A large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude

Abstract

The present invention discloses a large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude, which includes an ultrasonic transducer, a compound horn, and a large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head connected in sequence; the ultrasonic transducer includes a piezoelectric ceramic stack and metal front and rear covers at both ends; the compound horn is formed by connecting a metal conical section and a metal cylindrical section; the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head is a metal cuboid, with m and n penetrating periodic air grooves respectively opened in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and a rows × b columns of air cylindrical holes opened in the Z-axis direction. The ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention optimizes the structure by opening penetrating periodic air grooves and air cylindrical holes in different directions in the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head, forming an air-metal three-dimensional near-periodic phononic crystal structure, and simultaneously improving the amplitude distribution uniformity and displacement amplitude of the radiation surface of the tool head, thereby improving the working efficiency of the ultrasonic vibration system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic vibration, and in particular relates to a large-size rectangular three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude. Background Art

[0002] The ultrasonic plastic welding system is mainly composed of a transmission system, a control system, an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic vibration system, and a mechanical device. Among them, the ultrasonic vibration system is a core component in ultrasonic plastic welding equipment, which mainly includes a transducer, an amplitude transformer, and a tool head. The tool head needs to be specially designed according to the welding object. Common shapes include rectangular, square, cylindrical, etc. Large-sized rectangular tool heads are usually used to weld larger flat weldments, but large-sized rectangular tool heads are susceptible to lateral vibration, especially tool heads with a lateral size greater than a quarter wavelength. Its lateral vibration and longitudinal vibration are easily coupled, resulting in uneven amplitude distribution on the welding surface of the tool head, affecting the welding quality. Secondly, due to coupled vibration, the amplitude output by the large-sized tool head on the welding surface is generally small, and increasing the amplitude within a suitable range can shorten the welding time. Therefore, how to effectively improve the performance of the vibration system and improve the uniformity of the amplitude distribution and amplitude gain of the welding surface has become a difficult problem to be solved in the field of ultrasonic power.

[0003] Abroad, Japanese scholar Eiji Mori proposed the apparent elasticity theory from the perspective of engineering applications (E. Mori, K. Itoh, A. Imamura. Analysis of a short column vibrator by apparent elasticity method and its application. Ultr. Inter. 1977 Conf. Proc. 1997, 262 - 266.).In China, Lin Shuyu, Zhang Fucheng et al. applied the apparent elastic two-dimensional coupling theory to rectangular tool heads and studied the generation and suppression methods of coupled vibration (Lin Shuyu, Zhang Fucheng, A Study of Coupled and Lateral Vibration in High Power Ultrasonic Vibrating systems, ACUSTICA, 79(3), 274-277, 1993.); Zhou Guangping et al. studied the tool head according to the actual use needs of the welding die by applying the apparent elastic theory, etc. (Zhou Guangping, Liang Mingjun, Wang Jiaxuan. Research on Large-Size Ultrasonic Vibrators [J]. Technical Acoustics, 2004(03): 183-195.) (Liang Zhaofeng, Zhou Guangping, Mo Xiping. A Design Method for a New Large-Size Long-Strip Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Grooved Welding Head [J], Mechanical Science and Technology, 2008(03): 334-337.); Liang Zhaofeng et al. applied the structure optimization function of finite element analysis software to optimize the structure design of the rectangular tool head, but lacked specific theoretical support (Liang Zhaofeng, Zhou Guangping, Mo Xiping, Li Zhengzhong. Design of a Large-Size Cubic Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Welding Head with a Grooved Structure [J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 2009, 16(03): 200-204.) (Liang Zhaofeng, Zhou Guangping, Mo Xiping. Concise Design of Long-Strip Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Welding Heads [J]. Technical Acoustics, 2008(01): 134-137.) (Liang Zhaofeng, Zhou Guangping, Zhang Yihui, Optimization Design of Large-Size Long-Strip Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Welding Heads [J], Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2009(02): 235-236.); Lin Shuyu et al. applied the phononic crystal theory to the research of circular and rectangular tool heads. Among them, Wang Sha applied the phononic crystal theory to cylindrical tool heads, and Zhao Tiantian applied the phononic crystal theory to rectangular tool heads (Zhao Tiantian, Lin Shuyu, Duan Yilin. Suppression of Lateral Vibration of Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Tools by Phononic Crystal-Like Structures [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(22): 280-285.) (Wang Sha, Lin Shuyu. Optimization Design of Large-Size Sandwich Transducers Based on Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(2): 024303-1-024303-6.) (Sha Wang, Shuyu Lin. Optimization on ultrasonic plastic welding systems based on two-dimensional phononic crystal [J]. Ultrasonics, 2019, 99: 1-6.).

[0004] Summarizing the current research results, it can be found that, up to now, there has been little research on large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic systems where both of the two lateral dimensions are comparable to their longitudinal dimension. Although these current research results can improve the performance of the transducer to a certain extent, there are disadvantages such as the lack of specific theoretical support, complex structure, small lateral dimension, unsatisfactory suppression effect on lateral vibration, and too small displacement amplitude. Therefore, in order to improve the uniformity of the displacement distribution on the welding surface, shorten the welding time, improve the welding production efficiency, increase the system stability, and better promote the application of large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration systems in the actual engineering field, it is urgent to research new and more effective methods to improve the performance of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is aimed at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provides a large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude. This ultrasonic vibration system optimizes the structure by opening penetrating periodic air grooves and air cylindrical holes in different directions in the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head, forming an air-metal three-dimensional near-periodic phononic crystal structure. At the same time, it improves the uniformity of the amplitude distribution on the radiation surface of the tool head and the displacement amplitude, improves the working efficiency of the ultrasonic vibration system, and solves the disadvantages of the existing system such as complex structure, uneven amplitude distribution on the radiation surface, and too small displacement amplitude.

[0006] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude, characterized in that it includes an ultrasonic transducer, a composite horn, and a large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head connected in sequence;

[0007] The ultrasonic transducer includes a piezoelectric ceramic stack, a metal front cover plate disposed at the front end of the piezoelectric ceramic stack, and a metal rear cover plate disposed at the rear end;

[0008] The composite horn is connected by a metal conical section and a metal cylindrical section, and the metal cylindrical section is connected to the metal front cover plate, and the metal conical section is connected to the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head;

[0009] The large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head is a metal cuboid, and according to the three-dimensional coordinate system, m penetrating periodic air grooves are opened in the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head along the X-axis direction, n penetrating periodic air grooves are opened along the Y-axis direction, and a rows × b columns of air cylindrical holes are opened along the Z-axis direction.

[0010] The above-mentioned large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude is characterized in that both the metal front cover plate and the metal rear cover plate are cylinders, and both ends of the piezoelectric ceramic stack are connected to the front end face of the metal front cover plate and the rear end face of the metal rear cover plate respectively.

[0011] The above-mentioned large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude is characterized in that the radius of the metal rear cover plate is r1, the height is h1, and 1 mm ≤ r1 ≤ 50 mm, 10 mm ≤ h1 ≤ 60 mm. The metal rear cover plate is made of aluminum.

[0012] The above-mentioned large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude is characterized in that the radius of the metal front cover plate is r2, the height is h2, and 1 mm ≤ r2 ≤ 50 mm, 10 mm ≤ h2 ≤ 60 mm. The metal front cover plate is made of aluminum.

[0013] The above-mentioned large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude is characterized in that the piezoelectric ceramic stack is formed by coaxially stacking two piezoelectric ceramic stack parts. The radius of the piezoelectric ceramic stack is r3, the height is h3, and 1 mm ≤ r3 ≤ 15 mm, 1 mm ≤ h3 ≤ 50 mm. The piezoelectric ceramic stack is made of PZT-4 material.

[0014] The above-mentioned large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude is characterized in that the bottom radius of the metal conical section is r4, the top radius at the connection with the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head is r5, and the height is h4, and r4 = 25 mm, r5 = 20 mm, h4 = 45 mm; the radius of the metal cylindrical section is r6, the height is h5, and r6 = 25 mm, h5 = 77 mm.

[0015] The above-mentioned large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude is characterized in that the number of penetrating periodic air grooves opened in the X-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ m ≤ 6, the number of penetrating periodic air grooves opened in the Y-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ n ≤ 4. The penetrating periodic air grooves are cuboid structures, the height is h6, the width is w, and 10 mm ≤ h6 ≤ 80 mm, 1 mm ≤ w ≤ 10 mm; the number of rows of air cylindrical holes opened in the Z-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ a ≤ 6, the number of columns satisfies 1 ≤ b ≤ 6, and the radius of the air cylindrical holes is r7, and 1 mm ≤ r7 ≤ 10 mm.

[0016] The above-mentioned large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude is characterized in that the number of penetrating periodic air grooves m opened in the X-axis direction is 3, the number of penetrating periodic air grooves n opened in the Y-axis direction is 2, and the height h6 = 67 mm, the width w = 7 mm; the number of rows of air cylindrical holes a opened in the Z-axis direction is 4, the number of columns b is 3, and the radius of the air cylindrical holes r7 = 4 mm.

[0017] The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0018] 1. In the present invention, by respectively opening through periodic air grooves along the X-axis and Y-axis directions in the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head of the ultrasonic vibration system, a lateral band gap is formed to suppress the lateral vibrations in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, making the vibration mode more single, and effectively improving the amplitude distribution uniformity of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system.

[0019] 2. In the present invention, by opening a rows × b columns of air cylindrical holes along the Z-axis direction in the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head of the ultrasonic vibration system, a line defect is constructed to obtain extremely low energy loss, and the longitudinal displacement amplitude of the radiation surface of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system is greatly improved.

[0020] 3. In the present invention, by opening through periodic air grooves and air cylindrical holes along different directions in the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head, an air-metal three-dimensional near-periodic phonon crystal structure is formed, which improves both the amplitude distribution uniformity of the radiation surface of the tool head and the displacement amplitude, and improves the working efficiency of the ultrasonic vibration system.

[0021] 4. In the present invention, a composite horn is composed of a metal conical section and a metal cylindrical section. By using the advantages of the simple manufacturing of the conical horn, the minimum maximum stress at the interface mutation, and the relatively large amplitude amplification coefficient and simple manufacturing of the stepped horn, the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system has a relatively large amplitude amplification coefficient, and the displacement amplitude of the radiation surface of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head is improved.

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a front view of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a band gap diagram in the X-axis direction of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention at a working frequency of 20 kHz.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a band gap diagram in the Y-axis direction of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention at a working frequency of 20 kHz.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a comparison diagram of the longitudinal displacement distributions of the radiation surfaces of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention and the unoptimized large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system.

[0028] Figure 6This is the vibration mode diagram of the large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is the vibration mode diagram of the unoptimized large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system.

[0030] Figure 8 This is the comparison diagram of the radiation surface displacement between the large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention and the unoptimized large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals

[0032] 1—Ultrasonic transducer; 2—Compound horn; 3—Large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head;

[0033] 4—Metal front cover plate; 5—Piezoelectric ceramic stack; 6—Metal rear cover plate;

[0034] 7—Metal conical section; 8—Metal cylindrical section; 9—Penetrating periodic air groove;

[0035] 10—Air cylindrical hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude in this embodiment includes an ultrasonic transducer 1, a compound horn 2 and a large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head 3 connected in sequence;

[0038] The ultrasonic transducer 1 includes a piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 and a metal front cover plate 4 and a metal rear cover plate 6 respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5;

[0039] The compound horn 2 is formed by connecting a metal conical section 7 and a metal cylindrical section 8, and the metal cylindrical section 8 is connected to the metal front cover plate 4, and the metal conical section 7 is connected to the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head 3;

[0040] The large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head 3 is a metal cuboid, and according to the three-dimensional coordinate system, m penetrating periodic air grooves 9 are arranged in the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head 3 along the X-axis direction, n penetrating periodic air grooves 9 are arranged along the Y-axis direction, and a rows × b columns of air cylindrical holes 10 are arranged along the Z-axis direction.

[0041] When the transverse dimensions of the transducer, horn and tool head in the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration system are close to or greater than one-fourth of the longitudinal wave wavelength, it is called a large-size ultrasonic vibration system.

[0042] Generally, the ultrasonic transducer 1, the compound horn 2 and the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head 3 are connected by bolts; the metal front cover plate 4, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 and the metal rear cover plate 6 are connected by bolts; the metal conical section 7 and the metal cylindrical section 8 are connected by bolts. This bolt connection method is simple and effective, easy to implement, conducive to the assembly and disassembly of the structures of various components in the ultrasonic vibration system, and at the same time conducive to the maintenance and replacement of the structures of various components.

[0043] Affected by the Poisson effect, the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head in the ultrasonic vibration system will generate severe lateral vibrations along the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and is prone to coupling with the longitudinal vibration, resulting in uneven longitudinal vibration displacement, i.e., amplitude, on the welding surface, which affects the welding quality. To address this problem, in the ultrasonic vibration system of this embodiment, an ultrasonic transducer 1, a compound horn 2, and a large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head 3 are sequentially connected to form the main structure of the entire system. Among them, a piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 is provided in the ultrasonic transducer 1 to convert the electrical energy of the ultrasonic generator into mechanical energy, i.e., the vibration energy of ultrasonic waves. A metal front cover plate 4 and a metal rear cover plate 6 are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 to protect the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 from external interference during operation. At the same time, the compound horn 2 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 1 to amplify the particle displacement or velocity of the ultrasonic mechanical vibration converted in the ultrasonic transducer 1. The compound horn 2 is composed of a metal conical section 7 and a metal cylindrical section 8 connected together. The metal cylindrical section 8 is connected to the metal front cover plate 4 in the ultrasonic transducer 1, and the metal conical section 7 is connected to the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head 3. Thus, the amplified ultrasonic mechanical vibration is concentrated at the vertex of the metal conical section 7 along the metal cylindrical section 8 and then transmitted into the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head 3, playing a role in energy concentration and improving the conversion efficiency of mechanical vibration. In the ultrasonic braking system of this embodiment, the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head 3 is used to transmit the vibration energy of the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the compound horn 2 to the object of action. By setting the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head 3 as a metal cuboid, and according to the three-dimensional coordinate system, m penetrating periodic air grooves 9 are provided along the X-axis direction in the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head 3, n penetrating periodic air grooves 9 are provided along the Y-axis direction, and a rows × b columns of air cylindrical holes 10 are provided along the Z-axis direction. Usually, there are intersections and connections between the m penetrating periodic air grooves 9 and the n penetrating periodic air grooves 9, while there are no intersections and connections between the air cylindrical holes 10 and the penetrating periodic air grooves 9. When there are intersections between the air cylindrical holes 10 and the penetrating periodic air grooves 9, it has a slight impact on the amplitude and uniformity of the ultrasonic vibration. That is, it is equivalent to correspondingly providing penetrating periodic air grooves 9 on the front and back surfaces and the left and right surfaces of the cuboid serving as the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional tool head 3, and correspondingly providing air cylindrical holes 10 on the upper and lower surfaces of the cuboid to form an air-metal three-dimensional near-periodic phononic crystal structure. The penetrating periodic air grooves 9 in this structure form a lateral band gap to achieve the suppression of lateral vibrations in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, making the vibration mode more single, effectively improving the amplitude distribution uniformity of the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system. The air cylindrical holes 10 in this structure are used to construct line defects to obtain extremely low energy loss, greatly increasing the longitudinal displacement amplitude of the radiation surface of the large-sized rectangular three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system. Thus, the amplitude distribution uniformity of the radiation surface and the displacement amplitude are simultaneously improved, the performance of the ultrasonic vibration system is improved, the action time is shortened, and the working efficiency is increased.

[0044] The large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention was tested at a working frequency of 20 kHz, and the results are as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown. It can be seen from Figure 3 and Figure 4 that there are band gaps in the X-axis and Y-axis directions near the working frequency of 20 kHz for this large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system. Therefore, the suppression of the transverse vibration in the X-axis and Y-axis directions can be achieved, making the vibration mode more single.

[0045] Compared with the present invention, through corresponding through periodic air grooves 9 are opened on the front and back surfaces and left and right surfaces of the cuboid of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head in the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system, and air cylindrical holes 10 are correspondingly opened on the upper and lower surfaces of the cuboid to form an air-metal three-dimensional near-periodic phononic crystal structure to optimize the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system. The large-sized cuboid tool head of the unoptimized large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system is a conventional cuboid structure without any improvement and optimization of its structure. Although the radiation area of this large-sized cuboid tool head is large, at the same time, due to its too large size, the coupled vibration is too strong, resulting in the tool head being unable to function and seriously affecting the welding effect.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of the longitudinal displacement distribution of the radiation surface of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention and the unoptimized large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the longitudinal displacement change range of the radiation surface of the optimized large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention is 0.01933 mm to 0.02087 mm, and the average longitudinal displacement is 0.02032 mm. While the longitudinal displacement change range of the radiation surface of the unoptimized large-sized three-dimensional cuboid ultrasonic vibration system is 0.00162 mm to 0.01082 mm, and the average longitudinal displacement is 0.00497 mm. That is, the average longitudinal displacement of the radiation surface of the optimized large-sized three-dimensional cuboid ultrasonic vibration system is 4.0885 times that of the unoptimized transducer, indicating that the uniformity of the longitudinal displacement distribution of the radiation end face of the large-sized three-dimensional cuboid ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention is significantly improved, and its working performance is significantly better than that of the unoptimized large-sized three-dimensional cuboid ultrasonic vibration system.

[0047] Figure 6 This is the vibration mode diagram of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention, Figure 7 This is the vibration mode diagram of the unoptimized large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system, Figure 8 This is a comparison diagram of the radiation surface displacement of the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention and the unoptimized large-sized cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system. It can be seen from Figure 6 andFigure 7 Combined with Figure 8 It can be seen that, compared with the unoptimized large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system, the uniformity of the longitudinal displacement amplitude distribution of the radiation surface of the optimized large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention has been significantly improved. This shows that affected by the homogeneous dislocation and the linear defect structure of the air cylinder holes 10 penetrating the periodic air grooves 9 on the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head 3, the transverse vibrations in the X and Y directions of the large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system of the present invention have been effectively suppressed, and the longitudinal vibration mode is more single, ensuring the longitudinal working efficiency of the system. At the same time, the energy localization effect and extremely low energy loss brought by this structural optimization have greatly increased the longitudinal displacement amplitude of the radiation surface of the system, improving the performance of the ultrasonic treatment and processing system of this system.

[0048] Furthermore, both the metal front cover plate 4 and the metal rear cover plate 6 are cylinders, and both ends of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 are respectively connected to the front end face of the metal front cover plate 4 and the rear end face of the metal rear cover plate 6. In this embodiment, by setting both the metal front cover plate 4 and the metal rear cover plate 6 as cylinders and connecting them to both ends of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 respectively, the effective protection of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 is realized, and at the same time, the system structure is simplified.

[0049] Furthermore, the radius of the metal rear cover plate 6 is r1, the height is h1, and 1 mm ≤ r1 ≤ 50 mm, 10 mm ≤ h1 ≤ 60 mm. The metal rear cover plate 6 is made of aluminum.

[0050] Even further, the radius r1 of the metal rear cover plate 6 is 25 mm, and the height h1 is 56 mm.

[0051] Furthermore, the radius of the metal front cover plate 4 is r2, the height is h2, and 1 mm ≤ r2 ≤ 50 mm, 10 mm ≤ h2 ≤ 60 mm. The metal front cover plate 4 is made of aluminum.

[0052] Even further, the radius r2 of the metal front cover plate 4 is 25 mm, and the height h2 is 56 mm.

[0053] Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 is formed by coaxially stacking two piezoelectric ceramic stack components. The radius of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 is r3, the height is h3, and 1 mm ≤ r3 ≤ 15 mm, 1 mm ≤ h3 ≤ 50 mm. The piezoelectric ceramic stack 5 is made of PZT-4 material.

[0054] Even further, the radius r3 of the piezoelectric ceramic stack component is 6 mm, and the height is h3 / 2 = 25 mm.

[0055] Further, the bottom radius of the metal conical section 7 is r4, the top radius at the connection with the large-size cuboid three-dimensional tool head 3 is r5, and the height is h4, where r4 = 25 mm, r5 = 20 mm, and h4 = 45 mm; the radius of the metal cylindrical section 8 is r6, and the height is h5, where r6 = 25 mm and h5 = 77 mm.

[0056] In the field of underwater acoustics and ultrasonics, light metals such as aluminum alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy are usually used as the cover plate materials. In this embodiment, aluminum is used as the material for the metal rear cover 6 and the metal front cover 4, ensuring that most of the energy generated by the ultrasonic transducer 1 is efficiently radiated from its longitudinal front surface; at the same time, the metal front cover 4 made of aluminum actually acts as an impedance transformer, which can change the impedance of the load, thereby ensuring the impedance required by the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5, improving the emission efficiency of the ultrasonic transducer, and having a certain bandwidth.

[0057] At the same time, in this embodiment, by controlling the dimensions of the radius r1, height h1 of the metal rear cover 6, the radius r2, height h2 of the metal front cover 4, the radius r3, height h3 of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 5, the bottom radius r4, top radius r5, and height h4 of the metal conical section 7, and the radius r6, height h5 of the metal cylindrical section 8, problems such as poor uniformity of the longitudinal displacement amplitude distribution of the system radiation surface and small average longitudinal displacement amplitude caused by too large or too small dimensions are avoided.

[0058] Further, the number of the penetrating periodic air grooves 9 opened in the X-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ m ≤ 6, the number of the penetrating periodic air grooves 9 opened in the Y-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ n ≤ 4. The penetrating periodic air grooves 9 are of cuboid structure, with a height of h6 and a width of w, where 10 mm ≤ h6 ≤ 80 mm and 1 mm ≤ w ≤ 10 mm; the number of rows of the air cylindrical holes 10 opened in the Z-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ a ≤ 6, the number of columns satisfies 1 ≤ b ≤ 6, the radius of the air cylindrical holes is r7, and 1 mm ≤ r7 ≤ 10 mm. Usually, the penetrating periodic air grooves 9 in this embodiment are selected to be of cuboid structure, and the air cylindrical holes 10 can also be selected as square holes, rectangular holes, or elliptical holes. However, due to the different effects of different-shaped scatterers on characteristics such as band gaps and local sound fields, the optimization degrees are different. Through simulation analysis, it is found that for the length / long axis and width / short axis, when the ratio of its length to width or long axis to short axis is smaller, the optimization effect is better. Therefore, cylindrical holes are selected; at the same time, the number of rows and columns of the air cylindrical holes can be selected to be the same to ensure symmetry, and generally, an N×N structure is selected.

[0059] Further, the number m of the penetrating periodic air grooves 9 opened in the X-axis direction is 3, the number n of the penetrating periodic air grooves 9 opened in the Y-axis direction is 2, and the height h6 = 67 mm and the width w = 7 mm; the number of rows a of the air cylinder holes 10 opened in the Z-axis direction is 4, the number of columns b is 3, and the radius of the air cylinder holes 10 is r7 = 4 mm.

[0060] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not impose any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude, characterized in that, It includes a sequentially connected ultrasonic transducer (1), a compound horn (2), and a large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head (3); The ultrasonic transducer (1) includes a piezoelectric ceramic stack (5), a metal front cover plate (4) disposed at the front end of the piezoelectric ceramic stack (5), and a metal rear cover plate (6) disposed at the rear end thereof; The compound horn (2) is formed by connecting a metal conical section (7) and a metal cylindrical section (8), and the metal cylindrical section (8) is connected to the metal front cover plate (4), and the metal conical section (7) is connected to the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head (3); The large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head (3) is a metal cuboid. According to the three-dimensional coordinate system, m penetrating periodic air grooves (9) are provided in the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head (3) along the X-axis direction, n penetrating periodic air grooves (9) are provided along the Y-axis direction, and a rows × b columns of air cylindrical holes (10) are provided along the Z-axis direction; The number of the penetrating periodic air grooves (9) provided along the X-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ m ≤ 6, the number of the penetrating periodic air grooves (9) provided along the Y-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ n ≤ 4. The penetrating periodic air grooves (9) are of cuboid structure, with a height of h6 and a width of w, and 10 mm ≤ h6 ≤ 80 mm, 1 mm ≤ w ≤ 10 mm; the number of rows of the air cylindrical holes (10) provided along the Z-axis direction satisfies 1 ≤ a ≤ 6, the number of columns satisfies 1 ≤ b ≤ 6, the radius of the air cylindrical holes (10) is r7, and 1 mm ≤ r7 ≤ 10 mm.

2. A large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude according to claim 1, characterized in that Both the metal front cover plate (4) and the metal rear cover plate (6) are cylinders, and both ends of the piezoelectric ceramic stack (5) are respectively connected to the front end face of the metal front cover plate (4) and the rear end face of the metal rear cover plate (6).

3. A large-sized rectangular three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude according to claim 1, characterized in that The radius of the metal rear cover plate (6) is r1, and the height is h1, and 1 mm ≤ r1 ≤ 50 mm, 10 mm ≤ h1 ≤ 60 mm. The metal rear cover plate (6) is made of aluminum.

4. A large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the metal front cover plate (4) is r2, and the height is h2, and 1 mm ≤ r2 ≤ 50 mm, 10 mm ≤ h2 ≤ 60 mm. The metal front cover plate (4) is made of aluminum.

5. A large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric ceramic stack (5) is formed by coaxially stacking two piezoelectric ceramic stack parts. The radius of the piezoelectric ceramic stack (5) is r3, and the height is h3, and 1 mm ≤ r3 ≤ 15 mm, 1 mm ≤ h3 ≤ 50 mm. The piezoelectric ceramic stack (5) is made of PZT-4 material.

6. A large-size cuboid three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom radius of the metal conical section (7) is r4, the top radius at the connection with the large-sized cuboid three-dimensional tool head (3) is r5, and the height is h4, and r4 = 25 mm, r5 = 20 mm, h4 = 45 mm; the radius of the metal cylindrical section (8) is r6, and the height is h5, and r6 = 25 mm, h5 = 77 mm.

7. A large-size rectangular three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system with large amplitude and uniform amplitude according to claim 1, characterized in that The number m of the penetrating periodic air grooves (9) opened in the X-axis direction is 3, the number n of the penetrating periodic air grooves (9) opened in the Y-axis direction is 2, and the height h6 = 67 mm and the width w = 7 mm; the number of rows a of the air cylinder holes (10) opened in the Z-axis direction is 4, the number of columns b is 3, and the radius of the air cylinder holes (10) is r7 = 4 mm.

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