A method for promoting growth of passion fruit scion and increasing graft survival rate

Abstract

The application provides a method for promoting growth of passion fruit scion and improving graft survival rate, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivating rootstock; (2) cultivating scion: spraying the mixed nutrient solution of 85% phosphorus glycine diluent, 98% sodium phenylsulfonate diluent and 0.01% brassinolide diluent on the scion mother plant once, spraying 8% fresh amine ester and potassium nitrate solution once after 2 days, and promoting lateral bud germination; collecting lateral vine top bud as scion; (3) selecting sealing film as sealing grafting interface material; (4) grafting: adopting cutting bud grafting method; (5) moisture and temperature preservation management; (6) seedling nutrient management; and (7) seedling disease and pest control. The method sprays the nutrient solution for promoting lateral vine germination to accelerate lateral vine growth, simultaneously adopts bud grafting method combined with sealing film to seal the grafting interface, avoids residual water in the grafting interface caused by watering during growth, and avoids affecting graft survival rate due to difficult healing, so that the purpose of reducing grafting cost and improving graft survival rate is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of nursery stock breeding, and particularly relates to a method for promoting growth of guava scion and improving grafting survival rate. BACKGROUND

[0002] Guava has rich varieties, strong aroma, diversified taste, rich in vitamins, minerals and free amino acids, and is rich in nutrition and deeply loved by consumers. The market demand is large, and the cultivation area is continuously increasing, so the demand for guava planting seedlings is also continuously increasing. At present, guava planting mainly adopts the method of one-year-one-variety grafted seedling, so breeding guava grafted seedlings is a very important link, which affects the planting and production of guava and the healthy development of the industry.

[0003] At present, most guava seedling enterprises adopt the method of one leaf one scion for budding, and use rubber tubes to fix the scion. Although the speed is accelerated, the grafting survival rate is low, and the survival and death phenomenon occurs, thereby causing low seedling efficiency, high seedling cost, and even the problem that the seedling quality is questioned by the seedling purchaser. Therefore, improving the grafting efficiency and survival rate and reducing the seedling cost have important practical significance for the breeding and industrial development of guava seedlings. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the application provides a method for promoting growth of guava scion and improving grafting survival rate. The method sprays nutrient solution for promoting lateral shoot germination to accelerate the growth of lateral shoots, and adopts the method of budding combined with sealing film to seal the grafting interface, so as to avoid the problem that the residual water in the grafting interface caused by watering during the growth process leads to difficult healing, thereby affecting the grafting survival rate, and the purpose of reducing the cost of grafting materials and labor can be achieved.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following scheme:

[0006] A method for promoting growth of guava scion and improving grafting survival rate, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Rootstock cultivation: full yellow fruit guava seeds are sown in the seedling substrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and water are supplemented in time after the seeds germinate and grow roots, the health growth of the rootstock seedlings is ensured, 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed every week to control the growth and increase the thickness of the rootstock seedlings when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high, the wet leaf surface is not dripped with water, and the spraying is continuously performed for 2-3 times;

[0008] (2) Scion cultivation: In the vigorous growth period of the mother plant from which the scion is to be collected, 85% glycine phosphate diluent, 98% sodium phenol diluent, and 0.01% brassinolide diluent are sprayed in a ratio of 1:1:1 once, and 8% fresh amine and potassium nitrate solution are sprayed once after 2 days, all of which are sprayed on the leaves without dripping, so as to promote the growth of lateral buds; when the lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm, the top buds of the lateral shoots are collected for grafting preparation;

[0009] (3) Grafting component selection: a sealing film is used as the material for sealing the grafting port, which needs to be cut into a 5 cm long and 1.0-1.5 cm wide strip before grafting;

[0010] (4) Grafting: The cutting bud grafting method is adopted, and the fresh lateral shoot top buds on the mother plant are cut as scions with a length of 5-8 cm, which are cut obliquely on both sides; the rootstock is removed from the top, and is cut longitudinally from the horizontal surface, then the scion is inserted to ensure that at least one side of the phloem is attached, and the scion is wrapped with the cut sealing film strip to seal the grafting port;

[0011] (5) Moisture and temperature management: A small greenhouse is built for moisture and temperature preservation, and the grafted seedlings are arranged neatly in the small greenhouse; when the temperature is higher than 25°C, the sunshade net needs to be covered to reduce the temperature of the greenhouse to avoid burning the seedlings; after 3-5 days, it can be observed whether the seedlings survive, and then the small greenhouse is opened;

[0012] (6) Nutrient management of seedlings: The grafted guava seedlings are arranged neatly on the seedling raising frame, and water and wet foliage fertilizer are supplemented in time, and the lateral buds of the rootstock are also removed in time to avoid nutrient dispersion and affect the healthy growth of the scion, thereby prolonging the time of the seedlings to be transplanted; when the height of the guava seedlings reaches more than 35 cm, they can be transplanted;

[0013] (7) Disease and pest control: Disease and pest control should be carried out in time after the greenhouse is opened.

[0014] Specifically, the rootstock is cultivated to a height of 15-20 cm before grafting.

[0015] Specifically, the 85% glycine phosphate diluent in step (2) is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 35-40 g of 85% glycine phosphate; the 98% sodium phenol diluent is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 0.2-0.5 g of 98% sodium phenol; the 0.01% brassinolide diluent is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 25 ml of 0.01% brassinolide; the 8% fresh amine diluent is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 33-35 g of 8% fresh amine; and the potassium nitrate solution is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 50-60 g of potassium nitrate.

[0016] Specifically, the sealing film is parafilm.

[0017] Specifically, the disease and pest control adopts spraying propamocarb, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, emamectin benzoate or kasugamycin for prevention and control, and the existing prevention and control method is adopted.

[0018] The phosphorus, sodium, brassinolide, and amaranthine ester in the application are all plant growth regulators. The sodium plays a role in regulating plant nutrient absorption and improving disease prevention. The brassinolide can promote plant growth and improve quality by stem and leaf spraying treatment. In combination with the growth promotion and ripening effect of phosphorus, the side shoots are promoted to germinate and branch. The use of amaranthine ester and potassium nitrate can supplement the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer for new shoots, and the amaranthine ester plays a role in regulating and promoting the absorption of potassium elements by plants, while improving the content of chlorophyll, protein, and nucleic acid in the plant body, improving photosynthetic efficiency, improving carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the plant, enhancing the absorption of water and fertilizer by the plant, and improving and accelerating the growth and maturation of leaves.

[0019] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The application changes the traditional one leaf one scion into top bud grafting. The top bud has obvious apical dominance and contains high growth hormone, which can stimulate the rapid healing of the grafting interface and promote growth and survival. The application also sprays the combined nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the scion mother plant to quickly promote the axillary bud of the branch shoot to sprout, increase the number of top buds of the side shoots, and be beneficial to quickly increasing the grafting materials. The application adopts the top bud grafting method, which can sprout new branches 5-7 days earlier than the traditional one leaf one scion method.

[0021] 2. The application changes the existing grafting rubber sleeve and grafting film binding into parafilm sealing film direct sticking and sealing. This fixing scion operation is simple and does not need to be bound like grafting film. The tender top bud scion is not easy to be damaged, the grafting incision can be completely wrapped and sealed, the infection of pathogenic bacteria is blocked, and in the process of spraying water and fertilizer and other management, the phenomenon of water accumulation and pathogenic bacteria caused by rubber tube gap water accumulation does not occur.

[0022] 3. The production cost of the application is low. The cost of parafilm sealing film is 1 yuan for grafting 500 seedlings, which is obviously more economical than the cost of 62.5 yuan for grafting 500 seedlings with rubber tube.

[0023] 4. The application adopts the side shoot top bud grafting combined with the sealing of the grafting interface by the sealing film, which can effectively improve the grafting efficiency and survival rate. The grafting survival rate can reach about 98%, and the grafting material components and labor cost of seedling raising can be obviously reduced, thereby reducing the seedling raising cost and improving the economic benefit of seedling raising enterprises. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1is a schematic diagram of the guava nursery stock just grafted according to the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the guava nursery stock sprouting new shoots 7 days after grafting according to the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the guava nursery stock sprouting new shoots 15 days after grafting according to the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the guava nursery stock after grafting according to the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 is a planting diagram of the traditional grafting method of Comparative Example 1;

[0029] Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of the grafting method of the present application and Comparative Example 1; the left side is the grafted plant according to the present application, and the right side is the grafted plant according to Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with examples:

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for promoting the growth of guava scion and improving the grafting survival rate, comprising the following steps:

[0033] (1) Rootstock cultivation: Sow full yellow fruit guava seeds in the seedling substrate, and supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and water in time after the seeds germinate and grow roots to ensure the healthy growth of the rootstock seedlings; to prevent the rootstock seedlings from growing too tall, it is necessary to spray 0.15% dihydrogen potassium phosphate every other week when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high to control the growth and increase the thickness, with the wet leaf surface not dripping water as the criterion, and continuously spray for 2-3 times; when the rootstock is cultivated to 15-20 cm high, grafting work can be carried out.

[0034] (2) Scion cultivation: Spray 85% glycine phosphorus diluent (35 g of 85% glycine phosphorus added with 50 kg of water), 98% sodium phenylsulfonate diluent (0.2 g of 98% sodium phenylsulfonate added with 50 kg of water) and 0.01% brassinolide diluent (8% prohexadione calcium 33 g added with 50 kg of water) in a ratio of 1:1:1 once every 2 days to promote the sprouting of lateral buds for the mother plant (guava cultivar: Tainong No. 1) in the vigorous growth period; spray 8% prohexadione calcium and potassium nitrate solution once every 2 days to promote the sprouting of lateral buds; when the lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm, collect the top buds of the lateral shoots for grafting preparation;

[0035] (3) Selection of grafting components: parafilm sealing film is selected as the material for sealing the grafting port, and the sealing film needs to be cut into 5 cm long and 1.0-1.5 cm wide strips before grafting for standby use;

[0036] (4) Grafting: Take the cutting bud grafting method, cut the fresh lateral shoot top bud on the stock plant as the scion, 5-8 cm in length, both sides are obliquely cut; the rootstock is removed from the top, and then the scion is inserted to ensure that at least one side of the phloem is attached, and the grafting interface is wrapped with a fine strip of sealing film, and the cut is sealed by pulling and wrapping tightly;

[0037] (5) Moisture and temperature management: Build a small greenhouse for moisture and temperature management, and arrange the grafted seedlings in the small greenhouse. If the temperature is higher than 25℃ on sunny days, cover the greenhouse with shading net to reduce the temperature and prevent the seedlings from being burned by high temperature. After 3-5 days, observe whether the seedlings have survived, and then open the small greenhouse;

[0038] (6) Nutrient management of seedlings: Arrange the grafted guava seedlings on the seedling racks, and supplement water and spray wet foliage fertilizer in time. Also, remove the lateral buds of the rootstock in time to avoid nutrient dispersion and affect the healthy growth of the scion, thereby prolonging the time of the seedlings to be transplanted. When the height of the guava seedlings reaches more than 35 cm, they can be transplanted;

[0039] (7) Disease and pest control: After opening the greenhouse, timely disease and pest control should be carried out. Spray fungicides such as propamocarb, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, emamectin benzoate or kasugamycin to control corresponding diseases and pests.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A method for promoting the growth of guava scions and improving the survival rate of grafting, comprising the following steps:

[0042] (1) Rootstock cultivation: Sow plump yellow guava seeds in the seedling substrate. After the seeds germinate, supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and water in time to ensure the healthy growth of the rootstock seedlings. To prevent the rootstock seedlings from growing too tall, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every week when the seedlings are 15-20 cm tall to control the growth and increase the thickness. Spray continuously for 2-3 times, and when the rootstock is cultivated to 15-20 cm tall, grafting can be carried out.

[0043] (2) Scion cultivation: Spray 85% glycine phosphorus dilution (35 g of 85% glycine phosphorus added with 50 kg of water), 98% sodium phenylsulfonate dilution (0.2 g of 98% sodium phenylsulfonate added with 50 kg of water) and 0.01% brassinolide dilution (8% amino acid ester 33 g added with 50 kg of water) in a ratio of 1:1:1 on the mother plant (guava cultivar: Qinnian No. 9) during the vigorous growth period, and spray 8% amino acid ester and potassium nitrate solution every 2 days. Spray the foliage without dripping water to promote lateral bud germination. When the lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm, collect the lateral shoot top buds for grafting preparation;

[0044] (3) Grafting component selection: parafilm sealing film was selected as the material for sealing the grafting port, and the sealing film was cut into 5 cm long and 1.0-1.5 cm wide strips before grafting;

[0045] (4) Grafting: adopt the cutting grafting method, cut the fresh lateral shoot apical bud on the stock plant as the scion with a length of 5-8 cm, and make two oblique cuts; remove the top of the stock plant and make a longitudinal cut from the horizontal cut surface, then insert the scion to ensure that at least one side of the phloem is in contact, wrap the grafting port with the cut sealing film strip, and lightly pull and wrap to seal the cut;

[0046] (5) Moisture and temperature management: build a small greenhouse for moisture and temperature management, and arrange the grafted seedlings in the small greenhouse; when the temperature is higher than 25°C, cover the greenhouse with shading net to reduce the temperature and prevent the seedlings from being burned; after 3-5 days, observe whether the seedlings survive, and then open the small greenhouse;

[0047] (6) Nutrient management of seedlings: arrange the grafted and survived guava seedlings on the seedling raising frame, supplement water and spray foliar fertilizer in time, and also remove the lateral buds of the stock plant in time to avoid nutrient dispersion and affect the healthy growth of the scion, thereby prolonging the time of the seedlings to be transplanted; when the height of the guava seedlings reaches more than 35 cm, they can be transplanted;

[0048] (7) Disease and pest control: after opening the greenhouse, control diseases and pests in time by spraying appropriate fungicides such as propamocarb, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, emamectin benzoate or kasugamycin.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] The existing traditional grafting method was used for grafting, and the specific operation was as follows:

[0051] (1) Stock plant cultivation: sow full yellow guava seeds in the seedling substrate, and supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and water in time after the seeds germinate and grow roots to ensure the healthy growth of the stock plant; the stock plant is cultivated to a height of 15-20 cm, and the grafting operation is carried out, which is the same as that of Example 1.

[0052] (2) Scion cultivation: cut healthy branches of the scion variety mother plant (Taibao No. 1) with a length of 3-5 cm to ensure one leaf and one branch.

[0053] (3) Grafting component selection: select the existing plastic grafting tube;

[0054] (4) Grafting: adopt the insertion method, make two oblique cuts at the bottom of the scion, and prepare for use; remove the top of the stock plant and make a longitudinal cut from the horizontal cut surface, then insert the scion to ensure that at least one side of the phloem is in contact, and the half of the grafting tube is used to fix the scion;

[0055] (5) Moisture and temperature management: build a small greenhouse for moisture and temperature management, and arrange the grafted seedlings in the small greenhouse. When the temperature is higher than 25℃, cover the small greenhouse with a shading net to reduce the temperature and avoid high temperature from burning the seedlings. After 3-5 days, observe whether the seedlings survive, and then open the small greenhouse;

[0056] (6) Nutrient management of seedlings: arrange the grafted and survived guava seedlings on the seedling racks, and timely supplement water and spray wet foliage fertilizer. At the same time, timely remove the lateral buds of the stock to avoid nutrient dispersion and affect the healthy growth of the scion, thereby prolonging the time of the seedlings to be transplanted. When the height of the guava seedlings reaches more than 35 cm, the seedlings can be transplanted;

[0057] (7) Disease and pest control of seedlings: after opening the greenhouse, timely control the diseases and pests by spraying appropriate fungicides such as propamocarb, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, emamectin benzoate or kasugamycin.

[0058] The parameters of the production and planting of Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 are recorded in Table 1 as follows.

[0059] Table 1: Guava grafting condition record

[0060]

[0061] Note: The grafting component cost, grafting labor cost, and seedling management labor cost are calculated based on grafting 500 plants.

[0062] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that:

[0063] 1. In terms of growth and survival, the method of the present application (Example 1) can improve the 7-day grafting survival rate by 17-19% compared to the traditional method (Comparative Example 1), and the 15-day survival rate can be improved by 11%, and the branch budding time can be advanced by about 4-7 days. The main reasons are: (1) using lateral shoot apical buds for grafting, the growth hormone of the apical bud is high, which is more conducive to the budding of new branches and leaves, and the grafting survival rate is high and fast. (2) The grafting interface is sealed with the sealing film of the present application, which has good sealing effect and can effectively avoid the water retention caused by watering, spraying, etc., causing the grafting interface to be difficult to heal and bacterial infection, etc.

[0064] 2. In terms of production cost, the present application can save 61.5 yuan in grafting component cost for 500 plants compared to the traditional method, which can reduce the expenditure and save the cost for the production enterprises of seedling breeding. Moreover, the method of the present application has fast new leaf budding, high survival rate, and healthy growth, so the healthy guava seedlings can be transplanted when the height reaches 35 cm, and the transplanting time can be shortened by about 6-8 days compared to the traditional method. From the beginning of grafting to the transplanting of seedlings, the method of the present application can save 67.5-69.5 yuan compared to the traditional method in terms of cost.

[0065] The above examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Various modifications or variations of the present application, which are based on the technical solutions of the present application, can be made by those skilled in the art without deviating from the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for promoting growth of a passion fruit scion and increasing grafting survival rate, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Rootstock cultivation: Sow full yellow guava seeds in the seedling substrate, and supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and water in time after the seeds germinate to ensure the healthy growth of the rootstock seedlings. To prevent the rootstock seedlings from growing too fast, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every other week when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high to control the growth and increase the thickness. Spray wet leaves without dripping water for 2-3 times in succession; (2) Scion cultivation: Spray 85% phosphorus glycine, 98% sodium phenylsulfonate and 0.01% brassinolide diluents in a proportion of 1:1:1 once, and spray 8% fresh amine ester and potassium nitrate solution once every other day to promote the growth of lateral buds. The spraying is performed on the leaves without dripping water; (3) Grafting component selection: Select parafilm as the material for sealing the grafting interface, and cut the parafilm into strips with a length of 5 cm and a width of 1.0-1.5 cm for standby use before grafting; (4) Grafting: Take the cuttage budding method, cut the new lateral shoot apex of the scion mother plant with a length of 5-8 cm as the scion, and make two oblique cuts; remove the top of the rootstock, make a longitudinal cut from the horizontal cut surface, then insert the scion to ensure that at least one side of the phloem is attached, wrap the grafting interface with the cut parafilm strip, and lightly pull and wrap the cut interface; (5) Moisture and temperature management: Build a small greenhouse for moisture and temperature preservation, and arrange the grafted seedlings in the small greenhouse. When the temperature is higher than 25℃, cover the greenhouse with shading nets to reduce the temperature and prevent the seedlings from being burned by high temperature. After 3-5 days, observe whether the seedlings survive, and then open the small greenhouse; (6) Nutrient management of seedlings: Arrange the survived guava seedlings on the seedling frame, supplement water and spray wet foliage fertilizer in time, and also timely remove the lateral buds of the rootstock to prevent the nutrients from being dispersed and affecting the healthy growth of the scion, thereby prolonging the time for the seedlings to be transplanted. When the height of the guava seedlings reaches 35 cm or above, the seedlings can be transplanted; (7) Disease and pest control: Control the diseases and pests in time after the greenhouse is opened.

2. The method for promoting growth of passion fruit scion and increasing graft survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rootstock cultivation is completed when the height of the seedlings reaches 20-25 cm.

3. The method for promoting growth of passion fruit scion and increasing graft survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the 85% phosphorus glycine diluent is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 35-40 g of 85% phosphorus glycine, the 98% sodium phenylsulfonate diluent is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 0.2-0.5 g of 98% sodium phenylsulfonate, the 0.01% brassinolide diluent is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 25 ml of 0.01% brassinolide, the 8% fresh amine ester diluent is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 33-35 g of 8% fresh amine ester, and the potassium nitrate solution is prepared by adding 50 kg of water to 50-60 g of potassium nitrate.

4. The method for promoting growth of passion fruit scion and increasing grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parafilm is used as the sealing film.

5. The method for promoting growth of passion fruit scion and increasing grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diseases and pests are controlled by spraying propamocarb, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, emamectin benzoate or kasugamycin.

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