Breeding and cultivation method of morel species in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

This invention proposes a method for the selection and cultivation of morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land, belonging to the field of morel mushroom technology. The method includes the following steps: (1) selection of salt-tolerant strains; (2) preparation of strong domesticated strains; (3) preparation of soil conditioner; (4) pre-sowing preparation; (5) sowing management; (6) fruiting management; and (7) harvesting. This method significantly promotes the rapid growth of morel mushrooms, resulting in healthy, abundant, and highly nutritious morel mushrooms. It also enables the resource utilization of saline-alkali land, improving land utilization and possessing significant environmental value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of morel mushroom technology, specifically to a method for the selection and cultivation of morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, according to incomplete statistics, the global area of ​​saline-alkali land is 954.38 million hectares. Saline-alkali land is a general term for saline soil and alkaline soil. Saline soil mainly refers to saline soil with high chloride or sulfate content; the soil is alkaline, but the pH value is not necessarily high. Alkaline soil refers to soil containing carbonate or biphosphate; the pH value is high, and the soil is alkaline. Saline-alkali soil has low organic matter content, low soil fertility, poor physical and chemical properties, is prone to compaction, and contains more anions and cations harmful to crops, making it difficult for crops to sprout. Saline-alkali land is divided into slightly saline-alkali land, moderately saline-alkali land, and severely saline-alkali land. Slightly saline-alkali land has a salt content of less than 0.3%, severely saline-alkali land has a salt content of more than 0.6%, and the area in between is moderately saline-alkali land. Because the improvement of saline-alkali land is difficult, the application of chemical fertilizers can aggravate secondary salinization of the soil. In addition, there are few salt-tolerant tree and crop species, so most saline-alkali land is in a state of waste.

[0003] Morel mushrooms (Morchella) are a rare edible and medicinal fungus, rich in nutrients, containing various essential amino acids and vitamins. They are believed to enhance immunity, lower cholesterol, and possess anti-radiation, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, and antioxidant properties. In recent years, the cultivation area of ​​morel mushrooms has gradually expanded, primarily centered in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Hubei provinces. Cultivation methods are mainly based on semi-wild practices, resulting in a long production cycle. In northern regions, where temperatures fluctuate greatly and winter temperatures are low, greenhouses are often used for supplementary heating, leading to higher costs and relatively complex operations. Morel mushrooms are susceptible to external factors, thus their current yield is scarce. Currently, the high salinity of saline-alkali soil presents a significant technical challenge for morel cultivation, and there are no reports on the selection and cultivation of morel mushrooms in saline-alkali soil. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a method for the selection and cultivation of morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land, which can significantly promote the rapid growth of morel mushrooms, resulting in healthy, abundant, and highly nutritious morel mushrooms. Furthermore, it enables the resource utilization of saline-alkali land, improves land utilization, and has significant environmental value.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a method for the selection and cultivation of morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Selection of salt-tolerant strains: Sterilized healthy, disease-free morel fruiting body cap slices were inoculated in salt-containing PDA medium to obtain morel strains;

[0008] (2) Preparation of dominant domesticated strains: Select some mycelia from step (1) and transfer them to a new salt-containing PDA medium. Repeat 3-4 times to obtain dominant domesticated strains.

[0009] (3) Preparation of soil conditioner: Porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite was prepared, and after surface modification, it was reacted with tannic acid modified straw, and then mixed evenly with humic acid and fly ash to obtain soil conditioner.

[0010] (4) Preparation before sowing: Turn the soil to 20-30cm, add the soil conditioner and organic fertilizer prepared in step (3), mix the soil, disinfect with potassium permanganate solution, and build a greenhouse.

[0011] (5) Sowing management: After sowing, build a small arched shed inside the greenhouse, maintain the temperature at 10-20℃ and the humidity at 70-80%, and mix the inoculum evenly in the soil at a depth of 5-8cm, with an inoculum dosage of 50-60g / m³. 2 ;

[0012] (6) Mushroom management: Spray water with water mist 2-3 times a day, with a water volume of 30-50 L / m² each time. 2 The light intensity is controlled at 200-500 Lux, using a mixture of blue and red light, and the daily light exposure time is 5-7 hours.

[0013] (7) Harvesting: Morel fruiting bodies are harvested 7-10 days after emerging from the soil.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation method of the soil conditioner is as follows:

[0015] S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: Tetraethyl orthosilicate is dissolved in ethanol to obtain solution A. Ethanol, acetic acid, pore-forming agent and water are mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B is added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent is added to the bentonite suspension, heated and stirred to react, aged, filtered, washed, dried and calcined to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0016] S2. Preparation of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: The porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 is added to ethanol, a silane coupling agent is added, the mixture is heated and stirred to react, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0017] S3. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: The straw is crushed, added to water, tannic acid and catalyst are added, heated and stirred to react, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw;

[0018] S4. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: The modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S2 and the tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S3 were added to toluene, p-toluenesulfonic acid was added, the mixture was heated under reflux, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite.

[0019] S5. Preparation of soil conditioner: Mix the straw bentonite complex obtained in step S4, humic acid and fly ash evenly to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, acetic acid, pore-forming agent and bentonite in step S1 is 5-7:1-2:0.2-0.4:12-15, the heating and stirring reaction temperature is 60-70℃ and the time is 4-6h, and the calcination temperature is 400-500℃ and the time is 1-2h.

[0021] Preferably, the pore-forming agent is PEO20-PPO70-PEO20 or PEO106-PPO70-PEO106.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite to silane coupling agent in step S2 is 15:3-4, the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH550, KH602, and KH792, and the heating and stirring reaction temperature is 45-55℃ and the time is 1-3h.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the straw in step S3 is corn straw, rice straw or wheat straw, the mass ratio of straw, tannic acid and catalyst is 20-30:7-10:1-2, the heating and stirring reaction temperature is 35-45℃, the time is 1-3h, and the catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=8.5-9.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite, tannic acid modified straw and p-toluenesulfonic acid in step S4 is 10-12:4-6:0.5-1, and the heating and reflux reaction time is 4-7 hours.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the straw bentonite compound, humic acid and fly ash in step S5 is 100:12-15:30-50.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the salt content of the salt-containing PDA culture medium is 0.5-2%, and the salt is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, the amount of soil conditioner added is 2-3 kg / m³. 2The amount of organic fertilizer added is 3-5 kg / m³. 2 The amount of potassium permanganate solution used is 0.3-0.7 L / m³. 2 The concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 40-50 wt%.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, the wavelength range of the blue light is 420-480nm, and the wavelength range of the red light is 620-670nm.

[0029] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention prepares a soil conditioner by intercalating bentonite through a tetraethyl orthosilicate sol-gel reaction, increasing the spacing between the microstructure layers of bentonite. Under the action of a pore-forming agent, the silica intercalation structure forms a porous structure, which greatly improves the water conductivity of the conditioner, thereby improving the soil water conductivity of saline-alkali land and increasing the efficiency of soil salt leaching.

[0031] The present invention further modifies the prepared porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite with an amino-containing silane coupling agent, so that its surface is rich in amino groups, which can react with straw modified with tannic acid under the action of the catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid to form a straw bentonite complex. This increases the nutrient content of the soil, increases the organic matter content and available nutrient content of saline-alkali soil. The organic matter can provide a carrier for the formation of soil aggregates. At the same time, tannic acid also reduces the pH value of saline-alkali soil to a certain extent.

[0032] The soil conditioner prepared by mixing the straw bentonite complex with humic acid and fly ash has a special particle composition that can improve soil particle composition, increase the proportion of soil sand in saline-alkali land, promote the formation of large soil aggregates, increase soil porosity, improve water conductivity, increase microbial richness, regulate soil pH, and promote soil structure improvement.

[0033] This invention uses a high-salt PDA medium to acclimate and cultivate morel mushrooms, resulting in a strong morel strain with good salt tolerance. This improves the adaptability of morels to saline-alkali land. Under reasonable cultivation management conditions, and with suitable temperature, humidity, and light (this invention uses dual-wavelength light; blue light helps promote branching of the fungus and expansion of the cap, while red light promotes its growth and cap development), the rapid growth of morels can be significantly promoted. The resulting morels are healthy, abundant, and have high nutritional value. Furthermore, this invention enables the resource utilization of saline-alkali land, improves land utilization, and has significant environmental value. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The bentonite, specifically sodium-based bentonite, was purchased from Dongguan Ruiheng Mineral Products Co., Ltd.

[0036] Seven Sister Morel Mushrooms, purchased from Yongren Yesenda Fungus Industry Co., Ltd.

[0037] Humic acid, fulvic acid ≥15%, Ca+Mg+S ≥10%, purchased from Shandong Quanlin Jiayou Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd.

[0038] Organic fertilizer, with organic matter ≥45% and total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥5%, purchased from Gansu Mingde Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0039] Fly ash, SiO2 (1.85%), Al2O3 (1.01%), Fe2O3 (1.24%), CaO (1.79%), MgO (1.27%), SO3 (1.72%), Na2O (1.22%), K2O (1.65%), loss on ignition (1.97%), purchased from Jiuquan Kangduo Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0040] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Soil Conditioner

[0041] The method is as follows:

[0042] S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 5 parts by weight of tetraethyl orthosilicate were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain solution A. 10 parts by weight of ethanol, 1 part by weight of acetic acid, 0.2 parts by weight of pore-forming agent PEO20-PPO70-PEO20 and 15 parts by weight of water were mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent was added to 150 parts by weight of a suspension containing 12 parts by weight of bentonite. The mixture was heated to 60°C, stirred for 4 hours, aged for 1 hour, filtered, washed, dried, and calcined at 400°C for 1 hour to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0043] S2. Preparation of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 15 parts by weight of the porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 were added to 100 parts by weight of ethanol, 3 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH550 were added, the mixture was heated to 45°C, stirred and reacted for 1 hour, filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0044] S3. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: 20 parts by weight of straw were crushed, added to 100 parts by weight of water, 7 parts by weight of tannic acid and 1 part by weight of catalyst were added, heated to 35°C, stirred and reacted for 1 hour, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw.

[0045] The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=8.5;

[0046] S4. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: 10 parts by weight of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S2 and 4 parts by weight of tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S3 were added to 100 parts by weight of toluene, and 0.5 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 4 hours, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite.

[0047] S5. Preparation of soil conditioner: 100 parts by weight of the straw bentonite complex obtained in step S4, 12 parts by weight of humic acid and 30 parts by weight of fly ash are stirred and mixed for 15 minutes to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0048] Preparation Example 2: Preparation of Soil Conditioner

[0049] The method is as follows:

[0050] S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 7 parts by weight of tetraethyl orthosilicate were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain solution A. 10 parts by weight of ethanol, 2 parts by weight of acetic acid, 0.4 parts by weight of pore-forming agent PEO106-PPO70-PEO106 and 15 parts by weight of water were mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent was added to 150 parts by weight of a suspension containing 15 parts by weight of bentonite. The mixture was heated to 70°C, stirred for 6 hours, aged for 1 hour, filtered, washed, dried, and calcined at 500°C for 2 hours to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0051] S2. Preparation of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 15 parts by weight of the porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 were added to 100 parts by weight of ethanol, 4 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH602 were added, heated to 55°C, stirred and reacted for 3 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0052] S3. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: 30 parts by weight of straw were crushed, added to 100 parts by weight of water, 10 parts by weight of tannic acid and 2 parts by weight of catalyst, heated to 45°C, stirred and reacted for 3 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw.

[0053] The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=9;

[0054] S4. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: 12 parts by weight of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S2 and 6 parts by weight of tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S3 were added to 100 parts by weight of toluene and 1 part by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 7 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite.

[0055] S5. Preparation of soil conditioner: 100 parts by weight of the straw bentonite complex obtained in step S4, 15 parts by weight of humic acid and 50 parts by weight of fly ash are stirred and mixed for 15 minutes to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0056] Preparation Example 3: Preparation of Soil Conditioner

[0057] The method is as follows:

[0058] S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 6 parts by weight of tetraethyl orthosilicate were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain solution A. 10 parts by weight of ethanol, 1.5 parts by weight of acetic acid, 0.3 parts by weight of pore-forming agent PEO106-PPO70-PEO106 and 15 parts by weight of water were mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent was added to 150 parts by weight of a suspension containing 13.5 parts by weight of bentonite. The mixture was heated to 65°C, stirred for 5 hours, aged for 1 hour, filtered, washed, dried, and calcined at 450°C for 1.5 hours to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0059] S2. Preparation of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 15 parts by weight of the porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 were added to 100 parts by weight of ethanol, and 3.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH792 were added. The mixture was heated to 50°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0060] S3. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: 25 parts by weight of straw were crushed, added to 100 parts by weight of water, 8.5 parts by weight of tannic acid and 1.5 parts by weight of catalyst were added, heated to 40°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw.

[0061] The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=8.8;

[0062] S4. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: 11 parts by weight of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S2 and 5 parts by weight of tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S3 were added to 100 parts by weight of toluene, and 0.7 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 5.5 h, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite.

[0063] S5. Preparation of soil conditioner: 100 parts by weight of the straw bentonite complex obtained in step S4, 13.5 parts by weight of humic acid and 40 parts by weight of fly ash are stirred and mixed for 15 minutes to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0064] Comparative Preparation Example 1

[0065] The difference from Preparation Example 3 is that no porogen was added in step S1.

[0066] Specifically as follows:

[0067] S1. Preparation of SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 6 parts by weight of tetraethyl orthosilicate were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain solution A. 10 parts by weight of ethanol, 1.5 parts by weight of acetic acid, and 15 parts by weight of water were mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent was added to 150 parts by weight of a suspension containing 13.5 parts by weight of bentonite. The mixture was heated to 65°C, stirred for 5 hours, aged for 1 hour, filtered, washed, dried, and calcined at 450°C for 1.5 hours to obtain SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0068] Comparative Preparation Example 2

[0069] The difference from preparation example 3 is that step S1 was not performed.

[0070] Specifically as follows:

[0071] S1. Preparation of modified bentonite: 15 parts by weight of bentonite were added to 100 parts by weight of ethanol, 3.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH792 were added, heated to 50°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified bentonite.

[0072] S2. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: 25 parts by weight of straw were crushed, added to 100 parts by weight of water, 8.5 parts by weight of tannic acid and 1.5 parts by weight of catalyst were added, heated to 40°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw.

[0073] The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=8.8;

[0074] S3. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: 11 parts by weight of the modified bentonite obtained in step S1 and 5 parts by weight of the tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S2 were added to 100 parts by weight of toluene, and 0.7 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 5.5 h, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite.

[0075] S4. Preparation of soil conditioner: 100 parts by weight of the straw bentonite complex obtained in step S3, 13.5 parts by weight of humic acid and 40 parts by weight of fly ash are stirred and mixed for 15 minutes to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0076] Comparative preparation example 3

[0077] The difference from preparation example 3 is that step S2 was not performed.

[0078] Specifically as follows:

[0079] S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 6 parts by weight of tetraethyl orthosilicate were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain solution A. 10 parts by weight of ethanol, 1.5 parts by weight of acetic acid, 0.3 parts by weight of pore-forming agent PEO106-PPO70-PEO106 and 15 parts by weight of water were mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent was added to 150 parts by weight of a suspension containing 13.5 parts by weight of bentonite. The mixture was heated to 65°C, stirred for 5 hours, aged for 1 hour, filtered, washed, dried, and calcined at 450°C for 1.5 hours to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0080] S2. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: 25 parts by weight of straw were crushed, added to 100 parts by weight of water, 8.5 parts by weight of tannic acid and 1.5 parts by weight of catalyst were added, heated to 40°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw.

[0081] The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=8.8;

[0082] S3. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: 11 parts by weight of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 and 5 parts by weight of tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S2 were added to 100 parts by weight of toluene, and 0.7 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 5.5 h, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite.

[0083] S4. Preparation of soil conditioner: 100 parts by weight of the straw bentonite complex obtained in step S3, 13.5 parts by weight of humic acid and 40 parts by weight of fly ash are stirred and mixed for 15 minutes to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0084] Comparative preparation example 4

[0085] The difference compared to preparation example 3 is that step S4 was not performed.

[0086] Specifically as follows:

[0087] S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 6 parts by weight of tetraethyl orthosilicate were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain solution A. 10 parts by weight of ethanol, 1.5 parts by weight of acetic acid, 0.3 parts by weight of pore-forming agent PEO106-PPO70-PEO106 and 15 parts by weight of water were mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent was added to 150 parts by weight of a suspension containing 13.5 parts by weight of bentonite. The mixture was heated to 65°C, stirred for 5 hours, aged for 1 hour, filtered, washed, dried, and calcined at 450°C for 1.5 hours to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0088] S2. Preparation of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 15 parts by weight of the porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 were added to 100 parts by weight of ethanol, and 3.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH792 were added. The mixture was heated to 50°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0089] S3. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: 25 parts by weight of straw were crushed, added to 100 parts by weight of water, 8.5 parts by weight of tannic acid and 1.5 parts by weight of catalyst were added, heated to 40°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw.

[0090] The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=8.8;

[0091] S4. Preparation of straw and bentonite mixture: 11 parts by weight of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S2 and 5 parts by weight of tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S3 were mixed for 15 min to obtain straw and bentonite mixture.

[0092] S5. Preparation of soil conditioner: 100 parts by weight of the straw and bentonite mixture obtained in step S4, 13.5 parts by weight of humic acid and 40 parts by weight of fly ash are stirred and mixed for 15 minutes to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0093] Comparative preparation example 5

[0094] The difference from preparation example 3 is that step S5 was not performed.

[0095] Specifically as follows:

[0096] S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 6 parts by weight of tetraethyl orthosilicate were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain solution A. 10 parts by weight of ethanol, 1.5 parts by weight of acetic acid, 0.3 parts by weight of pore-forming agent PEO106-PPO70-PEO106 and 15 parts by weight of water were mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent was added to 150 parts by weight of a suspension containing 13.5 parts by weight of bentonite. The mixture was heated to 65°C, stirred for 5 hours, aged for 1 hour, filtered, washed, dried, and calcined at 450°C for 1.5 hours to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0097] S2. Preparation of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: 15 parts by weight of the porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 were added to 100 parts by weight of ethanol, and 3.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH792 were added. The mixture was heated to 50°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite.

[0098] S3. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: 25 parts by weight of straw were crushed, added to 100 parts by weight of water, 8.5 parts by weight of tannic acid and 1.5 parts by weight of catalyst were added, heated to 40°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw.

[0099] The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with pH=8.8;

[0100] S4. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: 11 parts by weight of the modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S2 and 5 parts by weight of the tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S3 were added to 100 parts by weight of toluene, and 0.7 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 5.5 h, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite, which is the soil conditioner.

[0101] Test Example 1

[0102] The saline-alkali soil from the Rocket Saltworks in Daixi Town, Daishan County, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, was mixed with the soil conditioner prepared in Preparation Examples 1-3 and Comparative Preparation Examples 1-5 at an addition rate of 10 g / kg, and various indicators were measured.

[0103] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1

[0105]

[0106] As can be seen from the table above, the soil conditioners prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention can significantly improve the soil quality of saline-alkali land.

[0107] Example 1

[0108] This embodiment provides a method for the selection and cultivation of morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land, including the following steps:

[0109] (1) Selection of salt-tolerant strains: Sterilized healthy and disease-free morel fruiting body cap slices were inoculated in PDA medium containing 0.8% sodium chloride or potassium chloride and cultured at 25°C and 50% humidity to obtain morel strains.

[0110] (2) Preparation of dominant domesticated strains: Select some mycelia from step (1) and transfer them to a new PDA medium containing 0.8% sodium chloride for culture, and then transfer them again. Repeat this process 4 times to obtain dominant domesticated strains.

[0111] (3) Preparation before sowing: Turn the saline-alkali soil to a depth of 20-30 cm, and add the soil conditioner and organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1. The amount of soil conditioner added is 2.5 kg / m³. 2 The amount of organic fertilizer added is 4 kg / m³. 2 The soil was mixed with water and disinfected with a 45wt% potassium permanganate solution, wherein the amount of potassium permanganate solution used was 0.5 L / m³. 2 Building greenhouses;

[0112] (4) Sowing management: After sowing, build a small arched shed inside the greenhouse, maintain the temperature at 15±5℃ and the humidity at 75±5%, and mix the inoculum evenly in the soil at a depth of 5-8cm. The inoculum dosage is 55g / m³. 2 ;

[0113] (5) Mushroom management: Spray water with water mist 3 times a day, with a water volume of 50L / m³ each time. 2 The light intensity is controlled at 350±50 Lux, and a mixture of blue and red light is used. The wavelength range of the blue light is 420-480nm, and the wavelength range of the red light is 620-670nm. The daily light exposure time is 6 hours.

[0114] (6) Harvesting: Morel fruiting bodies are harvested 7-10 days after emerging from the soil.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil conditioner was prepared in Preparation Example 2.

[0117] Example 3

[0118] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil conditioner was prepared by Preparation Example 3.

[0119] Comparative Example 1

[0120] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil conditioner was prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 1.

[0121] Comparative Example 2

[0122] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil conditioner was prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 2.

[0123] Comparative Example 3

[0124] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil conditioner was prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 3.

[0125] Comparative Example 4

[0126] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil conditioner was prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 4.

[0127] Comparative Example 5

[0128] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil conditioner was prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 5.

[0129] Test Example 2

[0130] The methods in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 of the present invention are compared.

[0131] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0132] Table 2

[0133]

[0134] As can be seen from the table above, the morel mushrooms selected and cultivated in Examples 1-3 of this invention have a short fruiting time, good fruiting body morphology, and high yield.

[0135] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Selection of salt-tolerant strains: Sterilized healthy, disease-free morel fruiting body cap slices were inoculated in salt-containing PDA medium to obtain morel strains; (2) Preparation of dominant domesticated strains: Select some mycelia from step (1) and transfer them to a new salt-containing PDA medium. Repeat 3-4 times to obtain dominant domesticated strains. (3) Preparation of soil conditioner: Porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite was prepared by sol-gel reaction. After surface modification, it was reacted with tannic acid modified straw. The product was mixed evenly with humic acid and fly ash to obtain soil conditioner. (4) Preparation before sowing: Turn the soil to 20-30cm, add the soil conditioner and organic fertilizer prepared in step (3), mix the soil, disinfect with potassium permanganate solution, and build a greenhouse. (5) Sowing management: After sowing, build a small arched shed inside the greenhouse, maintain the temperature at 10-20℃ and the humidity at 70-80%, and mix the inoculum evenly in the soil at a depth of 5-8cm, with an inoculum dosage of 50-60g / m³. 2 ; (6) Mushroom management: Spray water with water mist 2-3 times a day, with a water volume of 30-50 L / m² each time. 2 The light intensity is controlled at 200-500 Lux, using a mixture of blue and red light, and the daily light exposure time is 5-7 hours. (7) Harvesting: Morel fruiting bodies are harvested 7-10 days after emerging from the soil; The soil conditioner is prepared as follows: S1. Preparation of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: Tetraethyl orthosilicate is dissolved in ethanol to obtain solution A. Ethanol, acetic acid, pore-forming agent and water are mixed evenly to obtain solution B. Solution B is added dropwise to solution A to form a columnarizing agent. The columnarizing agent is added to the bentonite suspension, heated and stirred to react, aged, filtered, washed, dried and calcined to obtain porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite. S2. Preparation of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite: The porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S1 is added to ethanol, a silane coupling agent is added, the mixture is heated and stirred to react, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite. S3. Preparation of tannic acid modified straw: The straw is crushed, added to water, tannic acid and catalyst are added, heated and stirred to react, filtered, washed and dried to obtain tannic acid modified straw; S4. Preparation of straw-bentonite composite: The modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite obtained in step S2 and the tannic acid modified straw obtained in step S3 were added to toluene, p-toluenesulfonic acid was added, the mixture was heated under reflux, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the straw-bentonite composite. S5. Preparation of soil conditioner: Mix the straw bentonite complex obtained in step S4, humic acid and fly ash evenly to obtain a soil conditioner.

2. The method for breeding and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, acetic acid, pore-forming agent, and bentonite is 5-7:1-2:0.2-0.4:12-15. The heating and stirring reaction temperature is 60-70℃ and the time is 4-6 hours. The calcination temperature is 400-500℃ and the time is 1-2 hours.

3. The method for selecting and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the mass ratio of porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite to silane coupling agent is 15:3-4. The silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH550, KH602, and KH792. The heating and stirring reaction temperature is 45-55℃, and the time is 1-3h.

4. The method for breeding and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw mentioned in step S3 is corn straw, rice straw, or wheat straw. The mass ratio of straw, tannic acid, and catalyst is 20-30:7-10:1-2. The heating and stirring reaction is carried out at a temperature of 35-45℃ for 1-3 hours. The catalyst is a Tris-HCl solution with a pH of 8.5-9.

5. The method for breeding and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the mass ratio of modified porous SiO2 intercalated bentonite, tannic acid modified straw, and p-toluenesulfonic acid is 10-12:4-6:0.5-1, and the heating and reflux reaction time is 4-7 hours.

6. The method for breeding and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the straw-bentonite composite, humic acid, and fly ash in step S5 is 100:12-15:30-50.

7. The method for breeding and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The salt content of the salt-containing PDA medium is 0.5-2%, and the salt is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

8. The method for breeding and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil conditioner is added at a rate of 2-3 kg / m³. 2 The amount of organic fertilizer added is 3-5 kg / m³. 2 The amount of potassium permanganate solution used is 0.3-0.7 L / m³. 2 The concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 40-50 wt%.

9. The method for breeding and cultivating morel mushroom strains in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wavelength range of the blue light is 420-480nm, and the wavelength range of the red light is 620-670nm.

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