Vehicle window glass and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of glass, in particular to a vehicle window glass and a vehicle. The vehicle window glass comprises an information collection area, the information collection area comprises an optical transmission area and a shielding area, the shielding area is provided with a first shielding layer and at least one second shielding layer, the material of the second shielding layer is different from that of the first shielding layer, at least one transition area is arranged between the first shielding layer and the optical transmission area, a part of each second shielding layer covers the transition area and another part covers part of the surface of the first shielding layer. The application can not only ensure the size range of the optical transmission area required by the sensor, but also isolate the light distortion outside the optical transmission area, so that the diopter of the optical transmission area meets the use requirement of the sensor, effectively improves the image collection quality of the sensor, is beneficial to improving the detection quality of the sensor, and in particular can meet the use requirement of a camera with high-precision narrow and small horizontal field of view.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of glass technology, particularly automotive window glass and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption of technologies such as vehicle intelligence, automation, and connectivity, the number of cameras required in vehicles has increased from just one to two, three, or even more. Furthermore, the requirements for image clarity and positional accuracy of captured objects have also significantly increased. These in-vehicle cameras need to obtain the vehicle's real-time field of view through the windows. Therefore, the optical transmission area in the windows used by the cameras to acquire the vehicle's external view needs to have sufficiently high optical quality, such as high visible light transmittance, low refractive power, and minimal secondary image deviation.

[0003] Diopter reflects the maximum permissible optical distortion value of the optical transmission area. To achieve advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and even autonomous driving functions, more and more automakers require the diopter of the optical transmission area to be no greater than 150 mdpt, and some even require it to be no greater than 100 mdpt. Traditional automotive window glass can hardly achieve such a low level of optical distortion because it uses ceramic ink printed around the perimeter of the optical transmission area, while the area itself is not printed with ceramic ink. This results in a temperature gradient of tens of degrees Celsius during subsequent bending and forming processes at temperatures exceeding 560°C. This leads to a dynamic difference in the bending and forming of the window glass, causing optical distortion around the boundary between the printed and unprinted ceramic ink areas. This distortion is more noticeable within a 30mm radius around the boundary, ultimately resulting in a diopter of over 400 mdpt for the optical transmission area surrounded by ceramic ink. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a vehicle window glass and a vehicle, such that the absolute value range of the refractive power of the optical transmission zone of the vehicle window glass can meet the requirements of high-precision sensors, effectively improving the accuracy of image data acquired by the sensors.

[0005] This application provides a vehicle window glass, applied to a vehicle, wherein at least one sensor is installed inside the vehicle, and the vehicle window glass includes an information acquisition area, which includes an optical transmission area and a shielding area, and the detection light emitted and / or received by the sensor passes through the optical transmission area of ​​the vehicle window glass;

[0006] The shielding area is provided with a first shielding layer and at least one second shielding layer. The material of the second shielding layer is different from that of the first shielding layer. At least one transition area is provided between the first shielding layer and the optical transmission area. A portion of each second shielding layer covers the transition area and another portion of it covers a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer.

[0007] In one embodiment, the vehicle window glass includes a first glass panel, an intermediate layer, and a second glass panel. The first glass panel includes a first surface and a second surface, and the second glass panel includes a third surface and a fourth surface. The intermediate layer connects the second surface and the third surface.

[0008] In one embodiment, the optical transmission region has a transmittance TL of at least 60% for visible light with wavelengths of 440 nm to 700 nm incident at an incident angle of 65°. (440-700) .

[0009] In one embodiment, the transmittance TL of the optical transmission region for red light with a wavelength of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65° is... (600-700) The transmittance TL of the optical transmission region for visible light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65°. (440-700) The ratio between them is greater than or equal to 0.8.

[0010] In one embodiment, the ratio of the transmittance Tp of the optical transmission region for P-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle to the transmittance Ts of the optical transmission region for S-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle is greater than or equal to 1.45.

[0011] In one embodiment, at least one of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is a curved glass plate formed by a bending process of a flat glass plate at a temperature of at least 560°C.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first shielding layer undergoes a bending process at at least 560°C, while the second shielding layer does not undergo a bending process at at least 560°C.

[0013] In one embodiment, the material of the first masking layer is a dark ink, which is selected from at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, and brown ultraviolet ink.

[0014] In one embodiment, the material of the second masking layer is a dark-colored paint, the thickness of the second masking layer is 5 micrometers to 40 micrometers, and the density of the dark-colored paint at 23°C is 850 kg / m³. 3 ~990kg / m3 .

[0015] In one embodiment, the dark coating is a room-temperature dark coating, and the density of the room-temperature dark coating at 23°C is 930 kg / m³. 3 ~990kg / m 3 The curing temperature of the dark-colored coating at room temperature is 15℃~40℃.

[0016] In one embodiment, the dark coating is a low-temperature dark coating, and the density of the low-temperature dark coating at 23°C is 850 kg / m³. 3 ~950kg / m 3 The curing temperature of the low-temperature dark coating is 100℃~200℃.

[0017] In one embodiment, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical transmission zone is less than or equal to 100 mdpt.

[0018] In one embodiment, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical transmission zone is less than or equal to 50 mdpt.

[0019] In one embodiment, at least one transition zone is provided in the height direction of the vehicle window glass.

[0020] In one embodiment, at least one transition zone is provided on the width side of the window glass.

[0021] In one embodiment, the width of the second shielding layer in the height direction of the window glass is less than or equal to 25 mm, the width of the transition area in the height direction of the window glass is less than or equal to 20 mm, and the width of the second shielding layer covering the first shielding layer in the height direction of the window glass is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0022] In one embodiment, the shielding area is provided with a second upper shielding layer, which covers the transition area above the optical transmission area. The width of the second upper shielding layer covering the first shielding layer in the height direction of the window glass is L1, where L1 is greater than or equal to 2 mm. The width of the second upper shielding layer covering the transition area in the height direction of the window glass is L2, where L2 is less than or equal to 20 mm. The sum of L1 and L2 is less than or equal to 25 mm.

[0023] In one embodiment, the shielding area is provided with a second lower shielding layer, which covers a transition area located below the optical transmission area. The width of the second lower shielding layer covering the transition area in the height direction of the window glass is L3, and the value of L3 is less than or equal to 20 mm. The width of the second lower shielding layer covering the first shielding layer in the direction of the window glass is L4, and the value of L4 is greater than or equal to 2 mm. The sum of L3 and L4 is less than or equal to 25 mm.

[0024] In one embodiment, the sensor is 1-4 visible light cameras, which are selected from at least one of narrow-angle cameras, standard cameras, and wide-angle cameras. The horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the narrow-angle camera is <40°, the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the standard camera is 40°≤HFOV≤90°, and the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the wide-angle camera is >90°.

[0025] This application provides a vehicle, which includes a vehicle body, a sensor, and a window glass. The window glass is connected to the vehicle body, and the sensor is disposed inside the vehicle. The detection light emitted and / or received by the sensor passes through the optical transmission area of ​​the window glass.

[0026] The vehicle window glass in this application is used in vehicles. By designing an opening in the first shielding layer and setting a second shielding layer that does not require a bending and forming process of at least 560°, it can not only ensure the size range of the optical transmission area required by the sensor, but also isolate light distortion outside the optical transmission area. This allows the refractive power of the optical transmission area to meet the sensor's usage requirements, effectively improving the sensor's image acquisition quality and enhancing the sensor's detection quality. In particular, it can meet the usage requirements of cameras with high precision and narrow horizontal field of view. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the vehicle provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A simplified schematic diagram of the sensor and window glass structure of the vehicle shown.

[0029] Figure 3 A top view of the vehicle window glass provided in this application;

[0030] Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the vehicle window glass according to the first embodiment provided in this application;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial top view of the vehicle window shown;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial perspective view of the car window glass shown;

[0033] Figure 7 A partial cross-sectional view of the vehicle window glass according to the second embodiment provided in this application;

[0034] Figure 8 A partial cross-sectional view of the vehicle window glass according to the third embodiment provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 9 A partial cross-sectional view of the vehicle window glass according to the fourth embodiment provided in this application;

[0036] Figure 10 A partial perspective view of the vehicle window glass according to the fifth embodiment provided in this application;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a partial perspective view of the vehicle window glass according to the sixth embodiment provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the vehicle provided in this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a simplified representation of the vehicle's sensors and window glass.

[0040] For ease of description, the thickness direction of the window glass 100 is defined as the Z-axis direction; the height direction of the window glass 100 is defined as the Y-axis direction, that is, the direction in which the window glass 100 extends from its bottom edge to its top edge after being installed on the vehicle 1000 is defined as the Y-axis direction; the width direction of the window glass 100 is defined as the X-axis direction, that is, the direction in which the window glass 100 extends from its left edge to its right edge after being installed on the vehicle 1000 is defined as the X-axis direction; the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction are all perpendicular to each other.

[0041] The vehicle 1000 includes a vehicle body 300, a window glass 100, and a sensor 200. The window glass 100 is connected to the vehicle body 300, and the sensor 200 is located inside the vehicle 1000. The detection light emitted and / or received by the sensor 200 passes through the window glass 100.

[0042] The vehicle 1000 may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), a sport / suburban utility vehicle (SUV), an off-road vehicle (ORV), a pickup truck, a van, a bus, a truck, etc. The vehicle window 100 may be, but is not limited to, the windshield, side windows, rear windshield, and sunroof of the vehicle 1000. The specific embodiments in this application are illustrated only with the windshield as the vehicle window 100.

[0043] The sensor 200 can specifically include, for example, a visible light camera (380nm~780nm), a near-infrared camera (780nm~1650nm), a lidar (850nm, 905nm, 1550nm), a thermal imager (8μm~12μm), etc., for image acquisition, ranging, and positioning, thereby enabling advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and even autonomous driving functions, improving the safety and intelligence level of the vehicle 1000, and enhancing the user's driving experience. Specifically, the sensor 200 can be fixedly installed on the inner surface of the window glass 100 by means of brackets, adsorption, adhesion, etc. The detection light emitted by the sensor 200 passes through the window glass 100 and / or the detection light emitted or reflected by objects located outside the vehicle is received by the sensor 200 after passing through the window glass 100.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle window glass 100 includes an information acquisition area 101, a main viewing area 102, and an opaque edge area 106. The information acquisition area 101 is located at the top of the vehicle window glass 100, and is usually located in the center of the top, so as to facilitate a better field of vision for the sensor 200. The information acquisition area 101 includes an optical transmission area 103 and a shielding area 104. The shielding area 104 can shield the bracket or accessories on which the sensor 200 is mounted. The detection light emitted by the sensor 200 passes through the optical transmission area 103 and / or the detection light emitted or reflected by objects located outside the vehicle is received by the sensor 200 after passing through the optical transmission area 103. The visible light transmittance of the main viewing area 102 is greater than or equal to 70%, so as to facilitate the observation of the external environment by the occupants of the vehicle through the main viewing area 102. The opaque edge area 106 is arranged circumferentially around the main viewing area 102, and the visible light transmittance of the opaque edge area 106 is less than or equal to 1%, so as to play a role in shielding, protecting, and improving the overall aesthetics.

[0045] exist Figure 3In this configuration, the optical transmission area 103 is completely located within the shielding area 104, meaning that 100% of the outline of the optical transmission area 103 is completely surrounded by the shielding area 104. It is understood that the outline of the optical transmission area 103 may also be partially surrounded by the shielding area 104. For optimal shielding effect, it is preferable that at least 50% of the outline of the optical transmission area 103 is surrounded by the shielding area 104, or preferably at least 60%, or preferably at least 70%, or preferably at least 80%, or preferably at least 90%.

[0046] The optical transmission area 103 corresponds to the intersection of the field of view α of the sensor 200 and the window glass 100. Preferably, the area of ​​the optical transmission area 103 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the intersection of the field of view α of the sensor 200 and the window glass 100, to facilitate the sensor 200 in emitting and / or receiving detection light for detection. In some embodiments, multiple sensors are mounted on the inner surface of the window glass 100, and each sensor can have an independent optical transmission area 103. In other embodiments, multiple sensors are mounted on the inner surface of the window glass 100, and these sensors share a portion of the field of view, i.e., the field of view of multiple sensors overlaps. A shared optical transmission area 103 is set according to the field of view of multiple sensors and the overlapping area. Specifically, the detection light emitted or reflected by an object 400 located outside the vehicle is received by the sensor 200 after passing through the optical transmission area 103, thereby enabling the sensor 200 to collect information about the external environment of the vehicle 1000. It should be noted that the optical transmission area 103 can be trapezoidal, rectangular, elliptical, triangular, or circular. The shape of the optical transmission area 103 is not limited to the shapes described above; it can be any shape that meets the requirements for use with the sensor 200. This application does not impose strict limitations on the shape of the optical transmission area 103.

[0047] In some implementations, one to four visible light cameras are typically installed on the vehicle window glass 100. These visible light cameras can include at least one of narrow-angle cameras, standard cameras, and wide-angle cameras. The visible light cameras are used to acquire image data of the driving environment in front of the vehicle, thereby enabling functions such as forward collision warning (FCW), lane departure warning (LDW), traffic sign recognition (TSR), and pedestrian collision warning (PCW). The field of view α of the visible light camera is the maximum field of view range during image data acquisition, and can be divided into horizontal field of view (HFOV) and vertical field of view (VFOV). The standard camera can be used as the main camera for ranging, object recognition, road marking, etc., and its horizontal field of view (HFOV) is 40°≤HFOV≤90°. The narrow-angle camera (also known as a telephoto camera) can be used for the recognition of targets such as traffic lights and pedestrians, and its horizontal field of view (HFOV) is <40°. The wide-angle camera can be used to recognize objects at close range and can be used in urban road conditions, low-speed driving, and other scenarios, and its horizontal field of view (HFOV) is >90°.

[0048] In some embodiments, to better meet the needs of high-definition image acquisition, it is preferable that at least one of the narrow-angle camera, the standard camera, and the wide-angle camera is a visible light camera with a pixel count greater than or equal to 5 million, such as a 5-megapixel camera, an 8-megapixel camera, a 12-megapixel camera, a 20-megapixel camera, a 50-megapixel camera, a 100-megapixel camera, a 200-megapixel camera, etc., and the modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the visible light camera at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency is greater than or equal to 0.6.

[0049] When the sensor 200 is a visible light camera, preferably the optical transmission area 103 has a transmittance TL of at least 60% for visible light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65°. (440-700) More preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 65%, even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 70%, even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 75%, even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 80%, and even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 85%.

[0050] As the intelligence level of vehicles increases, the image resolution of visible light cameras is also increasing, such as 5-megapixel cameras and 8-megapixel cameras. To meet the requirements of high-resolution cameras, the transmittance TL of the optical transmission area 103 for red light with a wavelength of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65° is preferably high. (600-700)The transmittance TL of the optical transmission region 103 for visible light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65° is... (440-700) The ratio between them is greater than or equal to 0.8, i.e., TL (600-700) / TL (440-700) ≥0.8, specifically examples include 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, etc., with TL being more preferred. (600-700) / TL (440-700) ≥0.83, further optimization of TL (600-700) / TL (440-700) ≥0.85.

[0051] To further reduce glare interference from the external environment on the visible light camera, meet the image acquisition requirements in high glare scenarios, and improve the accuracy of image acquisition, it is preferable that the ratio of the transmittance Tp of the optical transmission region 103 for P-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle to the transmittance Ts of the optical transmission region 103 for S-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle is greater than or equal to 1.45, i.e., Tp / Ts≥1. 45, specifically examples include 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.50, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59, 1.60, 1.65, 1.68, 1.70, 1.75, etc., more preferably Tp / Ts≥1.50, further preferably Tp / Ts≥1.55, even more preferably Tp / Ts≥1.60, and even more preferably Tp / Ts≥1.65.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the detection light emitted or reflected by an object 400 located outside the vehicle is received by the sensor 200 after passing through the optical transmission area 103, thereby enabling the sensor 200 to collect information about the external environment of the vehicle 1000. The window glass 100 is a laminated glass structure, including a first glass panel 11, an intermediate layer 12, and a second glass panel 13, with the intermediate layer 12 bonded between the first glass panel 11 and the second glass panel 13.

[0053] The first glass plate 11 includes a first surface 111 and a second surface 112, which are disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the first glass plate 11. The first surface 111 faces the outside of the vehicle 1000 and serves as the outer surface of the window glass 100. The second surface 112 faces the intermediate layer 12. In this embodiment, the first glass plate 11 can be at least one of high-strength glass such as silicate glass, high-alumina glass, or borosilicate glass, and its thickness can be 1.8 mm to 4.0 mm.

[0054] The second glass plate 13 includes a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132, which are disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the second glass plate 13. The third surface 131 faces the intermediate layer 12. The fourth surface 132 faces the interior of the vehicle 1000 and serves as the inner surface of the window glass 100. In this embodiment, the second glass plate 13 can be at least one of high-strength glass such as silicate glass, high-alumina glass, or borosilicate glass, and its thickness can be from 0.7 mm to 2.1 mm.

[0055] In this embodiment, the first glass plate 11 faces the outside of the vehicle 1000, the second glass plate 13 faces the inside of the vehicle 1000, and the intermediate layer 12 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 131. The material of the intermediate layer 12 is a thermoplastic polymer, specifically, at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). If the intermediate layer 12 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%, for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. When the intermediate layer 12 is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer 12 is, but not limited to, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The colored thermoplastic polymer film may be a gray thermoplastic polymer film, a green thermoplastic polymer film, or a blue thermoplastic polymer film, etc. The thickness of the intermediate layer 12 can be 0.38mm to 2.28mm.

[0056] The opaque edge area 106 is provided with an edge shielding layer 40. The edge shielding layer 40 can be located around the periphery of the second surface 112, the third surface 131, and / or the fourth surface 132. The material of the edge shielding layer 40 is dark ink, such as black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, or tan ceramic ink. The edge shielding layer 40 can be formed by processes such as screen printing or inkjet printing. Considering the overall appearance and shielding performance of the window glass 100, the thickness of the edge shielding layer 40 is preferably 5 micrometers to 40 micrometers, such as 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, 15 micrometers, 20 micrometers, 25 micrometers, 30 micrometers, 35 micrometers, 40 micrometers, etc.; the width of the edge shielding layer 40 is also preferably 50 millimeters to 500 millimeters, such as 50 millimeters, 100 millimeters, 150 millimeters, 200 millimeters, 250 millimeters, 300 millimeters, 400 millimeters, 500 millimeters, etc.

[0057] The shielding area 104 is provided with a first shielding layer 20 and a second shielding layer 30, while the optical transmission area 103 does not have an edge shielding layer 40, a first shielding layer 20, or a second shielding layer 30. The first shielding layer 20 can be located on the second surface 112, the third surface 131, and / or the fourth surface 132. The material of the first shielding layer 20 is preferably a dark ink, such as black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, or brown ultraviolet ink. The first shielding layer 20 can be formed by processes such as screen printing or inkjet printing. The material of the first shielding layer 20 can be the same as or different from the material of the edge shielding layer 40. Preferably, the material of the first shielding layer 20 is the same as the material of the edge shielding layer 40, so that the first shielding layer 20 and the edge shielding layer 40 can be formed in a single printing process, saving process steps and production costs, and also facilitating the control of printing quality.

[0058] In this application, the window glass 100 is used as automotive glass. Based on the manufacturing process of automotive glass, at least one of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13 is a curved glass plate formed by a bending process of at least 560°C from a flat glass plate. The bending process of at least 560°C is an automotive glass manufacturing process, such as gravity bending or pressing bending. After the dark ink of the first shielding layer 20 and the dark ink of the edge shielding layer 40 are printed onto the surface of the flat glass plate, they also undergo a bending process of at least 560°C along with the flat glass plate, causing the dark ink to sinter onto at least one surface of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13, ultimately resulting in the first shielding layer 20 and the edge shielding layer 40 with long service life and stable physicochemical properties.

[0059] During the bending process at at least 560°C, the shielding area 104 absorbs more heat radiation than the optically transparent area 103 due to the presence of the first shielding layer 20. This results in a significantly higher temperature in the shielding area 104 compared to the optically transparent area 103, leading to noticeable optical distortion and other defects near the interface between the first shielding layer 20 and the optically transparent area 103. To ensure that the refractive power of the optically transparent area 103 meets the requirements of the sensor 200, such as the needs of a visible light camera or even a high-definition camera, etc. Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, this application provides at least one transition region 105 between the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103. The transition region 105 connects the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103. At least one transition region 105 is provided with a second shielding layer 30. A portion of the second shielding layer 30 covers the transition region 105, and another portion of the second shielding layer 30 overlaps with the first shielding layer 20, that is, the second shielding layer 30 spans and covers the boundary between the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103. Exemplarily, two transition regions 105 are provided between the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103. One, three, four, or even more transition regions 105 can also be provided, for example. This application sets a transition area 105 to keep defects such as optical distortion that occur near the junction of the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103 in the conventional design away from the center of the optical transmission area 103, and sets a second shielding layer 30 that does not undergo a bending and forming process of at least 560°C to satisfy the overall appearance and shielding performance of the shielding area 104.

[0060] This application research found that the optical distortion generated at the vertical junction of the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103 in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100 is more severe, while the optical distortion generated at the horizontal junction of the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103 in the width direction (X-axis direction) of the window glass 100 is weaker or even negligible. Preferably, at least one transition area 105 is provided in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100, that is, the transition area 105 is located above and / or below the optical transmission area 103. It is understood that in some embodiments, at least one transition area 105 is also provided in the width direction (X-axis direction) of the window glass 100, that is, the transition area 105 is located to the left and / or to the right of the optical transmission area 103.

[0061] exist Figure 5 In the middle, two transition areas 105 and two second shielding layers 30 are provided in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100. The two second shielding layers 30 are the second upper shielding layer 31 and the second lower shielding layer 32, respectively. The first shielding layer 20, the second upper shielding layer 31 and the second lower shielding layer 32 together surround and form the optical transmission area 103.

[0062] exist Figure 6In the optical transmission area 103, there are a first contour edge 1031, a second contour edge 1032, and two side contour edges 1033. The first contour edge 1031 and the second contour edge 1032 extend along the width direction (X-axis direction) of the window glass 100 and are spaced apart along the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100. The two side contour edges 1033 are spaced apart along the width direction (X-axis direction) of the window glass 100. The first contour edge 1031, the second contour edge 1032, and the two side contour edges 1033 together form the optical transmission area 103. The first contour edge 1031 is part of the bottom edge of the second upper shielding layer 31, the second contour edge 1032 is part of the top edge of the second lower shielding layer 32, and the two side contour edges 1033 are parts of the two side edges at the junction of the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103, respectively. The first contour edge 1031, the second contour edge 1032 and the two side contour edges 1033 define the range of the optical transmission area 103, and the shape formed by the first contour edge 1031, the second contour edge 1032 and the two side contour edges 1033 is the contour of the optical transmission area 103.

[0063] In some embodiments, a portion of the second shielding layer 30 covers the transition area 105, the width of the transition area 105 in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100 is less than or equal to 20 mm, specifically examples include 20 mm, 18 mm, 15 mm, 12 mm, 10 mm, 8 mm, 5 mm, etc., preferably the width of the transition area 105 in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100 is greater than or equal to 5 mm; another portion of the second shielding layer 30 overlaps with the first shielding layer 20, the width of the second shielding layer 30 covering the first shielding layer 20 in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100 is greater than or equal to 2 mm, specifically examples include 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, etc., preferably the width of the second shielding layer 30 covering the first shielding layer 20 in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100 is less than or equal to 20 mm; the width of the second shielding layer 30 in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100 is less than or equal to 25 mm.

[0064] like Figure 6As shown, the second upper shielding layer 31 covers the first shielding layer 20 with a width of L1 in the Y-axis direction, where L1 is greater than or equal to 2 mm; the second upper shielding layer 31 covers the transition area 105 with a width of L2 in the Y-axis direction, where L2 is less than or equal to 20 mm, and the sum of L1 and L2 is less than or equal to 25 mm. The second lower shielding layer 32 covers the transition area 105 with a width of L3 in the Y-axis direction, where L3 is less than or equal to 20 mm, and the second lower shielding layer 32 covers the first shielding layer 20 with a width of L4 in the Y-axis direction, where L4 is greater than or equal to 2 mm; the sum of L3 and L4 is less than or equal to 25 mm.

[0065] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the second upper shielding layer 31 is less than or equal to the area of ​​the second lower shielding layer 32, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the second shielding layer 30. The second shielding layer 30 is formed after the first shielding layer 20 undergoes a bending forming process at at least 560°C; that is, the second shielding layer 30 does not undergo a bending forming process at at least 560°C, and the material of the second shielding layer 30 is different from the material of the first shielding layer 20.

[0066] To facilitate subsequent processing of the window glass 100, the material of the second shielding layer 30 is preferably a dark-colored paint that is not easily removed by water. The dark-colored paint is formed on the local surface and transition area 105 of the first shielding layer 20 by a coating process or a printing process after the first shielding layer 20 has undergone a bending and forming process at a temperature of at least 560°C.

[0067] The thickness of the second shielding layer 30 is 5 micrometers to 40 micrometers, and the density of the dark coating at 23°C is 850 kg / m³. 3 ~990kg / m 3 If the dark-colored coating is less than 850 kg / m³ 3 This may cause a significant color difference between the second masking layer 30 and the first masking layer 20; if the density of the dark paint is greater than 990 kg / m³ 3This may lead to uneven bonding between the second masking layer 30 and the first masking layer 20. To improve overall appearance consistency and aesthetics, it is preferable that the color difference ΔE between the color of the second masking layer 30 and the color of the first masking layer 20 is less than or equal to 2, or even almost negligible. The color difference ΔE is calculated using the formula ΔE=[(△L*)^2+(△a*)^2+(△b*)^2]^0.5, where △L*, △a*, and △b* represent the differences between the two colors on the L*, a*, and b* axes, respectively. In the CIE Lab color space, L* represents lightness, ranging from 0 to 100; a* represents the component from green to red, ranging from -128 to 127; and b* represents the component from blue to yellow, ranging from -128 to 127. To ensure that the second shielding layer 30 simultaneously covers both the partial surface of the first shielding layer 20 and the transition area 105, it is preferable that the thickness of the second shielding layer 30 is greater than the thickness of the first shielding layer 20. Considering the convenience of the overall structural design of the vehicle window glass 100, it is even more preferable that the thickness of the second shielding layer 30 is 0.5 micrometers to 5 micrometers greater than the thickness of the first shielding layer 20, specifically for example, 0.5 micrometers, 1 micrometer, 1.5 micrometers, 2 micrometers, 2.5 micrometers, 3 micrometers, 3.5 micrometers, 4 micrometers, 4.5 micrometers, 5 micrometers, etc.

[0068] The dark-colored coating can be a room-temperature dark-colored coating, and the density of the room-temperature dark-colored coating at 23°C is 930 kg / m³. 3 ~990kg / m 3 The curing temperature of the room-temperature dark-colored coating is 15℃~40℃. The coating contains a coloring agent and polyurethane, with the polyurethane content ranging from 10% to 30% by mass. The coloring agent can be iron oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, or manganese oxide, etc., serving to mask and provide color, preferably a black color. The polyurethane is used to adjust the viscosity, curing speed, and post-curing properties of the room-temperature dark-colored coating. It is understood that the room-temperature dark-colored coating can be obtained through commercial channels, and may also contain additives such as leveling agents and surfactants.

[0069] The dark coating can also be a low-temperature dark coating, with a density of 850 kg / m³ at 23°C. 3 ~950kg / m 3The low-temperature dark coating has a curing temperature of 100℃ to 200℃. The low-temperature dark coating contains coloring components and acrylic resin, with the acrylic resin content ranging from 30% to 40% by mass. The coloring components can be iron oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, or manganese oxide, etc., serving to mask and provide color, preferably a black color. The acrylic resin is used to adjust the viscosity, curing speed, and post-curing properties of the low-temperature dark coating. It is understood that the low-temperature dark coating can be obtained through commercial channels, and it may also contain additives such as leveling agents and surfactants.

[0070] exist Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this application, the process of obtaining a curved glass plate having a first shielding layer 20 and a second shielding layer 30 is as follows: A flat glass plate is prepared, and dark ink is printed on at least one surface of the flat glass plate to form a first shielding layer 20. An opening 21 is provided within the first shielding layer 20, and the opening 21 does not contain the first shielding layer 20. The area of ​​the opening 21 is larger than the area of ​​the optical transmission area 103. The flat glass plate with the first shielding layer 20 is then subjected to a bending process at at least 560°C. Due to the difference in thermal radiation between the first shielding layer 20 and the flat glass plate... The absorption of light varies, causing obvious optical distortion and other defects near the local junction of the first shielding layer 20 and the opening 21. This application increases the area of ​​the opening 21 to keep the optical distortion and other defects generated during the bending process away from the final optical transmission area 103. After the bending process is completed, a dark coating is applied or printed on the bent glass plate with the first shielding layer 20 to form a second shielding layer 30 by means of a curved surface coating process or a curved surface printing process. The second shielding layer 30 covers the local surface and transition area 105 of the first shielding layer 20.

[0071] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, optical distortion is more likely to occur at the upper and lower boundaries of the first shielding layer 20 and the optical transmission area 103 in the height direction (Y-axis direction) of the window glass 100. Therefore, the opening 21 has a transition area 105 above the optical transmission area 103 and a transition area 105 below the optical transmission area 103. The second upper shielding layer 31 covers the transition area 105 above the optical transmission area 103, and the second lower shielding layer 32 covers the transition area 105 below the optical transmission area 103. This design not only ensures the size range of the optical transmission area 103 required by the sensor 200, but also isolates optical distortion outside the optical transmission area 103. This allows the refractive power of the optical transmission area 103 to meet the usage requirements of the sensor 200, effectively improving the image acquisition quality of the sensor 200 and improving the detection quality of the sensor 200. In particular, it can meet the usage requirements of cameras with high precision and narrow horizontal field of view. Preferably, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical transmission zone 103 is less than or equal to 100 mdpt, more preferably less than or equal to 85 mdpt, more preferably less than or equal to 70 mdpt, or even less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0072] exist Figure 4 In this design, a first shielding layer 20 is provided on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11 and the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13. Each of the two first shielding layers 20 has an opening 21. Two transition areas 105 are provided within the openings 21 on the fourth surface 132. Two second shielding layers 30 are also provided on the fourth surface 132, covering the two transition areas 105 and partially covering the surfaces of the first shielding layers 20 on the fourth surface 132. Specifically, the two first shielding layers 20 completely overlap each other in the thickness direction (Z-axis direction) of the window glass 100.

[0073] like Figure 7 As shown, only the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11 is provided with a first shielding layer 20. The first shielding layer 20 has an opening 21. Two transition areas 105 are provided in the opening 21 on the second surface 112. The second shielding layer 30 is provided on the second surface 112. The second shielding layer 30 covers the transition areas 105 on the second surface 112 and covers a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer 20 on the second surface 112.

[0074] like Figure 8 As shown, only the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 is provided with a first shielding layer 20. The first shielding layer 20 has an opening 21. Two transition areas 105 are provided in the opening 21 on the fourth surface 132. The second shielding layer 30 is provided on the fourth surface 132. The second shielding layer 30 covers the transition areas 105 on the fourth surface 132 and covers a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer 20 on the fourth surface 132.

[0075] like Figure 9 As shown, the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11 and the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 are both provided with a first shielding layer 20. Each of the two first shielding layers 20 has an opening 21. Two transition areas 105 are provided within the opening 21 on the second surface 112, and two transition areas 105 are also provided within the opening 21 on the fourth surface 132. Four second shielding layers 30 are provided on the window glass 100. Two of the second shielding layers 30 are located on the second surface 112 and respectively cover the two transition areas 105 on the second surface 112 and a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer 20 on the second surface 112. The other two second shielding layers 30 are located on the fourth surface 132 and respectively cover the two transition areas 105 on the fourth surface 132 and a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer 20 on the fourth surface 132. Specifically, the two first shielding layers 20 completely overlap each other in the thickness direction (Z-axis direction) of the window glass 100.

[0076] In other embodiments, the window glass 100 may also be provided with three second shielding layers 30, one of which is provided on the second surface 112 and the other two are provided on the fourth surface 132, or two of which are provided on the second surface 112 and the other second shielding layer 30 is provided on the fourth surface 132.

[0077] In some embodiments, two second shielding layers 30 may also be provided on the window glass 100, one of which is provided on the second surface 112 and the other is provided on the fourth surface 132.

[0078] In other embodiments, the window glass 100 may also have only one second shielding layer 30, which may be provided only on the second surface 112 or only on the fourth surface 132.

[0079] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the shielding area 104 is provided with only one second shielding layer 30. Specifically in Figure 10 In this configuration, only the second upper shielding layer 31 is provided, and the second lower shielding layer 32 is not provided. The second upper shielding layer 31 covers a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer 20 and the transition area 105 located above the optical transmission area 103. Only the first contour edge 1031 and the two side contour edges 1033 of the optical transmission area 103 are surrounded by the first shielding layer 20, while the second contour edge 1032 of the optical transmission area 103 is not surrounded by the first shielding layer 20. Specifically in Figure 11In this configuration, only the second lower shielding layer 32 is provided, and the second upper shielding layer 31 is not provided. The second lower shielding layer 32 covers a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer 20 and the transition area 105 located below the optical transmission area 103. All four contour edges of the optical transmission area 103 are surrounded by the first shielding layer 20.

[0080] Comparative Examples 1-15 and Examples 1-15 are as follows:

[0081] Prepare two pieces of 2.1mm thick silicate glass. According to the production process of automotive glass, that is, a bending and forming process of at least 560°C, such as gravity bending process, pressing bending process, etc., bend each piece of silicate glass into shape. Then, the two pieces of bent silicate glass and a 0.76mm PVB (adhesive layer) are laminated, pre-pressed, and high-pressure treated to form the car window glass of Comparative Examples 1-15 and Examples 1-15. Measure and calculate their horizontal and vertical refractive powers and record the measurement results in Table 1.

[0082] Comparative Examples 1-15: Only the first shielding layer 20 is provided, and the optical transmission area 103 is formed by the first shielding layer 20;

[0083] Examples 1-15: A first shielding layer 20 and a second shielding layer 30 are provided, and the optical transmission area 103 is formed by the first shielding layer 20 and the second shielding layer 30 together;

[0084] Table 1: Measurement results of Comparative Examples 1-15 and Examples 1-15

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] The data in Table 1 were measured using the ISRA VISION LABSCAN-SCREEN system. Horizontal refractive power was measured with filter parameters "3 / 2 / 0 30 / 4 / 4" and a detection angle of 26.8°, determining the maximum refractive power of the optical transmission area 103 in the width direction (X-axis) of the window glass 100. Vertical refractive power was measured with filter parameters "3 / 2 / 0 30 / 4 / 4" and a detection angle of 26.8°, determining the maximum refractive power of the optical transmission area 103 in the height direction (Y-axis) of the window glass 100. The positive and negative signs of the horizontal and vertical refractive powers in Table 1 only indicate the direction of optical distortion; positive values ​​indicate convex distortion, and negative values ​​indicate concave distortion. The absolute values ​​of the horizontal and vertical refractive powers indicate the degree of optical distortion; a larger absolute value indicates a greater degree of optical distortion.

[0088] As shown in Table 1, the conventionally designed car window glass in Comparative Examples 1-15 has an absolute value of horizontal refractive power in the optical transmission area 103 that is greater than 200 mdpt, and even greater than 300 mdpt. Since car window glass is typically used as a windshield and is usually installed vertically to minimize visual distortion and fatigue for the driver, the optical distortion in the X-axis direction of the optical transmission area 103 has the greatest impact on the image quality of the sensor 200, resulting in greater optical distortion in the acquired image. Compared to Comparative Examples 1-15, the car window glass 100 designed in this application in Examples 1-15 can significantly reduce the absolute value of horizontal refractive power in the optical transmission area 103 to less than or equal to 100 mdpt, preferably less than or equal to 85 mdpt, more preferably less than or equal to 70 mdpt, and even less than or equal to 60 mdpt. Therefore, the degree of optical distortion in the X-axis direction of the optical transmission area 103 in Examples 1-15 is significantly improved, preventing localized abnormal distortion in the acquired image.

[0089] In Table 1, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical transmission area 103 in Examples 1-15 is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, preferably less than or equal to 40 mdpt, more preferably less than or equal to 30 mdpt, and even less than or equal to 25 mdpt. Compared with the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical transmission area 103 in Comparative Examples 1-15, it is reduced by at least 30 mdpt, or at least 40 mdpt, or at least 50 mdpt, or at least 60 mdpt, or even at least 100 mdpt, and even more so at least 120 mdpt. Therefore, the degree of optical distortion in the Y-axis direction of the optical transmission area 103 in Examples 1-15 is significantly improved, preventing local abnormal distortion in the acquired image.

[0090] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A vehicle window glass, applied to a vehicle, wherein at least one sensor is installed inside the vehicle, and the vehicle window glass includes an information acquisition area, characterized in that, The information acquisition area includes an optical transmission area and a shielding area, and the detection light emitted and / or received by the sensor passes through the optical transmission area of ​​the vehicle window glass; The shielding area is provided with a first shielding layer and at least one second shielding layer. The material of the second shielding layer is different from that of the first shielding layer. At least one transition area is provided between the first shielding layer and the optical transmission area. A portion of each second shielding layer covers the transition area and another portion of it covers a portion of the surface of the first shielding layer. The material of the first shielding layer is a dark ink, which is selected from at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, and brown ultraviolet ink; The second masking layer is made of a dark-colored paint, and its thickness is 5 to 40 micrometers. The density of the dark-colored paint at 23°C is 850. .

2. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass includes a first glass panel, an intermediate layer, and a second glass panel. The first glass panel includes a first surface and a second surface, and the second glass panel includes a third surface and a fourth surface. The intermediate layer connects the second surface and the third surface.

3. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical transmission region has a transmittance of at least 60% TL for visible light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65°. (440-700) .

4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmittance TL of the optical transmission region for red light with a wavelength of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65° is... (600-700) The transmittance TL of the optical transmission region for visible light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65°. (440-700) The ratio between them is greater than or equal to 0.

8.

5. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the transmittance Tp of the optical transmission region for P-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle to the transmittance Ts of the optical transmission region for S-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle is greater than or equal to 1.

45.

6. The vehicle window glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is a curved glass plate formed by a bending process of a flat glass plate at a temperature of at least 560°C.

7. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first shielding layer undergoes a bending process at at least 560°C, while the second shielding layer does not undergo a bending process at at least 560°C.

8. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dark-colored paint is a room-temperature dark-colored paint, and the density of the room-temperature dark-colored paint at 23°C is 930. The curing temperature of the dark-colored coating at room temperature is 15℃~40℃.

9. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dark coating is a low-temperature dark coating, and the density of the low-temperature dark coating at 23°C is 850. The curing temperature of the low-temperature dark coating is 100℃~200℃.

10. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical transmission zone is less than or equal to 100 mdpt.

11. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical transmission zone is less than or equal to 50 mdpt.

12. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one transition zone is provided in the height direction of the vehicle window glass.

13. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that, At least one transition zone is provided on the width of the vehicle window glass.

14. The vehicle window glass according to claim 12, characterized in that, The width of the second shielding layer in the height direction of the window glass is less than or equal to 25 mm, the width of the transition area in the height direction of the window glass is less than or equal to 20 mm, and the width of the second shielding layer covering the first shielding layer in the height direction of the window glass is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

15. The vehicle window glass according to claim 12, characterized in that, The shielding area is provided with a second upper shielding layer, which covers the transition area above the optical transmission area. The width of the second upper shielding layer covering the first shielding layer in the height direction of the window glass is L1, and the value of L1 is greater than or equal to 2mm. The width of the second upper shielding layer covering the transition area in the height direction of the window glass is L2, and the value of L2 is less than or equal to 20mm. The sum of L1 and L2 is less than or equal to 25mm.

16. The vehicle window glass according to claim 12 or 15, characterized in that, The shielding area is provided with a second lower shielding layer, which covers the transition area located below the optical transmission area. The width of the second lower shielding layer covering the transition area in the height direction of the window glass is L3, and the value of L3 is less than or equal to 20mm. The width of the second lower shielding layer covering the first shielding layer in the height direction of the window glass is L4, and the value of L4 is greater than or equal to 2mm. The sum of L3 and L4 is less than or equal to 25mm.

17. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor is 1-4 visible light cameras, which are selected from at least one of narrow-angle cameras, standard cameras and wide-angle cameras. The horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the narrow-angle camera is <40°, the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the standard camera is 40°≤HFOV≤90°, and the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the wide-angle camera is >90°.

18. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a vehicle body, sensors, and a window glass according to any one of claims 1-17, the window glass being connected to the vehicle body, the sensors being disposed inside the vehicle, and the sensor emitting and / or receiving detection light passing through the optical transmission area of ​​the window glass.

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