Two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device

Abstract

A kind of two-dimensional water turbine multistage power generation device, belong to droplet energy conversion technical field, by multiple identical hierarchical device composition, each hierarchical structure is composed of double-layer thin-walled container and power generation component.Double-layer thin-walled container is upper and lower double-layer frame structure, the bottom surface of upper layer is provided with through hole, the side surface of lower layer is provided with overflow port.Power generation component includes super-hydrophobic disc, center shaft, magnet, coil, is located in lower layer groove.Super-hydrophobic disc floats on water surface and can rotate around center shaft, both sides have super-hydrophobicity, upper surface is provided with hydrophilic droplet transport track, magnet is fixed on upper surface, coil is fixed on the lower surface of lower layer structure and does not contact with water.Droplet drives super-hydrophobic disc rotation, magnet moves relatively coil below and generates electricity.In driving the power generation unit of previous stage, overflowed water droplet continues to drive the next stage.The present application has simple structure and preparation process, and the multistage structure from top to bottom can generate electricity using small water head, reduces energy loss in the process of too large water head impact, realizes water energy full utilization, improves energy utilization rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of droplet energy conversion, and relates to a two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device which can realize full utilization of water energy and improve energy utilization. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a green, mature and sustainable power generation technology, hydropower contributes about 20% of the world's total power production (Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 68, 87-101), and has important significance in national production and life. At present, hydropower mainly relies on water flow with high potential energy such as rivers and lakes to drive water turbines to convert water energy into mechanical energy and drive generators to generate electricity. However, for the world's water shortage and lack of hilly or sloping areas that can form a high water drop, it is unrealistic to use existing hydropower technology for large-scale power generation. Although emerging power generation technologies such as nanometer friction power generation can improve this situation to some extent, they use lower drop water to generate electricity, but the lower output power limits their further practical application (Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52, 12545-12549). In addition, the energy source in the process of hydropower generation is the gravitational potential energy of water, and the heat generated in the impact driving process will cause unnecessary energy loss, and the energy utilization is not sufficient. Therefore, in view of these problems, the application proposes a power generation device with a two-dimensional water turbine, which combines a superhydrophobic disc with a superhydrophilic pattern and electromagnetic law to realize the conversion of water energy into electrical energy, and a self-top-down multi-stage structure is designed to realize full utilization of water energy and improve energy utilization. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a power generation device which is simple in structure and can realize full utilization and conversion of water energy.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0005] A two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device (a three-stage power generation device is shown in the figure) Figure 1 The device is composed of a double-layer thin-walled container 1 and a power generation assembly (the structure of each device is the same), and its isometric side view and front view are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 .

[0006] The double-layer thin-walled container 1 is a non-ferromagnetic material, and has a double-layer frame structure. Each layer has a top-opened groove structure for placing water. The depth of the upper groove structure is greater than that of the lower groove structure. The bottom surface of the upper groove structure is provided with a plurality of through holes 8 uniformly distributed. The depth of the lower groove structure is smaller, and the side surface is provided with a water overflow port 2 for adjusting the water depth.

[0007] The power generation assembly includes a super-hydrophobic disc 4, a central shaft 5, a magnet 6, and a coil 7. The power generation assembly is located in the lower groove structure of the double-layer thin-walled container 1, directly below the upper through holes 8. The central shaft 5 is installed at the center hole of the super-hydrophobic disc 4. The lower structure is filled with water, and the super-hydrophobic disc 4 floats on the water surface. The super-hydrophobic disc 4 can rotate around the fixed central shaft 5 through the small hole at the center position of the super-hydrophobic disc 4. The two sides (upper and lower surfaces) of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 have super-hydrophobic properties. The upper surface of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 is uniformly distributed with droplet transportation tracks for capturing and transporting liquid droplets. The magnet 6 is fixed on the super-hydrophobic region of the upper surface of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 and is uniformly distributed along the outer edge of the super-hydrophobic disc 4. The coil 7 is fixed on the lower surface of the lower groove of the double-layer thin-walled container 1 by functional glue and does not contact the water in the container, and is uniformly distributed directly below the magnet 6.

[0008] In each power generation device, the water in the upper layer falls through the through holes 8 onto the super-hydrophobic disc 4 in the lower layer under the action of gravity, is captured by the super-hydrophilic pattern on the super-hydrophobic disc 4 and is spontaneously transported to the water in the lower layer in a short time. The super-hydrophobic disc 4 rotates around the central shaft 5 under the action of the droplet back thrust (the specific process and principle are as follows: the power generation assembly floats on the water surface, the liquid droplets falling on the super-hydrophobic disc 4 are captured by the droplet transportation tracks in a short time, and then are transported along the spiral droplet transportation tracks under the action of the unbalanced Laplace pressure before and after the liquid droplets, and are injected into the water at the edge of the super-hydrophobic disc 4, and the super-hydrophobic disc 4 generates in-situ rotary motion under the action of the back thrust generated in the process of the liquid droplets entering the water), thereby driving the magnet 6 located on the upper surface of the disc 4 to move relative to the coil 7, and realizing electromagnetic power generation. After the water droplets drive the upper device, they flow into the next device through the water overflow port 2 to continue driving.

[0009] For a multi-stage power generation device, water is only needed to be added to the uppermost device, and the device can be driven step by step under the action of gravity.

[0010] Further, the super-hydrophobic disc 4 is a circular plate made of metal or non-metal material that can float on the water surface, and has a through hole at the center for installing the central shaft 5. The center hole is hydrophilic, and the contact angle of the water droplets on the center hole is less than 90 degrees. The diameter of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 is preferably less than 200 mm.

[0011] Further, the contact angle of the upper and lower surfaces of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 is greater than 150 degrees; the central axis 5 is a cylinder, the surface is super-hydrophobic, the contact angle of the surface is greater than 150 degrees, and the size is slightly smaller than the central hydrophilic hole of the super-hydrophobic disc 4.

[0012] Further, the droplet transportation track on the upper surface of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 is super-hydrophilic, as a droplet transportation track, the edge curve is an equiangular spiral, which extends from the center of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 to the outer edge, and the shape of the droplet transportation track can be controlled by adjusting the spiral angle of the spiral line; the spiral angle of the edge equiangular spiral of the droplet transportation track is adjusted according to the rotation speed requirement and the droplet size, and the spiral angle is less than 90 degrees; the number of the droplet transportation tracks is adjusted according to the liquid flow through the through hole 8, and the preferred range is 4-10; the end width of the droplet transportation track is adjusted according to the droplet size, and the preferred range is 4-12 mm.

[0013] Further, the magnet 6 is treated by a super-hydrophobic process, the surface does not adhere to droplets, and the super-hydrophilic droplet transportation track is not covered.

[0014] Further, the size and number of the through hole 8 gradually decrease from top to bottom, so that the overflowed liquid from the upper device can meet the continuous driving of the lower device.

[0015] Further, the position and size of the overflow port 2 can not only determine the depth of the water in the lower groove, but also control the distance between the magnet 6 and the coil 7, and the minimum distance d between the magnet 6 and the coil 7 is theoretically greater than the sum of the thickness of the super-hydrophobic disc and the bottom of the lower groove, and the preferred range is less than 10 mm.

[0016] Further, the size and number of the magnet 6 and the coil 7 are adjusted according to the size of the super-hydrophobic disc 4 and the output characteristics of the power generation.

[0017] Further, the positions of the magnet 6 and the coil 7 can be interchanged under the condition that the relative motion between the coil 7 and the magnet 6 is ensured.

[0018] Further, the number of stages and the distance between layers of the power generation device can be increased or decreased according to requirements.

[0019] Further, the power generation assembly unit can be distributed in an array at each stage to realize the collection of large-area droplets, as shown in Figure 4

[0020] Compared with the existing hydroelectric power generation device, the present application has the following advantages:

[0021] ​(1) This invention achieves in-situ rotational motion driven by droplets by introducing a spiral hydrophilic pattern on the surface of a superhydrophobic disk, and realizes the conversion of droplet surface energy into electrical energy by combining electromagnetic laws. This device can be designed not only with a multi-level structure from top to bottom, but also with an array structure to achieve large-area water energy harvesting.

[0022] (2) The present invention realizes spontaneous transport of droplets and drives them based on an extremely wettable surface, avoiding the generation of energy during the impact-driven process and reducing energy loss.

[0023] (3) In the case of limited water height, the present invention can set up a multi-level structure to realize the multiple use of water energy, without requiring the initial height of the droplets, thereby improving the energy utilization rate.

[0024] (4) In this invention, the coil is placed on the outside of the bottom of the container, which automatically isolates it from the water, ensuring high safety and reliability.

[0025] (5) In this invention, the minimum distance between the coil and the magnet only needs to be slightly greater than the sum of the thickness of the circular plate and the bottom of the container, which is convenient for improving the strength of the induced magnetic field and the output power.

[0026] (6) The present invention has a simple structure and preparation process, low cost, short preparation cycle and good output controllability. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is an isometric side view of a two-dimensional multi-stage hydro turbine power generation device according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is an isometric side view of each stage in a two-dimensional multi-stage hydro turbine power generation device according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a front view of each stage in a two-dimensional multi-stage hydro turbine power generation device according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is an isometric side view of a two-dimensional water turbine array multi-stage power generation device according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a charging efficiency diagram of charging a capacitor using an external amplifier connected to this power generation device in Example 1.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Thin-walled container, 2. Overflow outlet, 3. Water, 4. Superhydrophobic disk, 5. Central shaft, 6. Magnet, 7. Coil, 8. Through hole. Detailed Implementation Plan

[0033] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-stage power generation device, each stage device is composed of a double-layer thin-walled container and a power generation assembly, its isometric view and front view are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 .

[0036] The thin-walled container 1 is spliced by acrylic plates with a thickness of 1 mm, in a double-layer structure. The water with a depth of 50 mm in the upper layer container drips on the super-hydrophobic disc 4 with a diameter of 60 mm through the uniformly distributed through holes 8, and is transported along the spiral super-hydrophilic track to the lower layer container, and the super-hydrophobic disc rotates around the super-hydrophobic shaft 5 under the action of the liquid drop counter-thrust. Three magnets 6 with a magnetic field strength of 125 mT are driven by the disc 4 to move relative to the three turns of the coil 7 with a number of 10000 turns, an outer diameter of 20 mm, an inner diameter of 3 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm, which are adhered to the outside of the container bottom, to realize electromagnetic power generation. The distance between the magnet 6 and the coil 7 is determined by the position and size of the overflow port 2, and is set to 5 mm. Each stage of the device contains one power generation assembly, and there are three stages in total. After driving the upper stage device, the water droplets flow into the next stage device through the overflow port 2 to continue driving. The three coils in each power generation assembly are connected in series, and the stages are connected in parallel. An external amplifier is used to charge the capacitor using the power generation device, and the results show that the charging voltage reaches 1.92 V in 1000 s, showing a high charging efficiency, as shown in Figure 5 .

[0037] In this embodiment, the super-hydrophobic disc 4 is made of pure aluminum material with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The super-hydrophobicity is obtained after laser etching and low surface energy modification on the upper and lower surfaces. The contact angle of water droplets on the surface is 155 degrees. The upper surface is processed by laser twice to obtain a super-hydrophilic pattern, which facilitates the transportation of liquid droplets, and the contact angle of water droplets on the surface is about 0 degrees. The edge curve of the super-hydrophilic pattern is an equiangular spiral, the spiral angle is 75 degrees, the end width is 14 mm, and the number is 6.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] An isometric view of a two-dimensional water turbine array multi-stage power generation device is shown in Figure 4As shown, the device contains 4 power generation components per stage, and there are 2 stages in total. The thin-walled container is spliced from acrylic plates with a thickness of 3 mm, and has a double-layer structure. The water with a depth of 50 mm in the upper container drips onto 4 super-hydrophobic discs with a diameter of 60 mm through uniformly distributed through-holes, and is transported along the spiral super-hydrophilic track to the lower container, and the super-hydrophobic discs rotate around the super-hydrophobic shaft under the action of the back-pushing force of the water droplets. For each power generation component, three magnets with a magnetic field strength of 302 mT move relative to the coil with a number of turns of 10000, an outer diameter of 20 mm, an inner diameter of 3 mm, and a wire diameter of 0.1 mm driven by the disc, to realize electromagnetic power generation. The distance between the magnet and the coil is determined by the position and size of the overflow port, and is set to 10 mm. After driving the upper device, the water droplets flow into the lower device through the overflow port to continue driving. The three coils in each power generation component are connected in series, and the power generation components in the same stage are connected in parallel, and the stages are connected to the load in parallel. When the system is stably running, the power generation device is externally connected to an amplifier to supply power to the LED lamp, and the results show that the externally connected LED lamp can be continuously lit as the driving disc of the water droplets continues to rotate.

[0040] In the embodiment, the super-hydrophobic disc 4 is made of pure aluminum with a thickness of 0.3 mm, and the surfaces on both sides are laser etched and then modified with low surface energy to obtain super-hydrophobicity. The contact angle of water droplets on the surface is 155 degrees. The surface on one side is laser processed twice to obtain a super-hydrophilic pattern, which facilitates the transportation of water droplets, and the contact angle of water droplets on the surface is about 0 degrees. The edge curve of the super-hydrophilic pattern is an equiangular spiral, the spiral angle is 75 degrees, the end width is 14 mm, and the number is 6.

[0041] The above-described embodiments only express the implementation of the present application, but cannot be interpreted as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device, characterized by, The multi-stage power generation device is composed of multiple hierarchical structures with the same structure, each hierarchical structure being composed of a double-layer thin-walled container (1) and a power generation assembly; The double-layer thin-walled container (1) is made of non-ferromagnetic material and has a double-layer frame structure, each layer being a groove structure with an open top for placing water; the depth of the upper groove structure is greater than that of the lower groove structure, and the bottom surface of the upper groove structure is provided with multiple through holes (8) uniformly distributed thereon; the side surface of the lower groove structure is provided with a water overflow port (2) for adjusting the water depth; The power generation assembly comprises a super-hydrophobic disc (4), a central shaft (5), a magnet (6) and a coil (7), is located in the lower groove structure of the double-layer thin-walled container (1) and directly below the upper through hole (8), the central shaft (5) is installed at the center hole of the super-hydrophobic disc (4); the super-hydrophobic disc (4) floats on the water surface and can rotate around the central shaft (5) under the action of the liquid drop counterforce, both sides of the super-hydrophobic disc (4) have super-hydrophobic property, and the upper surfaces of the super-hydrophobic disc (4) are uniformly provided with liquid drop transportation tracks for capturing and transporting liquid drops; the magnet (6) is fixed on the super-hydrophobic region and is uniformly distributed along the outer edge of the super-hydrophobic disc (4); and the coil (7) is fixed on the lower surface of the lower groove of the double-layer thin-walled container (1) and does not contact the water in the container, and is uniformly distributed directly below the magnet (6).

2. The multi-stage power generation device of a two-dimensional water turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each power generation device, the water in the upper groove structure drops on the super-hydrophobic disc (4) in the lower layer through the through holes (8) under the action of gravity, is captured by the super-hydrophilic pattern on the super-hydrophobic disc (4) and is spontaneously transported into the water in the lower layer, the super-hydrophobic disc (4) rotates around the central shaft (5) under the action of the liquid drop counterforce, the magnet (6) on the upper surface of the disc (4) moves relative to the coil (7) to realize electromagnetic power generation, and the water drops continue to drive the next stage device after driving the previous stage device; For the multi-stage power generation device, water is only needed to be added to the upper groove structure of the uppermost stage device, and the whole device can be driven step by step under the action of gravity.

3. The multi-stage power generation device of a two-dimensional water turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid drop transportation track on the upper surface of the super-hydrophobic disc (4) is a super-hydrophilic track, the edge curve of the super-hydrophilic track is an equiangular spiral, the equiangular spiral extends from the center of the super-hydrophobic disc (4) to the outer edge, and the shape of the liquid drop transportation track is controlled by adjusting the spiral angle of the spiral line; The spiral angle of the equiangular spiral of the liquid drop transportation track is adjusted according to the rotation speed requirement and the size of the liquid drop; The number of the liquid drop transportation tracks is adjusted according to the liquid flow rate through the through holes (8), the size and number of the through holes (8) are gradually reduced from top to bottom, the liquid amount overflowing from the previous stage device can ensure the continuous driving of the next stage device, and the end width of the liquid drop transportation track is adjusted according to the size of the liquid drop. The super-hydrophobic disc (4) is a circular plate made of metal or non-metallic material that can float on water, with a through hole in the center for mounting the central shaft (5), and the surface of the central shaft (5) has super-hydrophobicity.

4. The two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spiral angle is less than 90 degrees, the number of droplet transportation tracks is 4-10, and the end width is 4-12 mm. The diameter of the super-hydrophobic disc (4) is less than 200 mm. The contact angle of the upper and lower surfaces of the super-hydrophobic disc (4) is greater than 150 degrees, and the contact angle of the surface of the central shaft (5) is greater than 150 degrees.

5. The two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnet (6) is treated by a super-hydrophobic process, and the surface does not adhere to droplets and does not cover the super-hydrophilic droplet transportation track. The size and number of the magnet (6) and the coil (7) are adjusted according to the size of the super-hydrophobic disc (4) and the power generation output characteristics; the positions of the magnet (6) and the coil (7) can be interchanged while ensuring relative movement between the coil (7) and the magnet (6).

6. A two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position and size of the overflow port (2) can determine the depth of the water in the lower groove and control the distance between the magnet (6) and the coil (7), and the minimum distance d between the magnet (6) and the coil (7) is greater than the sum of the thickness of the super-hydrophobic disc and the bottom of the lower groove.

7. A two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The minimum distance d is less than 10 mm.

8. The two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of stages and the layer spacing of the power generation device can be increased or decreased according to requirements.

9. The two-dimensional water turbine multi-stage power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation assembly unit in each layer structure can be distributed in an array at each stage.

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