A method for creating a cucumber epidermal material without thorn tumors and hair and with strong femaleness

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of breeding techniques, and particularly to a method for creating a cucumber epidermal material without spines, tubercles, and hairs and with strong femaleness. Sow cucumber seeds H290, cross them with Jinyou 351 to obtain the F1 generation; self-cross the F1 generation to obtain the F2 generation; self-cross the F2 generation to obtain the F3 generation; self-cross the F3 generation to obtain the F4 generation; self-cross the F4 generation to obtain the F5 generation; self-cross the F5 generation to obtain a cucumber epidermal material without spines, tubercles, and hairs and with strong femaleness. The germplasm material 351×H290F6 obtained by using the creation method provided by the present invention shows medium growth vigor, is a strong female line, the melon length is 14-16 cm, the transverse diameter is 2.2-2.5 cm, it is long cylindrical, smooth without spines, the skin is thin and the flesh is crispy and tender, and the taste is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of breeding, and in particular to a method for creating a cucumber epidermal thornless, wartless, and hairless strong female material. Background Art

[0002] Cucumber is one of the important vegetable crops, and its yield and output value rank among the top of vegetable crops. The annual production of cucumber plays an important role in the balanced supply of vegetables for residents. For a long time, cucumber production has mainly focused on traits such as its yield and disease resistance. With the improvement of consumption concepts, the requirements for cucumber quality are getting higher and higher. For example, the size, color of thorns and warts, peel color, length of the cucumber stalk, taste, etc. are all important traits that determine the marketability of cucumbers. Among them, the female trait is an important trait affecting cucumber yield, and fruit warts and spines are also one of the important traits affecting cucumber appearance quality. Characteristics such as smooth appearance, low pesticide residues, easy cleaning, good taste, hygienic consumption, and easy transportation are important features of current cultivated fruit cucumbers. However, the epidermis of current fruit cucumber varieties still has sparse spines or warts, and there is a lack of cucumber varieties with completely thornless, wartless, and hairless epidermis. The fundamental reason is that the lack of breeding materials has restricted the development process of new varieties.

[0003] According to domestic research reports, cucumber breeding materials with thornless and wartless epidermis mainly come from mutants, and the obtained mutant traits also vary greatly. Their trait inheritance relationships are mainly shown in Table 1:

[0004] Table 1 Trait Inheritance Relationships

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for creating a cucumber epidermal thornless, wartless, and hairless strong female material. The present invention discovers a mutant type different from the previously reported ones, and uses breeding means to transfer the traits to obtain a breeding material with a homozygous recessive gene controlling the thornless, wartless, and hairless characteristics, and a method applied to breeding practice.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for creating a cucumber epidermal thornless, wartless, and hairless strong female material, comprising the following steps:

[0009] 1) Sow cucumber seeds H290 and cross them with Jinyou 351 to obtain the F1 generation;

[0010] The preservation number of the cucumber seeds H290 is CCTCC NO: P202401;

[0011] 2) Self-cross the F1 generation obtained in step 1) to obtain the F2 generation;

[0012] The F2 generation is strong in growth potential, with the melon strip being 14 - 18 cm long, 2.2 - 2.6 cm thick, and the melon skin being smooth without prickles;

[0013] 3) Self - cross the F2 generation obtained in the above step 2) to obtain the F3 generation;

[0014] 4) Self - cross the F3 generation obtained in the above step 3) to obtain the F4 generation;

[0015] The F4 generation has a smooth melon skin without prickles, and the plant continuously has 4 - 5 female flowers above the 15th node;

[0016] 5) Self - cross the F4 generation obtained in the above step 4) to obtain the F5 generation;

[0017] The F5 generation has a smooth melon skin without prickles, and the plant continuously has 4 - 5 female flowers above the 15th node;

[0018] 6) Self - cross the F5 generation obtained in the above step 5) to obtain a cucumber epidermal material without thorn tumors and hairs and with strong femaleness.

[0019] Preferably, in the above step 1), Jinyou 351 is used as the female parent, and the cucumber seed H290 is used as the male parent.

[0020] Preferably, when the seedlings of the cucumber seed H290 grow to three leaves and one heart, male induction treatment is carried out. The male induction treatment is to spray the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 100 ppm.

[0021] Preferably, when the seedlings of the F3 generation grow to three leaves and one heart, male induction treatment is carried out. The male induction treatment is to spray the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 100 ppm.

[0022] Preferably, when the seedlings of the F4 generation grow to three leaves and one heart, male induction treatment is carried out. The male induction treatment is to spray the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 100 ppm.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] The germplasm material 351×H290 F6 obtained by using the creation method provided by the present invention shows medium growth potential, strong female line, the melon is 14 - 16 cm long, 2.2 - 2.5 cm in transverse diameter, long - cylindrical, smooth without thorns, thin - skinned, crispy and tender in flesh, and good in taste.

[0025] Biological deposit description

[0026] Cucumber seeds H290, with the Latin name Cucumis sativus L., were deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on January 25, 2024. The address is Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, with the postal code 430072, and the deposit number is CCTCC NO: P202401. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for creating a cucumber epidermal thornless, hairless, and strongly female material provided by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] The present invention provides a method for creating a cucumber epidermal thornless, hairless, and strongly female material, comprising the following steps:

[0029] 1) Sow cucumber seeds H290 and cross them with Jinyou 351 to obtain the F1 generation;

[0030] The deposit number of the cucumber seeds H290 is CCTCC NO: P202401;

[0031] 2) Self-cross the F1 generation obtained in step 1) to obtain the F2 generation;

[0032] The F2 generation has strong growth vigor, the fruit length is 14 - 18 cm, the fruit diameter is 2.2 - 2.6 cm, and the fruit skin is smooth without thorns and hairs;

[0033] 3) Self-cross the F2 generation obtained in step 2) to obtain the F3 generation;

[0034] 4) Self-cross the F3 generation obtained in step 3) to obtain the F4 generation;

[0035] The F4 generation has a smooth fruit skin without thorns and hairs, and the plant continuously produces 4 - 5 female flowers above the 15th node;

[0036] 5) Self-cross the F4 generation obtained in step 4) to obtain the F5 generation;

[0037] The F5 generation has a smooth fruit skin without thorns and hairs, and the plant continuously produces 4 - 5 female flowers above the 15th node;

[0038] 6) Self-cross the F5 generation obtained in step 5) to obtain a cucumber epidermal thornless, hairless, and strongly female material.

[0039] The present invention sows cucumber seeds H290 and crosses them with Jinyou 351 to obtain the F1 generation; the deposit number of the cucumber seeds H290 is CCTCC NO: P202401.

[0040] In the spring of 2009, a naturally mutant single plant was discovered in the HG238 strain of the material. It showed tumor-like protrusions on the ovary, epidermal hairs on the flower stalk, hairs on the leaf surface, stem, tendril, and calyx. When the ovary grew up, the tumor-like protrusions on the fruit disappeared, and the surface became smooth and hairless, while there were still sparse soft hairs on the fruit stalk. The field number was H290. This single plant showed a high female flower node rate (the female flower node rate was 78.6%). The growth potential of the plant was moderately weak. The largest leaf was 20.2×21.5 cm in length and width, the stem diameter was 0.6 - 0.7 cm, the melon length was 12 - 13 cm, and the thickness was 2.2 - 2.4 cm. Under normal climatic conditions, the development of commercial melons was slower than that of HG238. Self-crossing was carried out on H290 to save seeds, and the storage number of cucumber seeds H290 was CCTCC NO: P202401. In the present invention, Jinyou 351 is preferably used as the female parent, and cucumber seeds H290 are preferably used as the male parent. In the present invention, it is preferred to perform male induction treatment when the seedlings of cucumber seeds H290 grow to three leaves and one heart. The male induction treatment is preferably spraying the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is preferably 100 ppm.

[0041] In the present invention, the obtained F1 generation was self-crossed to obtain the F2 generation; the F2 generation had strong growth potential, the melon length was 14 - 18 cm, the melon thickness was 2.2 - 2.6 cm, and the melon skin was smooth and without thorn hairs. In the present invention, the female flower rate of the F2 generation was 156.2%.

[0042] In the present invention, the obtained F2 generation was self-crossed to obtain the F3 generation. In the present invention, the F3 generation had strong growth potential, the melon length was 14 - 16 cm, the melon thickness was 2.2 - 2.6 cm, the melon skin was smooth and without thorn hairs, and the female flower rate was 140.6%.

[0043] In the present invention, the obtained F3 generation was self-crossed to obtain the F4 generation; the F4 generation had a smooth melon skin without thorn hairs, and 4 - 5 female flowers continuously appeared on the plant above the 15th node. In the present invention, it is preferred to perform male induction treatment when the seedlings of the F3 generation grow to three leaves and one heart. The male induction treatment is preferably spraying the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is preferably 100 ppm.

[0044] In the present invention, the obtained F4 generation was self-crossed to obtain the F5 generation; the F5 generation had a smooth melon skin without thorn hairs, and 4 - 5 female flowers continuously appeared on the plant above the 15th node. In the present invention, it is preferred to perform male induction treatment when the seedlings of the F4 generation grow to three leaves and one heart. The male induction treatment is preferably spraying the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is preferably 100 ppm.

[0045] The obtained F5 generation was self-crossed to obtain a cucumber epidermal thornless, hairless, and strong female material. In the present invention, the cucumber epidermal thornless, hairless, and strong female material shows medium growth vigor, is a strong female line, the melon length is 14 - 16 cm, the transverse diameter is 2.2 - 2.5 cm, is long cylindrical, smooth and thornless, the skin is thin and the flesh is crispy and tender, and the taste is good.

[0046] To further illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] In the spring of 2009 (the first year), a natural mutant single plant was found in the HG238 strain. It showed that the ovary had tumor-like protrusions, there were epidermal hairs on the flower stalk, and there were hairs on the leaf surface, stem, tendril, and calyx. When the ovary grew up, the tumor-like protrusions on the fruit disappeared, the surface was smooth and hairless, but there were still sparse soft hairs on the fruit stalk. The field number was H290. This single plant showed a high female flower node rate (the female flower node rate was 78.6%), the growth vigor of the plant was medium to weak, the length and width of the largest leaf were 20.2 X 21.5 cm, the stem diameter was 0.6 - 0.7 cm, the melon length was 12 - 13 cm, and the thickness was 2.2 - 2.4 cm. Under normal climate conditions, the development of the commercial melons of HG238 was slower. At the same time, H290 was self-crossed to save seeds, and the self-crossed seeds of H290 were harvested and preserved. The preservation number was CCTCC NO: P202401.

[0049] In the autumn of 2009 (the first year), the self-crossed seeds of the material H290 and the commercial variety Jinyou 351 were sown. When the seedlings of the cucumber seeds H290 grew to the three-leaf and one-heart stage, a small part of the plants were sprayed with 100 ppm silver nitrate solution on the leaf surface to induce male flowers and then self-crossed for purification. After cross-pollination of Jinyou 351, the F1 generation seeds were harvested and numbered 351×H2900;

[0050] In the spring of 2010 (the second year), the F1 generation seeds of 351×H290 were sown for self-cross pollination. In the autumn, the genetic laws of thorns, tumors, and soft hairs were verified from the trait segregation population of the F2 generation. At the same time, it was found that strong female plants with smooth melon skin were separated from the F2 generation of the cross 351×H290 with the variety Jinyou 351 as the female parent and H290 as the male parent. The traits of smooth surface, thornless, and hairless in H290 were successfully introgressed / homozygosed. This plant had strong growth vigor, a female flower rate of 156.2%, the melon length was 14 - 18 cm, and the melon thickness was 2.2 - 2.6 cm. Further, the plants of this type were self-crossed to save seeds to obtain the F3 generation seeds of 351×H290.

[0051] In the spring of 2011 (the third year), when the F3 generation seedlings grew to the stage of having three leaves and one heart, most of the seedlings were sprayed with a 100 ppm silver nitrate solution on the leaf surface to promote the occurrence of male flowers in the plants. The plants not sprayed with silver nitrate were used as the observation plants to judge the performance of traits such as the strength of femaleness, the development speed of commercial melons, other commercial properties, and the separation of epidermal spines and hairs on the commercial melons. When the plants grew to 12 - 13 leaves, self-pollination and single-plant seed retention were continued for the selected target plants. When the cucumber fruits from self-pollination developed to the size of a thumb, the plants with smooth cucumber epidermis without hairs and with 4 - 5 female flowers continuously appearing above the 15th node of the plant were marked; when the cucumber fruits on the marked plants developed into commercial melons, further screening was carried out according to the development speed of the cucumber fruits. The seeds of the plants with smooth commercial melons and good taste after tasting the fruits were numbered, and the seeds of the melons F4 of the plant lines meeting the requirements were selected and numbered 351×H290F4.

[0052] In 2012 (the fourth year), the above breeding method was repeated. That is, when the F4 generation seedlings grew to the stage of having three leaves and one heart, some plants were sprayed with a 100 ppm silver nitrate solution on the leaf surface to induce male flowers, and the female flowers of the plants after male flower induction at the 11 - 13 leaf stage were self-pollinated. When the fruits matured, according to the comprehensive traits such as the smooth epidermis of the commercial melons of the plants and the fast fruit development speed, and the plants with 4 - 5 female flowers continuously appearing above the 15th node of the plant were marked as strong female plants, and the seeds of the 351×H290F5 generation were obtained by screening.

[0053] Self-purification was carried out by the same method until in 2013 (the fifth year), the growth of about 150 plants in the field of the F6 generation was judged. The plant traits were stable, with 1 - 2 male flowers occasionally on each single plant, and no single plant with other trait segregation appeared. Thus, the homozygous germplasm material 351×H290F6 with strong femaleness, smooth melon skin, and fast melon swelling was obtained. Under normal temperature conditions in mid-May, the height of this plant in the greenhouse was 1.6 m, and the time for the ovary at the 14 - 16 node positions to develop into a commercial melon was about 8 days.

[0054] The created germplasm material 351×H290 F6 showed medium growth potential, a strong female line, the melon length was 14 - 16 cm, the transverse diameter was 2.2 - 2.5 cm, it was long cylindrical, smooth without thorns, the skin was thin, the flesh was crispy and tender, with good taste, and the soluble solid content measured by a refractometer was 5.2%.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Further utilize the created materials for combined measurement and new variety breeding: Plant the materials of 351×H290F6 and the homozygous self-selected material SH2 in a ratio of 6:1, manage them normally in the field, and take good isolation measures during the flowering period. The self-selected material SH2 is treated with a 100 ppm silver nitrate solution when it has two true leaves and one heart leaf to three true leaves and one heart leaf to induce a sufficient number of male flowers as the male parent for hybrid seed production, and pollinate the female parent material 351×H290F6. When the melons are mature, cut open the melons, wash them, and dry the seeds to obtain high-purity first-generation hybrid seeds, which have strong growth potential, strong femaleness, a melon length of 14 - 16 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.2 - 2.5 cm, a long cylindrical shape, smooth and thornless, thin skin, crispy and tender flesh, a soluble solid content of 5.3%, and high resistance to powdery mildew. The yield in spring protected cultivation is 5100 kg / 666.67 m 2 , 18.1% higher than H290.

[0057] The material SH2 is a stable inbred line obtained by 6 generations of self-crossing and directional selection from the 'Sabra' variety of Hazera Company, showing a melon length of 12 - 14 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.4 - 2.6 cm, a short cylindrical shape, strong growth potential, strong femaleness, 1 - 2 female flowers at 20 - 30% of the nodes of the plant, and resistance to powdery mildew.

[0058] The self-selected material SH2 shows a melon length of 12 - 14 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.4 - 2.6 cm, a short cylindrical shape, smooth and thornless, crispy taste, strong growth potential, strong femaleness, 1 - 2 male flowers at 5 - 10% of the nodes of the plant, and strong resistance to powdery mildew.

[0059] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for creating a cucumber epidermal material without spines, tubercles and hairs and with strong femaleness, characterized in that, Including the following steps: 1) Sow the cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) H290, cross them with Jinyou 351 to obtain the F1 generation; The preservation number of the cucumber seeds H290 is CCTCC NO: P202401; 2) Self-cross the F1 generation obtained in step 1) to obtain the F2 generation; The F2 generation has strong growth vigor, the cucumber fruits are 14 - 18 cm long, 2.2 - 2.6 cm thick, and the fruit skin is smooth without prickles; 3) Self-cross the F2 generation obtained in step 2) to obtain the F3 generation; 4) Self-cross the F3 generation obtained in step 3) to obtain the F4 generation; The F4 generation has a smooth fruit skin without prickles, and the plant continuously bears 4 - 5 female flowers above the 15th node; 5) Self-cross the F4 generation obtained in step 4) to obtain the F5 generation; The F5 generation has a smooth fruit skin without prickles, and the plant continuously bears 4 - 5 female flowers above the 15th node; 6) Self-cross the F5 generation obtained in step 5) to obtain a cucumber epidermal material without thorn tumors and without hair and with strong femaleness.

2. The creation method according to claim 1, wherein In step 1), Jinyou 351 is used as the female parent, and the cucumber seeds H290 are used as the male parent.

3. The creation method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the seedlings of the cucumber seeds H290 grow to three leaves and one heart, perform male induction treatment. The male induction treatment is to spray the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 100 ppm.

4. The creation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the seedlings of the F3 generation grow to three leaves and one heart, perform male induction treatment. The male induction treatment is to spray the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 100 ppm.

5. The creation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the seedlings of the F4 generation grow to three leaves and one heart, perform male induction treatment. The male induction treatment is to spray the leaf surface with a silver nitrate solution, and the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 100 ppm.

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