A blockchain-based ccER-cea transaction method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of CCER-CEA transaction methods based on blockchain, and the blockchain includes user chain and transaction chain;The user chain stores record with user information;The transaction chain stores record with smart contract, and the smart contract defines buyer user node and seller user node;The method comprises: when time reaches transaction period, the transaction chain receives transaction order and calls smart contract, to match both sides, obtain the best matching value.The application designs CCER-CEA transaction method based on blockchain, solves the technical problems, such as poor communication of CCER and CEA market information, slow transaction processing speed, in the related art, the application also discloses market information in real time through continuous bidding process, market subject can report at any time, transaction system is matched in time, it is helpful to improve market information transparency, weaken market information asymmetry, promote market full competition, while carbon product can be more flexibly in joint transaction market Clearing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of blockchains, in particular to a CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain. BACKGROUND

[0002] The transaction objects of the domestic carbon trading market mainly include two types of national certified voluntary emission reduction (CCER) and carbon quota (CEA). CEA is allocated to each enterprise by the local government according to certain rules, and the enterprise with surplus carbon emission quota can participate in the flow process of the carbon trading market by using part of the obtained quota to earn income. CCER is generated by forestry carbon sinks, wind power and photovoltaic power generation and other emission reduction projects, and the transaction price is often lower than the CEA transaction price, which can appropriately reduce the compliance cost of enterprises and is conducive to promoting the development of renewable energy. It is a complementary mechanism for current carbon emission right trading. However, the existing CEA and CCER trading market still has many problems.

[0003] 1) The CCER market has officially restarted, but there are still problems such as imperfect market system, non-transparent transaction volume and transaction price information, which leads to a high threshold for emission control enterprises to participate in CCER trading. In actual operation, the CCER is set with a cancellation ratio, source region and use time limit in each pilot market, which leads to limited CCER liquidity, and CCER that does not meet the conditions is idle in the market, resulting in a long-term oversupply of the CCER market.

[0004] 2) The carbon trading system involves a wide range of transaction data and a large number of data. Under the traditional carbon trading mode, there are problems such as low efficiency, information asymmetry, data opacity, lack of trust mechanism, and opaque quota trading process. It is difficult for users participating in the transaction to obtain global information and make optimal decisions. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the low transaction efficiency, lack of trust mechanism and CCER setting cancellation ratio in the existing carbon trading, the present application provides a CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain to solve the technical problems of poor communication of information and low transaction processing efficiency in the existing CCER and CEA market.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is:

[0007] A CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain, the blockchain comprising a user chain and a transaction chain; the user chain stores user information; the transaction chain stores an intelligent contract, and the intelligent contract defines a buyer user node and a seller user node;

[0008] The method comprises:

[0009] When the time reaches the transaction cycle, the transaction link receives the transaction order and calls the smart contract to match the buyer and seller to obtain the best matching value.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that:

[0011] The present application designs a CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain, solves the technical problems of poor communication of market information, slow transaction processing speed, etc. in the related art, and discloses market information in real time through a continuous bidding process, so that market subjects can report at any time, and the transaction system matches and completes the transaction in real time, which helps to improve market information transparency, weaken market information asymmetry, promote full market competition, and facilitate more flexible clearing of carbon products in the joint transaction market, which has practical engineering significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 The present application designs a CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain, solves the technical problems of poor communication of market information, slow transaction processing speed, etc. in the related art, and discloses market information in real time through a continuous bidding process, so that market subjects can report at any time, and the transaction system matches and completes the transaction in real time, which helps to improve market information transparency, weaken market information asymmetry, promote full market competition, and facilitate more flexible clearing of carbon products in the joint transaction market, which has practical engineering significance.

[0013] Figure 2 The present application designs a CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain, solves the technical problems of poor communication of market information, slow transaction processing speed, etc. in the related art, and discloses market information in real time through a continuous bidding process, so that market subjects can report at any time, and the transaction system matches and completes the transaction in real time, which helps to improve market information transparency, weaken market information asymmetry, promote full market competition, and facilitate more flexible clearing of carbon products in the joint transaction market, which has practical engineering significance.

[0014] Figure 3 The present application designs a CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain, solves the technical problems of poor communication of market information, slow transaction processing speed, etc. in the related art, and discloses market information in real time through a continuous bidding process, so that market subjects can report at any time, and the transaction system matches and completes the transaction in real time, which helps to improve market information transparency, weaken market information asymmetry, promote full market competition, and facilitate more flexible clearing of carbon products in the joint transaction market, which has practical engineering significance. Figure 4 ;

[0015] Figure 4 The present application designs a CCER-CEA transaction method based on a blockchain, solves the technical problems of poor communication of market information, slow transaction processing speed, etc. in the related art, and discloses market information in real time through a continuous bidding process, so that market subjects can report at any time, and the transaction system matches and completes the transaction in real time, which helps to improve market information transparency, weaken market information asymmetry, promote full market competition, and facilitate more flexible clearing of carbon products in the joint transaction market, which has practical engineering significance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Embodiment:

[0017] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Referring to FIG. Figure 1 The present application provides a blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method, and the deployment of the smart contract of the method in the blockchain is shown in FIG. Figure 2 The present application provides a blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method, and the deployment of the smart contract of the method in the blockchain is shown in FIG.

[0019] When the time reaches the transaction period, the transaction link collects the transaction order and calls the smart contract to match the buyers and sellers to obtain the best matching value until the end of the auction time or the buyers and sellers do not meet the transaction conditions, and the matched buyers and sellers can settle according to the smart contract. In this way, the present application designs a CCER-CEA transaction method based on the blockchain, solves the technical problems of poor communication of CCER and CEA market information, slow transaction processing speed and the like in the related art, and discloses the market information in real time through the continuous bidding process, so that the market subjects can declare at any time, and the transaction system can match and complete the transaction in real time, which helps to improve the market information transparency, weaken the market information asymmetry, promote the full competition of the market, and at the same time, the carbon products can be more flexibly cleared in the joint transaction market, which has practical engineering significance.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the transaction link collects the transaction order, which includes the declaration information of the buyers and the declaration information of the sellers; the declaration information of the buyers includes the total purchase amount B t , the purchase price B p and the purchase carbon product type, including only purchasing CEA or CCER, or simultaneously purchasing CCER and CEA; the declaration information of the sellers includes the CCER selling price S cp , the CCER selling amount S ct , the CEA selling price S ap and the CEA selling amount S at .

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the matching process of the buyers and sellers is as follows:

[0022] 1) The declaration information of the buyers is sorted in descending order according to the principle of “high purchase price priority, early submission time priority”; in the case of consistent purchase price and submission time, the buyer with more CCER purchase amount is allowed to have priority in transaction;

[0023] 2) The declaration information of the sellers is sorted in ascending order according to the principle of “low selling price priority, early submission time priority”; in the case of consistent selling price and submission time, the CCER seller is allowed to have priority in transaction;

[0024] 3) The optimal selling type of the sellers meets the demand of the optimal buyers, and the optimal bid-ask spread ΔP of the buyers and sellers is non-negative, so that the transaction can be completed; the actual transaction volume Q t is the smaller value of the optimal buyer's bid amount and the seller's allowed purchase amount, and the transaction price is the average of the bid prices of the two;

[0025] 4) The transaction sequence of the buyers and sellers is updated until the bid-ask spread ΔP is negative or the transaction period ends, and then the carbon transaction clearing ends.

[0026] In addition, the declaration information of the buyers and sellers needs to be constrained, and the specific declaration constraints are as follows.

[0027] Seller reporting mode one: when seller k clears CEA, seller submits the quantity of CEA to be cleared and the corresponding bid, with the following reporting constraints:

[0028] O min ≤S ap,k ≤O max

[0029] U min ≤S at,k ≤U max

[0030] wherein: S ap,k is the bid of seller k to clear CEA; S at,k is the quantity of seller k to clear CEA; O min and O max are the minimum and maximum bid allowed in the double auction market; U min and U max are the minimum and maximum quantity allowed in the double auction market.

[0031] Seller reporting mode two: when seller j clears CCER, seller submits the quantity of CCER to be cleared and the corresponding bid,

[0032] with the following reporting constraints:

[0033] O min ≤S cp,j ≤O max

[0034] U min ≤S ct,j ≤U max

[0035] wherein: S cp,j is the bid of seller j to clear CCER; S ct,j is the quantity of seller k to clear CEA.

[0036] Buyer reporting mode one: when buyer i only purchases CEA or CCER, buyer submits the total quantity of carbon products to be purchased and the corresponding bid, with the following reporting constraints:

[0037] O min ≤B p,i ≤O max

[0038] U min ≤B t,i ≤U max

[0039] wherein: B p,i is the bid of buyer i to purchase CEA or CCER; B t,iis the offer of the buyer i to purchase CEA or CCER.

[0040] Buyer declaration mode two: the buyer needs to purchase CCER and CEA at the same time, and the declaration price is constrained as follows:

[0041] O min ≤B p,i ≤O max

[0042] U min ≤B t,i ≤U max

[0043] In order to ensure the market transaction order, the transaction behavior of the participants at any time needs to be constrained, that is, the user participating in the auction cannot act as both the buyer and the seller at the same time.

[0044] The buyer and the seller can freely offer and change under certain constraints within the transaction period, and the number of changes is not limited. After the change, the transaction opportunity of the next round can be effectively improved.

[0045] In addition, the buyer selects the purchase type according to the demand. The buyer can choose to purchase only one carbon product or to purchase CCER and CEA at the same time. When the buyer can purchase CCER and CEA at the same time, the upper limit of the purchase of CCER needs to be determined. The upper limit of the purchase is determined by the actual transaction volume Q at of CEA t or the total purchase B a,i . There are different advantages, and the buyer decides according to the demand. The specific process is shown in Figures 3-4 .

[0046] Option one: when the buyer i only purchases CEA, only the corresponding seller is matched, and the corresponding constraint condition is as follows:

[0047] 0≤Q a,i ≤B t,i

[0048] In the formula: Q a,i is the actual transaction volume of CEA of the buyer i; B t,i is the declared volume of CEA purchased by the buyer i.

[0049] Option two: when the buyer i only purchases CCER, only the corresponding seller is matched, and the corresponding constraint condition is as follows:

[0050] 0≤Q c,i ≤B t,i

[0051] In the formula: Q c,i is the actual transaction volume of CCER of the buyer i; B t,i is the declared volume of CCER purchased by the buyer i.

[0052] Option three: the buyer i can buy CCER and CEA at the same time. Considering the carbon trading market in China sets a cap for CCER offset, if the offset ratio is too high, it actually increases the total supply, changes the supply and demand relationship of the carbon market, and thus affects the market price of the quota. Therefore, this paper also sets a trading cap for CCER, and the upper limit of the number of CCER purchased by the buyer is determined by the buyer's bid B t,i , and the clearing constraints are as follows:

[0053] 0≤Q c,i ≤B t,i ×R max %

[0054] B t,i ×(1-R max %)≤Q a,i ≤B t,i

[0055] Q c,i +Q a,i =Q t,i

[0056] Q t,i ≤B t,i

[0057] Q c,i is the actual CCER transaction volume of buyer i; Q a,i is the actual CEA transaction volume of buyer i; R max is the highest proportion of CCER allowed to be purchased by buyer i; B t,i is the bid of buyer i; Q t,i is the actual total transaction volume of buyer i. Before the matching of the buyer and the seller, the range of CCER allowed to be purchased has been determined, and the buyer and the seller can clear in turn according to the transaction sequence.

[0058] Option four: the buyer needs to buy CCER and CEA at the same time, and the upper limit of CCER purchased by the buyer is determined by the actual CEA transaction volume Q at,i of buyer i, and the clearing constraints are as follows:

[0059] 0≤Q c,i ≤Q a,i ×R max %

[0060] Q a,i ×(1-R max %)≤Q a,i ≤B t,i

[0061] Q c,i +Q a,i =Q t,i

[0062] Q t,i ≤B t,i

[0063] In the formula: R max The percentage represents the highest percentage of CCER purchases by the buyer relative to the actual transaction volume of CEA.

[0064] When the CCER trading volume is determined by the actual CEA trading volume (Qat), the range of CCER trading volume that the buyer is allowed to purchase cannot be determined before the match is made. In this case, the buyer is matched with the CEA seller according to the price priority rule. This method ensures that the proportion of CCER purchased by the buyer to the actual CEA trading volume does not exceed R. max %.

[0065] Furthermore, the quantity of CCERs and CEAs sold by the seller must not exceed the seller's carbon product balance, and the corresponding calculation method is as follows:

[0066] The emission reductions obtained by renewable energy companies from CCER projects are calculated using the baseline method, with photovoltaic power generation as an example for modeling. Baseline emissions are the product of the difference between the total electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation project and the base electricity generated by the power plant equipment, multiplied by the carbon emission factor. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula: BE n Let EG be the carbon dioxide emissions in year n. n Let EG be the total electricity generated by the project's activities over n years. baseline This refers to the basic electrical capacity of power plant equipment. It is a carbon emission factor.

[0069] This project replaces traditional fossil fuel power generation with photovoltaic (PV) power, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The emission reduction from this PV power station is calculated by subtracting the emissions caused by carbon leakage from the baseline emissions, using the following formula:

[0070] ER n =BE n -L n

[0071] Where: ER n L represents the greenhouse gas emission reduction of the photovoltaic power station project in year n; n This represents the emissions generated due to the leak in year n.

[0072] High-energy-consuming enterprises can allocate CEA (Carbon Emissions) using the historical intensity reduction method. The allocated amount is determined by the enterprise's CEA reduction coefficient β, actual electricity consumption, and carbon emissions generated from electricity consumption. The specific formula is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] In the formula: Q total CEA; E m Q represents the actual power consumption of device m; m Let m be the carbon emissions generated when equipment m consumes 1 MWh of electricity; β is the CEA reduction coefficient of the enterprise in this period, which is determined by the CCER purchase ratio c in this period and the CEA transaction completion ratio ω of the enterprise in the previous period. The formula for calculating β is as follows:

[0075] β=(1-c)ω+(1-q)θ

[0076] In the formula: c is the proportion of CCER purchased by the enterprise in the total CCER market during the current period; ω is the CCER market decline parameter, set by the regulatory authorities based on CCER market conditions; q is the completion ratio of the enterprise's CEA transactions in the previous period; θ is the CEA market decline parameter, set by the regulatory authorities based on CEA market conditions. The specific calculation formulas for c and q are as follows:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula: E CCER,m This refers to the amount of CCERs actually purchased by the controlled emission enterprise m during this period. This represents the total amount of CCERs purchased by high-energy-consuming enterprises during this cycle; Q actual,m Q represents the actual amount of CEA purchased by high-energy-consuming enterprise m in the previous cycle; expect,m This refers to the CEA demand submitted by the controlled emission enterprise m when submitting its sealing quotation in the previous cycle.

[0079] In steps 1) and 2) of the above-described matching process between buyers and sellers, the buyer's bid information is prioritized by price and time. Within the same trading period, the buyer with the highest bid is the optimal buyer and is matched with the seller first. The seller's bid information is prioritized by price and time. Within the same trading period, the seller with the lowest bid is the optimal seller and is matched with the buyer first.

[0080] The joint transaction method described above can maximize social benefits, and the corresponding objective function is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula: Q t,i Q represents the actual transaction volume of buyer i; a,k Q is the actual transaction volume of seller k's CEA; c,j B is the actual transaction volume of CCER for seller j; p,i This is the buyer's quote for purchasing CEA or CCER; S ap,kis the CEA offer of the seller k; S cp,j is the CCER offer of the seller j.

[0083] The actual transaction volume constraint between the buyer and the seller is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] In steps 1) and 2) of the matching process of the above buyer and seller, new buyers and sellers can join the continuous two-way auction in each round of transaction.

[0086] Specifically, in step 4) of the matching process of the above buyer and seller, the optimal bid-ask spread ΔP of the buyer and the seller is calculated, and the spread ΔP is non-negative, that is, it can be traded. When the bid volume of the buyer and the bid volume of the seller are different, if the actual transaction volume Q t is the bid volume of the buyer, the first element of the buyer queue is deleted; if the actual transaction volume Q t is the bid volume of the seller, the first element of the seller queue is deleted. When the bid volume of the buyer and the bid volume of the seller are the same, the first elements of the buyer queue and the seller queue are deleted at the same time, the transaction sequence is updated, the transaction volume is the bid volume of the buyer and the seller, and the transaction price is the average value of the bid price of the buyer and the bid price of the seller. When the transaction period ends, a round of CCER-CEA joint transaction based on the blockchain is completed

[0087] The method will be further described in detail in combination with an application scenario example:

[0088] Suppose that there are 6 buyers and 8 sellers (including 4 CCER sellers and 4 CEA sellers) in the joint market in the same transaction period, and the buyers and sellers do not change the bid price. The transaction information table corresponding to each enterprise is shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1 Transaction information table

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] In this transaction period, there are 3 rounds of transactions, and the CCER-CEA transaction method based on the blockchain provided by the application will be described in detail according to the above transaction conditions, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0093] In the first round of transaction, the buyers A, E and the sellers a, e, f make bid and ask, and the specific steps are as follows.

[0094] Step S110, the buyer and the seller are sorted according to the transaction order:

[0095] In the same transaction cycle, the buyers are sorted by price from high to low, and the sellers are sorted by price from low to high. The highest buyer and the lowest seller are matched first. The specific sorting is shown in the following table.

[0096] Table 2 First round of transaction data information

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Step S120, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0100] Table 3 Matching information of buyer E and seller a

[0101]

[0102] Buyer E only buys CEA, so buyer E and seller a are matched. It is worth noting that the optimal buyer-seller price difference is less than zero, and no further matching can be done. The buyer transaction sequence is updated, and the seller transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0103] Step S130, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0104] Table 4 Matching information of buyer A and seller e

[0105]

[0106] Buyer A and seller e are matched, and the matching amount is the minimum of the allowed purchase amount of the buyer and seller. Buyer A purchases 14t CCER from seller e at a transaction price of 35 yuan. But it does not reach the buyer's transaction target, and the seller's buyer transaction sequence is updated, and the buyer transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0107] Step S140, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0108] Table 5 Matching information of buyer A and seller a

[0109]

[0110] Buyer A allows the purchase of CCER to reach the upper limit, and the next can only match with CEA buyer. Buyer A and seller a are matched, and it is worth noting that the optimal buyer-seller price difference is less than zero, and no further matching can be done. This round of clearing is over. The specific results are shown below

[0111] Table 6 Clearing result information table

[0112] Buyer Purchase Volume CCER CEA Seller Remaining Volume A 14 14 0 e 1 E 0 0 0 f 10 a 110

[0113] Buyer A buys 14t CCER from seller e. Buyer E and seller f, seller a do not reach the transaction condition, and wait for the next round of transactions.

[0114] In the second round of transactions, new buyers and sellers join the continuous double auction, and the buyers and sellers who did not bid in the first round continue to clear. The specific steps are as follows:

[0115] Step S150, the buyers and sellers are sorted according to the transaction order:

[0116] In the same round of transaction time, the buyers are sorted from high to low according to the price, and the sellers are sorted from low to high according to the price. The highest buyer and the lowest seller are matched first. Among them, buyers A, E and sellers e, f, a are users who did not completely clear in the last round of transactions, and buyers B, F and sellers c, b are users participating in the second round of transactions. The specific sorting situation is shown in Table 7.

[0117] Table 7 Second round of transaction data information

[0118]

[0119] Step S160, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0120] Table 8 Matching information of buyer B and seller c

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] Considering that the CCER purchase limit of buyer B is determined by the actual transaction volume of CEA, buyer B is matched with CEA seller first. The bid volume of seller c exceeds 125t, that is, B t (1+R max %), so buyer B first buys 125t CEA from seller c at a transaction price of 47.5 yuan. From the table, there are CCER sellers with a lower price than the optimal CEA seller, and then match with the CCER seller.

[0124] Step S170, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0125] Table 9 Matching information of buyer B and seller e

[0126]

[0127] There is a cheaper CCER seller than the optimal CEA seller in the seller transaction sequence, so the buyer B matches with the CCER seller, and the buyer B can buy at most 125 x 20% tCCER. The buyer B and the seller e match, and the matching quantity is the minimum of the bid quantity of the buyer and the ask quantity of the seller. The buyer B buys 1 t CCER from the seller e, and the transaction price is 40. The buyer transaction target is not completed, the seller transaction sequence is updated, and the buyer transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0128] In step S180, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0129] Table 10: Matching information of buyer B and seller f

[0130]

[0131] The buyer B and the seller f match, and the matching quantity is the minimum of the bid quantity of the buyer and the ask quantity of the seller. The buyer B buys 10 t CCER from the seller f, and the transaction price is 45. The seller transaction sequence is updated.

[0132] In step S190, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0133] Table 11: Matching information of buyer B and seller c

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] The buyer B continues to buy CCER or CEA. The buyer B buys 5 t CEA from the seller c, and the matching quantity is the minimum of the bid quantity of the buyer and the ask quantity of the seller, and the clearing price is 50 yuan. The buyer transaction sequence is updated, and the seller transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0137] In step S200, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0138] Table 12: Matching information of buyer B and seller b

[0139]

[0140] The buyer B matches with the seller b, and the matching quantity is the minimum of the bid quantity of the buyer and the ask quantity of the seller. The buyer B buys 9 t CEA from the seller b, and the clearing price is 50 yuan. The buyer transaction sequence is updated, and the seller transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0141] In step S210, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0142] Table 13: Matching information of buyer E and seller b

[0143]

[0144] Buyer E matches with seller b, the optimal bid-ask spread is negative, and the bid-ask cannot match, and the round of clearing ends. The specific results are shown as follows:

[0145] Table 14: Clearing result information table

[0146] Buyer Purchase Volume CCER CEA Seller Remaining Volume B 150 11 139 e 0 E 0 0 6 f 0 F 0 0 0 c 0 A 14 14 0 b 131 a 110

[0147] Buyer B buys 130t CEA from seller c. Buyer B buys 1t CCER from seller e. Buyer B buys 10t CCER from seller f. Buyer B buys 9t CEA from seller b. The remaining bid-ask cannot reach the transaction condition, and waits for the next round of clearing.

[0148] In the third round of transactions, new bid-askers join the continuous double auction, and the first and second rounds of unissued bid-askers continue to clear, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0149] Step S220, the bid-ask is sorted according to the transaction order:

[0150] In the same round of transaction time, the buyers are sorted in descending order of price, and the sellers are sorted in ascending order of price. The highest bid and the lowest ask are matched first. Among them, buyers A, E, and F are users who have not completely cleared in the last round of transactions, and buyers C and D are users participating in the third round of transactions. The specific sorting situation is shown in Table 15:

[0151] Table 15: Third round of transaction data information

[0152]

[0153] Step S230, the bid-ask is matched in turn:

[0154] Table 16: Matching information of buyer E and seller d

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] Buyer E only buys CEA, so buyer E and seller d match, and the matching quantity is the minimum value of the bid-ask quantity. Buyer E buys 110t CEA from seller d, the transaction price is 40.5 yuan, and the buyer's transaction goal is achieved. Update the buyer's transaction sequence, and the seller's transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0158] Step S240, the bid-ask is matched in turn:

[0159] Table 17: Matching information of buyer C and seller d

[0160]

[0161] Considering that the upper limit of the CCER purchase of the buyer C is determined by the actual transaction volume, the CEA seller is matched with the buyer C first, and the matching volume is the minimum of the bid volume of the buyer and the ask volume of the seller. B t (1+R max %), the buyer C purchases 70 t of CEA from the seller d at a transaction price of 39 yuan, but does not reach the buyer transaction target, and the seller transaction sequence is updated, and the buyer transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0162] In step S250, the buyer and the seller are matched in turn:

[0163] Table 18: Matching information of buyer C and seller g

[0164] There is a cheaper CCER seller than the optimal CEA seller in the seller transaction sequence, so the buyer C is matched with the CCER seller. The buyer C can purchase a maximum of 70 x 15% t of CCER. The buyer C and the seller g are matched, and the matching volume is the minimum of the bid volume of the buyer and the ask volume of the seller. The buyer C purchases 10.5 t of CCER from the seller g at a transaction price of 35 yuan. The buyer transaction target is not completed, the seller transaction sequence is updated, and the buyer transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0165] In step S260, the buyer and the seller are matched in turn:

[0166] Table 19: Matching information of buyer C and seller b

[0167]

[0168]

[0169] Considering that the quantity of CCER purchased by the buyer C has reached the upper limit, the buyer is matched only with the CEA seller. The buyer C and the seller b are matched, and the optimal bid-ask spread is negative, so the buyer and the seller cannot be matched. The buyer transaction sequence is updated, and the seller transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0170] In step S270, the buyer and the seller are matched in turn:

[0171] Table 20: Matching information of buyer F and seller g

[0172]

[0173]

[0174] The buyer F purchases 14.5 t of CCER from the seller g at a transaction price of 34 yuan. The buyer transaction target is not completed, the seller transaction sequence is updated, and the buyer transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0175] Step S280, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0176] Table 21 Matching information of buyer F and seller h

[0177]

[0178] Buyer F purchases 40t CCER from seller h at a transaction price of 39 yuan. The buyer's transaction target is not completed, and the seller's transaction sequence is updated, while the buyer's transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0179] Step S290, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0180] Table 22 Matching information of buyer F and seller b

[0181]

[0182]

[0183] Buyer F only matches with CCER sellers. Therefore, the buyer's transaction sequence is updated, while the seller's transaction sequence remains unchanged.

[0184] Step S300, the buyers and sellers are matched in turn:

[0185] Table 23 Matching information of buyer A and seller b

[0186]

[0187] The optimal buyer-seller price difference is negative, and the buyers and sellers cannot match, and the current round of clearing ends. The specific results are shown below

[0188] Table 24 Clearing result information table

[0189] Buyer Purchase Volume CCER CEA Seller Remaining Volume B 150 11 139 e 0 E 110 0 110 f 0 F 54.5 54.5 0 c 0 A 14 14 0 b 131 C 80.5 10.5 70 a 110 D 0 0 0 d 0 g 0 h 0

[0190] Buyer E purchases 110t CEA from seller d. Buyer C purchases 70t CEA from seller d. Buyer C purchases 10.5t CCER from seller g. Buyer F purchases 14.5t CCER from seller g. Buyer F purchases 40t CCER from seller h. The remaining buyers and sellers do not reach the transaction conditions, and the current transaction clearing ends.

[0191] The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concepts and characteristics of the present application, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and implement it, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method, characterized in that, The blockchain includes a user chain and a transaction chain; the user chain stores user information; the transaction chain stores smart contracts, which define buyer user nodes and seller user nodes. The method includes: When the transaction cycle is reached, the transaction link receives the transaction order and calls the smart contract to match the buyer and seller and obtain the best matching value. The transaction link receives transaction orders that include the buyer's declaration information and the seller's declaration information; the buyer's declaration information includes the total purchase amount B. t and the purchase price B p The types of carbon products purchased include the option to purchase only CEA or CCER, or to purchase both CCER and CEA simultaneously; the seller's declared information includes the CCER selling price S. cp Report volume S ct and CEA quotes S ap Report volume S at ; The matching process between buyers and sellers is as follows: 1) Buyers' declarations are sorted in descending order according to the principle of "highest purchase price, earliest submission time"; if the purchase price and submission time are the same, buyers who purchase more CCERs are given priority. 2) Seller information is sorted in ascending order according to the principle of "lowest selling price, earliest submission time, and priority for transaction". If the selling price and submission time are the same, the CCER seller has priority for transaction. 3) A transaction can be completed when the optimal seller's offering type satisfies the optimal buyer's demand, and the bid-ask spread ΔP between the optimal buyer and seller is non-negative; the actual transaction volume Q t The transaction price is the average of the two quotes, which is the smaller of the optimal buyer's quoted quantity and the seller's allowed purchase quantity. 4) Update the buy and sell transaction sequence until the bid-ask spread ΔP becomes negative or the trading session ends, at which point the current round of transaction clearing ends; In step 4), the optimal bid-ask spread ΔP between the buyer and seller is calculated. A trade is executed if the bid-ask spread ΔP is non-negative. When the bid-ask volumes of the buyer and seller differ, if the actual trade volume Q... t For the buyer's reported volume, delete the first element of the buyer's queue; if the actual transaction volume Q t When a seller submits a quantity order, the first element of the seller's queue is deleted. When both the buyer and seller submit the same quantity order, the first element of both the buyer's and seller's queues is deleted simultaneously, the transaction sequence is updated, the transaction volume is the quantity submitted by both the buyer and seller, and the transaction price is the average of the bid and ask prices. When the transaction cycle ends, a round of blockchain-based CCER-CEA joint transaction is completed.

2. The blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The information submitted by both buyers and sellers is subject to constraints, specifically as follows: Seller's Declaration Method 1: When seller K clears out CEA, the seller submits the quantity of CEA to be cleared and the corresponding price quotation, subject to the following constraints: THE min ≤S ap,k ≤O max IN min ≤S at,k ≤U max In the formula: S ap,k It is the seller's (k) offer for clearing CEA; S at，k It is the quantity of CEA cleared by seller K; O min and O max The minimum and maximum bids allowed in a two-way auction market; U min and U max The minimum and maximum bid quantities allowed in a two-way auction market; Seller's Declaration Method Two: When seller J clears out CCERs, the seller submits the quantity of CCERs to be cleared and the corresponding price quote. The declaration constraints are as follows: THE min ≤S cp,j ≤O max IN min ≤S ct,j ≤U max In the formula: S cp,j It is the seller J's offer to clear out CCERs; S ct,j It is the quantity of CEA cleared by seller K; Buyer's Declaration Method 1: When buyer i only purchases CEA or CCER, the buyer submits the total amount of carbon products to be purchased and the corresponding price quote. The declaration constraints are as follows: THE min ≤B p,i ≤O max IN min ≤B t,i ≤U max In the formula: B p,i B is the quote from buyer i for purchasing CEA or CCER; t,i This is the quote from buyer i for purchasing CEA or CCER; Buyer's Submission Method Two: The buyer needs to purchase both CCER and CEA simultaneously, and the following constraints apply to the submitted price: THE min ≤B p,i ≤O max IN min ≤B t,i ≤U max 。 3. The blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clearing constraints differ depending on the type of transaction between the buyer and seller, including: Type 1: When the buyer can purchase both CCER and CEA simultaneously, the buyer also needs to determine the upper limit for purchasing CCER; firstly, the upper limit is determined by the actual transaction volume Q. t Or the total purchase amount B t The decision is made, and then the corresponding upper limit percentage R is determined. max % size; Type 2: The buyer only purchases CCER or CEA; the corresponding clearing constraints are as follows: When buyer i purchases only CEA, a deal is struck with the CEA seller, and the corresponding clearing constraints are as follows: 0≤Q a,i ≤B t,i In the formula: Q a,i B is the actual transaction volume of buyer i's CEA; t,i This refers to the declared quantity of CEA purchased by buyer i; When buyer i purchases only CCER, a match is made with the CCER seller, and the corresponding clearing constraints are as follows: 0≤Q c,i ≤B t,i In the formula: Q c,i B is the actual transaction volume of CCER for buyer i; t,i This refers to the number of CCERs purchased by buyer i.

4. The blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In the second type, Buyer i purchases both CCER and CEA simultaneously, and the maximum amount of CCER purchased is determined by the quantity quoted by buyer B. t,i ; Set a transaction cap for CCER, and impose clearing constraints as follows: 0≤Q c,i ≤B t,i ×R max % B t,i ×(1-R max %)≤Q a,i ≤B t,i Q c,i +Q a,i =Q t,i Q t,i ≤B t,i In the formula: Q t,i This represents the actual total transaction volume of buyer i. Buyer i purchases both CCER and CEA simultaneously, and the maximum amount of CCER purchased is determined by the actual transaction volume Q of buyer i's CEA. a,i The decision stipulates the following liquidation constraints: 0≤Q c,i ≤Q a,i ×R max % Q a,i ×(1-R max %)≤Q a,i ≤B t,i Q c,i +Q a,i =Q t,i Q t,i ≤B t,i 。 5. The blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The quantity of CCERs and CEAs sold by the seller shall not exceed the seller's carbon product balance.

6. The blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The quantity of CCERs and CEAs sold by the seller shall not exceed the seller's carbon product balance. The calculation method is as follows: The emission reductions obtained by renewable energy manufacturers from CCER projects are calculated using the baseline method. Taking photovoltaic power generation as an example, the calculation formula is as follows: In the formula: BE n Let EG be the carbon dioxide emissions in year n. n Let EG represent the total electricity generated by the project activities over year n. baseline This is the basic power supply for power plant equipment; For carbon emissions.

7. The blockchain-based CCER-CEA transaction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In steps 1) and 2), the buyer's declaration information is prioritized according to price and time; within the same transaction period, the buyer with the highest bid is the optimal buyer and is matched with the seller first; the seller's declaration information is prioritized according to price and time; within the same transaction period, the seller with the lowest bid is the optimal seller and is matched with the buyer first.

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