angle. The rotation control system 3 can achieve closed-loop control of torque or speed. The rotation control system 3 is equipped with a torque alarm, which stops tunneling in time when the torque is too high to avoid damage to the system. The propulsion control system 4 consists of propulsion cylinders 15, load sensors 16, displacement sensors 29, and lugs 17. There are four sets of propulsion cylinders 15, evenly distributed circumferentially. The piston rod of each propulsion cylinder 15 is threadedly connected to one end of the load sensor 16, thus measuring the thrust. A lug 17 is installed at the other end of the load sensor 16, and the lug 17 is connected to the tail shield 7. The propulsion cylinders 15 are at an angle to the central axis of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). By controlling the different extension speeds of the four propulsion cylinders 15, the tunneling direction of the TBM can be adjusted, including to address unevenness in the tunnel face. Displacement sensors 29 are installed on the sides of the propulsion cylinders 15, and the piston rod of each propulsion cylinder 15 is connected to the measuring head of the displacement sensor 29, thus measuring the displacement and achieving closed-loop control of the load or displacement. By controlling the different displacements and loads of the four propulsion cylinders 15, the tunneling direction of the TBM can be corrected. The shield tail 7 is mainly composed of multiple pads 30. If the stroke of the propulsion cylinder 15 does not meet the experimental requirements, the connecting bolts between the lug 17 and the pad 30 can be loosened when the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder 15 is basically fully extended. Then the piston of the propulsion cylinder 15 is retracted, so that there is a certain space between the lug 17 and the pad 30. One or more pads 30 can be inserted. After fixing the bolts, the propulsion can continue. The spiral soil removal system 5 consists of a soil removal drive motor 18, a soil removal torque sensor 19, a spiral soil remover 20, and a soil removal guide pipe 21. The front flange of the soil removal drive motor 18 is connected to the soil removal torque sensor 19, and the drive shaft of the soil removal drive motor 18 is connected to one end of the spiral soil remover 20. The other end of the spiral soil remover 20 extends through the lower end of the baffle 12 to the bottom of the soil chamber 32. The soil removal guide pipe 21 is installed on the spiral soil remover 20, and there is a soil discharge hole on the soil discharge guide pipe 21 to discharge sand and soil. The soil removal drive motor 18 drives the spiral soil remover 20 to rotate, thereby drawing the sand and soil in the soil chamber 32 into the soil discharge guide pipe 21, and discharging it out of the equipment through the soil discharge hole at the end of the soil discharge guide pipe 21. Earth pressure sensors 33 are installed on both the baffle 12 and the cutterhead 9 to monitor the earth pressure at the working face and the earth pressure in the soil chamber in real time. The tunneling speed and soil removal speed are controlled by the propulsion control system 4 and the spiral soil removal system 5 to simulate different working conditions. The mud-water circulation system 6 consists of an inlet pipe 34, an outlet pipe 35, and a mud treatment tank 39. One end of the inlet pipe 34 is connected to the baffle 12, and the other end is connected to the mud treatment tank 39, which is used to transport the mud in the mud treatment tank 39 to the soil chamber 32. One end of the outlet pipe 35 is connected to the baffle 12, and the other end is connected to the mud treatment tank 39, which is used to discharge the uniformly mixed slag in the soil chamber 32 to the mud treatment tank 39. Electronic throttle valves are connected to the inlet pipe 34 and the outlet pipe 35 respectively to control the inlet and outlet speeds. The forward guiding device 8 is located on the outside of the shield machine shell 2. The forward guiding device 8 consists of clamping blocks 24, guide arms 25, sliding sleeves 26, and guide columns 27. The guide columns 27 are precision-machined optical shafts, with a set of four, which are fixed to the side plate of the soil box. Four sliding sleeves 26 are installed on the guide arms 25. The four sliding sleeves 26 cooperate with the four guide columns 27 respectively to achieve low-friction sliding, while restricting the rotation of the shield machine shell 2 and counteracting the torsional cutting reaction force generated by the cutterhead. Multiple clamping blocks 24 are arranged around the shield machine shell 2 at the middle position of the guide arms 25, clamping the shield machine shell 2 in various directions. The guide arms 25 are fixed to the shield machine shell 2 by tightening the clamping blocks 24, thereby achieving the overall guiding function.

[0017] This invention provides a multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device, which can be equipped with cutterheads and cutters suitable for different tunneling modes; it can realize rapid conversion between earth pressure balance shield tunneling and TBM shield tunneling; the equipment is equipped with a spiral soil removal system and a slurry circulation system, which can realize slurry balance shield tunneling; and earth pressure sensors are installed on both the baffle and the cutterhead, which can monitor the earth pressure at the tunnel face and the earth pressure in the soil chamber in real time, and measure the pressure difference between the two positions in real time, thereby adjusting the tunneling and soil removal speed to simulate different working conditions.

[0018] It should be understood that any technical features not elaborated in detail in this specification belong to the prior art. Although the embodiments of this invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device, characterized in that, It consists of a front shield (1), a shield machine shell (2), a rotation control system (3), a propulsion control system (4), a spiral soil removal system (5), a slurry circulation system (6), a shield tail (7), and a forward guidance device (8); The front shield (1) includes a cutterhead (9), a drive shaft (10), and a baffle (12). The cutterhead (9) is connected to the drive shaft (10). A bearing sleeve (11) is fitted on the drive shaft (10), and the bearing sleeve (11) is connected to the baffle (12). The cutterhead (9), the bearing sleeve (11), the baffle (12), and the shield machine shell (2) form a soil chamber (32). The front end of the shield machine shell (2) is connected to the baffle (12). Soil pressure sensors (33) are installed on both the baffle (12) and the cutterhead (9). The rotation control system (3) consists of a spindle drive motor (13), a spindle torque sensor (14), and a photoelectric encoder (28). The front flange of the spindle drive motor (13) is connected to the spindle torque sensor (14), and the spindle torque sensor (14) is connected to the bearing sleeve (11). The transmission shaft of the spindle drive motor (13) is connected to the drive shaft (10) to drive the cutter head (9) to rotate. The photoelectric encoder (28) is installed on the rear output shaft of the spindle drive motor (13) to measure the real-time rotation angle, and the spindle torque sensor (14) is used to measure the real-time torque. The rotation control system (3) can realize closed-loop control of torque or speed. The propulsion control system (4) consists of a propulsion cylinder (15), a load sensor (16), a displacement sensor (29), and a lug (17). There are four sets of propulsion cylinders (15), evenly distributed around the circumference. The piston rod of the propulsion cylinder (15) is connected to one end of the load sensor (16), and a set of lugs (17) is installed on the other end of the load sensor (16). The lugs (17) are connected to the tail shield (7) composed of multiple pads (30). When the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder (15) extends, the lugs (17) are released. 7) The connecting bolts of the pad (30) and the piston of the propulsion cylinder (15) retract, and one or more pads (30) are placed in the space between the ear seat (17) and the pad (30). After fixing the bolts, the propulsion continues; by increasing the number of shield tail pads (30), long-distance propulsion can be achieved; the side of the propulsion cylinder (15) is equipped with a displacement sensor (29), which can realize load or displacement closed-loop control; by controlling the different displacements and loads of the four sets of propulsion cylinders (15), the tunneling direction of the shield model machine is corrected; The spiral soil removal system (5) consists of a soil removal drive motor (18), a soil removal torque sensor (19), a spiral soil remover (20), and a soil removal guide pipe (21). The front flange of the soil removal drive motor (18) is connected to the soil removal torque sensor (19), and the drive shaft of the soil removal drive motor (18) is connected to one end of the spiral soil remover (20). The other end of the spiral soil remover (20) extends through the lower end of the baffle (12) to the bottom of the soil chamber (32). The spiral soil remover (20) is provided with a soil removal guide pipe (21). The mud-water circulation system (6) consists of an inlet pipe (34), an outlet pipe (35), and a mud treatment tank (39). One end of the inlet pipe (34) is connected to a baffle (12), and the other end is connected to the mud treatment tank (39), which is used to transport the mud in the mud treatment tank (39) to the soil chamber (32). One end of the outlet pipe (35) is connected to a baffle (12), and the other end is connected to the mud treatment tank (39), which is used to discharge the uniformly mixed slag in the soil chamber (32) to the mud treatment tank (39). The forward guiding device (8) is located on the outside of the shield machine shell (2). The forward guiding device (8) consists of clamping blocks (24), guide arms (25), sliding sleeves (26), and guide columns (27). Multiple clamping blocks (24) are arranged around the shield machine shell (2) at the middle position of the guide arm (25). The guide arm (25) is fixed to the shield machine shell (2) by tightening the clamping blocks (24). The guide column (27) is fixed on the side plate of the soil box. The guide arm (25) is provided with sliding sleeves (26). The sliding sleeves (26) cooperate with the guide columns (27) to achieve low-friction forward and backward movement, while restraining rotation.

2. The multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation control system (3) is equipped with a torque alarm. When the torque is too large, the tunneling will be stopped in time to avoid damage to the system.

3. The multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mud-water circulation system (6) is equipped with electronic throttle valves on the inlet pipe (34) and outlet pipe (35) to control the inlet and outlet speeds of the mud.

4. The multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A stirring rod (31) is provided on the cutter disc (9).

5. The multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Scrapers (22) are evenly arranged on the outer ring of the cutter head (9), and a fish tail knife (23) is installed in the middle position. The cutter head (9), scraper (22), and fish tail knife (23) all adopt a modular quick-installation mode. Shear grooves are provided at the positions of the scraper (22) and fish tail knife (23) to prevent the blades from shifting. This structure is used for soft soil layers.

6. The multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head (9) is provided with a central roller cutter (36) in the middle position and multiple single-edged roller cutters (37) are evenly arranged on the outer side. A scraper plate (38) is provided on the single-edged roller cutter (37). The cutter head (9), the central roller cutter (36), and the single-edged roller cutter (37) all adopt a modular quick-installation mode. This structure is used for hard rock formations.

7. The multifunctional shield tunneling model machine tunneling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The propulsion cylinder (15) has an angle with the central axis of the tunnel boring machine. By controlling the different propulsion speeds of the four cylinders, the tunnel boring machine's excavation direction can be corrected, including dealing with situations where the excavation face is uneven in hardness.

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