A visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of underground electrochemical energy storage system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system, which is used to simulate possible explosion events in underground electrochemical energy storage systems and study their structural dynamic responses. Aiming at the risk of fire and explosion in underground spaces caused by the release of flammable gases due to thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, the present invention designs an experimental device including a hollow rectangular structure, an explosion-proof observation window, a gas proportioning system and other components to observe and analyze the safety performance of underground energy storage spaces under various conditions. This device takes into account single-port and double-port explosion-proof measures, and can perform dynamic response tests on the back of the structure. This device provides experimental data for the safety of electrochemical energy storage systems and optimizes related designs; the entire system is designed to address the special challenges of underground environments and is conducive to improving the overall safety of underground electrochemical energy storage systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and in particular relates to a visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global energy consumption and the continuous promotion of renewable energy, energy storage technology has become an important means to solve energy supply interruptions and demand fluctuations. Underground electrochemical energy storage system is a new type of energy storage technology that aims to store energy in underground space. It has high energy density and long-term energy storage potential. This technology usually involves the use of underground rock salt caves, abandoned mines or other suitable geological structures to deploy electrochemical energy storage devices.

[0003] At present, electrochemical energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and flow batteries have been widely used in ground energy storage systems. However, the application of these technologies in underground environments is subject to multiple limitations, such as battery size and weight, environmental corrosiveness, temperature fluctuations, humidity control, and other issues. In addition, the deployment of electrochemical energy storage systems underground must also consider geological safety and structural stability to ensure the long-term safe operation of the system. Not only that, due to the inherent flammability of lithium battery bulk materials (electrolyte solutions, diaphragms, electrode materials), it is very easy to cause thermal runaway of lithium batteries under conditions such as thermal abuse, overcharge and overdischarge, and mechanical impact. During the thermal runaway process, lithium batteries will release a large amount of flammable gases, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, etc., which may cause fires and explosions when encountering ignition sources, which poses a major threat to the safety of underground structural facilities and related personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to design an experimental device to simulate the explosion evolution process of underground electrochemical energy storage space, and consider the impact of relevant protective measures to provide a reference for the safe design of underground electrochemical energy storage space. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology and to provide an experimental device for simulating the explosion evolution process and structural dynamic response characteristics of underground electrochemical energy storage space.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical features: a visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system, comprising an underground energy storage space main structure, an underground explosion relief space structure and an energy storage structure; the energy storage structure is arranged inside the underground energy storage space main structure, and the underground explosion relief space structure is arranged on the side of the underground energy storage space main structure; an explosion relief space observation window is arranged on the side wall of the underground explosion relief space structure, and a flange with an observation window is arranged on the outer port of the underground explosion relief space structure.

[0006] Furthermore, an explosion relief diaphragm is provided between the underground energy storage space main structure and the underground explosion relief space structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the gas cylinder is connected to the gas tank through a high-pressure leather hose, and the gas tank is provided with a pressure gauge; the gas tank is connected to a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is connected to a threaded through hole on the main structure of the underground energy storage space; the gas tank is evacuated to a vacuum using a vacuum pump in combination with a pressure gauge, and then the lithium battery thermal runaway gas is configured in combination with the gas cylinder through a pressure distribution method; when conducting an internal explosion test, the absolute pressure of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas in the gas tank is selected to be 0.6MPa~1MPa; when conducting an explosion relief test, the absolute pressure of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas in the gas tank is maintained at 0.1MPa.

[0008] Furthermore, the circulating pump is a DC brushless micro air pump. When conducting an internal explosion test, the circulating pump is only connected to the head and tail ends of the main structure of the underground energy storage space to mix the thermal runaway gas of the lithium battery in the main structure of the underground energy storage space; when conducting an explosion relief test, the circulating pump is connected to the gas tank and one end of the main structure of the underground energy storage space to mix the thermal runaway gas in the gas tank with the air in the main structure of the underground energy storage space to obtain the thermal runaway gas of the lithium battery at a preset concentration, so that the explosion relief diaphragm will not rupture prematurely.

[0009] Furthermore, the ignition device is fixed inside the main structure of the underground energy storage space through an insulating polytetrafluoroethylene threaded base structure, and the ignition device is connected to the power supply through a wire.

[0010] Furthermore, pressure sensors, thermocouples, acceleration sensors, displacement sensors and strain gauges are arranged on the main structure of the underground energy storage space and the wall surface of the underground explosion relief space structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the data acquisition instrument is connected to each sensor via a cable, and the data acquisition instrument is connected to a computer via a network cable.

[0012] Furthermore, the main structure of the underground energy storage space is a hollow rectangular structure with a left port and a right port; the main structure of the underground energy storage space and the underground explosion relief space structure are connected by bolts, and a square gasket is arranged between the two; the outer port of the underground explosion relief space structure is connected to the flange with an observation window by bolts, and a square gasket is arranged between the underground explosion relief space structure and the flange with an observation window, and the observation window on the flange is arranged on the flange with an observation window.

[0013] Furthermore, the vacuum pump is connected to the gas tank and the main structure of the underground energy storage space through a first PU tube, and the circulating pump is connected to the main structure of the underground energy storage space and the gas tank through a second PU tube; when the circulating pump is working, the vacuum pump stops working, so that the pipeline between the gas tank and the main structure of the underground energy storage space is unobstructed at this time, so as to circulate the thermal runaway gas in the gas tank and the air in the main structure of the underground energy storage space, and obtain a mixed gas of a preset concentration after sufficient mixing.

[0014] Furthermore, the threaded through holes are respectively arranged on the central axes of the upper and lower end surfaces of the main structure of the underground energy storage space and the underground explosion relief space structure, and are distributed at equal intervals.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the significant progress of the present invention lies in: providing a test device that can simulate the explosion evolution process and structural dynamic response characteristics of underground electrochemical energy storage space, can carry out explosion tests in the energy storage space, and take into account relevant explosion protection measures, namely single-port explosion relief and double-port explosion relief, to provide technical reference and data support for the safety design of relevant underground electrochemical energy storage space.

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the functional characteristics and structural parameters of the present invention, further description is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-main structure of underground energy storage space; 2-first underground explosion relief space structure; 3-second underground explosion relief space structure; 4-energy storage structure; 5-explosion relief space observation window; 6-flange with observation window; 7-square gasket; 8-gas cylinder; 9-high-pressure leather hose; 10-gas storage tank; 11-pressure gauge; 12-first PU pipe; 13-second PU pipe; 14-circulating pump; 15-ignition device; 16-wire; 17-power supply; 18-pressure sensor; 19-thermocouple; 20-cable; 21-data acquisition instrument; 22-network cable; 23-computer; 24-observation window on flange; 25-threaded through hole; 26-explosion relief diaphragm; 27-vacuum pump; 28-acceleration sensor; 29-displacement sensor; 30-strain gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, a visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system includes an underground energy storage space main structure 1, an underground explosion relief space structure and an energy storage structure 4; the energy storage structure 4 is arranged inside the underground energy storage space main structure 1, and the underground explosion relief space structure is arranged on the side of the underground energy storage space main structure 1; an explosion relief space observation window 5 is arranged on the side wall of the underground explosion relief space structure, and a flange 6 with an observation window is arranged on the outer port of the underground explosion relief space structure.

[0022] Specifically, in one embodiment, the underground explosion relief space structure includes a first underground explosion relief space structure 2 and a second underground explosion relief space structure 3, and the first underground explosion relief space structure 2 and the second underground explosion relief space structure 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the underground energy storage space main structure 1.

[0023] Furthermore, an explosion relief membrane 26 is provided between the underground energy storage space main structure 1 and the underground explosion relief space structure.

[0024] Furthermore, the gas cylinder 8 is connected to the gas tank 10 through a high-pressure leather hose 9, and the gas tank 10 is provided with a pressure gauge 11; the gas tank 10 is connected to a vacuum pump 27, and the vacuum pump 27 is connected to a threaded through hole 25 on the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space; the gas tank 10 is evacuated to a vacuum by the vacuum pump 27 in combination with the pressure gauge 11, and then the lithium battery thermal runaway gas is configured in combination with the gas cylinder through the pressure distribution method; when conducting an internal explosion test, the absolute pressure of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas in the gas tank 10 is selected to be 0.6MPa~1MPa; when conducting an explosion relief test, the absolute pressure of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas in the gas tank 10 is maintained at 0.1MPa.

[0025] Furthermore, the circulating pump 14 is a DC brushless micro air pump. When conducting an internal explosion test, the circulating pump 14 is only connected to the head and tail ends of the underground energy storage space main structure 1 to mix the thermal runaway gas of the lithium battery in the underground energy storage space main structure 1; when conducting an explosion relief test, the circulating pump 14 is connected to the gas tank 8 and one end of the underground energy storage space main structure 1 to mix the thermal runaway gas in the gas tank with the air in the underground energy storage space main structure 1 to obtain the thermal runaway gas of the lithium battery at a preset concentration, so that the explosion relief diaphragm 26 will not rupture prematurely.

[0026] Furthermore, the ignition device 15 is fixed inside the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space through an insulating polytetrafluoroethylene threaded base structure, and the ignition device 15 is connected to the power supply 17 through a wire 16 .

[0027] Furthermore, pressure sensors 18 , thermocouples 19 , acceleration sensors 28 , displacement sensors 29 and strain gauges 30 are arranged on the underground energy storage space main structure 1 and the underground explosion relief space structure wall.

[0028] Furthermore, the data acquisition instrument 21 is connected to each sensor via a cable 20 , and the data acquisition instrument 21 is connected to a computer 23 via a network cable 22 .

[0029] Furthermore, the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space is a hollow rectangular structure with a left port and a right port; the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space and the underground explosion relief space structure are connected by bolts, and a square gasket 7 is arranged between the two; the outer port of the underground explosion relief space structure is connected to the flange 6 with an observation window by bolts, and a square gasket 7 is arranged between the underground explosion relief space structure and the flange 6 with an observation window, and the observation window 24 on the flange is arranged on the flange 6 with an observation window.

[0030] Furthermore, the vacuum pump 27 is connected to the gas tank 10 and the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space through the first PU tube 12, and the circulating pump 14 is connected to the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space and the gas tank 10 through the second PU tube 13; when the circulating pump 14 is working, the vacuum pump 27 stops working, so that the pipeline between the gas tank 10 and the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space is unobstructed at this time, so as to circulate the thermal runaway gas in the gas tank 10 and the air in the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space, and obtain a mixed gas of a preset concentration after sufficient mixing.

[0031] Furthermore, the threaded through holes 25 are respectively arranged on the central axes of the upper and lower end surfaces of the underground energy storage space main structure 1 and the underground explosion relief space structure, and are distributed at equal intervals.

[0032] The use process and principle of the device are as follows: first, after installing the explosion relief diaphragm 26, the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space and the first explosion relief space structure 2, or the two explosion relief space structures 2 and 3 are connected by bolts, with a square gasket 7 in the middle; then the gas in the gas tank 10 is extracted by using the vacuum pump 27, so that the absolute pressure of the gas in the gas tank 10 is not higher than 5 kPa; then the test gas in the gas cylinder 8 is filled into the gas tank 10 according to the concentration of the combustible gas required for the test, and at this time the pressure in the gas tank should be lower than the rupture pressure of the explosion relief diaphragm 26; then the vacuum pump 27 is turned off, the circulation pump 10 is turned on, and at this time the pipeline between the gas tank 10 and the main structure 1 of the underground energy storage space is unobstructed, so as to circulate the thermal runaway gas in the gas tank and the air in the main structure of the underground energy storage space, and obtain a mixed gas of a certain concentration after sufficient mixing, and then the circulation pump 10 is turned off; after the above process is completed, the ignition power supply 17 is then started to make the ignition device 15 work, and at the same time the test system is turned on to record data parameters such as explosion pressure, temperature, and flame propagation process.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system, characterized in that: It includes an underground energy storage space main structure, an underground explosion relief space structure and an energy storage structure; the energy storage structure is arranged inside the underground energy storage space main structure, and the underground explosion relief space structure is arranged on the side of the underground energy storage space main structure; the side wall of the underground explosion relief space structure is provided with an explosion relief space observation window, and the outer port of the underground explosion relief space structure is provided with a flange with an observation window; An explosion relief diaphragm is arranged between the underground energy storage space main structure and the underground explosion relief space structure; The gas cylinder is connected to the gas tank through a high-pressure leather hose, and the gas tank is connected to the vacuum pump; the circulating pump is a DC brushless micro air pump. When conducting an internal explosion test, the circulating pump is only connected to the head and tail ends of the main structure of the underground energy storage space to mix the thermal runaway gas of the lithium battery in the main structure of the underground energy storage space; when conducting an explosion venting test, the circulating pump is connected to the gas tank and one end of the main structure of the underground energy storage space to mix the thermal runaway gas in the gas tank with the air in the main structure of the underground energy storage space to obtain the thermal runaway gas of the lithium battery at a preset concentration, so that the explosion venting diaphragm will not rupture prematurely; The gas tank is provided with a pressure gauge; the vacuum pump is connected to a threaded through hole on the main structure of the underground energy storage space; the gas tank is evacuated to a vacuum by a vacuum pump in combination with a pressure gauge, and then the lithium battery thermal runaway gas is configured in combination with a gas cylinder by a pressure division method; when conducting an internal explosion test, the absolute pressure of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas in the gas tank is selected to be 0.6MPa to 1MPa; when conducting an explosion venting test, the absolute pressure of the lithium battery thermal runaway gas in the gas tank is maintained at 0.1MPa; The vacuum pump is connected to the gas tank and the main structure of the underground energy storage space through a first PU tube, and the circulating pump is connected to the main structure of the underground energy storage space and the gas tank through a second PU tube; when the circulating pump is working, the vacuum pump stops working, so that the pipeline between the gas tank and the main structure of the underground energy storage space is unobstructed at this time, so as to circulate the thermal runaway gas in the gas tank and the air in the main structure of the underground energy storage space, and obtain a mixed gas of a preset concentration after sufficient mixing.

2. A visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition device is fixed inside the main structure of the underground energy storage space through an insulating polytetrafluoroethylene threaded base structure, and the ignition device is connected to a power source through a wire.

3. A visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure sensors, thermocouples, acceleration sensors, displacement sensors and strain gauges are arranged on the main structure of the underground energy storage space and the wall surface of the underground explosion relief space structure.

4. A visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data acquisition instrument is connected to each sensor through a cable, and the data acquisition instrument is connected to a computer through a network cable.

5. A visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main structure of the underground energy storage space is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure with a left port and a right port; The main structure of the underground energy storage space and the underground explosion relief space structure are connected by bolts, and a square gasket is arranged between the two; the outer port of the underground explosion relief space structure is connected to the flange with an observation window by bolts, and a square gasket is arranged between the underground explosion relief space structure and the flange with an observation window, and the observation window on the flange is arranged on the flange with an observation window.

6. A visual experimental test device for simulating the explosion evolution process of an underground electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threaded through holes are respectively arranged on the central axes of the upper and lower end surfaces of the main structure of the underground energy storage space and the underground explosion relief space structure, and are distributed at equal intervals.

Images