Efficient method for growing morchella and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of efficient morchella planting method, using morchella mixed sowing, the morchella is any two mixed sowing or three mixed sowing in morchella delavii, morchella sextelata, morchella esculenta.The present application scientifically selects the planting method of mixed sowing, so that each species produces in the most suitable temperature, compared with single sowing, not only broaden the temperature range of fruiting, extend the fruiting period 10-20 days, greatly improve the risk resistance ability of not fruiting in extreme situation;It also makes the yield increase by more than 55%, the high-quality rate increases by more than 15%, and the market value is significantly improved.At the same time, it saves cost, is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of biology, in particular to a high-efficiency morchella cultivation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Morchella is a kind of edible fungus belonging to Ascomycota, Pezizomycetes, Pezizales, Morchellaceae and Morchella, and is known as one of the four wild famous fungi, together with truffle, pine mushroom and chicken oil fungus. Morchella is rich in crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrates, various amino acids and other nutrients, and has the functions of protecting liver, reducing blood lipids, enhancing immunity, resisting tumors, resisting oxidation, digesting and stomach, resisting fatigue and resisting bacteria, and can be used as raw materials to develop food flavoring ingredients, nutritional supplements and nutritional health products. At present, the artificial commercial cultivation of multiple species of Morchella has been realized in China. Considering the possible antagonistic effect, different species of Morchella are generally planted separately in different plots, which has the problems of short fruiting period, low yield and low rate of fine products. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a high-efficiency Morchella cultivation method, which adopts mixed seeding of Morchella, and the Morchella is any two or three of Morchella conica, Morchella esculenta and Morchella angusticeps.

[0004] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the mixed seeding of any two is that Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica are mixed seeded at a quantity ratio of 3:7, Morchella esculenta and Morchella angusticeps are mixed seeded at a quantity ratio of 1:1, and Morchella conica and Morchella angusticeps are mixed seeded at a quantity ratio of 1:1.

[0005] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the mixed seeding of three is that Morchella conica, Morchella esculenta and Morchella angusticeps are mixed seeded at an equal ratio of quantity.

[0006] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the Morchella conica is any one or combination of Sichuan Morchella No.1, Sichuan Morchella No.3, Sichuan Morchella No.4, Sichuan Morchella No.5 and Sichuan Morchella No.10.

[0007] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the Morchella esculenta is any one or combination of Sichuan Morchella No.6, Sichuan Morchella No.8 and Sichuan Morchella No.9.

[0008] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the Morchella angusticeps is Sichuan Morchella No.7.

[0009] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the mixed seeding method comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Pre-watering before seeding to ensure that the soil humidity is 85% to 95%;

[0011] (2) the first watering is performed on the 3rd day after sowing, and the soil layer is irrigated thoroughly, and the humidity is higher than that before sowing;

[0012] (3) after the mycelium breaks through the soil and grows to the ground surface on the 5th-6th day after sowing, the nutrient bag is placed;

[0013] (4) a small amount of water is sprayed multiple times per day to maintain the soil surface layer moist during the primordium formation and young mushroom period, a small amount of water is supplemented multiple times to maintain the air humidity at 85-90% during the mature stage of the fruiting body, and watering is stopped 1-2 days before harvesting.

[0014] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the soil pH in step (1) is 6.5-7.5.

[0015] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, 2000 nutrient bags are placed per mu in step (3).

[0016] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the nutrient bag is sprayed with water once in the first two days after being placed, and no water is irrigated 3 days after the nutrient bag is placed in step (3).

[0017] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the temperature in the mushroom growing shed is maintained at 8-20℃, and the air humidity is maintained at 85-90%.

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, when the present application relates to the percentage between liquids, the percentage is a volume / volume percentage; when the present application relates to the percentage between a liquid and a solid, the percentage is a volume / weight percentage; when the present application relates to the percentage between a solid and a liquid, the percentage is a weight / volume percentage; and the rest is a weight / weight percentage.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has beneficial technical effects, including:

[0020] The present application uses Morchella angusticeps, Morchella esculenta and Morchella sextelata to be sowed in pairs or all three of them to be sowed, and a planting method for mixed sowing is scientifically screened, so that each species produces mushrooms at the most suitable temperature. Compared with single sowing, the present application not only widens the mushroom production temperature range and prolongs the mushroom production period by 10-20 days, greatly improves the risk resistance ability of not producing mushrooms in extreme conditions, but also increases the yield by more than 55%, increases the high-quality product rate by more than 15%, and significantly improves the market value. At the same time, the cost is saved, and it is suitable for large-scale production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present application is described below with reference to examples. However, the present application is not limited to the examples.

[0022] The cultivars used in the examples are: Morchella angusticeps (Morchella chuan 1, Sichuan Inspection Mushroom 2013007), Morchella sextelata (Morchella chuan 6, Sichuan Inspection Mushroom 2016012), and Morchella septelata (Morchella chuan 7, Sichuan Inspection Mushroom 2020001), all commercially available from Sichuan Jindi Tianlingjian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The inspection or identification unit of each Morchella is Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi. The field cultivation test (soil pH 6.5-7.5) was selected in Taixing Town, Xindu District, Chengdu City.

[0023] The specific seeding method is:

[0024] 1. Water the soil before seeding to ensure that the soil moisture is 85%-95% to allow the spawn to revive quickly after seeding;

[0025] 2. Seed according to Table 1, bag the spawn in 17cm*35cm polypropylene bags, and seed 15m 2 The total amount of seeding is 6 bags:

[0026] 3. On the third day after seeding, water the soil tillage layer thoroughly for the first time, and the humidity is higher than that before seeding. Thereafter, keep the soil surface moist.

[0027] 4. After seeding, white mold forms on the surface of the soil, and the nutrient bags (12x20 polypropylene bags, commercially available from Jindi Tianlingjian) can be placed. The amount used per mu is 2000 bags. Spray water once in the first two days of placing the nutrient bags to improve the mycelial activity and allow it to quickly enter the nutrient bags to absorb nutrients. Do not water for 3 days after placing the nutrient bags to prevent water from flowing into the nutrient bags from the holes, causing contamination of the nutrient bags.

[0028] 5. During the formation of primordia and the young mushroom stage, the soil moisture only needs to be maintained at a surface level. Spray water in small amounts and multiple times each day as needed. During the mature stage of the fruiting body, supplement water in small amounts and multiple times to increase air humidity. Stop watering 1-2 days before harvesting. The temperature in the mushroom shed is maintained between 8-20°C, and the air humidity is maintained at 85-95%. When the cap of the Morchella grows to 4-8cm and the ribs and pits are clearly visible, the Morchella can be harvested.

[0029] The observation results show that, in terms of mushrooming time, Morchella angusticeps mushrooms first, Morchella sextelata mushrooms second, and Morchella septelata mushrooms last. The yield, fine product rate, and mushrooming period of each group are shown in Table 1. Fine product rate = fine Morchella / total Morchella * 100%, where fine Morchella is mature Morchella fruiting body cap 4-8cm, without damage, insect damage, disease, etc. The mushrooming period is the time from the appearance of primordia to the end of harvesting mature fruiting bodies.

[0030] Table 1

[0031]

[0032] The above description of specific embodiments of the application does not limit the application, and various changes or modifications can be made to the application by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application, and all such changes or modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An efficient method for cultivating morel mushrooms, wherein the morel mushrooms are mixed and sown, and the morel mushrooms are any two or three of the following: morel mushrooms: morel mushrooms, morel mushrooms, and morel mushrooms. The two mixed sowing methods mentioned are: mixed sowing of morel mushrooms and morel mushrooms in a ratio of 3:7, mixed sowing of morel mushrooms and morel mushrooms in a ratio of 1:1, and mixed sowing of morel mushrooms and morel mushrooms in a ratio of 1:

1. The three mixed sowing methods refer to the sowing of morel mushrooms, morel mushrooms, and morel mushrooms in equal proportions. The morel mushrooms are all of Sichuan type 1, the morel mushrooms are all of Sichuan type 6, and the morel mushrooms are all of Sichuan type 7.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed sowing method comprises the following steps: (1) Water the soil before sowing to ensure that the soil moisture is between 85% and 95%; (2) Water the soil thoroughly on the third day after sowing, and the humidity should be higher than that before sowing. (3) Place nutrient bags after the mycelium emerges from the soil and grows on the surface on the 5th-6th day after sowing; (4) Spray water in small amounts and frequently during the primordia formation and young mushroom stage to keep the soil surface moist. Replenish water in small amounts and frequently during the fruiting body maturation stage to maintain air humidity at 85-90%. Stop watering 1-2 days before harvest.

3. The method as described in claim 2, wherein the soil pH in step (1) is 6.5-7.

5.

4. In the method described in claim 2, in step (3), 2000 nutrient bags are placed per acre.

5. In the method described in claim 2, in step (3), water is sprayed once for the first two days after the nutrient bag is placed, and no water is applied for the next three days after the nutrient bag is placed.

6. As described in claim 2, the temperature inside the mushroom growing shed is maintained between 8-20℃ and the air humidity is maintained between 85-90%.

Images