Solar cell module and preparation method thereof and solar cell

Abstract

The present application discloses a solar cell assembly, a preparation method thereof and a solar cell. The solar cell assembly includes a substrate, an isolation structure and a battery cell. The isolation structure is arranged side by side to form a first gap, and the first gap is used to accommodate each battery cell. The battery cell includes a first electrode, a functional layer and a second electrode, and the first electrode, the functional layer and the second electrode are stacked, and in two adjacent battery cells, the first electrode of one battery cell is electrically connected to the second electrode of the other battery cell to form a plurality of battery cells connected in series. And each battery cell is connected in series through the contact electrical connection between the first electrode and the second electrode, without the need for connection with external wires, and the overall process is simple. The isolation structure separates the first electrode and the functional layer of each battery cell. When the solar cell assembly undergoes flexible deformation, the stress interference between the battery cells and the stress on the film layer are reduced, thereby improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cell modules, and in particular to a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic cells are a path to achieving green and low-carbon energy. Perovskite solar cell modules have the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and environmentally friendly materials. They are gradually becoming a popular solar cell module and a key development direction of the photovoltaic cell industry.

[0003] Currently, solar cell modules have poor flexibility and are easily damaged when subjected to mechanical deformation such as bending, curling and stretching during use. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell module and a method for preparing the same, and a solar cell, aiming to improve the flexibility of the solar cell module.

[0005] A first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, comprising: a substrate; an isolation structure located on one side of the substrate, wherein a plurality of isolation structures are arranged side by side and spaced apart, with a first gap between adjacent isolation structures; a battery cell located on one side of the substrate, wherein at least part of the battery cells are located within the first gap, the battery cell comprising a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate, wherein the first electrode of one of two adjacent battery cells and the second electrode of the other are in contact and connected on the isolation structure.

[0006] According to the implementation of the first aspect of the present application, the isolation structure includes a top surface and side surfaces connected to both sides of the top surface, the first electrode extends from the surface and side surfaces of the substrate to the top surface, and is electrically connected to the second electrode of the adjacent battery cell on the top surface.

[0007] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the isolation structure also includes a bottom surface on a side close to the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the top surface on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the bottom surface on the substrate.

[0008] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, in the direction from the isolation structure to the adjacent isolation structure, the cross-section of the isolation structure is trapezoidal.

[0009] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the cross-section of the isolation structure is a right-angled trapezoid or an isosceles trapezoid.

[0010] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the side surface includes a first side surface and a second side surface, and the first electrode covers the first side surface.

[0011] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the functional layer is in contact with the second side.

[0012] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first electrode includes a first section connected in sequence, a second section and a third section located near an isolation structure on one side of the first section, and the second section and the third section cover the isolation structure.

[0013] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first section is located in the first gap and covers the substrate, the second section covers the side surface, and the third section covers the top surface.

[0014] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the orthographic projection of the top surface on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the third section on the substrate.

[0015] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the functional layers of adjacent battery cells are spaced apart to form a second gap, and at least a portion of the third section is exposed from the second gap.

[0016] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the distance between the surface of the functional layer away from the substrate and the substrate is a first distance, the distance between the surface of the third section away from the substrate and the substrate is a second distance, and the first distance is less than or equal to the second distance.

[0017] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first distance is equal to the second distance.

[0018] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the second electrodes of adjacent battery cells are spaced apart from each other.

[0019] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first electrode and the second electrode in the same battery cell are spaced apart from each other.

[0020] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, an active layer, and a second transmission layer which are stacked in sequence.

[0021] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the material of the isolation structure includes insulating material.

[0022] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the material of the isolation structure includes a flexible material.

[0023] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the isolation structure includes organic material or inorganic material.

[0024] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the organic material includes photosensitive polyimide; and the inorganic material includes at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.

[0025] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the material of the first electrode includes a transparent conductive material.

[0026] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the material of the first electrode includes a transparent conductive oxide.

[0027] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the material of the first electrode includes indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide.

[0028] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the material of the second electrode includes a conductive oxide or a conductive metal or a conductive carbon-based material.

[0029] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the thickness of the first electrode is 100 nm to 500 nm.

[0030] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell assembly, comprising:

[0031] A flexible material layer is prepared on a substrate, and the flexible material layer is patterned to obtain an isolation structure, wherein a plurality of isolation structures are arranged side by side and spaced apart to form a first gap between adjacent isolation structures;

[0032] Prepare a first electrode on a side of the isolation structure facing away from the substrate;

[0033] Prepare a functional layer on a side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate;

[0034] A second electrode is prepared on the side of the functional layer facing away from the substrate, and the first electrode, the functional layer and the second electrode are stacked to form a battery cell. At least part of the battery cell is located in the first gap. In two adjacent battery cells, the first electrode of one and the second electrode of the other are contacted and connected on the isolation structure.

[0035] According to an implementation of the second aspect of the present application, the isolation structure includes a top surface and side surfaces connected to both sides of the top surface, and in the step of preparing a first electrode on a side of the isolation structure facing away from the substrate, the method further includes:

[0036] The first electrode covers the surface of the substrate exposed by the first gap, the side surface and the top surface of the isolation structure.

[0037] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the second aspect of the present application, in the step of preparing a functional layer on a side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate, the method further comprises:

[0038] The functional layers of adjacent battery cells are spaced apart to form a second gap;

[0039] The portion of the first electrode located on the top surface is exposed from the second gap.

[0040] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the second aspect of the present application, in the step of preparing the second electrode on the side of the functional layer facing away from the substrate, the method further includes:

[0041] The second electrode covers the portion of the first electrode located on the top surface.

[0042] An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes a solar cell component of any of the above-mentioned embodiments or a solar cell component prepared by a preparation method of any of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0043] According to the solar cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell assembly includes a substrate, an isolation structure and a battery cell. The isolation structures are arranged side by side to form a first gap, and the first gap is used to accommodate each battery cell. The battery cell includes a first electrode, a functional layer and a second electrode, and the first electrode, the functional layer and the second electrode are stacked, and in two adjacent battery cells, the first electrode of one battery cell is electrically connected to the second electrode of the other battery cell to form a plurality of battery cells connected in series to achieve the normal device function of the solar cell assembly. And each battery cell is connected in series through the contact electrical connection of the first electrode and the second electrode, without the need for connection with external wires, and the overall process is simple. The isolation structure separates the first electrode and the functional layer of each battery cell. When the solar cell assembly undergoes flexible deformation, the stress interference between the battery cells and the stress on the film layer are reduced, thereby improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar features and the accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0045] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 is a partial top view of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment;

[0048] Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment;

[0049] Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment;

[0050] Figure 6is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment;

[0051] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment;

[0052] Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment;

[0053] Fig. 9 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figures 10 to 13 It is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Description of reference numerals:

[0056] 10. Solar cell module; 11. Battery unit;

[0057] 100. Substrate;

[0058] 200, isolation structure; 201, first gap; 210, top surface; 220, side surface; 221, first side surface; 222, second side surface; 230, bottom surface;

[0059] 300, first electrode; 310, first subsection; 320, second subsection; 330, third subsection;

[0060] 400, functional layer; 410, first transmission layer; 420, active layer; 430, second transmission layer; 440, second gap;

[0061] 500. Second electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present application and are not configured to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can be implemented without the need for some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present application by illustrating the examples of the present application.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "include..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0064] It should be understood that when describing the structure of a component, when a layer or a region is referred to as being "on" or "over" another layer or another region, it may mean that it is directly on the other layer or another region, or that other layers or regions are included between it and the other layer or another region. Moreover, if the component is turned over, the layer or a region will be "below" or "beneath" another layer or another region.

[0065] The embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell module, a method for preparing the same, and a solar cell. The embodiments of the solar cell module, a method for preparing the same, and a solar cell are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0066] Please also read Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a partial top view of a solar cell assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the portion of the battery unit 11 shown in the dashed box does not include the isolation structure 200, and the portion of the first gap 201 shown in the dashed box is only the gap between adjacent isolation structures 200, and does not include other structural entity parts.

[0067] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell assembly 10, the solar cell assembly 10 includes a substrate 100, an isolation structure 200 and a battery cell 11; the isolation structure 200 is located on one side of the substrate 100, and a plurality of isolation structures 200 are arranged side by side and spaced apart, and a first gap 201 is provided between adjacent isolation structures 200; the battery cell 11 is located on one side of the substrate 100, and at least part of the battery cell 11 is located in the first gap 201, the battery cell 11 includes a first electrode 300, a functional layer 400 and a second electrode 500 which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate 100, and in two adjacent battery cells 11, the first electrode 300 of one and the second electrode 500 of the other are in contact and connected on the isolation structure 200.

[0068] According to the solar cell assembly 10 of the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell assembly 10 includes a substrate 100, an isolation structure 200 and a battery cell 11. The isolation structure 200 is arranged side by side to form a first gap 201, and the first gap 201 is used to accommodate each battery cell 11. The battery cell 11 includes a first electrode 300, a functional layer 400 and a second electrode 500, and the first electrode 300, the functional layer 400 and the second electrode 500 are stacked, and in two adjacent battery cells 11, the first electrode 300 of one battery cell 11 is electrically connected to the second electrode 500 of the other battery cell 11, forming a plurality of battery cells 11 connected in series to achieve the normal device function of the solar cell assembly 10. And each battery cell 11 is connected in series through the contact electrical connection of the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500, without the need for connection with the aid of external wires, and the overall process is simple. The isolation structure 200 separates the first electrode 300 and the functional layer 400 of each battery cell 11 . When the solar cell assembly 10 undergoes flexible deformation, the stress interference between the battery cells 11 and the stress on the film layer are reduced, thereby improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell assembly 10 .

[0069] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the isolation structure 200 includes a top surface 210 and side surfaces 220 connected to both sides of the top surface 210, and the first electrode 300 extends from the surface and side surfaces 220 of the substrate 100 to the top surface 210, and is electrically connected to the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11 on the top surface 210.

[0071] In these optional embodiments, the portion of the first electrode 300 covering the surface of the substrate 100 is stacked with the functional layer 400 and the second electrode 500, so that carriers can be transmitted between the first electrode 300, the functional layer 400 and the second electrode 500, thereby achieving the device performance of the solar cell module 10. The first electrode 300 climbs to the top surface 210 of the isolation structure 200 through the side surface 220 of the isolation structure 200, so that the first electrode 300 contacts the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11 on the top surface 210 of the isolation structure 200, thereby achieving the series connection between the adjacent battery cells 11.

[0072] In some optional embodiments, the isolation structure 200 further includes a bottom surface 230 on one side close to the substrate 100 , and an orthographic projection of the top surface 210 on the substrate 100 is located within the orthographic projection of the bottom surface 230 on the substrate 100 .

[0073] In these optional embodiments, the orthographic projection of the top surface 210 on the substrate 100 is located within the orthographic projection of the bottom surface 230 on the substrate 100, that is, the orthographic projection area of ​​the top surface 210 on the substrate 100 is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the bottom surface 230 on the substrate 100, so that at least part of the side surface 220 is an inclined surface, and the first electrode 300 of the battery cell 11 can climb up the side surface 220 and be deposited on the top surface 210, ensuring that the first electrode 300 of the battery cell 11 can be in contact with and electrically connected to the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11.

[0074] Optionally, in the direction in which the isolation structure 200 points to the adjacent isolation structure 200, the cross-section of the isolation structure 200 is trapezoidal, that is, the side 220 of at least one side of the isolation structure 200 close to the battery cell 11 is an inclined surface, and the first electrode 300 of the battery cell 11 can climb up the side surface 220 and be deposited on the top surface 210, ensuring that the first electrode 300 of the battery cell 11 can be in contact and electrically connected with the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11.

[0075] Please also read Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in yet another embodiment.

[0076] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, optionally, the cross section of the isolation structure 200 is a right-angled trapezoid or an isosceles trapezoid. When the cross section of the isolation structure 200 is a right-angled trapezoid, only one side of the side 220 on both sides of the isolation structure 200 is an inclined surface, so that the first electrode 300 can climb up the top surface 210 through one side of the inclined surface and contact and electrically connect with the adjacent second electrode 500, and the other side 220 is perpendicular to the substrate 100, so that the first electrode 300 of the battery cell 11 on this side cannot climb up the top surface 210, so that the first electrodes 300 of adjacent battery cells 11 are spaced from each other, avoiding the first electrodes 300 of adjacent battery cells 11 from contacting and short-circuiting. When the cross section of the isolation structure 200 is an isosceles trapezoid, the structure is simple, reducing the difficulty of preparing the isolation structure 200.

[0077] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment.

[0078] like Figure 5 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the side surface 220 includes a first side surface 221 and a second side surface 222 , and the first electrode 300 covers the first side surface 221 .

[0079] In these optional embodiments, the first electrode 300 of each battery cell 11 covers the first side 221, that is, the first electrode 300 of each battery cell 11 covers the isolation structure 200 on the same side, and the isolation structure 200 on the other side, that is, the surface of the second side 222, has no material residue of the first electrode 300 of the battery cell 11 or is at least partially discontinuous, thereby avoiding interference between the first electrodes 300 of adjacent battery cells 11, thereby causing the problem of adjacent first electrodes 300 contacting and short-circuiting.

[0080] Optionally, the functional layer 400 contacts the second side 222. Since the first electrode 300 covers the first side 221 of the isolation structure 200, the two sides of the functional layer 400 contact the first electrode 300 and the second side 222 of the isolation structure 200, respectively, so as to achieve encapsulation of the functional layer 400 and avoid the second electrode 500 contacting the active layer 320 of the functional layer 400, which would cause reaction corrosion at the contact position between the active layer 320 and the second electrode 500, thereby improving the device stability of the solar cell module 10.

[0081] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment.

[0082] like Figure 6As shown, in some optional embodiments, the first electrode 300 includes a first section 310 connected in sequence, a second section 320 and a third section 330 located on one side of the first section 310 close to the isolation structure 200, and the second section 320 and the third section 330 cover the isolation structure 200.

[0083] In these optional embodiments, the second division 320 and the third division 330 are located near the first division 310 at a position close to the single-sided isolation structure 200, that is, the first electrode 300 only covers the isolation structure 200 on one side. When the first electrode 300 of each battery cell 11 only covers the isolation structure 200 on one side, the first electrodes 300 of adjacent battery cells 11 are unlikely to interfere with each other, thereby avoiding the problem of the second electrode 500 contacting the active layer 320 of the functional layer 400, causing reaction corrosion at the contact position between the active layer 320 and the second electrode 500, thereby improving the device stability of the solar cell module 10.

[0084] In some optional embodiments, the first section 310 is located in the first gap 201 and covers the substrate 100 , the second section 320 covers the side surface 220 , and the third section 330 covers the top surface 210 .

[0085] In these optional embodiments, the first subdivision 310 of the first electrode 300 is located in the first gap 201 and is stacked with the functional layer 400 and the second electrode 500, so that carriers can be transmitted between the first electrode 300, the functional layer 400 and the second electrode 500, thereby achieving the device performance of the solar cell assembly 10. The second subdivision 320 of the first electrode 300 climbs on the side surface 220 of the isolation structure 200, so that the third subdivision 330 extends to the top surface 210 of the isolation structure 200, and the third subdivision 330 contacts the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11, thereby achieving the series connection between the adjacent battery cells 11.

[0086] Please also read Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment.

[0087] There are many optional ways for the third sub-portion 330 to contact the top surface 210, such as Figure 7 As shown, the orthographic projection of the third section 330 on the substrate 100 is located within the orthographic projection of the top surface 210 on the substrate 100 , that is, the third section 330 covers part of the top surface 210 , thereby achieving electrical contact connection between the third section 330 and the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11 .

[0088] like Figure 6As shown, optionally, the orthographic projection of the top surface 210 on the substrate 100 is located within the orthographic projection of the third division 330 on the substrate 100, that is, the third division 330 covers the entire top surface 210, and the third division 330 located on the top surface 210 is in contact with the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11, the contact area between the third division 330 and the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11 is increased, and the contact resistance between the third division 330 and the second electrode 500 is reduced, so as to reduce the series resistance of the battery cell 11 and improve the electrical connection performance between adjacent battery cells 11.

[0089] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment.

[0090] like Figure 8 As shown, optionally, the functional layers 400 of adjacent battery cells 11 are spaced to form a second gap 440, at least part of the third subdivision 330 is exposed from the second gap 440, and the functional layers 400 of adjacent battery cells 11 are separated by the isolation structure 200, so as to avoid mutual influence between the functional layers 400 of adjacent battery cells 11 and ensure the device performance of a single battery cell 11. At least part of the third subdivision 330 is exposed from the second gap 440, that is, the orthographic projection of the third subdivision 330 on the substrate 100 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second gap 440 on the substrate 100, so that the third subdivision 330 can be in contact with and electrically connected to the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11 in the second gap 440, so as to realize the series connection of the adjacent battery cells 11.

[0091] In some optional embodiments, the distance between the surface of the functional layer 400 away from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100 is a first distance, the distance between the surface of the third section 330 away from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100 is a second distance, and the first distance is less than or equal to the second distance.

[0092] In these optional embodiments, the first distance is less than or equal to the second distance, that is, the surface of the functional layer 400 away from the substrate 100 is lower than the surface of the third section 330 away from the substrate 100, or the surface of the functional layer 400 away from the substrate 100 is flush with the surface of the third section 330 away from the substrate 100, so as to avoid the first distance being greater than the second distance, resulting in the second electrode 500 bending or stepping at the contact position between the functional layer 400 and the second electrode 500 during the subsequent preparation of the second electrode 500, so that the stress of the second electrode 500 is concentrated at the bending or step position, and the second electrode 500 is easily damaged at the stress concentration position when the solar cell module 10 is bent, thereby improving the flexible bending ability of the solar cell module 10. It can also avoid the problem that the height of the functional layer 400 is too high, resulting in the second electrode 500 being deposited on the surface of the functional layer 400 facing the isolation structure 200, contacting the active layer 420 in the functional layer 400, and causing the active layer 420 to react and corrode, thereby improving the device stability of the solar cell module 10.

[0093] In some optional embodiments, the first distance is equal to the second distance.

[0094] In these optional embodiments, the surface of the functional layer 400 away from the substrate 100 is flush with the surface of the third section 330 away from the substrate 100, so that the contact position between the functional layer 400 and the third section 330 is flat and has no steps. When the second electrode 500 is deposited, the second electrode 500 is relatively flat, and the stress distribution is uniform. When the solar cell module 10 is bent, the stress concentration of the second electrode 500 is avoided to cause damage, thereby improving the flexible bending ability of the solar cell module 10. In addition, the second electrode 500 can evenly cover the functional layer 400 and the first electrode 300, thereby preventing the second electrode 500 from being deposited on the surface of the functional layer 400 facing the isolation structure 200 and contacting the active layer 420 in the functional layer 400, so that the active layer 420 is corroded by reaction, thereby improving the device stability of the solar cell module 10.

[0095] Optionally, the second electrodes 500 of adjacent battery cells 11 are spaced apart from each other to avoid the problem of adjacent second electrodes 500 contacting each other and causing a short circuit after the adjacent battery cells 11 are connected in series. When preparing the battery cells 11, the isolation structure 200 isolates the first electrodes 300 and the functional layer 400 of the adjacent battery cells 11, and there is no need to scribe the first electrodes 300 and the functional layer 400. Only the second electrodes 500 need to be scribed P3, so that the second electrodes 500 of the adjacent battery cells 11 are disconnected from each other, simplifying the preparation process of the solar cell module 10.

[0096] Optionally, the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500 in the same battery cell 11 are spaced apart from each other to avoid the problem of short circuit caused by electrical contact between the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500 in the same battery cell 11 .

[0097] In some optional embodiments, the functional layer 400 includes a first transmission layer 410 , an active layer 420 , and a second transmission layer 430 which are stacked in sequence.

[0098] In these optional embodiments, one of the first transport layer 410 and the second transport layer 430 is a hole transport layer, and the other is an electron transport layer. For example, the active layer 420 is a perovskite active layer, and the active layer 420 is used to convert incident light into electric charge. The hole transport layer is used to transport holes generated by absorbing photons in the functional layer 400; at the same time, the hole transport layer can also block the following electrons to reduce the recombination of holes and electrons. The electron transport layer is used to transport electrons generated by absorbing photons in the active layer 420, and at the same time, the electron transport layer can also block the holes in the previous text to reduce the recombination of holes and electrons. In this article, holes and electrons are collectively referred to as carriers.

[0099] The first transmission layer 410 and the second transmission layer 430 in the functional layer 400 both transmit carriers, and the movement direction of the carriers is from the first electrode 300 to the second electrode 500 or from the second electrode 500 to the first electrode 300, that is, vertical movement.

[0100] When the solar cell module 10 is exposed to sunlight, the active layer 420 absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs. Due to the difference in exciton binding energy of the active layer 420 materials, these carriers either become free carriers or form excitons. Moreover, because these active layer 420 materials tend to have a lower carrier recombination probability and a higher carrier mobility, the diffusion distance and life of the carriers are longer. Then, these unrecombined electrons and holes are collected by the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, respectively, that is, electrons are transmitted from the active layer 420 to the electron transport layer, and finally absorbed by the first electrode 300 or the second electrode 500; holes are transmitted from the active layer 420 to the hole transport layer, and finally collected by the first electrode 300 or the second electrode 500; photocurrent is realized by connecting the first electrode 300 with the circuit of the first electrode 300.

[0101] Optionally, the first transport layer 410 is a hole transport layer, and the material of the first transport layer 410 includes nickel oxide (NiOx).

[0102] Optionally, the second transport layer 430 is an electron transport layer, and the material of the second transport layer 430 includes carbon 60 fullerene (C60).

[0103] Optionally, the functional layer 400 also includes a passivation layer and an auxiliary functional layer, and the passivation layer or the auxiliary functional layer is arranged between the second electrode 500 and the second transmission layer 430. For example, the passivation layer or the auxiliary functional layer includes a BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) layer, which can improve the electron transmission efficiency and photovoltaic performance of the solar cell component 10.

[0104] Optionally, the material of the active layer 420 includes inorganic perovskite, such as CsPbI 3 , CsPbI 2 Br, CsPbIBr 2 , CsPbBr 3 , CsSnI 3 One or more of the above, or organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, such as FAPbI 3 MAPbI 3 , FAPbBr 3 MAPbBr 3 One or more of them, or a multi-system organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, such as Cs 0.05 FA 0.9 MA 0.05 Pb(I 0.95 Br 0.05 ) 3 , Cs 0.05 FA 0.95 PbI 3 One or more of the .

[0105] Optionally, the material of the isolation structure 200 includes insulating material, so that the first electrodes 300 on both sides of the isolation structure 200 are spaced and insulated from each other by the isolation structure 200, thereby avoiding the problem of short circuit caused by electrical connection between two adjacent first electrodes 300 through the isolation structure 200.

[0106] Optionally, the material of the isolation structure 200 includes a flexible material to further improve the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell assembly 10 .

[0107] Optionally, the isolation structure 200 includes an organic material or an inorganic material.

[0108] Optionally, the isolation structure 200 includes photosensitive polyimide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride. These materials have good bending resistance and further improve the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell module 10.

[0109] Optionally, the material of the first electrode 300 includes a transparent conductive material, so that light can pass through the transparent first electrode 300 to reach the active layer 420 , thereby achieving photoelectric conversion of the solar cell module 10 .

[0110] Optionally, the material of the first electrode 300 includes a transparent conductive oxide (TCO for short), which has good light transmittance and conductivity, and improves the device performance of the solar cell module 10. For example, optionally, the material of the first electrode 300 includes indium tin oxide (ITO for short) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO for short).

[0111] Optionally, the material of the second electrode 500 includes conductive oxides or conductive metals or conductive carbon-based materials. Conductive oxides and conductive metals have good conductivity, and conductive carbon-based materials have low cost. For example, conductive metals include Au, Ag, Cu, etc. and their alloys. Conductive oxides include TCO.

[0112] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode 300 is 100 nm to 500 nm. For example, the thickness of the first electrode 300 is 100 nm, 200 nm, 350 nm, 500 nm, etc.

[0113] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode 300 is greater than or equal to 100nm, so as to avoid the problem that the thickness of the first electrode 300 is too small, resulting in poor adhesion between the first electrode 300 and the substrate 100 after the first electrode 300 covers the substrate 100, and more protrusions appear on the surface of the first electrode 300, and the problem that the thickness of the first electrode 300 is too small, resulting in a large resistance of the first electrode 300 and poor electrical transmission performance. The thickness of the first electrode 300 is less than or equal to 500nm, so as to avoid the problem that the thickness of the first electrode 300 is too large, resulting in a decrease in the transmittance of the first electrode 300, a decrease in the light that passes through the first electrode 300 to the active layer 420, and a decrease in the device efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0114] The structural design in this embodiment can be applied to other solar cell modules 10 , and the specific selection can be made according to actual conditions, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on it.

[0115] Please also read Figures 9 to 13 , Fig. 9 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figures 10 to 13 It is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0116] like Figures 8 to 13 As shown, an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell assembly 10, comprising:

[0117] Step S01: preparing a flexible material layer on a substrate, and patterning the flexible material layer to obtain an isolation structure, wherein a plurality of isolation structures are arranged side by side and spaced apart to form a first gap between adjacent isolation structures.

[0118] Step S02: preparing a first electrode on a side of the isolation structure facing away from the substrate.

[0119] Step S03: preparing a functional layer on the side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate.

[0120] Step S04: Prepare a second electrode on the side of the functional layer facing away from the substrate, and the first electrode, the functional layer and the second electrode are stacked to form a battery cell. At least part of the battery cell is located in the first gap. In two adjacent battery cells, the first electrode of one and the second electrode of the other are in contact and connected on the isolation structure.

[0121] According to the preparation method of the second aspect of the present application, the isolation structure 200 is prepared by step S01, and the isolation structure 200 is arranged side by side to form a first gap 201, and the first gap 201 is used to accommodate each battery cell 11. The first electrode 300 is prepared by step S02. The functional layer 400 is prepared by step S03. The second electrode 500 is prepared by step S04. The first electrode 300, the functional layer 400 and the second electrode 500 are stacked to form a battery cell 11. In two adjacent battery cells 11, the first electrode 300 of one battery cell 11 is electrically connected to the second electrode 500 of the other battery cell 11 to form a plurality of battery cells 11 connected in series to achieve the normal device function of the solar cell module 10. And each battery cell 11 is connected in series through the contact electrical connection of the first electrode 300 and the second electrode 500, without the need for connection with the aid of external wires, and the overall process is simple. The isolation structure 200 separates the first electrodes 300 of each battery cell 11 and separates the functional layers 400 of each battery cell 11. When the solar cell assembly 10 undergoes flexible deformation, the stress interference between the battery cells 11 and the stress on the film layer are reduced, thereby improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell assembly 10.

[0122] Optionally, a method for preparing the isolation structure 200 includes photoresist coating, exposure, development, etching, etc.

[0123] Optionally, the method for preparing the first electrode 300 includes mask vacuum physical deposition, laser etching after whole-surface deposition, chemical etching after whole-surface deposition, etc.

[0124] Optionally, the method for preparing the functional layer 400 includes mask vacuum physical deposition, inkjet printing, etc.

[0125] In some optional embodiments, the isolation structure 200 includes a top surface 210 and side surfaces 220 connected to both sides of the top surface 210. In step S02, the method further includes:

[0126] The first electrode 300 covers the surface of the substrate 100 exposed by the first gap 201 , the side surface 220 and the top surface 210 of the isolation structure 200 .

[0127] Optionally, in step S03, the method further includes:

[0128] The functional layers 400 of adjacent battery cells 11 are spaced apart to form a second gap 440;

[0129] The portion of the first electrode 300 located on the top surface 210 is exposed from the second gap 440 .

[0130] Optionally, in step S04, the method further includes:

[0131] The second electrode 500 covers the portion of the first electrode 300 located on the top surface 210 .

[0132] In these optional embodiments, the first electrode 300 climbs through the side surface 220 of the isolation structure 200 to the top surface 210 of the isolation structure 200, so that the portion of the first electrode 300 located on the top surface 210 is exposed by the second gap 440 and contacts the second electrode 500 of the adjacent battery cell 11, thereby realizing series connection between adjacent battery cells 11.

[0133] The embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes the solar cell assembly 10 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments or the solar cell assembly 10 prepared by the preparation method of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application includes the solar cell assembly 10 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application has the beneficial effects of the solar cell assembly 10 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0134] According to the embodiments of the present application as described above, these embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made based on the above description. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can make good use of the present application and the modifications based on the present application. The present application is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: substrate; An isolation structure is located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of isolation structures are arranged side by side and spaced apart, and a first gap is formed between adjacent isolation structures; A battery cell is located on one side of the substrate, and at least part of the battery cell is located in the first gap, the battery cell includes a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, and in two adjacent battery cells, the first electrode of one and the second electrode of the other are in contact and connected on the isolation structure; The isolation structure comprises a top surface and side surfaces connected to both sides of the top surface, the first electrode extends from the surface of the substrate and the side surfaces to the top surface, and is in electrical contact with the second electrode of the adjacent battery cell on the top surface; The first electrode comprises a first sub-part, a second sub-part and a third sub-part which are connected in sequence and are located near the isolation structure on one side of the first sub-part, and the second sub-part and the third sub-part cover the isolation structure; The first section is located in the first gap and covers the substrate, the second section covers the side surface, the third section covers the top surface, the side surface includes a first side surface and a second side surface, the first electrode covers the first side surface, and both sides of the functional layer are in contact with the first electrode and the second side surface of the isolation structure respectively.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation structure further includes a bottom surface close to one side of the substrate, and an orthographic projection of the top surface on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the bottom surface on the substrate.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the direction from the isolation structure to the adjacent isolation structure, the cross section of the isolation structure is a trapezoid.

4. The solar cell assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross section of the isolation structure is a right-angled trapezoid or an isosceles trapezoid.

5. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the top surface on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the third section on the substrate.

6. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional layers of adjacent battery cells are spaced apart to form a second gap, and at least a portion of the third portion is exposed from the second gap.

7. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first distance is defined between a surface of the functional layer away from the substrate and the substrate, a second distance is defined between a surface of the third portion away from the substrate and the substrate, and the first distance is less than or equal to the second distance.

8. The solar cell assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first distance is equal to the second distance.

9. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second electrodes of adjacent battery cells are spaced apart from each other.

10. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrode and the second electrode in the same battery cell are spaced apart from each other.

11. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional layer includes a first transmission layer, an active layer, and a second transmission layer which are stacked in sequence.

12. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the isolation structure includes insulating material.

13. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the isolation structure includes a flexible material.

14. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation structure includes organic material or inorganic material.

15. The solar cell assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that: The organic material includes photosensitive polyimide.

16. The solar cell assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that: The inorganic material includes at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride.

17. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first electrode includes a transparent conductive material.

18. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first electrode includes a transparent conductive oxide.

19. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first electrode includes indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide.

20. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the second electrode includes conductive oxide, conductive metal or conductive carbon-based material.

21. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the first electrode is 100 nm to 500 nm.

22. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that: The method comprises: A flexible material layer is prepared on a substrate, and the flexible material layer is patterned to obtain an isolation structure, wherein a plurality of isolation structures are arranged side by side and spaced apart to form a first gap between adjacent isolation structures; Prepare a first electrode on a side of the isolation structure facing away from the substrate; Prepare a functional layer on a side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate; A second electrode is prepared on a side of the functional layer facing away from the substrate, the first electrode, the functional layer and the second electrode are stacked to form a battery unit, at least part of the battery unit is located in the first gap, and in two adjacent battery units, the first electrode of one and the second electrode of the other are in contact and connected on the isolation structure; The isolation structure includes a top surface and side surfaces connected to both sides of the top surface, the first electrode includes a first sub-section connected in sequence, a second sub-section and a third sub-section located on one side of the isolation structure close to the first sub-section, and the second sub-section and the third sub-section cover the isolation structure; The first section is located in the first gap and covers the substrate, the second section covers the side surface, and the third section covers the top surface.

23. The preparation method according to claim 22, characterized in that: In the step of preparing a functional layer on a side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate, the method further comprises: The functional layers of adjacent battery cells are spaced apart to form a second gap; The portion of the first electrode located on the top surface is exposed from the second gap.

24. The preparation method according to claim 22, characterized in that: In the step of preparing a second electrode on a side of the functional layer facing away from the substrate, the method further comprises: The second electrode covers the portion of the first electrode located on the top surface.

25. A solar cell, characterized in that: It comprises the solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 21 or the solar cell module prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 22 to 24.

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