A drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board. A cube-shaped reference seat is provided with a cube-shaped reference groove in the middle. A drilling spindle is arranged in the middle of the cube-shaped reference seat. The end of the drilling spindle is connected with a drill bit, and the axis of the drill bit coincides with the axis of the drilling spindle. The axis of the drilling spindle coincides with the central axis of the cube-shaped reference groove. Distance sensors are respectively arranged on the central axes of the four inner side walls of the cube-shaped reference groove. The four distance sensors are located on the same horizontal plane. The distance sensors are used to detect the distance from the distance sensors to the outer wall of the drilling spindle, and the distance sensors are also used to detect the distance from the distance sensors to the outer wall of the drill bit. Compared with the prior art, the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to the present invention can ensure that the drilling spindle is in a completely vertical state, which plays an important role in improving the drilling accuracy, is beneficial to improving the processing quality of the PCB board, reducing the defective rate, and facilitating production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board.

Background Art

[0002] Drilling of a PCB board (Printed Circuit Board) is a key technology in the field of electronic manufacturing. With the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization, integration, and high performance, the PCB board drilling technology faces new challenges and problems.

[0003] In the existing PCB board drilling equipment, during the drilling operation, problems such as poor drilling accuracy due to the offset of the spindle or drill bit position may occur, seriously affecting the processing quality of the PCB board and being unfavorable for production.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention provides a drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board that can effectively solve the above problems.

[0005] A technical solution provided by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: providing a drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board, including:

[0006] A loading system, which is used to load the PCB board and limit the position of the PCB board;

[0007] A drilling system, which is used to drill the PCB board;

[0008] A high-precision positioning system, which is used to achieve precise calibration and positioning of the PCB board;

[0009] The drilling system includes a cube reference seat. A cube reference groove is provided in the middle of the cube reference seat. A drilling spindle is provided in the middle of the cube reference seat. A drill bit is connected to the end of the drilling spindle. The axis of the drill bit coincides with the axis of the drilling spindle. The axis of the drilling spindle coincides with the central axis of the cube reference groove;

[0010] Distance sensors are respectively provided on the central axes of the four inner side walls of the cube reference groove. The four distance sensors are on the same horizontal plane. The distance sensor is used to detect the distance from the distance sensor to the outer wall of the drilling spindle, and the distance sensor is used to detect the distance from the distance sensor to the outer wall of the drill bit.

[0011] Preferably, vertical sliding rails are respectively provided on the central axes of the four inner side walls of the cube reference groove. At least two bearings are connected to the drilling spindle. The two bearings are spaced at half the length of the drilling spindle, and the two bearings are respectively connected to the sliding rails through sliders.

[0012] Preferably, a driving mechanism is connected to the upper end of the drilling spindle. The driving mechanism drives the drilling spindle to rotate, and the drill bit is located at the lower end of the drilling spindle. The driving mechanism is connected to a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used to control the lifting of the drilling spindle.

[0013] Preferably, the cube reference base is made of marble and is in a fixed state.

[0014] Preferably, the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning the PCB board further includes an intelligent control system. The carrying system, the drilling system, and the high-precision positioning system are respectively connected to the intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system is used for overall coordinated control. The intelligent control system is connected to an alarm system, and the alarm system is connected to the intelligent control system.

[0015] Preferably, the carrying system includes a high-precision platform. A horizontal scanner is arranged on the side of the high-precision platform. The horizontal scanner is used to detect whether the high-precision platform is in a horizontal state, and the high-precision platform is connected to a leveling mechanism.

[0016] Preferably, the high-precision positioning system is located on the side between the carrying system and the drilling system. The high-precision positioning system constructs an XY coordinate system on the high-precision platform of the carrying system, and the vertical projection of the drill bit on the high-precision platform coincides with the origin O of the XY coordinate system.

[0017] Preferably, the high-precision positioning system includes an image acquisition unit, a sensor unit, and a processor unit. The image acquisition unit and the sensor unit are respectively connected to the processor unit. The image acquisition unit is used to acquire image information, and the image information includes the image information of the PCB board and the image information of the drill bit. The sensor unit is used to acquire sensor data.

[0018] Preferably, two air-cooling pipes and two air suction pipes are arranged at the inner wall angles of the cube reference groove. The two air-cooling pipes and the two air suction pipes are respectively arranged at the diagonals, and the nozzles of the air-cooling pipes and the air suction pipes are aligned with the drill bit.

[0019] Preferably, a slider distance measuring sensor is arranged directly above the slider, and the slider distance measuring sensor is used to monitor the stroke of the slider.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, before the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board of the present invention works, the distances from the outer wall of the drill bit are detected by four distance sensors. When the distances detected by the four distance sensors are the same, it can ensure that the drill bit is in a completely vertical state; then the distances from the outer wall of the drilling spindle are detected by the four distance sensors. When the distances detected by the four distance sensors are the same, it can ensure that the drilling spindle is in a completely vertical state, which plays an important role in improving the drilling accuracy, is beneficial to improving the processing quality of the PCB board, reducing the defective rate, and facilitating production.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a bottom view of the drilling system of the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a coordinate diagram constructed by the high-precision positioning system of the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the drill bit of the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and implementation examples. It should be understood that the specific implementation examples described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only relative positions on the specified view, rather than absolute positions.

[0026] In addition, the descriptions such as "first" and "second" in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board of the present invention includes:

[0028] A loading system, which is used to load the PCB board 15 and restrict the position of the PCB board 15 to prevent the PCB board 15 from moving during drilling;

[0029] A drilling system, which is used to drill the PCB board 15;

[0030] A high-precision positioning system, which is used to achieve precise calibration and positioning of the PCB board 15.

[0031] The drilling system includes a cube reference base 10. A cube reference groove 11 is provided in the middle of the cube reference base 10. A drilling spindle 12 is arranged in the middle of the cube reference base 10. A drill bit 13 is connected to the end of the drilling spindle 12. The axis of the drill bit 13 coincides with the axis of the drilling spindle 12, and the axis of the drilling spindle 12 coincides with the central axis of the cube reference groove 11.

[0032] Distance sensors 14 are respectively arranged on the central axes of the four inner side walls of the cube reference groove 11. The four distance sensors 14 are on the same horizontal plane. The distance sensor 14 is used to detect the distance from the distance sensor 14 to the outer wall of the drilling spindle 12, and the distance sensor 14 is used to detect the distance from the distance sensor 14 to the outer wall of the drill bit 13.

[0033] Before the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning the PCB board works, the distance to the outer wall of the drill bit 13 is detected by the four distance sensors 14. When the distances detected by the four distance sensors 14 are the same, it can ensure that the drill bit 13 is in a completely vertical state; then the distance to the outer wall of the drilling spindle 12 is detected by the four distance sensors 14. When the distances detected by the four distance sensors 14 are the same, it can ensure that the drilling spindle 12 is in a completely vertical state.

[0034] Vertical sliding rails are respectively arranged on the central axes of the four inner side walls of the cube reference groove 11. At least two bearings are connected to the drilling spindle 12. The two bearings are spaced at half the length of the drilling spindle 12, and the two bearings are respectively connected to the sliding rails through sliders.

[0035] The upper end of the drilling spindle 12 is connected to a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism drives the drilling spindle 12 to rotate. The drill bit 13 is located at the lower end of the drilling spindle 12. The driving mechanism is connected to a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used to control the lifting of the drilling spindle 12 to complete the feed and retraction of the tool.

[0036] The cube reference base 10 is made of marble and is in a fixed state with extremely high stability. The four sliding rails and at least two bearings can ensure that the drilling spindle 12 remains in a vertical state without deviation during the lifting process, which plays an important role in improving the drilling accuracy, is beneficial to improving the processing quality of the PCB board, reducing the defective rate, and facilitating production.

[0037] The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning the PCB board further includes an intelligent control system. The loading system, the drilling system and the high-precision positioning system are respectively connected to the intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system is used for overall coordinated control.

[0038] The intelligent control system is connected to an alarm system. The alarm system is connected to the intelligent control system. When the distances detected by the four distance sensors 14 are inconsistent, it indicates that the drilling spindle 12 or the drill bit 13 has deviated, triggering the alarm system to alarm, and the drilling is stopped. It is necessary to readjust the drilling spindle 12 or the drill bit 13 to the vertical state before proceeding with the drilling.

[0039] The bearing system is located below the drilling system. The bearing system includes a translation mechanism that controls the translation of the PCB board to adjust the drilling position. The translation mechanism can employ a multi-axis manipulator.

[0040] The bearing system further includes a limiting mechanism that is used to limit the PCB board after it is placed in position to ensure that it does not move during drilling. The limiting mechanism can use a vacuum adsorption structure to fix the PCB board.

[0041] The bearing system includes a high-precision platform. A horizontal scanner is provided on the side of the high-precision platform. The horizontal scanner is used to detect whether the high-precision platform is in a horizontal state. The high-precision platform is connected to a leveling mechanism for leveling operations when it is detected to be non-horizontal.

[0042] The high-precision positioning system is located on the side between the bearing system and the drilling system. The high-precision positioning system constructs an XY coordinate system on the high-precision platform of the bearing system. The vertical projection of the drill bit 13 on the high-precision platform coincides with the origin O of the XY coordinate system. Before drilling, the center of the PCB board 15 is made to coincide with the origin O of the XY coordinate system. The X coordinate and Y coordinate of the drilling position to be drilled 16 in the XY coordinate system are calculated. The PCB board 15 is translated according to the X coordinate and Y coordinate of the drilling position to be drilled 16 through the translation mechanism, so that the drilling position to be drilled 16 is located directly below the drill bit 13. The limiting mechanism fixes the position, and the drill bit 13 descends for drilling operations.

[0043] The high-precision positioning system includes an image acquisition unit, a sensor unit, and a processor unit. The image acquisition unit and the sensor unit are respectively connected to the processor unit. The image acquisition unit is used to acquire image information, and the image information includes the image information of the PCB board 15 and the image information of the drill bit 13. The sensor unit is used to acquire sensor data. The processor unit has built-in data fusion algorithms and positioning algorithms. The data fusion algorithms integrate data from different sensors to improve the accuracy and reliability of positioning. Common algorithms include Kalman filters, particle filters, etc. The positioning algorithms calculate the precise position and attitude of an object based on sensor data, including triangulation, time difference of arrival (TDoA), frequency difference of arrival (FDoA), etc. for data processing.

[0044] The high-precision positioning system further includes a signal processing unit, which is used to process the raw data collected by the sensors, including signal amplification, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, etc.

[0045] The sensor unit includes an optical sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an inertial measurement unit. The optical sensor is used to capture images or perform laser ranging. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure distances and the positions of objects. The inertial measurement unit integrates an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer, and is used to measure the motion and direction of an object.

[0046] The high-precision positioning system further includes a high-precision clock unit, which is used to ensure the synchronization among various sensors and processing units in the system.

[0047] The high-precision positioning system further includes an application program for creating and operating a virtual XY coordinate system and a display for displaying the virtual coordinate system. The application program for creating and operating a virtual XY coordinate system includes a programming language environment (such as Python, Java, etc.), a graphics library or API (such as OpenGL, DirectX, etc.), and geometric modeling software (such as AutoCAD, SolidWorks, etc.).

[0048] At the inner wall angle of the cube reference groove 11, there are two air-cooling pipes 17 and two air suction pipes 18. The two air-cooling pipes 17 and the two air suction pipes 18 are respectively arranged at the diagonal positions. The nozzles of the air-cooling pipes 17 and the air suction pipes 18 are aligned with the drill bit 13. The air-cooling pipes 17 are used to blow out cold air to reduce the temperature of the drill bit 13, and the air suction pipes 18 are used to absorb and store the waste generated during drilling.

[0049] The air-cooling pipes 17 can also be sprayed together with a suitable cutting fluid onto the drill bit 13. Using a suitable cutting fluid can reduce the friction between the drill bit and the PCB board, thereby reducing heat generation.

[0050] The cutting fluid can be of the following types:

[0051] 1. Water-based cutting fluid: This type of cutting fluid has good cooling effects and usually contains water, rust inhibitors, and lubricating additives. They are suitable for ordinary grinding and some finishing processes.

[0052] 2. Emulsion: Emulsion is a mixture of oil and water, which can provide good cooling performance and also has certain cleaning, lubricating, and rust-preventing effects. According to different additives, emulsions can be further divided into ordinary emulsions, rust-preventing emulsions, and extreme-pressure emulsions.

[0053] 3. Extreme-pressure emulsion: In addition to the general properties of emulsions, extreme-pressure emulsions contain additives that can form an adsorption film under high temperature and high pressure, providing additional lubrication effects, and are suitable for rough machining.

[0054] 4. Cutting oil: Cutting oil is mainly composed of mineral oil, animal / vegetable oil and compound oil, providing lubrication performance. Especially extreme pressure cutting oil has good extreme pressure lubrication performance and is suitable for cutting difficult-to-machine materials such as high-strength steel and superalloy.

[0055] 5. Synthetic cutting fluid: Synthetic cutting fluid is artificially synthesized and has excellent chemical stability and biodegradability. It is usually used in occasions that require excellent cooling and lubrication performance.

[0056] 6. Extreme pressure cutting oil: Cutting oil containing extreme pressure additives such as sulfur and phosphorus is suitable for high-speed gear cutting. It can overcome the oil pollution problem during high-speed cutting, improve the machining quality and reduce tool wear.

[0057] 7. Low-viscosity cutting oil: For certain specific materials, such as water stainless steel and heat-resistant alloy, low-viscosity extreme pressure cutting oil can be used to facilitate the chip evacuation and avoid the generation of built-up edge.

[0058] 8. Deep hole drilling cutting oil: For deep hole drilling, a cutting fluid with good cooling effect, high-temperature lubricity and permeability is required to ensure the high-temperature lubrication state of the tool and smooth chip evacuation.

[0059] The drill bit 13 can be made of the following materials:

[0060] 1. High-speed steel (HSS): High-speed steel is a commonly used drill bit material, suitable for drilling various metal materials, including copper and other metal layers in PCB boards. It has good hardness and toughness, but may be more prone to wear compared to other materials.

[0061] 2. Tungsten carbide (WC): Tungsten carbide drill bits are harder and more wear-resistant than high-speed steel drill bits and are suitable for harder or more wear-resistant application scenarios, such as drilling glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP).

[0062] 3. Cemented carbide: Cemented carbide drill bits are usually used for PCB drilling. They have a longer tool life and are especially suitable for processing composite materials containing glass fibers.

[0063] 4. Diamond: Diamond drill bits are very hard and wear-resistant, suitable for drilling hard materials. However, due to the high cost, they may not be commonly used for conventional PCB board drilling.

[0064] 5. Solid cubic boron nitride (CBN): Drill bits made of this material are also very hard and suitable for drilling extremely hard materials. However, due to cost issues, they are not often used in PCB board drilling.

[0065] 6. Tungsten steel: Tungsten steel drill bits have good heat resistance and hardness and are suitable for drilling operations that need to withstand higher temperatures.

[0066] The drill bit includes a body, and one end of the body is a drill tip; the body is sequentially provided with a double-groove section h1 and a single-groove section h2 from the drill tip end to the other end; a first spiral groove 21 and a second spiral groove 22 that are spirally wound and intersect are arranged on the outer side of the body, the first spiral groove 21 is arranged close to the drill tip, and one end of the first spiral groove 21 away from the drill tip is connected to one side of the starting end of the second spiral groove 22 close to the drill tip.

[0067] When the drill bit drills a hole, the generated waste chips will first pass through the first spiral groove 21 and then enter the second spiral groove 22. By cleverly designing the connection position of the first spiral groove 21 and the second spiral groove 22 in the present invention, the end position of the first spiral groove 21 is exactly located on the side of the second spiral groove 22 close to the drill tip. In this way, the waste chips can be conducted more smoothly during the process of being introduced from the first spiral groove 21 to the second spiral groove 22, thereby avoiding the problem of unsmooth chip discharge during the drilling process, and effectively avoiding the problem of too high cutting temperature caused by chip discharge blockage. Furthermore, the drilling process is made smoother, and a good foundation is laid for improving the drilling quality.

[0068] Two symmetric cutting surfaces are formed on the drill tip; wherein, an arc-shaped groove is formed by axially projecting the cutting surface of the drill bit.

[0069] The drill tip angle is 130° - 140°.

[0070] The spiral angle of the first spiral groove 21 is 35° - 42°, and the spiral angle of the starting point of the tip of the second spiral groove 22 is 42° - 55°.

[0071] The slide rail and the slider are made of high-carbon or alloy type stainless steel, which has good corrosion resistance and relatively high strength, or can also be made of titanium alloy, being lightweight, high-strength, and heat-resistant.

[0072] In PCB board drilling, there is often a problem that the drilling depth is uncontrollable. Therefore, the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning the PCB board in the present invention is provided with a slider distance measuring sensor directly above the slider, and the slider distance measuring sensor is used to monitor the stroke of the slider, and the drilling depth is controlled by monitoring the stroke of the slider.

[0073] The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning the PCB board in the present invention can also be configured with a laser drilling head in the drilling system for laser drilling. Laser drilling is a non-contact process that uses a high-energy light beam to focus on the PCB board and forms holes by melting materials through the thermal effect. It can drill smaller holes, with a minimum diameter of up to 2 mils (0.002 inches). Laser drilling has high precision and controllability.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, before the drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board of the present invention works, the distances from the outer wall of the drill bit 13 are detected by four distance sensors 14. When the distances detected by the four distance sensors 14 are the same, it can ensure that the drill bit 13 is in a completely vertical state; then the distances from the outer wall of the drilling spindle 12 are detected by the four distance sensors 14. When the distances detected by the four distance sensors 14 are the same, it can ensure that the drilling spindle 12 is in a completely vertical state, which plays an important role in improving the drilling accuracy, is beneficial to improving the processing quality of the PCB board, reducing the defective rate, and facilitating production.

[0075] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the concept of the present invention shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic calibration and positioning drilling machine for PCB boards, characterized in that, Including: A bearing system for bearing a PCB board and restricting the position of the PCB board; A drilling system for drilling the PCB board; A high-precision positioning system for achieving precise calibration and positioning of the PCB board; The drilling system includes a cube reference seat. A cube reference groove is formed in the middle of the cube reference seat. A drilling spindle is arranged in the middle of the cube reference seat. A drill bit is connected to the end of the drilling spindle. The axis of the drill bit coincides with the axis of the drilling spindle, and the axis of the drilling spindle coincides with the central axis of the cube reference groove; Distance sensors are respectively arranged on the central axes of the four inner side walls of the cube reference groove. The four distance sensors are on the same horizontal plane. The distance sensors are used to detect the distance from the distance sensors to the outer wall of the drilling spindle and the distance from the distance sensors to the outer wall of the drill bit; The bearing system includes a high-precision platform. A horizontal scanner is arranged on the side of the high-precision platform. The horizontal scanner is used to detect whether the high-precision platform is in a horizontal state. The high-precision platform is connected with a leveling mechanism; The high-precision positioning system is located on the side between the bearing system and the drilling system. The high-precision positioning system constructs an XY coordinate system on the high-precision platform of the bearing system. The vertical projection of the drill bit on the high-precision platform coincides with the origin O of the XY coordinate system; Before drilling, the center of the PCB board is made to coincide with the origin O of the XY coordinate system. The X coordinate and Y coordinate of the to-be-drilled position in the XY coordinate system are calculated. The PCB board is translated according to the X coordinate and Y coordinate of the to-be-drilled position through a translation mechanism, so that the to-be-drilled position is located directly below the drill bit. The limiting mechanism fixes the position, and the drill bit descends for drilling operation.

2. The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to claim 1, characterized in that, Vertical slide rails are respectively arranged on the central axes of the four inner side walls of the cube reference groove. At least two bearings are connected to the drilling spindle. The two bearings are spaced at half the length of the drilling spindle, and the two bearings are respectively connected to the slide rails through sliders.

3. The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to claim 1, wherein, The upper end of the drilling spindle is connected with a driving mechanism for driving the drilling spindle to rotate. The drill bit is located at the lower end of the drilling spindle. The driving mechanism is connected with a lifting mechanism for controlling the lifting of the drilling spindle.

4. The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cube reference seat is made of marble and is in a fixed state.

5. The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to claim 1, wherein, The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning the PCB board further includes an intelligent control system. The bearing system, the drilling system and the high-precision positioning system are respectively connected to the intelligent control system for overall coordinated control. The intelligent control system is connected with an alarm system, and the alarm system is connected to the intelligent control system.

6. The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to claim 1, wherein The high-precision positioning system includes an image acquisition unit, a sensor unit and a processor unit. The image acquisition unit and the sensor unit are respectively connected to the processor unit. The image acquisition unit is used to acquire image information, and the image information includes the image information of the PCB board and the image information of the drill bit. The sensor unit is used to acquire sensor data.

7. The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to claim 1, wherein, Two air-cooling pipes and two air suction pipes are arranged at the inner wall angle of the cube reference groove. The two air-cooling pipes and the two air suction pipes are respectively arranged at the diagonal positions, and the nozzles of the air-cooling pipes and the air suction pipes are aligned with the drill bit.

8. The drilling machine for automatically calibrating and positioning a PCB board according to claim 2, wherein, A slider distance measuring sensor is arranged directly above the slider. The slider distance measuring sensor is used to monitor the stroke of the slider.

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