Glass antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a glass antenna and a vehicle. The glass antenna comprises a glass piece, a monopole antenna arranged on the surface of the glass piece, an antenna ground arranged on the surface of the glass piece, a feeding structure arranged on the surface of the glass piece, the feeding structure being connected with a feeding line and used for feeding a feeding signal transmitted by the feeding line into the monopole antenna so that the monopole antenna is in a second-order mode, and a first coupling branch and a second coupling branch arranged on the two sides of the monopole antenna. The application realizes the design of the glass antenna with horizontal forward large-angle coverage capacity on the inclined glass.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a glass antenna and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of new generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G and big data, the automobile industry is comprehensively promoting the networking and intelligentization of new energy vehicles, and intelligent and networked vehicles are showing strong development momentum. As one of the core radiation components for wireless communication of intelligent and networked vehicles, the performance of the vehicle-mounted antenna directly affects the communication quality of the communication system of the intelligent and networked vehicle.

[0003] The current mainstream vehicle-mounted antenna is a vehicle-mounted glass antenna, which integrates antenna functions and glass technology. However, the current vehicle-mounted glass antenna is only applicable to horizontal sunroof glass or small-size side window triangular glass, and cannot be designed on an inclined front / rear windshield glass while ensuring the horizontal forward large-angle coverage capability of the antenna. Therefore, how to design a glass antenna with horizontal forward large-angle coverage capability on an inclined glass has become a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a glass antenna and a vehicle capable of designing a glass antenna with horizontal forward large-angle coverage capability on an inclined glass.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a glass antenna, comprising: a glass piece; a monopole antenna disposed on a surface of the glass piece; an antenna ground disposed on the surface of the glass piece; a feed structure disposed on the surface of the glass piece, the feed structure being connected with a feed line and used for feeding a feed signal transmitted by the feed line into the monopole antenna to make the monopole antenna in a second-order mode; and a first coupling branch and a second coupling branch disposed on two sides of the monopole antenna.

[0006] In one of the embodiments, the glass piece comprises a first glass piece and a second glass piece, the first glass piece comprises a first surface and a second surface, the second glass piece comprises a third surface and a fourth surface, the first surface is away from the third surface, the second surface is close to the third surface, the third surface is close to the second surface, and the fourth surface is away from the second surface; any one of the monopole antenna, the antenna ground, the feed structure, the first coupling branch and the second coupling branch is disposed on any one of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface and the fourth surface.

[0007] In one of the embodiments, the monopole antenna, the antenna ground, the feed structure, the first coupling branch and the second coupling branch are coplanarly disposed.

[0008] In one of the embodiments, the glass antenna further comprises a first surface wave suppression component, a second surface wave suppression component and a grounding component; any one of the first surface wave suppression component, the second surface wave suppression component and the grounding component is disposed on any one of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface and the fourth surface; the first surface wave suppression component is disposed around the monopole antenna; if the second surface wave suppression component is not coplanar with the first surface wave suppression component, a projection of the second surface wave suppression component on the first surface at least partially overlaps a projection of the first surface wave suppression component on the first surface; if the second surface wave suppression component is coplanar with the first surface wave suppression component, the second surface wave suppression component is disposed around the first surface wave suppression component; the grounding component is disposed around the second surface wave suppression component.

[0009] In one of the embodiments, the first surface wave suppression component and the second surface wave suppression component comprise a metal mesh structure.

[0010] In one of the embodiments, the monopole antenna comprises a first end and a second end; the first end of the monopole antenna is connected to the feeding structure, and the second end of the monopole antenna is an open end.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, the first coupling branch comprises a first branch part and a second branch part connected to each other; the first branch part is disposed on a side away from the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between the first branch part and the monopole antenna is a first preset distance; the second branch part is disposed on a side close to the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between the second branch part and the monopole antenna is a second preset distance; the first preset distance is smaller than the second preset distance.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, the second coupling branch comprises a third branch part and a fourth branch part connected to each other; the third branch part is disposed on another side away from the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between the third branch part and the monopole antenna is a third preset distance; the fourth branch part is disposed on another side close to the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between the fourth branch part and the monopole antenna is a fourth preset distance; the third preset distance is smaller than the fourth preset distance.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the first coupling branch and the second coupling branch are disposed on two sides of the monopole antenna in mirror symmetry.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, the feeding line is a coaxial cable; an inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the feeding structure; an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the antenna ground.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, the glass piece is a front windshield or a rear windshield of a vehicle window.

[0016] In a second aspect, the application further provides a vehicle comprising the glass antenna according to any one of the first aspect.

[0017] The glass antenna comprises a glass piece, a monopole antenna arranged on the surface of the glass piece, an antenna ground arranged on the surface of the glass piece, a feeding structure arranged on the surface of the glass piece, the feeding structure being connected with a feeding wire and used for feeding a feeding signal transmitted by the feeding wire into the monopole antenna to make the monopole antenna in a second-order mode, and first and second coupling branches arranged on both sides of the monopole antenna. When the monopole antenna is in the second-order mode, equal-amplitude opposite-phase currents are generated to form two upper and lower excited half-wavelength antenna units, and the radiation pattern is two upper and lower equal-strength double-sphere patterns. By controlling the positions of the first and second coupling branches relative to the monopole antenna, the amplitudes and phases of the two upper and lower units can be adjusted based on the current same-direction and reverse superposition principle, and finally the radiation characteristics of strong radiation intensity in the direction away from the feeding structure and weak radiation intensity in the direction towards the feeding structure can be synthesized, so that the glass antenna with horizontal forward large-angle coverage capability can be realized on the inclined glass. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the related art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the related art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a front view of a glass antenna in an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic view of a glass piece in an embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 It is the current distribution and 3D radiation pattern of a monopole antenna at 5.915 GHz in an embodiment without first and second coupling branches;

[0022] Figure 4 It is the current distribution and 3D radiation pattern of a monopole antenna at 5.915 GHz in an embodiment with first and second coupling branches;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a comparison diagram of the phi=0° vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz before and after adding first and second coupling branches in an embodiment;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic view of another glass antenna in an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between a first surface wave suppression component and other components of a glass antenna in one embodiment.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a front view of a first side of a first glass element in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a front view of the third side of a second glass component in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a metal mesh for a first surface wave suppression component and a second surface wave suppression component in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a metal mesh for another first surface wave suppression component and a second surface wave suppression component in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another monopole antenna in one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another first coupling branch and a second coupling branch in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 14 This is a comparison diagram of the vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz with phi=0° when the spacing between the first coupling stub and the monopole antenna takes different values ​​in one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a comparison of the horizontal cross-sectional radiation direction at theta=60° at 5.915GHz when the spacing between the first coupling stub and the monopole antenna takes different values ​​in one embodiment.

[0034] Figure 16 The image shows a simulation comparison of the return loss parameter S11 of a control glass antenna, the glass antenna of this application, and a small-sized glass substrate antenna in one embodiment.

[0035] Figure 17 This is a comparison diagram of the vertical radiation direction of a control glass antenna and the glass antenna of this application at 5.915 GHz with phi=0° in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 18 This is a comparison diagram of the horizontal cross-sectional radiation direction of a control glass antenna and the glass antenna of this application at 5.915 GHz with theta = 60°. Detailed Implementation

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0039] It can be understood that the terms "first", "second", and the like as used herein are used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the first element from the other element. For example, without departing from the scope of the present application, a first resistor can be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor can be referred to as a first resistor. The first resistor and the second resistor are both resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0040] It can be understood that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can be a mediating element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there can be a mediating element. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "left", "right", and the like used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not the only implementation.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that "electrically connected" in the present application can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as a form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through a solid line that can transmit electrical signals such as copper foil or wire on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Coupling" can be understood as electrically conducting through indirect coupling, wherein those skilled in the art can understand that coupling refers to the phenomenon that the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks are closely matched and interact with each other, and energy is transmitted from one side to the other side through interaction.

[0042] With the rapid development of new generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G, and big data, the automobile industry is comprehensively promoting the networking and intelligentization of new energy vehicles, and intelligent and networked vehicles are showing strong development momentum. As one of the core radiation components for wireless communication of intelligent and networked vehicles, the performance of the vehicle-mounted antenna directly affects the communication quality of the communication system of the intelligent and networked vehicle. The current mainstream vehicle-mounted antennas are as follows:

[0043] The first is to install a shark fin antenna on the top of the car, and different frequency bands and types of antennas are integrated together through the shark fin shell. However, the small shell space leads to strong shielding and mutual coupling effects between antennas of different frequency bands, which seriously reduces the channel quality of the vehicle-mounted communication system.

[0044] The second is to embed the antenna inside the car, which effectively expands the installation space of the antenna and reduces the shielding and mutual coupling between antennas. However, due to the shielding effect of the current metal-coated glass of most vehicles, the antenna radiation performance is poor, which seriously deteriorates the communication quality of the vehicle-mounted communication system.

[0045] The third is the vehicle-mounted glass antenna, which can overcome the disadvantages of the above two vehicle-mounted antenna solutions and has been increasingly applied in recent years. In order to meet the increasing demand of consumers for comfort, large-size special glass is widely used in car bodies, which can not only increase the field of view inside the car, but also reduce noise pollution outside the car, and also improve the heat preservation and reduce the ultraviolet characteristics through metal coating technology, greatly improving the comfort of driving and riding. The large-scale application of large-size glass provides a new technical solution for the design of vehicle-mounted antennas: integrating antenna functions with glass technology to become a vehicle-mounted glass antenna. This not only solves the shortcomings of the above two technical solutions and achieves good antenna performance, but also takes into account the light transmission, noise reduction, and protection performance of the glass, achieving perfect combination of antenna radiation performance and glass technology.

[0046] However, the actual commercial vehicle-mounted glass antenna is mainly applied to AM / FM (Amplitude Modulation / Frequency Modulation) broadcast, DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), and other low-frequency bands, and is usually installed on horizontal sunroof glass and vertical small-size side window triangular glass.

[0047] The main reasons are: first, the front and rear windshield glasses of the vehicle-mounted glass have an inclination angle, and in order to ensure the field of view of the driver and passenger, the design area is strictly limited, which leads to the need to consider the radiation performance of the antenna on the vehicle-mounted windshield glass, as well as the size, manufacturing process, and other objective requirements of the antenna, especially the horizontal forward large-angle coverage capability and radiation efficiency of the antenna. Second, when high-frequency antennas use high-dielectric constant and large-size glass media as the substrate, not only is the loss large, but also more energy is bound to the glass-air medium interface and cannot be radiated to the free space, causing surface wave interference problems, leading to distortion of the antenna radiation pattern and a significant reduction in radiation efficiency.

[0048] Based on this, it is necessary to put forward effective technical means to solve the above problems. The technical solutions of the present application and how the technical solutions of the present application solve the above technical problems are described in detail below with specific examples. In addition, the following specific examples can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some examples.

[0049] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 A front view of a glass antenna is provided, which includes a glass piece 101, a monopole antenna 102, an antenna ground 103, a feeding structure 104, a first coupling branch 105 and a second coupling branch 106. The monopole antenna 102 is arranged on the surface of the glass piece 101; the antenna ground 103 is arranged on the surface of the glass piece 101; the feeding structure 104 is arranged on the surface of the glass piece 101, and the feeding structure 104 is connected with a feeding wire 107, for feeding the feeding signal transmitted by the feeding wire 107 into the monopole antenna 102, so that the monopole antenna 102 is in a second-order mode; the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are arranged on both sides of the monopole antenna 102.

[0050] Optionally, the glass piece 101 can be a front windshield or a rear windshield of a vehicle. Generally, the front windshield and the rear windshield of a small or medium-sized vehicle have an angle with the horizontal ground, and the angle varies with different vehicle models. Here, the angle between the glass piece 101 and the horizontal ground is not limited.

[0051] Taking the glass piece 101 as a front windshield of a vehicle with an angle of about 30° with the horizontal ground as an example, as shown in Figure 2 The glass piece 101 includes a first glass piece 1011 and a second glass piece 1012, the first glass piece 1011 includes a first surface S1 and a second surface S2, the second glass piece 1012 includes a third surface S3 and a fourth surface S4, the first surface S1 is away from the third surface S3, the second surface S2 is close to the third surface S3, the third surface S3 is close to the second surface S2, and the fourth surface S4 is away from the second surface S2. When the glass piece 101 is installed on a vehicle, from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the window, the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4 are respectively. In addition, the glass piece 101 further includes an intermediate layer 1013 arranged between the first glass piece 1011 and the second glass piece 1012. The intermediate layer 1013 can be made of PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral, polyvinyl butyral), which can adhere the first glass piece 1011 and the second glass piece 1012 together to form a laminated glass through a bonding process, which can effectively improve the strength and toughness of the glass piece 101, and also can improve the anti-collision ability and safety performance of the glass piece 101.

[0052] Any of the monopole antenna 102, the antenna ground 103, the feed structure 104, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 can be disposed on any of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4. That is, the monopole antenna 102 can be disposed on any of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4; the antenna ground 103 can be disposed on any of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4; the feed structure 104 can be disposed on any of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4; the first coupling branch 105 can be disposed on any of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4; and the second coupling branch 106 can be disposed on any of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4.

[0053] The monopole antenna 102, the antenna ground 103, the feed structure 104, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 can be disposed coplanarly or not coplanarly. Preferably, as shown in Figure 1 the monopole antenna 102, the antenna ground 103, the feed structure 104, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are disposed coplanarly on the first surface S1, which facilitates the size calculation between the components of the glass antenna and the installation of the components on the glass, and thus simplifies the complexity of the antenna design.

[0054] Specifically, the monopole antenna 102, the antenna ground 103, the feed structure 104, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 can be disposed in the black border area of the first surface S1 of the first glass piece 1011, which does not affect the light transmission performance of the transparent area of the glass piece 101 and does not affect the strength of the glass piece 101 itself.

[0055] With reference back to Figure 1 , the antenna ground 103 includes a first antenna ground 1031, a second antenna ground 1032 and a third antenna ground 1033, the first antenna ground 1031 is connected with the second antenna ground 1032 and the third antenna ground 1033 respectively to form an integral structure and surrounds the feed structure 104. It should be noted that when the antenna ground 103 and the feed structure 104 are not coplanar, the antenna ground 103 surrounding the feed structure 104 means that the orthographic projection of the antenna ground 103 on the first surface S1 surrounds the orthographic projection of the feed structure 104 on the first surface S1.

[0056] The feeding structure 104 is connected with the first antenna ground 1031 through the feeding line 107, and can be connected with or not connected with the monopole antenna 102, so as to couple the feeding signal transmitted by the feeding line 107 into the monopole antenna 102 or directly feed the feeding signal transmitted by the feeding line 107 into the monopole antenna 102, and the connection relationship between the feeding structure 104 and the monopole antenna 107 is not limited here, Figure 1 The feeding structure 104 is connected with the first antenna ground 1031 through the feeding line 107, and can be connected with or not connected with the monopole antenna 102, so as to couple the feeding signal transmitted by the feeding line 107 into the monopole antenna 102 or directly feed the feeding signal transmitted by the feeding line 107 into the monopole antenna 102, and the connection relationship between the feeding structure 104 and the monopole antenna 107 is not limited here,

[0057] The monopole antenna 102 includes a microstrip radiator having a first end and a second end, the first end is connected with the feeding structure 104, and the second end is an open end. When in the second-order mode, equal-amplitude and opposite-phase currents are generated on the monopole antenna 102, forming two excited half-wavelength antenna units similar to upper and lower halves, and the two halves are arranged in a binary array with a half-wavelength interval. At this time, the radiation pattern of the monopole antenna 102 is changed from the classical half-wave dipole single-ball pattern to a double-ball pattern with two equal-strength upper and lower halves, as shown in Figure 3 The current distribution and 3D radiation pattern of the monopole antenna 102 at 5.915 GHz are shown in the figure.

[0058] By controlling the positions of the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 relative to the monopole antenna 102, the amplitudes and phases of the two upper and lower units can be adjusted based on the current same-direction and reverse-direction superposition principle, and finally the radiation characteristics of the monopole antenna 102 can be synthesized, that is, the radiation intensity is strong in the direction away from the feeding structure 104, and the radiation intensity is weak in the direction towards the feeding structure 104, as shown in Figure 4 The current distribution and 3D radiation pattern of the monopole antenna 102 at 5.915 GHz are shown in the figure.

[0059] In order to further show the radiation change of the monopole antenna 102 before and after the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are added, a comparison chart of the phi=0° vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz before and after the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are added is provided, as shown in Figure 5 It is obvious that the forward horizontal radiation coverage capability of the monopole antenna 102 is significantly improved after the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are added.

[0060] The first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner on the two sides of the monopole antenna 102, as shown in Figure 1 The first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner on the two sides of the monopole antenna 102, as shown in

[0061] The first coupling branch 105 includes a first branch part 1051 and a second branch part 1052 connected to each other, and specifically can be connected by a microstrip line. The first branch part 1051 is arranged on a side away from the open end of the monopole antenna 102, and the distance between the first branch part 1051 and the monopole antenna 102 is a first preset distance. The second branch part 1052 is arranged on a side close to the open end of the monopole antenna 102, and the distance between the second branch part 1052 and the monopole antenna 102 is a second preset distance. The first preset distance is less than the second preset distance. The first branch part 1051 and the second branch part 1052 are both metal patches, and their sizes can be the same or different. The specific shape and size of the first branch part 1051 and the second branch part 1052 are not limited herein. Preferably, the first branch part 1051 and the second branch part 1052 are selected to form the first coupling branch 105 with a length of about half a wavelength λg / 2 at the working center frequency.

[0062] The second coupling branch 106 includes a third branch part 1061 and a fourth branch part 1062 connected to each other, and specifically can be connected by a microstrip line. The third branch part 1061 is arranged on another side away from the open end of the monopole antenna 102, and the distance between the third branch part 1061 and the monopole antenna 102 is a third preset distance. The fourth branch part 1062 is arranged on another side close to the open end of the monopole antenna 102, and the distance between the fourth branch part 1062 and the monopole antenna 102 is a fourth preset distance. The third preset distance is less than the fourth preset distance. The third branch part 1061 and the fourth branch part 1062 are both metal patches, and their sizes can be the same or different. The specific shape and size of the third branch part 1061 and the fourth branch part 1062 are not limited herein. Preferably, the third branch part 1061 and the fourth branch part 1062 are selected to form the second coupling branch 106 with a length of about half a wavelength λg / 2 at the working center frequency.

[0063] Since the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are arranged in mirror symmetry, the first preset distance is equal to the third preset distance, and the second preset distance is equal to the fourth preset distance.

[0064] It should be noted that when the first coupling branch 105, the second coupling branch 106 and the monopole antenna 102 are coplanar, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are arranged as described above. When the first coupling branch 105, the second coupling branch 106 and the monopole antenna 102 are not coplanar, the first preset distance, the second preset distance, the third preset distance and the fourth preset distance refer to the distance between the corresponding branch part and the monopole antenna 102 in the orthographic projection of the first face S1.

[0065] The glass antenna comprises a glass piece 101, a monopole antenna 102, an antenna ground 103, a feeding structure 104, a first coupling branch 105 and a second coupling branch 106. The monopole antenna 102 is arranged on the surface of the glass piece 101; the antenna ground 103 is arranged on the surface of the glass piece 101; the feeding structure 104 is arranged on the surface of the glass piece 101, and the feeding structure 104 is connected with a feeding line 107, for feeding the feeding signal transmitted by the feeding line 107 into the monopole antenna 102, so that the monopole antenna 102 is in a second-order mode; the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 are arranged on both sides of the monopole antenna 102. Since when the monopole antenna 102 is in the second-order mode, equal-amplitude and opposite-phase currents are generated, forming two upper and lower excited half-wavelength antenna units, and the radiation pattern thereof is two upper and lower equal-strength double-sphere patterns. By controlling the positions of the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 relative to the monopole antenna 102, the amplitudes and phases of the two upper and lower units can be adjusted based on the current same-direction and reverse superposition principle, and finally the radiation characteristics of strong radiation intensity in the direction away from the feeding structure 104 and weak radiation intensity toward the feeding structure 104 can be synthesized, so that the glass antenna with horizontal forward large-angle coverage capability can be realized on the inclined glass.

[0066] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a glass antenna is provided, which further comprises a first surface wave suppression component 108, a second surface wave suppression component 109 and a grounding component 110. Any one of the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110 is arranged on any one of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4. That is, the first surface wave suppression component 108 is arranged on any one of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4; the second surface wave suppression component 109 is arranged on any one of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4; and the grounding component 110 is arranged on any one of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4. Figure 6

[0067] The first surface wave suppression component 108 surrounds the monopole antenna 102.

[0068] If the second surface wave suppression component 109 is not coplanar with the first surface wave suppression component 108, the orthogonal projection of the second surface wave suppression component 109 on the first surface S1 at least partially overlaps the orthogonal projection of the first surface wave suppression component 108 on the first surface S1. Preferably, the orthogonal projection of the second surface wave suppression component 109 on the first surface S1 completely overlaps the orthogonal projection of the first surface wave suppression component 108 on the first surface S1, which can improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0069] ​If the second surface wave suppression component 109 is coplanar with the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 is arranged around the first surface wave suppression component 108.

[0070] The ground component 110 is arranged around the second surface wave suppression component 109.

[0071] It should be noted that when the first surface wave suppression component 108 is not coplanar with the monopole antenna 102, the first surface wave suppression component 108 arranged around the monopole antenna 102 means that the orthographic projection of the first surface wave suppression component 108 on the first surface S1 is arranged around the orthographic projection of the monopole antenna 102 on the first surface S1. Similarly, when the ground component 110 is not coplanar with the second surface wave suppression component 109, the ground component 110 arranged around the second surface wave suppression component 109 means that the orthographic projection of the ground component 110 on the first surface S1 is arranged around the orthographic projection of the second surface wave suppression component 109 on the first surface S1. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the ground component 110 is coplanar with the second surface wave suppression component 109 and is arranged on the third surface S3, and the first surface wave suppression component 108 is not coplanar with the second surface wave suppression component 109 and is arranged on the first surface S1.

[0072] Optionally, the first surface wave suppression component 108 and the second surface wave suppression component 109 comprise a metal mesh structure, which can be printed by silver paste. Specifically, if the first surface wave suppression component 108 is a metal mesh structure composed of two circles of cross-shaped metal units, and the second surface wave suppression component 109 is a metal mesh structure composed of one circle of cross-shaped metal units, the first surface wave suppression component 108 is arranged on the corresponding glass surface in a manner that the inner circle of the first surface wave suppression component 108 is aligned with the second surface wave suppression component 109. In this way, the inner circle of the first surface wave suppression component 108 and the second surface wave suppression component 109 form an upper and lower layer coupling. The ground component 110 is a metal ground and is directly connected to the second surface wave suppression component 109. The outer edge of the second surface wave suppression component 109 is grounded by the ground component 110. In this way, the outer circle of the first surface wave suppression component 108 and the ground component 110 form a coupling, so that the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the ground component 110 form an equivalent series-parallel capacitance-inductance resonant circuit.

[0073] It can be understood that the first surface wave suppression component 108 and the second surface wave suppression component 109 are arranged in the black border area of the glass piece 101, so as not to affect the light transmission performance of the transparent area of the glass piece 101.

[0074] In order to clearly understand the positional relationship between the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109, the grounding component 110 and other components in the glass antenna (the glass piece 101, the monopole antenna 102, the antenna ground 103, the feeding structure 104, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106) and the respective structures, the first surface wave suppression component 108 and other components in the glass antenna are arranged on the first surface S1 of the first glass piece 1011, and the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110 are arranged on the third surface S3 of the second glass piece 1012, for example, the following are provided Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 , wherein, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the first surface wave suppression component 108 and other components of the glass antenna, Figure 8 is a front view of the first surface S1 of the first glass piece 1011, Figure 9 is a front view of the third surface S3 of the second glass piece 1012, Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a metal grid of the first surface wave suppression component 108 and the second surface wave suppression component 109, Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another metal grid of the first surface wave suppression component 108 and the second surface wave suppression component 109. Figure 7 The first surface wave suppression component 108 in Figure 10 is different from the first surface wave suppression component 108 in Figure 7 The first surface wave suppression component 108 in Figure 11 is different from the first surface wave suppression component 108 in

[0075] In this embodiment, for the case of a large size area and a high dielectric constant such as a windshield, more electromagnetic wave energy of the monopole antenna 102 will be bound in the form of TM mode surface wave on the glass-air medium surface and propagate, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the antenna radiation into free space, causes distortion of the directional diagram and affects the coverage capability. Therefore, the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110 are arranged to form an equivalent series-parallel capacitance-inductance resonant circuit in the working frequency band, so that the TM surface wave signal is resonated and suppressed, the propagation and reflection of the TM surface wave signal along the glass-air surface are suppressed, the adverse effects are reduced, and the forward radiation characteristics of the small-size glass substrate monopole antenna 102 are maximized and the radiation efficiency is improved.

[0076] In one embodiment, the feeding line 107 is a coaxial cable, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the feeding structure 104, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the antenna ground 103. Specifically, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable can be welded to the center point of the feeding structure 104, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable can be welded to the first antenna ground 1031 in the antenna ground 103.

[0077] In this embodiment, the coaxial cable can be a 50 ohm coaxial cable. When the 50 ohm coaxial cable is used, the width and length of the feeding structure 104 or the distance between the antenna ground 103 and the feeding structure 104 needs to be adjusted to achieve impedance matching between the feeding structure 104 and the antenna ground 103, so that the signal does not overflow.

[0078] In one embodiment, the monopole antenna can be a long rectangle as shown in Figure 1 , or can be a structure including a first radiator 1021 and a second radiator 1022 as shown in Figure 12 . The width of the first radiator 1021 is smaller than the width of the second radiator 1022, the first end of the first radiator 1021 is connected to the feeding structure 104, the second end of the first radiator 1021 is connected to the first end of the second radiator 1022, and the second end of the second radiator 1022 is an open end. It can be understood that in order to adjust the upper and lower part amplitude ratio of the monopole antenna 102, the monopole antenna 102 can also be provided in other structures, and the specific structure of the monopole antenna 102 is not limited in the present application.

[0079] In addition, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 can be a structure composed of two rectangular branch parts connected in parallel as shown in Figure 1 , or can be a structure composed of two rectangular branch parts connected at an angle as shown in Figure 13 . It can be understood that in order to adjust the upper and lower part amplitude ratio of the monopole antenna 102, the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 can also be provided in other structures, and the specific structure of the first coupling branch 105 and the second coupling branch 106 is not limited in the present application.

[0080] In summary, according to the design idea of the glass antenna described above, the size of the glass antenna required can be set according to the working frequency band. In this embodiment, the working frequency band is 5.90-5.93 GHz, and the size of the glass antenna is designed as follows:

[0081] W1 = 2.5 mm, W2 = 0.9 mm, W3 = 0.5 mm, W4 = 1.5 mm, W5 = 1.8 mm, W6 = 1.5 mm, W7 = 1.5 mm, W8 = 0.5 mm, W9 = 0.8 mm, L1 = 3.0 mm, L2 = 22.5 mm, L3 = 0.5 mm, L4 = 6.0 mm, L5 = 6.5 mm, L6 = 7.0 mm, L7 = 5.0 mm, L8 = 1.0 mm, L9 = 44.0 mm, L10 = 35.2 mm, L11 = 60.0 mm, Hg = 2.1 mm, Hp = 0.76 mm, LG = 36.0 mm, WG = 10.0 mm, WG1 = 300.0 mm, LG1 = 300.0 mm, D1 = 5.5 mm, D2 = 6.7 mm, D3 = 4.4 mm.

[0082] W1 is the width of the feeding structure 104, W2 is the width of the monopole antenna 102, W3 is the width of the connecting member connecting the third antenna ground 1033 and the first antenna ground 1031, W4 is the width of the third antenna ground 1033, W5 is the distance between the first coupling branch 105 and the monopole antenna 102, specifically the distance between the second branch 1052 and the monopole antenna 102, W6 is the width of the first branch 1051, W7 is the width of the second branch 1052, W8 is the width of the connecting member connecting the first branch 1051 and the second branch 1052, and W9 is the width of the cross-shaped metal unit constituting the first surface wave suppression member 108 or the second surface wave suppression member 109.

[0083] L1 is the length of the feeding structure 104, L2 is the length of the monopole antenna 102, L3 is the length of the connecting member connecting the third antenna ground 1033 and the first antenna ground 1031, L4 is the length of the third antenna ground 1033, L5 is the length and width of the first antenna ground 1031, L6 is the length of the first branch 1051, L7 is the length of the second branch 1052, L8 is the length of the connecting member connecting the first branch 1051 and the second branch 1052, L9 is the length of the first surface wave suppression member 108 or the second surface wave suppression member 109, L10 is the width of the first surface wave suppression member 108 or the second surface wave suppression member 109, L11 is the width of the grounding member 110, Hg is the thickness of the first glass member 1011 and the second glass member 1012, Hp is the thickness of the intermediate layer 1013, LG is the length of the small-sized glass member 101, WG is the width of the small-sized glass member 101, WG1 is the width of the large-sized glass member 101, LG1 is the width of the large-sized glass member 101, D1 is the distance between the antenna ground 103 and the first surface wave suppression member 108, D2 is the distance between the monopole antenna 102 and the first surface wave suppression member 108, and D3 is the distance between two cross-shaped metal units.

[0084] ForFigure 1 the glass antenna in the prior art, provides a comparison chart of the phi=0° vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz when the spacing W5 between the first coupling branch 105 and the monopole antenna 102 takes different values, and provides a comparison chart of the theta=60° horizontal direction cut plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz when the spacing W5 between the first coupling branch 105 and the monopole antenna 102 takes different values. In the comparison chart, W5 takes 1.3 mm, 2.3 mm and 3.3 mm respectively. It can be seen that adjusting the coupling spacing can control and improve the forward wide-angle radiation coverage, and reduce the back lobe radiation energy. The smaller W5 is, the smaller the back lobe radiation energy is. Figure 14 Figure 15 For the glass antenna in the prior art, a comparison chart of the phi=0° vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz between the comparative glass antenna, the glass antenna of the present application, and the small-size glass substrate antenna is provided as shown in FIG. 9. In the comparison chart, the glass antenna of the present application refers to the glass antenna combined by the glass antenna in the prior art, the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110; the comparative glass antenna refers to the glass antenna in the prior art without the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, and the size of the glass piece remains unchanged as the size LG1*WG1 of the glass piece of the glass antenna of the present application; the small-size glass substrate antenna refers to the glass antenna with a size smaller than LG1*WG1, i.e. a size of LG*WG, and the structure of the glass antenna is the same as that of the glass antenna of the present application. It can be seen that by loading the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, the return loss of the glass antenna can be greatly improved. This is because the surface wave signals generated by the antenna will propagate, reflect at the glass-air interface and superimpose with the radiation signals of the antenna itself, thereby deteriorating the matching and radiation performance of the antenna.

[0085] For the glass antenna in the prior art, a comparison chart of the phi=0° vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz between the comparative glass antenna, the glass antenna of the present application, and the small-size glass substrate antenna is provided as shown in FIG. 9. In the comparison chart, the glass antenna of the present application refers to the glass antenna combined by the glass antenna in the prior art, the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110; the comparative glass antenna refers to the glass antenna in the prior art without the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, and the size of the glass piece remains unchanged as the size LG1*WG1 of the glass piece of the present application; the small-size glass substrate antenna refers to the glass antenna with a size smaller than LG1*WG1, i.e. a size of LG*WG, and the structure of the glass antenna is the same as that of the glass antenna of the present application. It can be seen that by loading the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, the return loss of the glass antenna can be greatly improved. This is because the surface wave signals generated by the antenna will propagate, reflect at the glass-air interface and superimpose with the radiation signals of the antenna itself, thereby deteriorating the matching and radiation performance of the antenna. Figure 1 Figure 16 For the glass antenna in the prior art, a comparison chart of the phi=0° vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz between the comparative glass antenna, the glass antenna of the present application, and the small-size glass substrate antenna is provided as shown in FIG. 9. In the comparison chart, the glass antenna of the present application refers to the glass antenna combined by the glass antenna in the prior art, the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110; the comparative glass antenna refers to the glass antenna in the prior art without the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, and the size of the glass piece remains unchanged as the size LG1*WG1 of the glass piece of the present application; the small-size glass substrate antenna refers to the glass antenna with a size smaller than LG1*WG1, i.e. a size of LG*WG, and the structure of the glass antenna is the same as that of the glass antenna of the present application. It can be seen that by loading the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, the return loss of the glass antenna can be greatly improved. This is because the surface wave signals generated by the antenna will propagate, reflect at the glass-air interface and superimpose with the radiation signals of the antenna itself, thereby deteriorating the matching and radiation performance of the antenna. Figure 1 Figure 8 Figure 9

[0086] For the glass antenna in the prior art, a comparison chart of the phi=0° vertical plane radiation direction at 5.915 GHz between the comparative glass antenna, the glass antenna of the present application, and the small-size glass substrate antenna is provided as shown in FIG. 9. In the comparison chart, the glass antenna of the present application refers to the glass antenna combined by the glass antenna in the prior art, the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110; the comparative glass antenna refers to the glass antenna in the prior art without the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, and the size of the glass piece remains unchanged as the size LG1*WG1 of the glass piece of the present application; the small-size glass substrate antenna refers to the glass antenna with a size smaller than LG1*WG1, i.e. a size of LG*WG, and the structure of the glass antenna is the same as that of the glass antenna of the present application. It can be seen that by loading the first surface wave suppression component 108, the second surface wave suppression component 109 and the grounding component 110, the return loss of the glass antenna can be greatly improved. This is because the surface wave signals generated by the antenna will propagate, reflect at the glass-air interface and superimpose with the radiation signals of the antenna itself, thereby deteriorating the matching and radiation performance of the antenna. Figure 17 Figure 18

[0087] ​​​​​​​The glass antenna has the following advantages:

[0088] (1) The application realizes horizontal forward wide-angle horizontal coverage performance based on the natural current equal-amplitude and opposite-phase of the second-order mode of the monopole antenna and the working principle of the dual-end firing array. Compared with the common array antenna, the application realizes the downward radiation performance by relying on a complex feeding circuit. The application realizes beam pointing control by controlling the amplitude ratio through a simple coupling branch based on the second-order working mode in the monopole antenna structure, has the advantages of small size, no complex amplitude and phase feeding circuit, simple manufacturing, and low cost.

[0089] (2) The application has a glass antenna device on an inclined glass surface and has horizontal forward wide-angle radiation coverage capability. The application is suitable for the front / rear windshield glass antenna of the intelligent network-connected vehicle, and because it has a surface wave suppression component design, the antenna has high radiation efficiency in this scenario.

[0090] (3) The application is designed based on the actual glass manufacturing process. The glass antenna structure is composed of multiple layers of glass dielectric and silver-plated metal materials. The surface wave suppression component adopts a double-layer circuit structure, realizes a series-parallel equivalent resonant circuit based on the upper and lower layer capacitive coupling principle, has no metalized via structure to destroy the integrity of the glass, and its manufacturing meets the current vehicle glass antenna process requirements, and the cost is similar to that of the traditional windshield glass. Therefore, it is conducive to realizing the integration and industrialization of the radio frequency front-end circuit and the intelligent network-connected vehicle glass.

[0091] In addition, the size of the above-mentioned related structure can be adjusted according to the needs to adapt to the receiving and transmitting equipment of different frequency band wireless communication systems. Since the application considers the surface wave suppression performance in the high dielectric constant environment when designing the glass antenna, it is particularly suitable for large-size vehicle glass. At the same time, benefiting from the radiation inclination control characteristics, the glass antenna of the application is particularly suitable for the front / rear windshield glass of the vehicle, can realize horizontal wide-angle radiation coverage, and can meet the increasingly rich intelligent vehicle communication applications today.

[0092] In one embodiment, a vehicle is provided, which includes the glass antenna as described in any of the above glass antenna embodiments.

[0093] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

[0094] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and in a specific manner, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A glass antenna, characterized in that, The glass antenna includes: Glass parts; A monopole antenna is disposed on the surface of the glass element, and the monopole antenna includes a first end and a second end; wherein the second end of the monopole antenna is an open circuit end; Antenna ground, which is disposed on the surface of the glass component; A feeding structure is disposed on the surface of the glass element. The feeding structure is connected to the feeding wire and the first end of the monopole antenna, and is used to feed the feeding signal transmitted by the feeding wire into the monopole antenna so that the monopole antenna is in a second-order mode. The first and second coupling stubs, which are mirror-symmetrically arranged on both sides of the monopole antenna, are used to synthesize radiation away from the direction of the feeding structure by controlling the positions of the first and second coupling stubs relative to the monopole antenna.

2. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass component includes a first glass component and a second glass component. The first glass component includes a first surface and a second surface. The second glass component includes a third surface and a fourth surface. The first surface is away from the third surface, the second surface is close to the third surface, the third surface is close to the second surface, and the fourth surface is away from the second surface. The monopole antenna, the antenna ground, the feed structure, the first coupling stub, and the second coupling stub are disposed on any one of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface.

3. The glass antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monopole antenna, the antenna ground, the feed structure, the first coupling stub, and the second coupling stub are arranged in the same plane.

4. The glass antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The glass antenna further includes a first surface wave suppression component, a second surface wave suppression component, and a grounding component; any one of the first surface wave suppression component, the second surface wave suppression component, and the grounding component is disposed on any one of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface; The first surface wave suppression component is disposed around the monopole antenna; If the second surface wave suppression component and the first surface wave suppression component are not coplanar, then the orthographic projection of the second surface wave suppression component on the first surface and the orthographic projection of the first surface wave suppression component on the first surface will at least partially overlap. If the second surface wave suppression component is coplanar with the first surface wave suppression component, then the second surface wave suppression component is disposed around the first surface wave suppression component; The grounding component is arranged around the second surface wave suppression component.

5. The glass antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first surface wave suppression component and the second surface wave suppression component include a metal mesh structure.

6. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first coupled branch includes a first branch portion and a second branch portion that are connected to each other; The first branch is located on the side away from the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between it and the monopole antenna is a first preset distance; The second branch is located on the side close to the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between it and the monopole antenna is a second preset distance; The first preset distance is less than the second preset distance.

7. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second coupled branch includes a third branch and a fourth branch that are interconnected; The third branch is located on the other side away from the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between it and the monopole antenna is a third preset distance; The fourth branch is located on the other side of the open end of the monopole antenna, and the distance between it and the monopole antenna is a fourth preset distance. The third preset distance is less than the fourth preset distance.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the glass antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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