Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material based on solid waste material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic materials, and provides a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material based on solid waste materials, a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation raw materials of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material comprise tailings 50-60 parts, cementing materials 20-30 parts, a foaming agent 0.8-1.5 parts, a pore-forming agent 0.5-1.5 parts, and a foam stabilizer 0.3-0.8 parts.The tailings comprise iron tailings, tungsten tailings and feldspar tailings.The cementing materials comprise red mud and blast furnace slag.The porous sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material has excellent compressive strength and porosity, has the advantages of good sound-absorbing and sound-insulating effect, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and good weather resistance, and is widely used in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating boards of high-speed railways and subways and the like.The raw materials have a wide source and low cost, can consume a large amount of solid waste materials, realize efficient comprehensive utilization of various solid wastes, reduce the cost on the basis of ensuring the strength, and are green and environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic materials, and in particular to a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material based on solid waste materials, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Porous sound-absorbing materials have a large number of three-dimensional through-holes inside, which causes some of the sound waves to be converted into heat energy and dissipated when they enter the material due to air friction. At the same time, the refraction and diffuse reflection of the sound waves inside the material also help to dissipate sound energy, thereby achieving the purpose of sound absorption and noise reduction. Currently, the commonly used sound-absorbing materials are mainly (1) Fibers: They are easy to break, have low tensile strength, and their sound absorption performance drops sharply when they come into contact with water. They cannot be used alone and require composite protection devices; (2) Particles: The strength and sound absorption coefficient of sintered products cannot be matched. They have good fire resistance and are easy to install, but their mechanical properties are poor, their durability is poor, and the particles are easy to fall off; (3) Organic foams: They have the advantages of being lightweight, heat-insulating, fireproof, and not easy to age, but their strength is low, they are flammable, and they cause a lot of pollution; (4) Metal porous sound-absorbing materials: They are expensive. The above-mentioned sound-absorbing materials are limited in their application due to some defects.

[0003] Foamed ceramic porous materials are a new type of material developed in recent years, possessing advantages such as high porosity, low thermal conductivity, light weight, high hardness, thermal shock resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and good mechanical strength. Foamed ceramic boards are characterized by light weight, good water resistance, fire retardancy, small deformation coefficient, aging resistance, and stable performance. The sound absorption performance of foamed ceramic porous materials lies in the creation of numerous interconnected micropores from the inside out through a specific molding process. Based on the principle of micropore sound absorption, incident sound waves enter the micropores, causing air vibration, resulting in air friction and viscosity. The sound wave energy is continuously converted from kinetic energy into heat energy, gradually attenuating the sound wave energy and achieving noise reduction. Therefore, the porosity and pore shape of foam ceramics have a significant impact on their noise reduction performance. High-speed rail, subway, and other transportation projects are increasingly using foamed ceramic sound-absorbing panels and sound barriers, significantly reducing track noise.

[0004] Existing foamed ceramics suffer from problems such as low strength, inability to withstand the impact of high-intensity airflow in orbits, lack of numerous interconnected micropores, low porosity, uneven pore size, and limited noise reduction performance. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a foamed ceramic material with small and uniform pores, good strength, and sound absorption and insulation properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material based on solid waste materials, its preparation method, and its application.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material based on solid waste materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0008] Tailings 50-60 parts, cementitious material 20-30 parts, foaming agent 0.8-1.5 parts, pore-forming agent 0.5-1.5 parts, foam stabilizer 0.3-0.8 parts;

[0009] The tailings include iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and feldspar tailings; the cementing material includes red mud and blast furnace slag.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and feldspar tailings is 20-30:10-20:4-8; the feldspar tailings are sodium feldspar tailings or potassium feldspar tailings; and the mass ratio of the red mud and blast furnace slag is 3-5:1.

[0011] Preferably, the foaming agent comprises silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide; the mass ratio of silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide is 2-4:1-3:1-3.

[0012] Preferably, the pore-forming agent comprises polymethyl methacrylate, starch, and toner, wherein the mass ratio of polymethyl methacrylate, starch, and toner is 2-4:1:1-3.

[0013] Preferably, the foam stabilizer is calcium stearate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

[0014] Preferably, the tailings and cementitious materials have independent particle sizes of 50–100 μm, the foaming agent has a particle size of 20–65 μm, and the carbon powder has a particle size of 3–10 μm.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material, comprising the following steps:

[0016] 1) The tailings, cementitious materials, foaming agent, pore-forming agent, foam stabilizer and water are mixed and wet ball-milled to obtain a slurry;

[0017] 2) The slurry is sequentially molded, dried and sintered to obtain sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic materials based on solid waste materials.

[0018] Preferably, the mass of water is 45-60% of the sum of the mass of tailings and cementitious materials; in wet ball milling, the ball-to-material ratio is 1-2:1, and the milling time is 30-60 min;

[0019] The molding pressure is 3-6 MPa, the molding time is 5-10 min; the drying temperature is 120-140℃, and the drying time is 5-8 h.

[0020] Preferably, the sintering is carried out in stages: the first sintering temperature is 500-600℃ and the holding time is 0.5-1.0h; the second sintering temperature is 800-900℃ and the holding time is 0.5-1.0h; the third sintering temperature is 1050-1100℃ and the holding time is 1-3h.

[0021] The heating rate to the first sintering temperature is 2-3℃ / min, the heating rate to the second sintering temperature is 1-2℃ / min, and the heating rate to the third sintering temperature is 3-4℃ / min.

[0022] The present invention also provides the application of the aforementioned sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating panels.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention include the following:

[0024] 1) The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention uses all solid waste raw materials. The raw materials are widely available and inexpensive. It can consume a large amount of solid waste materials, realize the efficient comprehensive utilization of various solid wastes, reduce costs while ensuring strength, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0025] 2) The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material prepared by the method of the present invention, under the action of foaming agent, pore-forming agent and foam stabilizer, the solid waste material is sintered into a high-viscosity molten state, generating a large amount of gas. Under the combined action of gas volatilization and primary mineral volume expansion, open pores and closed pores with a three-dimensional spatial network honeycomb structure are formed. The pore structure is relatively uniform and has both open and closed pore types. The prepared sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material has excellent sound absorption and sound insulation performance in the full frequency range and good noise reduction durability.

[0026] 3) The porous sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention has both excellent compressive strength and porosity, and has the advantages of good sound absorption and sound insulation effect, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and weather resistance. It is widely used in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating panels for rail transit (such as high-speed railways, subways and highways), building materials (such as sound insulation wall panels), and industrial equipment (such as compressor rooms and power plants). Detailed Implementation

[0027] This invention provides a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material based on solid waste materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0028] Tailings 50-60 parts, cementitious material 20-30 parts, foaming agent 0.8-1.5 parts, pore-forming agent 0.5-1.5 parts, foam stabilizer 0.3-0.8 parts;

[0029] The tailings include iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and feldspar tailings; the cementing material includes red mud and blast furnace slag.

[0030] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention contains 50 to 60 parts of tailings, preferably 52 to 58 parts, and more preferably 54 to 55 parts.

[0031] In this invention, the mass ratio of iron tailings, tungsten tailings and feldspar tailings is preferably 20-30:10-20:4-8, more preferably 22-28:12-18:5-7, and even more preferably 24-25:15-16:6; the feldspar tailings are preferably sodium feldspar tailings or potassium feldspar tailings.

[0032] Tailings contain alkali metal oxides, which can effectively reduce the firing temperature of materials and form a large amount of liquid glass phase, thus acting as a flux.

[0033] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention comprises 20 to 30 parts of cementitious material, preferably 22 to 28 parts, and more preferably 24 to 25 parts.

[0034] The main components of the tailings and cementing materials of this invention are silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide. The components of different types of solid waste work together synergistically. Silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide are transformed into crystalline phases such as anorthite and mullite at high temperatures. Anorthite and mullite have the characteristics of high hardness, high stability, and good mechanical properties.

[0035] In this invention, the mass ratio of red mud to blast furnace slag is preferably 3 to 5:1, more preferably 3.5 to 4.5:1, and even more preferably 4:1.

[0036] In this invention, red mud and blast furnace slag possess excellent sound insulation properties. Red mud, a highly alkaline waste residue discharged during alumina extraction in the aluminum industry, can improve the strength of ceramics. Its strong alkalinity allows for effective activation without the need for an activator. Blast furnace slag, specifically steelmaking blast furnace slag, effectively replenishes CaO and Al2O3, contributing to improved material strength. The pores and cracks within the material allow sound waves to be repeatedly refracted after passing through the tiny pores, thus blocking sound propagation and achieving sound absorption and insulation.

[0037] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention contains 0.8 to 1.5 parts of foaming agent, preferably 1.0 to 1.3 parts, and more preferably 1.1 to 1.2 parts.

[0038] In this invention, the foaming agent preferably comprises silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide; the mass ratio of silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide is preferably 2-4:1-3:1-3, more preferably 2.5-3.5:

[0039] 1.5~2.5:1.5~2.5, more preferably 3:2:2.

[0040] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention contains 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a pore-forming agent, preferably 0.7 to 1.2 parts, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.0 parts.

[0041] In this invention, the pore-forming agent preferably comprises polymethyl methacrylate, starch and toner, and the mass ratio of polymethyl methacrylate, starch and toner is preferably 2-4:1:1-3, more preferably 2.5-3.5:1:1.5-2.5, and even more preferably 3:1:2.

[0042] In this invention, polymethyl methacrylate and starch have the characteristics of melting and decomposition, forming pores in the matrix material. By reasonably controlling the amount of polymethyl methacrylate, starch and carbon powder, uniformly distributed pores can be formed, thereby increasing the porosity. By reasonably controlling the heating rate, it is possible to prevent the pore-forming agent from decomposing too quickly, which could lead to the denaturation or cracking of the porous material.

[0043] The combination of pore-forming agent and foaming agent in this invention can regulate the porosity, pore size and uniformity of foamed ceramics. Using iron tailings, tungsten tailings, feldspar tailings, red mud and blast furnace slag as solid waste raw materials, by rationally selecting the type and amount of pore-forming agent and foaming agent, and rationally controlling the sintering process, foamed ceramic materials with good strength and excellent sound absorption and sound insulation performance can be obtained.

[0044] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention contains 0.3 to 0.8 parts of foam stabilizer, preferably 0.4 to 0.7 parts, and more preferably 0.5 to 0.6 parts.

[0045] In this invention, the foam stabilizer is preferably calcium stearate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

[0046] In this invention, the particle size of the tailings and cementitious material is preferably 50-100 μm, more preferably 60-90 μm, and even more preferably 70-80 μm; the particle size of the foaming agent is preferably 20-65 μm, more preferably 30-55 μm, and even more preferably 35-50 μm; the particle size of the carbon powder is preferably 3-10 μm, more preferably 5-8 μm, and even more preferably 6-7 μm.

[0047] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material, comprising the following steps:

[0048] 1) The tailings, cementitious materials, foaming agent, pore-forming agent, foam stabilizer and water are mixed and wet ball-milled to obtain a slurry;

[0049] 2) The slurry is sequentially molded, dried and sintered to obtain sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic materials based on solid waste materials.

[0050] In this invention, the water content is preferably 45-60% of the combined mass of tailings and cementing material, more preferably 50-55%; in wet ball milling, the ball-to-material ratio is preferably 1-2:1, more preferably 1.5:1; the ball milling time is preferably 30-60 min, more preferably 40-50 min, and more preferably 45 min.

[0051] In this invention, the molding pressure is preferably 3-6 MPa, more preferably 4-5 MPa, and even more preferably 4.5 MPa; the molding time is preferably 5-10 min, more preferably 6-9 min, and even more preferably 7-8 min; the drying temperature is preferably 120-140℃, more preferably 125-135℃, and even more preferably 130℃; and the drying time is preferably 5-8 h, and even more preferably 6-7 h.

[0052] In this invention, sintering is carried out in stages. The first sintering temperature is preferably 500-600℃, more preferably 520-580℃, and even more preferably 540-550℃, with a holding time preferably 0.5-1.0h, and even more preferably 0.75h. The second sintering temperature is preferably 800-900℃, more preferably 820-880℃, and even more preferably 840-850℃, with a holding time preferably 0.5-1.0h, and even more preferably 0.75h. The third sintering temperature is preferably 1050-1100℃, more preferably 1070-1090℃, and even more preferably 1080℃, with a holding time preferably 1-3h, and even more preferably 2h.

[0053] The heating rate to the first sintering temperature is preferably 2-3 °C / min, more preferably 2.2-2.8 °C / min, and even more preferably 2.5-2.6 °C / min; the heating rate to the second sintering temperature is preferably 1-2 °C / min, more preferably 1.2-1.8 °C / min, and even more preferably 1.4-1.5 °C / min; and the heating rate to the third sintering temperature is preferably 3-4 °C / min, more preferably 3.2-3.8 °C / min, and even more preferably 3.4-3.5 °C / min.

[0054] The present invention also provides the application of the aforementioned sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating panels.

[0055] In this invention, the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating panels are preferably used in rail transit (such as high-speed railways, subways, and highways), building materials (such as soundproof wall panels), and industrial equipment (such as compressor rooms and power plants).

[0056] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] The mineral composition and content of the iron tailings in the examples and comparative examples are as follows: quartz 60%, calcite 3%, dolomite 8%, amphibole 10%, chlorite 9%, mica 9%, with the remainder being impurities; the mineral composition and content of the tungsten tailings are as follows: quartz 27%, calcite 26%, grossular 37%, amphibole 5%, chlorite 5%; the feldspar tailings contain the following components by mass percentage: SiO2 72%, Al2O3 14%, CaO 2%, MgO 1%, Na2O 3%, K2O 5%, Fe2O3 3%; the red mud is red mud produced by the Bayer process, and the red mud contains the following components by mass percentage: SiO2 35%, Al2O3 20%, CaO 35%, Fe2O3 9%, MgO 0.8%, TiO2 0.2%; the blast furnace slag is steelmaking blast furnace slag.

[0058] The tailings have a particle size of 70 μm, the cementitious material has a particle size of 80 μm, the foaming agent has a particle size of 35 μm, the carbon powder has a particle size of 5 μm, the calcium stearate has a particle size of 80 nm, and the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has a particle size of 75 μm.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic board based on solid waste materials comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 52 parts tailings, 22 parts cementing material, 0.8 parts foaming agent, 0.7 parts pore-forming agent, and 0.3 parts foam stabilizer; the tailings consist of iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and albite tailings in a mass ratio of 22:12:7; the cementing material consists of red mud and blast furnace slag in a mass ratio of 3:1; the foaming agent consists of silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; the pore-forming agent consists of polymethyl methacrylate, starch, and carbon powder in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; and the foam stabilizer is calcium stearate.

[0061] Tailings and cementitious materials were mixed evenly to obtain a mixture. The mixture, foaming agent, pore-forming agent, foam stabilizer, and water (45% of the mixture's mass) were then mixed evenly and wet-milled to obtain a slurry. The wet-milling speed was 700 r / min, the grinding balls were zirconia balls with a diameter of 7 mm, the ball-to-material ratio was 1:1, and the milling time was 40 min. The slurry was pressed under a pressure of 4 MPa for 10 min to obtain a molding material. The molding material was cured at 25℃ and 80% humidity for 24 h, then dried at 125℃ for 7 h, and then sintered to obtain a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic plate. The sintering process was as follows: the temperature was increased from room temperature to 520℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min and held for 1.0 h; then the temperature was increased from 520℃ to 820℃ at a rate of 1.2℃ / min and held for 1.0 h; finally, the temperature was increased from 820℃ to 1070℃ at a rate of 3.2℃ / min and held for 3 h.

[0062] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic plate of Example 1 has a porosity of 83% and an apparent porosity of 28%.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic board based on solid waste materials comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts tailings, 28 parts cementing material, 1.3 parts foaming agent, 1.2 parts pore-forming agent, and 0.7 parts foam stabilizer; the tailings consist of iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and potassium feldspar tailings in a mass ratio of 28:16:4; the cementing material consists of red mud and blast furnace slag in a mass ratio of 5:1; the foaming agent consists of silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide in a mass ratio of 4:1:3; the pore-forming agent consists of polymethyl methacrylate, starch, and carbon powder in a mass ratio of 4:1:3; and the foam stabilizer is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

[0065] Tailings and cementitious materials were mixed evenly to obtain a mixture. The mixture, foaming agent, pore-forming agent, foam stabilizer, and water (55% of the mixture's mass) were then mixed evenly and wet-milled to obtain a slurry. The wet-milling speed was 750 r / min, the grinding balls were zirconia balls with a diameter of 7 mm, the ball-to-material ratio was 2:1, and the milling time was 50 min. The slurry was pressed under a pressure of 5 MPa for 6 min to obtain a molding material. The molding material was cured at 25℃ and 80% humidity for 35 h, then dried at 135℃ for 5 h, and then sintered to obtain a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic plate. The sintering process was as follows: the temperature was increased from room temperature to 580℃ at a rate of 2.8℃ / min and held for 0.5 h; then the temperature was increased from 580℃ to 880℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min and held for 0.5 h; finally, the temperature was increased from 880℃ to 1100℃ at a rate of 3.8℃ / min and held for 1 h.

[0066] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic plate of Example 2 has a porosity of 81% and an apparent porosity of 26%.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic board based on solid waste materials comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts tailings, 25 parts cementing material, 1.1 parts foaming agent, 1.0 part pore-forming agent, and 0.5 parts foam stabilizer; the tailings consist of iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and albite tailings in a mass ratio of 25:15:6; the cementing material consists of red mud and blast furnace slag in a mass ratio of 4:1; the foaming agent consists of silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide in a mass ratio of 3:2:2; the pore-forming agent consists of polymethyl methacrylate, starch, and carbon powder in a mass ratio of 3:1:2; and the foam stabilizer is calcium stearate.

[0069] Tailings and cementitious materials were mixed evenly to obtain a mixture. The mixture, foaming agent, pore-forming agent, foam stabilizer, and water (50% of the mixture's mass) were then mixed evenly and wet-milled to obtain a slurry. The wet ball milling speed was 700 r / min, using 7 mm diameter zirconia balls at a ball-to-material ratio of 1.5:1, and the milling time was 45 min. The slurry was then pressed at 4.5 MPa pressure for 7 min to obtain a molding material. After curing at 25℃ and 80% humidity for 30 hours, the ceramic panels are dried at 130℃ for 7 hours and then sintered to obtain sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic panels. The sintering process is as follows: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 550℃ at a rate of 2.5℃ / min and held for 0.75 hours; then the temperature is increased from 550℃ to 850℃ at a rate of 1.5℃ / min and held for 0.75 hours; finally, the temperature is increased from 850℃ to 1080℃ at a rate of 3.5℃ / min and held for 2 hours.

[0070] The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic plate of Example 3 has a porosity of 85% and an apparent porosity of 27%.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] The red mud and blast furnace slag of Example 3 are omitted, as is polymethyl methacrylate in the pore-forming agent. Other conditions are the same as in Example 3.

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] The albite tailings and tungsten tailings of Example 3 are omitted, as is the fluorite powder in the foaming agent, and other conditions are the same as in Example 3.

[0075] Comparative Example 3

[0076] The calcium stearate and red mud of Example 3 are omitted. The foaming agent is composed of silicon carbide and fluorite powder in a mass ratio of 5:1. The sintering process is as follows: the temperature is raised from room temperature to 850°C at a rate of 5°C / min and held for 1.5h; then the temperature is raised from 850°C to 1150°C at a rate of 6°C / min and held for 2h.

[0077] The sound absorption and sound insulation performance and compressive strength of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic panels of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The sound absorption and sound insulation performance was tested using a JTZB standing wave tube, and the measurement process followed GBJ88-85 "Standing Wave Tube Method for Measurement of Sound Absorption Coefficient and Acoustic Impedance". The test block diameter was 10 cm. The sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation of the test block were measured at 11 frequencies: 200Hz, 250Hz, 315Hz, 400Hz, 500Hz, 630Hz, 800Hz, 1000Hz, 1250Hz, 1600Hz, and 2000Hz. The average sound absorption coefficient and the average sound insulation of the ceramic panel were taken as the average sound absorption coefficient and the average sound insulation of the ceramic panel. The compressive strength was tested according to GB / T17671-1999 "Test Method for Strength of Cement Mortar". The dried sample was made into a size of 160mm×40mm×40mm and tested using a WDW-2000 microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine.

[0078] Table 1 Performance test results of different sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic panels

[0079] project Average sound absorption coefficient Average sound insulation / dB Compressive strength / MPa Example 1 0.79 60 9.2 Example 2 0.82 59 9.0 Example 3 0.84 63 9.8 Comparative Example 1 0.65 42 5.6 Comparative Example 2 0.61 45 5.2 Comparative Example 3 0.57 41 4.9

[0080] As shown in Table 1, the porous sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention possesses both excellent compressive strength and porosity, and has advantages such as good sound absorption and sound insulation effect and high mechanical strength. At the same time, in the porous sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material of the present invention, each raw material and its dosage and calcination process are interconnected as a whole. Changing any raw material or dosage, or changing the calcination process parameters, will reduce the performance of the ceramic material. The method of the present invention significantly reduces the calcination temperature, reduces energy consumption, and saves energy and reduces emissions.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material based on solid waste materials, characterized in that, The preparation raw materials comprise the following parts by weight: Tailings 50-60 parts, cementitious material 20-30 parts, foaming agent 0.8-1.5 parts, pore-forming agent 0.5-1.5 parts, foam stabilizer 0.3-0.8 parts; The tailings include iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and feldspar tailings; the cementing material includes red mud and blast furnace slag. The foaming agent comprises silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide; the mass ratio of silicon carbide, fluorite powder, and iron oxide is 2~4:1~3:1~3; The pore-forming agent comprises polymethyl methacrylate, starch, and toner, wherein the mass ratio of polymethyl methacrylate, starch, and toner is 2-4:1:1-3. The foam stabilizer is calcium stearate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; The method for preparing the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material includes the following steps: 1) The tailings, cementitious materials, foaming agent, pore-forming agent, foam stabilizer and water are mixed and wet ball-milled to obtain a slurry; 2) The slurry is sequentially molded, dried, and sintered to obtain sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic materials based on solid waste materials; The sintering process is carried out in stages, with the first sintering temperature being 500~600℃ and the holding time being 0.5~1.0h. The second sintering temperature is 800~900℃, and the holding time is 0.5~1.0h; the third sintering temperature is 1050~1100℃, and the holding time is 1~3h. The heating rate to the first sintering temperature is 2~3℃ / min, the heating rate to the second sintering temperature is 1~2℃ / min, and the heating rate to the third sintering temperature is 3~4℃ / min.

2. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of iron tailings, tungsten tailings, and feldspar tailings is 20~30:10~20:4~8; the feldspar tailings are sodium feldspar tailings or potassium feldspar tailings; the mass ratio of red mud and blast furnace slag is 3~5:

1.

3. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle size of tailings and cementitious materials is 50~100μm, the particle size of foaming agent is 20~65μm, and the particle size of carbon powder is 3~10μm.

4. The method for preparing the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) The tailings, cementitious materials, foaming agent, pore-forming agent, foam stabilizer and water are mixed and wet ball-milled to obtain a slurry; 2) The slurry is sequentially molded, dried, and sintered to obtain sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic materials based on solid waste materials; The sintering process is carried out in stages, with the first sintering temperature being 500~600℃ and the holding time being 0.5~1.0h. The second sintering temperature is 800~900℃, and the holding time is 0.5~1.0h; the third sintering temperature is 1050~1100℃, and the holding time is 1~3h. The heating rate to the first sintering temperature is 2~3℃ / min, the heating rate to the second sintering temperature is 1~2℃ / min, and the heating rate to the third sintering temperature is 3~4℃ / min.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water mass is 45-60% of the sum of the tailings and cementitious materials mass; in wet ball milling, the ball-to-material ratio is 1-2:1, and the ball milling time is 30-60 minutes; The molding pressure is 3~6MPa, the molding time is 5~10min; the drying temperature is 120~140℃, and the drying time is 5~8h.

6. The application of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating ceramic material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating panels.