An intumescent fireproof composite board and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of intumescent fireproof composite board, including sequentially stacked inner layer, intumescent fireproof layer and outer layer, the inner layer is galvanized steel sheet, the intumescent fireproof layer, including the following mass parts of raw materials: carbonization agent 25~40 parts, acid source 10~25 parts, foaming agent 5~15 parts, filler 5~10 parts, resin 20~40 parts, water 20~30 parts, the acid source is ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and polyphosphoric acid hexamino cyclotriphosphazene Compound, the filler includes low-temperature expandable graphite;The outer layer is aluminum foil glass fiber cloth.The acid source of the present application is compounded, so that the fireproof composite board forms an expanded carbon layer at 250~400 DEG C;By compounding filler, the fireproof composite board forms an expanded isolation layer below 200 DEG C;That is, the intumescent fireproof composite board of the present application continuously plays a fire-retardant and heat-insulating role in the whole process stage of fire, meets the fireproof and heat-insulating requirements of Saturn cloud cabinet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fireproof sealing technology, specifically relating to an intumescent fireproof composite board and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Saturn Cloud is a next-generation distributed storage system. Its storage devices utilize natural heat dissipation, resulting in low energy consumption, high reliability, large available bandwidth for users, and strong environmental adaptability. Saturn Cloud racks can be deployed in office buildings, residences, hotel lobbies, shopping malls, and other locations, requiring only power and standard broadband; no dedicated air conditioning is needed. It is highly adaptable to various environments and causes no interference. During normal operation, the rack remains open on all sides, allowing the products to dissipate heat through natural convection. In the event of a fire, fireproof panels are used to enclose the Saturn Cloud racks, providing fire and heat insulation to protect the internal storage devices from high temperatures. The fireproof panels protect the storage devices on five sides, with the seams on each side being vulnerable areas. Inadequate treatment at these seams allows hot air to enter the internal storage space, causing storage device failure and significant economic losses. Therefore, expanded fireproof panels are needed to provide fire and heat insulation protection for the Saturn Cloud racks. The storage equipment inside the Saturn Cloud rack has stringent temperature requirements, demanding that the average temperature rise of the unexposed side of the fireproof material not exceed 55°C from its initial temperature. In contrast, traditional intumescent fire-resistant insulation materials typically require an average temperature rise of no more than 140°C and a maximum temperature rise of no more than 180°C on the unexposed side of the insulation material. Therefore, the fire resistance requirements for the Saturn Cloud rack are higher than those for general buildings and pipelines, and traditional insulation materials are unlikely to meet these requirements.

[0003] Intumescent fireproof boards are a common fire-resistant material widely used in practical applications. However, traditional intumescent fireproof boards only meet fire resistance requirements and have poor thermal insulation properties, failing to meet the stringent requirements of fire resistance and thermal insulation for applications like the Saturn Cloud server rack. To achieve fire resistance with traditional fireproof materials, rock wool insulation is needed, which is often costly, complex in construction, and involves a large material volume, increasing the load on the support structure. Therefore, developing an intumescent fireproof board with good fire resistance and thermal insulation is of great significance for the fire protection and thermal insulation of the Saturn Cloud server rack.

[0004] CN109098302A discloses an intumescent metal fire-stopping panel, comprising a substrate, a high-intensity fire-retardant coating, and a fire-retardant covering layer stacked sequentially. The substrate is a galvanized steel sheet. The high-intensity fire-retardant coating is applied to the substrate and is composed of a colloidal resin, a flame retardant, and a diluent. The fire-retardant covering layer covers the high-intensity fire-retardant coating. This invention, using a galvanized steel sheet as the substrate, ensures the strength of the fire-stopping panel, improves its load-bearing capacity, and avoids secondary damage caused by building collapse. However, it lacks effective data on its fire-resistant and heat-insulating performance.

[0005] CN117164380A discloses an intumescent fireproof board and a method for preparing the intumescent fireproof board. The intumescent fireproof board includes: an adhesive, a catalyst, a charring agent, a foaming agent, and a filler; the weight parts of each component are: 20-60 parts of adhesive; 10-30 parts of catalyst; 20-40 parts of charring agent; 1-30 parts of foaming agent; and 0-10 parts of filler; wherein the mass ratio of the charring agent, catalyst, and foaming agent is (1-5):(1-3):1. The intumescent fireproof board of this application embodiment can form a dense and robust expanded carbon layer at high temperatures, which can enhance the carbon layer strength of the fireproof board, effectively isolate the oxygen supply, block the spread of flames, and slow down heat transfer, thereby improving the heat insulation performance of the intumescent fireproof board. However, the temperature of the unexposed surface of the intumescent fireproof board during combustion is 81.1-94.4℃, which cannot meet the fireproof and heat insulation requirements of the Saturn cloud cabinet. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an intumescent fireproof composite board that improves its fireproof and heat insulation performance to meet the fireproof and heat insulation requirements of the Saturn Cloud cabinet.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] An intumescent fireproof composite board includes an inner layer, an intumescent fireproof layer, and an outer layer stacked sequentially; the inner layer is a galvanized steel sheet; the intumescent fireproof layer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of charring agent, 10-25 parts of acid source, 5-15 parts of foaming agent, 5-10 parts of filler, 20-40 parts of resin, and 20-30 parts of water; the acid source is a compound of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate; the filler includes low-temperature expandable graphite; the outer layer is aluminum foil fiberglass cloth.

[0009] This invention employs a compounded acid source, which, under heating or combustion conditions, forms strongly dehydrating phosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid. The charring agent is a polyhydroxy or polyamino organic compound containing a large amount of carbon, forming the framework of the carbon layer. At high temperatures, the strongly dehydrating phosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid formed by the acid source react with the charring agent to undergo dehydration or deamination reactions, generating phosphate esters. When the phosphate esters are continuously heated to a certain temperature, the phosphate ester bonds break to generate unsaturated olefins, which then undergo polycyclic cyclization polymerization to form a dense carbon layer. This dense carbon layer effectively blocks the spread of flames, slows down heat transfer, and achieves a flame-retardant effect. The acid source selected in this invention has a decomposition temperature of ammonium polyphosphate between 250 and 280°C, a decomposition temperature of melamine polyphosphate between 320 and 350°C, and a decomposition temperature of hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate between 340 and 400°C. The combination and ratio of these three substances enable the acid source to decompose at 250 to 400°C to produce strongly dehydrating phosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid. These react with the char-forming agent to form a large number of dense and continuous carbon layers, which significantly slows down the combustion rate, blocks heat transfer, and prevents the temperature of the intumescent fireproof board from rising too quickly.

[0010] Furthermore, the char-forming agent is at least one of starch, chitosan, pentaerythritol, and D-mannitol.

[0011] Furthermore, the foaming agent is at least one of dicyandiamide, melamine, and melamine polyphosphate.

[0012] The foaming agent, also known as the gas source, decomposes and releases a large amount of non-toxic gas that inhibits flame spread when heated to 300-350°C, causing the resin to foam and expand, forming a multi-foamed carbon layer. Melamine, with its triazine structure and abundant amino groups, releases more non-flammable gases upon heating, slowing the combustion rate. Furthermore, melamine polyphosphate acts as both a foaming agent and an acid source. This invention, through the combined action of the acid source, charring agent, and foaming agent, enables the intumescent fireproof composite board to form an expanded porous carbon layer through a chemical reaction when heated to 250-400°C during the middle stage of combustion, thus preventing flame spread and effectively reducing heat transfer.

[0013] Furthermore, the filler is a compound of low-temperature expandable graphite, barium hydroxide octahydrate, and layered aluminum hydroxide silicate, with a particle size of 80-200 mesh.

[0014] The filler plays a synergistic role in flame retardancy and increasing the dimensional stability of the expansion layer. If the filler content is too low, the impact resistance and thermal stability of the flame-retardant layer will decrease. As the filler content increases, the expansion coefficient also gradually increases; however, excessive filler content will cause cracks in the expansion layer, leading to dimensional instability. Compared to the high expansion temperature of conventional expandable graphite, the low-temperature expandable graphite selected in this invention has an initial expansion temperature of 130℃ and can fully expand at 600℃, with an expansion volume of 200~300 cm³. 3g; In the initial stage of combustion, low-temperature expandable graphite rapidly expands, forming a low-density insulating layer that quickly and effectively reduces heat conduction. The barium hydroxide octahydrate used in this invention is a crystalline hydrated salt with a high phase change enthalpy at low temperatures and a phase change temperature of 78°C. This means that in the initial stage of combustion, barium hydroxide octahydrate absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, losing its water of crystallization, thereby lowering the temperature of the fireproof board. The combined effect of low-temperature expandable graphite and barium hydroxide octahydrate allows the expandable fireproof layer to insulate and cool in the initial stage of combustion, quickly and effectively reducing heat conduction. The layered aluminum hydroxide silicate used in this invention is expandable at 150~200°C, rapidly expanding and dehydrating to form SiO2 and Al2O3. The removed water helps lower the temperature, and the formed SiO2 and Al2O3 cover the surface, further enhancing its flame-retardant effect. The inventors discovered that through the combined action of three fillers—low-temperature expandable graphite, barium hydroxide octahydrate, and layered aluminum hydroxide silicate—the intumescent fireproof composite board can form an expanding isolation layer through physical action in the initial stage of combustion below 200°C, effectively insulating heat, reducing heat conduction, and preventing further spread of flames.

[0015] This invention utilizes the combined use of acid source, charring agent, and foaming agent with filler to fully leverage both chemical and physical expansion flame-retardant mechanisms. This allows the fire-resistant composite board to form an expanding insulating layer through physical action in the initial combustion stage (below 200°C), effectively providing heat insulation. As combustion progresses and the temperature rises, the acid source, charring agent, and foaming agent form an expanding carbon layer through chemical action at high temperatures (250-400°C), effectively preventing the spread of flames and efficiently reducing heat transfer. In other words, the combined use of acid source, charring agent, and foaming agent with filler enables the intumescent fireproof board to continuously provide flame retardant and heat insulation throughout the entire fire process.

[0016] Furthermore, the resin is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the resin mainly serves as an adhesive.

[0017] Further, the mass ratio of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in the acid source is 1:(1~2):(0.5~1.5), preferably 1:(1.3~1.8):(0.8~1.2).

[0018] Furthermore, the polyphosphate hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene is prepared by the following steps:

[0019] (P1) Dissolve hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene in warm water, add phosphoric acid at a molar ratio of phosphoric acid to hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene of (1~1.1):1, stir and react. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature, filter and dry to obtain hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene phosphate.

[0020] (P2) The hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene phosphate obtained in step (P1) is then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined for a certain time to obtain hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (P1), the warm water is at a temperature of 50-60°C; the reaction is carried out at 85-95°C for 2-4 hours; and the drying is carried out in a drying oven at 80-100°C for 12-24 hours.

[0022] Furthermore, the roasting time in step (P2) is 1.5 to 3 hours at 200 to 250°C.

[0023] Furthermore, the mass ratio of low-temperature expandable graphite, barium hydroxide octahydrate, and layered aluminum hydroxide silicate in the filler is 1:(0.2~0.5):(0.5~1.5), preferably 1:(0.3~0.4):(0.8~1).

[0024] The intumescent fireproof composite board of the present invention uses galvanized steel sheet as the inner layer to ensure the strength of the fireproof board; when in use, the inner layer is close to the protected object, and due to the low thermal conductivity of galvanized steel sheet, it can further play a heat insulation role.

[0025] The outer layer of the intumescent fireproof composite board of the present invention is aluminum foil fiberglass cloth, which can prevent the intumescent fireproof layer from directly contacting the environment, thereby avoiding damage to the intumescent fireproof layer.

[0026] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an intumescent fire-resistant composite board, comprising the following steps:

[0027] (S1) Dissolve the resin in water to prepare an adhesive solution;

[0028] (S2) The acid source, charring agent, foaming agent and filler are added sequentially to the adhesive solution prepared in (S1) under stirring to form a composition;

[0029] (S3) Pour the composition obtained in (S2) into a mold with a galvanized steel plate and lay aluminum foil fiberglass cloth on it;

[0030] (S4) After pressurization and drying, an intumescent fireproof composite board is obtained.

[0031] Furthermore, the pressurization mentioned in (S4) is 0.2~0.5 MPa for 0.5~2 hours, and the drying is 80~100℃ for 12~24 hours.

[0032] The thickness of the intumescent fireproof composite board provided by this invention is not particularly limited, but generally it is between 1 and 3 mm.

[0033] The present invention also provides the application of the intumescent fireproof composite board as a fireproof cover in the fireproof and heat insulation protection of the Saturn cloud cabinet.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] This invention utilizes a specific combination of three substances in the acid source: ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate. This combination allows the acid source to decompose during the mid-stage of combustion at 250-400°C, producing highly dehydrating phosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid. These react chemically with a charring agent and, combined with a foaming agent, form a large, continuously expanding carbon layer that effectively prevents flame spread and significantly reduces heat transfer. Furthermore, this invention employs a combination of three fillers: low-temperature expandable graphite, barium hydroxide octahydrate, and layered aluminum hydroxide silicate. This allows the intumescent fireproof composite board to form an expanding insulating layer through physical action during the initial combustion stage (below 200°C), effectively insulating and reducing heat conduction. The combined effect of the acid source, charring agent, foaming agent, and fillers enables the intumescent fireproof composite board to continuously provide flame retardant and heat insulation throughout the entire fire process, meeting the fireproof and heat insulation requirements of the Saturn Cloud cabinet.

[0036] The intumescent fireproof composite board of the present invention uses galvanized steel sheet as the inner layer to ensure the strength of the fireproof board; when in use, the inner layer is close to the protected object, and due to the low thermal conductivity of galvanized steel sheet, it can further play a heat insulation role. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials described in the following examples are commercially available.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the "parts" mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention refer to parts by mass, and the "%" refers to percentages by mass.

[0040] The low-temperature expandable graphite was selected from Qingdao Xingrunda Sealing Materials Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 100 mesh and a carbon content of 95.8%.

[0041] Hydroxyethyl cellulose was selected from Shandong Guanming Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a melting point of 288~290℃.

[0042] The polyvinyl alcohol was selected from PVA 05-99(L) of Anhui Wanwei High-Tech Materials Co., Ltd., in powder form, with a molecular weight of approximately 20,000.

[0043] Chitosan was purchased from Jinan Haidebei Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Mη=2.4×10 5 The degree of deacetylation is 85%.

[0044] Preparation Example

[0045] (P1) Dissolve hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene in warm water at 60°C, add phosphoric acid at a molar ratio of phosphoric acid to hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene of 1.05:1, react at 90°C for 3 hours with stirring, cool to room temperature after reaction, filter, and dry at 90°C for 12 hours in a drying oven to obtain hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene phosphate.

[0046] (P2) The hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene phosphate obtained in step (P1) is then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 200°C for 2 hours to obtain hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] The intumescent fireproof layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of pentaerythritol as a char-forming agent, 10 parts of acid source, 5 parts of dicyandiamide as a foaming agent, 5 parts of filler, 20 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 20 parts of water.

[0049] The acid source is a compound made up of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5;

[0050] The filler is a compound made of low-temperature expandable graphite, layered aluminum hydroxide silicate and barium hydroxide octahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.5.

[0051] Preparation steps:

[0052] (S1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose is dissolved in water to prepare an adhesive solution;

[0053] (S2) The acid source, pentaerythritol (a carbonizing agent), dicyandiamide (a foaming agent), and filler are added sequentially to the adhesive solution prepared in (S1) under stirring to form a composition;

[0054] (S3) Pour the composition obtained in (S2) into a mold with a galvanized steel plate and lay aluminum foil fiberglass cloth on it;

[0055] (S4) The intumescent fireproof composite board is obtained by pressing at 0.3 MPa for 1 hour and then drying at 80°C for 12 hours.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the intumescent fireproof layer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of pentaerythritol as a char-forming agent, 25 parts of acid source, 15 parts of dicyandiamide as a foaming agent, 10 parts of filler, 40 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, and 30 parts of water.

[0058] The mass ratio of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in the acid source was the same as in Example 1;

[0059] The mass ratio of low-temperature expandable graphite, layered aluminum hydroxide silicate, and barium hydroxide octahydrate in the filler is the same as in Example 1.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the intumescent fireproof layer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Raw material composition of the intumescent fireproof layer: 32 parts of pentaerythritol char-forming agent, 18 parts of acid source, 10 parts of dicyandiamide foaming agent, 8 parts of filler, 25 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, and 25 parts of water.

[0062] The mass ratio of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in the acid source was the same as in Example 1;

[0063] The mass ratio of low-temperature expandable graphite, layered aluminum hydroxide silicate, and barium hydroxide octahydrate in the filler is the same as in Example 1.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The rest is the same as in Example 3, except that in the raw material composition of the intumescent fireproof layer, chitosan is used instead of pentaerythritol, and melamine is used instead of dicyandiamide.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The rest is the same as in Example 4, except that the acid source is a compound made of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1.3:0.8.

[0068] The filler is a compound composed of low-temperature expandable graphite, layered aluminum hydroxide silicate and barium hydroxide octahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.8.

[0069] Example 6

[0070] The rest is the same as in Example 4, except that the acid source is a compound made of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1.6:1.

[0071] The filler is a compound composed of low-temperature expandable graphite, layered aluminum hydroxide silicate, and barium hydroxide octahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:1.

[0072] Example 7

[0073] The rest is the same as in Example 4, except that the acid source is a compound made of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1.8:1.2.

[0074] The filler is a compound composed of low-temperature expandable graphite, layered aluminum hydroxide silicate and barium hydroxide octahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1.2.

[0075] Example 8

[0076] The rest is the same as in Example 4, except that the acid source is a compound made of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1.5.

[0077] The filler is a compound composed of low-temperature expandable graphite, layered aluminum hydroxide silicate and barium hydroxide octahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1.5.

[0078] Comparative Example 1

[0079] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the acid source is a compound of ammonium polyphosphate and melamine polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1, that is, hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate is not added.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the acid source is a compound of ammonium polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, that is, melamine polyphosphate is not added.

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the acid source is a compound of melamine polyphosphate and hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, that is, no ammonium polyphosphate is added.

[0084] Comparative Example 4

[0085] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the filler is a compound of low-temperature expandable graphite and barium hydroxide octahydrate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, that is, no layered aluminum hydroxide silicate is added.

[0086] Comparative Example 5

[0087] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the filler is a compound of low-temperature expandable graphite and layered aluminum hydroxide silicate in a mass ratio of 1:0.2, that is, barium hydroxide octahydrate is not added.

[0088] Table 1. Composition of the flame-retardant fireproof layer in the examples and comparative examples.

[0089]

[0090] Note: A: Ammonium polyphosphate, B: Melamine polyphosphate, C: Hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene polyphosphate, D: Low-temperature expandable graphite, E: Barium hydroxide octahydrate, F: Layered aluminum hydroxide silicate.

[0091] Test case

[0092] The expansion performance and fire resistance performance of the intumescent fireproof composite panels prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0093] Expansion performance: Tested in accordance with GB16807-2009 "Fireproof Expansion Seals".

[0094] Fire resistance performance: The fire resistance performance of the above-mentioned intumescent fireproof board was evaluated by heating with an alcohol lamp. The experimental procedure was as follows: the flame core of the alcohol lamp was 1 cm away from the outer layer of the fireproof board, and the outer flame was used for heating to obtain a higher temperature. The inner layer temperature of the composite fireproof board was tested with a thermocouple, and the temperature change over time was recorded. The fire resistance performance of the fireproof board was evaluated based on the temperature reached on the back of the fireproof board after burning for 30 minutes.

[0095] Table 2 Performance Tests

[0096]

[0097] As shown in Table 2, the intumescent fireproof composite board prepared in the embodiments of the present invention has high expansion capacity and excellent fireproof and heat insulation performance. The temperature on the unexposed side does not exceed 80°C, and the temperature rise from the initial ambient temperature does not exceed 55°C, which can meet the fireproof and heat insulation requirements of the Saturn Cloud rack. In particular, the intumescent fireproof composite board prepared in Example 6 has an inner layer temperature of 69.3°C after 30 minutes, which is 36% lower than the inner layer temperature of the fireproof board in Comparative Example 1 and 47% lower than the inner layer temperature of the fireproof board in Comparative Example 4.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intumescent fireproof composite panel comprising an inner layer, an intumescent fireproof layer and an outer layer stacked in order, the inner layer being a galvanized steel sheet, characterized in that, The intumescent fireproof layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: char former 25-40 parts, acid source 10-25 parts, foaming agent 5-15 parts, filler 5-10 parts, resin 20-40 parts, and water 20-30 parts; the acid source is a compound of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and polyphosphoric hexamino cyclotriphosphazene; the filler comprises low-temperature expandable graphite; the outer layer is aluminum foil glass fiber cloth; the mass ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and polyphosphoric hexamino cyclotriphosphazene in the acid source is 1:(1-2):(0.5-1.5); the filler is a compound of low-temperature expandable graphite, barium hydroxide octahydrate and layered aluminum silicate hydroxide in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2-0.5):(0.5-1.5); the polyphosphoric hexamino cyclotriphosphazene is prepared by the following steps: (P1) dissolving hexamino cyclotriphosphazene in warm water, adding phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of (1-1.1):1, stirring and reacting, cooling to room temperature after reaction, and drying to obtain polyphosphoric hexamino cyclotriphosphazene; (P2) placing the polyphosphoric hexamino cyclotriphosphazene prepared in step (P1) in a muffle furnace and calcining for a certain time to obtain polyphosphoric hexamino cyclotriphosphazene.

2. The intumescent fire-resistant composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The char former is at least one of starch, chitosan, pentaerythritol and D-mannitol; the foaming agent is at least one of dicyandiamide, melamine and melamine polyphosphate; and the resin is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl fiber.

3. The intumescent fire-resistant composite panel according to claim 1, wherein The particle size of the filler is 80-200 mesh.

4. The intumescent fire-resistant composite panel according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and polyphosphoric hexamino cyclotriphosphazene in the acid source is 1:(1.3-1.8):(0.8-1.2).

5. The intumescent fire-resistant composite panel according to claim 1, wherein In step (P1), the water temperature is 50-60°C, the reaction is carried out at 85-95°C for 2-4h, and the drying is carried out at 80-100°C in a drying oven for 12-24h; in step (P2), the calcining for a certain time is carried out at 200-250°C for 1.5-3h.

6. A method for the production of an intumescent fireproof composite panel according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (S1) dissolving resin in water to obtain an adhesive solution; (S2) adding the acid source, char former, foaming agent and filler into the adhesive solution prepared in (S1) under stirring to form a composition; (S3) pouring the composition prepared in (S2) into a mold with a galvanized steel plate and laying aluminum foil glass fiber cloth on it; (S4) pressing and drying to obtain an intumescent fireproof composite board.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (S4), the pressing is carried out at 0.2-0.5MPa for 0.5-2h, and the drying is carried out at 80-100°C for 12-24h.

8. Use of the intumescent fireproof composite board according to any one of claims 1-5 as a fireproof cover in the fireproof protection of a Saturn cloud cabinet.

Images