A coherent optical module fiber array

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of optical modules. Further, it relates to a coherent optical module fiber array. It includes: a light source module, an optical modulation module, an optical regulation module, an optical coupling module, a fiber array, and an optical detection module; the light source module is used to generate an input optical signal; the optical modulation module is used to obtain a modulated optical signal; the optical regulation module includes: a polarization control unit, a beam splitting unit, and an optical delay unit; the optical coupling module is used to couple each sub-modulation signal into one of the optical fibers in the fiber array, and each sub-modulation signal corresponds to one optical fiber; the fiber array includes [number of] optical fibers and transmits the received sub-modulation signals to the optical detection module; the optical detection module is used to detect and receive each sub-modulation signal. The present invention realizes the efficient coupling and transmission of optical signals, and improves the transmission efficiency and quality of optical signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of optical modules, and particularly relates to a coherent optical module fiber array. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, optical communication, as a high-speed, high-bandwidth, and low-power consumption communication method, has gradually become one of the preferred solutions to meet the needs of big data transmission. In an optical communication system, as one of the important optical components, the fiber array undertakes the key task of transmitting optical signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end. However, there are some problems in the actual application of traditional fiber arrays, such as attenuation of optical signals and low optical coupling efficiency, which limit the performance and stability of the optical communication system.

[0003] Traditional fiber arrays usually adopt single-mode fibers and are linearly arranged. This structure is affected by crosstalk between fibers to a certain extent, resulting in attenuation and distortion of optical signals, and reducing the transmission quality and stability of optical signals. In addition, the optical coupling efficiency of traditional fiber arrays is relatively low, and additional optical coupling devices are required to improve the coupling efficiency, increasing the complexity and cost of the system. In a traditional optical communication system, the optical modulation module and the optical coupling module are usually separate components, and there are coupling losses and matching problems between them. The optical modulation module usually uses devices such as electro-optic modulators, but its modulation efficiency is limited and cannot meet the requirements of high-speed and high-efficiency optical signal modulation. When the optical coupling module couples optical signals into the fiber array, there are problems such as optical loss and attenuation of optical signals, reducing the transmission efficiency and quality of optical signals. Traditional fiber arrays usually adopt a linearly arranged structure, which is limited by the layout space and the number of fibers to a certain extent, and it is difficult to implement a large-scale optical communication system. At the same time, the layout of the fiber array also has a certain impact on the transmission characteristics of optical signals and the optical coupling efficiency, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider optical characteristics and system requirements for design and optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main object of the present invention is to provide a coherent optical module fiber array, which realizes efficient coupling and transmission of optical signals, and improves the transmission efficiency and quality of optical signals.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0006] A coherent optical module fiber array, which includes: a light source module, an optical modulation module, an optical control module, an optical coupling module, a fiber array, and an optical detection module; the light source module is used to generate an input optical signal; the optical modulation module is used to modulate the input optical signal to obtain a modulated optical signal; the optical control module includes: a polarization control unit, a beam splitting unit, and an optical delay unit; the polarization control unit is used to control and adjust the polarization state of the modulated optical signal; the beam splitting unit is used to split the modulated optical signal into N sub-modulated optical signals; the optical delay unit is used to delay each sub-modulated optical signal for different times, so that each sub-modulated optical signal enters the optical coupling module at different times; the optical coupling module is used to couple each sub-modulated signal into one of the fibers in the fiber array, and each sub-modulated signal corresponds to one fiber; the fiber array includes N fibers and transmits the received sub-modulated signals to the optical detection module; the optical detection module is used to detect and receive each sub-modulated signal.

[0007] Further, the light source module is a helium-neon laser; the optical coupling module is a grating; the optical detection module is a photodiode array; the arrangement of the photodiodes in the photodiode array is the same as the arrangement of the fibers in the fiber array, and each photodiode corresponds to one fiber.

[0008] Further, the fibers in the fiber array are all single-mode fibers; the fibers in the fiber array are arranged in a circle and arranged around the central axis, presenting a circular shape in the cross-section; all the fibers in the fiber array have the same length and diameter.

[0009] Further, when the light source module generates an input optical signal, let the total power of the light source be P; the initial spot radius of the light beam is w 0 ; the radius of the light beam at a distance z from the light source module is w(z); then the input optical signal is represented by the following formula:

[0010]

[0011] Where: r represents the radial distance relative to the optical axis, that is, the transverse position of the light beam; z represents the distance along the optical axis, that is, the longitudinal position of the light beam; I(r,z) represents the light intensity at a given radial distance r and distance z along the optical axis.

[0012]

[0013] Where: z 0 is the central position of the light source; z R is the Rayleigh distance, defined as Where λ is the optical wavelength.

[0014] Further, let the optical intensity of the input optical signal when it reaches the optical modulation module be I in ; The optical modulation module uses the principle of optical interference to modulate the input optical signal. It includes two optical paths. The input optical signal of one optical path is modulated, and the other optical path remains unchanged. By adjusting the optical path difference between the two optical paths, the modulation of the input optical signal is achieved; the modulated optical signal is represented by the following formula:

[0015]

[0016] where, I out (x, y) is the optical intensity of the modulated optical signal; m is the modulation depth, representing the modulation intensity of the optical modulation module; ΔL is the optical path difference between the two interfering optical paths; φ(x, y) is the phase modulation of the light beam;

[0017] ΔL = L 0 + ΔnL mod ;

[0018] where, L 0 is the initial optical path difference between the two optical paths; Δn is the refractive index change caused by the modulation signal; L mod is the modulation length of the optical modulation module; (x, y) is the spatial coordinate; V is the voltage of the optical modulation module; V π is the so-called π-phase voltage, representing the voltage that causes the phase of the light to change by π radians.

[0019] Further, the polarization control unit changes the polarization state of the modulated optical signal by applying an electric field in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the modulated optical signal, so as to control and adjust the polarization state of the modulated optical signal; Let the electric field be α, and use the matrix J to represent the modulation results of the polarization control unit on the modulated optical signal in four directions:

[0020]

[0021] where, J 11 This element represents the change of the horizontal polarization component of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit, which is the intensity of the horizontal polarization component of the original horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit; J 12 This element represents the relationship between the horizontal polarization component of the input light and the vertical polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit. It describes the intensity of the vertical polarization component generated by the original horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit; J 21 This element describes the relationship between the vertical polarization component of the input light and the horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit, and describes the intensity of the horizontal polarization component generated by the original vertical polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit; J 22This element represents the change of the vertical polarization component of the input light after passing through the polarization control unit, and describes the intensity of the vertical polarization component of the original vertical polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit.

[0022] Furthermore, the four elements in matrix J are calculated using the following formula:

[0023] J 11 = cos 2 θ+(1 - cos 2 θ)cos(2α);

[0024] J 12 = (1 - cos 2 θ)sin(2α);

[0025] J 21 = (1 - cos 2 θ)sin(2α);

[0026] J 22 = sin 2 θ+(1 - sin 2 θ)cos(2α);

[0027] Where θ is the angle between the incident angle of the modulated optical signal and the polarization direction of the polarization control unit.

[0028] Furthermore, the optical coupling module includes: an optical coupler and a lens; when the optical coupler couples each sub-modulated signal into the fiber array, it also passes through the lens, and the lens focuses each sub-modulated signal into a single fiber, with each sub-modulated signal corresponding to one fiber.

[0029] Furthermore, the transfer function of the lens is represented by the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] Where H is the transfer function of the lens; ρ is the radial distance on the lens surface; D is the distance from the lens to the fiber; a is the radius of the lens; ω is the angular frequency of the sub-modulated signal; t is the time delay, corresponding to the delay of each sub-modulated optical signal; i is the imaginary symbol; φ represents the angle between the sub-modulated signal and the radial direction on the lens surface when passing through the lens.

[0032] A fiber optic array of a coherent optical module according to the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In traditional optical communication systems, the transmission efficiency of optical signals is affected by optical loss and attenuation, which limits the transmission distance and transmission rate of the system. The present invention adopts a fiber optic array of a coherent optical module, and through an integrated design and optimized optical modulation, optical control, and optical coupling modules, effectively improves the transmission efficiency of optical signals. First, the coherent optical signal generated by the light source module is modulated by the optical modulation module, and the polarization state of the optical signal is adjusted and controlled by the optical regulation module. This step can optimize the transmission characteristics of the optical signal and improve the transmission quality and stability of the optical signal. Secondly, the optical coupling module couples the modulated optical signal into the fiber optic array and focuses the optical signal into each fiber through a lens, thereby reducing optical loss and attenuation and improving the transmission efficiency and transmission distance of the optical signal. Therefore, the present invention can effectively improve the transmission efficiency of optical signals and meet the requirements of high-speed and high-bandwidth optical communication. There are certain limitations in traditional optical modulation technologies and optical coupling technologies, such as low modulation efficiency and low coupling efficiency. The present invention realizes the efficient modulation and coupling of optical signals through an integrated design and optimized optical modulation and optical coupling modules, thereby improving the performance and stability of the optical communication system. The optical modulation module uses the principle of optical interference to modulate the input optical signal, and effectively modulates the intensity and phase of the optical signal by adjusting the optical path difference of the optical path. This modulation method can achieve high-speed and high-efficiency optical signal modulation and meet the requirements of the optical communication system for signal modulation. At the same time, the optical coupling module adopts a combined structure of an optical coupler and a lens to realize the efficient coupling and transmission of optical signals. The optical coupler couples the modulated optical signal into the fiber optic array and focuses the optical signal into each fiber through a lens, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and quality of the optical signal. Therefore, the present invention improves the performance and stability of optical modulation and optical coupling technologies and provides reliable technical support for the application of optical communication systems. Traditional fiber optic arrays usually adopt a linear arrangement structure, which is difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale optical communication systems. The fiber optic array of the coherent optical module proposed by the present invention adopts a circular arrangement and optimized design, realizing a flexible fiber optic array design and layout scheme. The optical fibers in the fiber optic array are arranged in a circular shape and arranged around the central axis, having the same length and diameter. This layout method can minimize the crosstalk between optical fibers and the attenuation of optical signals, improving the transmission quality and stability of optical signals. At the same time, the circular arrangement of the fiber optic array can also realize flexible control of the number of optical fibers and the layout space, meeting the requirements of different application scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic array of a coherent optical module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of an optical regulation module provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] The following will be described in detail respectively.

[0037] Embodiment 1: Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a fiber optic array of a coherent optical module, which includes: a light source module, an optical modulation module, an optical control module, an optical coupling module, a fiber optic array, and an optical detection module; the light source module is used to generate an input optical signal; the optical modulation module is used to modulate the input optical signal to obtain a modulated optical signal; the optical control module includes: a polarization control unit, a beam splitting unit, and an optical delay unit; the polarization control unit is used to control and adjust the polarization state of the modulated optical signal; the beam splitting unit is used to split the modulated optical signal into N sub-modulated optical signals; the optical delay unit is used to delay each sub-modulated optical signal for different times, so that each sub-modulated optical signal enters the optical coupling module at different times; the optical coupling module is used to couple each sub-modulated signal into one of the fibers in the fiber optic array, and each sub-modulated signal corresponds to one fiber; the fiber optic array includes N fibers and transmits the received sub-modulated signals to the optical detection module; the optical detection module is used to detect and receive each sub-modulated signal.

[0038] Specifically, in a semiconductor laser, the process of laser generation can be divided into three key steps: excitation, reflection, and amplification. First, by applying current or light energy, electrons in the semiconductor material are excited to jump from a low energy level to a high energy level. This process is usually achieved by injecting current, in which carriers in the semiconductor material are activated and transition to the excited state, generating optical excitation. In the bandgap structure of the semiconductor material, the recombination of electrons and holes results in the emission of photons. Next, the excited electrons will move in the material and undergo multiple optical reflections. This reflection is achieved through the optical structure of the laser (such as a mirror or a grating), which keeps the excited photons in the gain medium of the laser for further amplification. Finally, the photons in the gain medium of the laser will be continuously amplified to form a beam with very high intensity and excellent coherence. This process is achieved through stimulated emission, in which photons in the gain medium excite more electrons to transition and trigger the emission of more photons, thus forming the so-called "optical amplification" effect.

[0039] First, the light source module generates an input optical signal. This could be a laser or other type of light source, and its stability and output power are crucial for the system performance. The optical signal generated by the light source module is modulated by the optical modulation module to obtain the desired modulated optical signal. The modulation can be amplitude, frequency, or phase modulation, depending on the application requirements. The optical control module is a key part of the system and includes a polarization control unit, a beam splitting unit, and an optical delay unit. The polarization control unit is responsible for adjusting and controlling the polarization state of the modulated optical signal to optimize the signal transmission characteristics. The beam splitting unit divides the modulated optical signal into N sub-modulated optical signals, which may be achieved through an optical beam splitter and has precise beam splitting capabilities. The optical delay unit delays each sub-modulated optical signal by different times so that they enter the optical coupling module at different times. The optical coupling module couples each sub-modulated signal into one of the optical fibers in the fiber array. This may involve appropriately designed coupling elements to ensure efficient signal transmission and minimum loss. The fiber array consists of N optical fibers, and each optical fiber corresponds to a sub-modulated signal. The design and layout of the optical fibers should consider the stability of signal transmission and minimum crosstalk.

[0040] The modulated optical signal is divided into multiple sub-signals such that each sub-signal occupies a different frequency or time slot in the optical fiber. This enables multiple independent signals to be transmitted on the same optical fiber, realizing the multiplexing function of the optical communication system. In this way, the system can transmit multiple signals on a single optical fiber, improving the utilization rate of the optical fiber and reducing the transmission cost. By dividing the modulated optical signal into multiple sub-signals and transmitting them simultaneously into different optical fibers in the fiber array, the bandwidth of the optical fiber can be fully utilized. Each sub-signal can utilize a part of the bandwidth of the optical fiber, thus transmitting more data at the same time, improving the transmission efficiency and throughput of the system. In an optical communication system, crosstalk is a common problem, especially when multiple signals are transmitted on the same optical fiber simultaneously. By dividing the modulated optical signal into multiple sub-signals and transmitting them separately into different optical fibers, the mutual interference between sub-signals can be reduced, the impact of crosstalk can be minimized, and the signal quality and stability of the system can be improved. By dividing the modulated optical signal into multiple sub-signals through the beam splitting unit, the system can achieve flexible configuration and adjustment. According to the needs, the number and frequency of sub-signals can be dynamically adjusted to meet different communication requirements and system requirements. This flexibility makes the system more adaptable to various different application scenarios and communication environments.

[0041] The principle of the optical delay unit is based on the concepts of time control and optical delay. By introducing specific delay elements in the optical path, such as optical delay lines or optical modulators, etc., precise time delay of optical signals can be achieved. These delay elements are usually based on the propagation speed of light and specific design parameters, and can accurately control the arrival time of optical signals at different time points. One of the purposes is to achieve time staggering of optical signals. By applying different time delays to each sub-modulated optical signal, they can enter the optical coupling module at different time points. This time staggering design helps to reduce the mutual interference and cross-interference between optical signals, thereby improving the signal quality and stability of the system. Especially in the case of high-speed data transmission or dense signal transmission, time staggering can effectively reduce the impact of crosstalk and cross harmonics, ensuring that each signal can be accurately identified and processed. Another important purpose is to optimize the coupling efficiency of the fiber array. Since each optical fiber in the fiber array corresponds to an optical coupling module, correct time control can ensure that each sub-modulated optical signal is aligned with the corresponding coupling module when entering the optical fiber. In this way, the coupling efficiency and transmission efficiency of the signal can be maximized, reducing the loss and attenuation of optical signals, thereby ensuring the performance and stability of the system.

[0042] Polarization is a property that describes the vibration direction of light waves. It can vibrate along any direction, but the vibration amplitude is the largest in a certain specific direction. In optical communication, the polarization state is crucial for the transmission performance and stability of optical signals. Therefore, the main task of the polarization control unit is to adjust and control the polarization state of the modulated optical signal to optimize the transmission characteristics of the signal. The polarization control unit usually uses devices such as polarization controllers or polarization regulators to achieve the adjustment of the polarization state of optical signals. These devices can achieve the adjustment and rotation of the polarization direction by controlling the polarization elements (such as polarizers or polarization beam splitters) through which the optical signals pass. By changing the polarization state, the propagation characteristics of optical signals in the optical fiber can be affected, thereby achieving the optimization of transmission performance. One of the purposes is to optimize the transmission characteristics of optical signals. Optical signals with different polarization states will be attenuated and distorted to different degrees when transmitted in the optical fiber. By adjusting the polarization state, the polarization loss and polarization mode distortion during transmission can be minimized to the greatest extent, thereby improving the transmission quality and stability of the signal. Especially in the case of long-distance transmission or high-speed data transmission, optimizing the polarization state can significantly reduce the attenuation and distortion of the signal, improving the performance and reliability of the system. Another important purpose is to improve the adaptability and flexibility of the system. Since different optical communication systems may be affected by different degrees of polarization dependence and environmental interference, the ability to flexibly adjust the polarization state is required. The polarization control unit can dynamically adjust the polarization state of the optical signal according to actual needs to adapt to different transmission environments and communication conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of the system.

[0043] Embodiment 2: The light source module is a helium-neon laser; the optical coupling module is a grating; the optical detection module is a photodiode array; the arrangement of the photodiodes in the photodiode array is the same as the arrangement of the optical fibers in the fiber array, and each photodiode corresponds to an optical fiber.

[0044] Specifically, a helium-neon laser is a commonly used gas laser, and its working principle is to generate laser light by the discharge excitation of a mixture of helium and neon gases. The characteristics of a helium-neon laser include stable output power, narrow spectral line width, and tunable wavelength range. In the coherent optical module, the helium-neon laser, as the light source module, can provide high-quality and stable optical signals for subsequent modulation and transmission. A grating is an optical element that can disperse the incident optical signal into different spectral components according to a certain wavelength. In this embodiment, the grating is used as the optical coupling module, and its function is to disperse the input optical signal into a light beam composed of multiple wavelengths and couple them into different optical fibers in the fiber array. Through the optical coupling effect of the grating, each optical fiber receives optical signals of different wavelengths from the helium-neon laser, realizing the coupling and transmission of multiple optical signals. A photodiode is a photoelectric conversion device, and its working principle is to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal. In this embodiment, the photodiode array is used as the optical detection module to detect and receive the optical signals transmitted in the fiber array. Each photodiode corresponds to an optical fiber in the fiber array, and its arrangement is the same as the arrangement of the optical fibers. This correspondence ensures that the optical signal transmitted by each optical fiber can be detected by the corresponding photodiode, realizing the accurate reception and detection of the optical signal.

[0045] Embodiment 3: The optical fibers in the fiber array are all single-mode optical fibers; the optical fibers in the fiber array are arranged in a circle and arranged around the central axis in a circular arrangement, presenting a circular shape in the cross-section; all the optical fibers in the fiber array have the same length and diameter.

[0046] Specifically, in Embodiment 3, the selection of the single-mode optical fiber is based on the requirements of the optical communication system for transmission quality and stability. The single-mode optical fiber has a smaller core diameter and transmission mode, and can transmit optical signals of a single mode, with lower dispersion and loss. This characteristic makes the single-mode optical fiber have advantages in applications such as long-distance transmission and high-speed data transmission, and can ensure high-quality transmission and low loss of optical signals. Secondly, the optical fibers in the fiber array are arranged in a circular shape and arranged around the central axis. This arrangement helps to reduce the loss and crosstalk of optical signals during transmission. The circular arrangement of the optical fibers enables the optical signals to maintain uniform radiation characteristics during transmission, reduces the contact between the optical signals and the fiber wall surface, and reduces the loss of optical signals. At the same time, the arrangement around the central axis maintains a uniform spacing and symmetry between the optical fibers, making the transmission of optical signals more stable and reliable. Finally, all the optical fibers have the same length and diameter. This design ensures that the transmission characteristics of optical signals between different optical fibers are consistent, simplifies the manufacturing and assembly processes of the system. The optical fibers with the same length can ensure that the transmission time of optical signals between different optical fibers is the same, avoid the signal time delay inconsistency, and improve the stability and consistency of the system. And the optical fibers with the same diameter ensure that the transmission loss, dispersion and other characteristics of optical signals between different optical fibers are similar, further improving the performance and reliability of the system.

[0047] Embodiment 4: When the light source module generates an input optical signal, let the total power of the light source be P; the initial spot radius of the light beam be w 0 ; the beam radius at a distance z from the light source module be w(z); then the input optical signal is represented by the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] First, l(r,z) in the formula represents the light intensity at a given radial distance r and axial distance z along the optical axis. This means that the formula describes the light intensity distribution of the light beam in the transverse and longitudinal positions. The transverse position of the light beam is represented by the radial distance r, and the position along the optical axis is represented by the distance z. Secondly, the exponential term in the formula describes the transverse light intensity distribution of the light beam. This part adopts the form of a Gaussian distribution, where r in the exponential term represents the radial distance relative to the optical axis, and w(z) represents the beam radius at a distance z from the light source module. This formula expresses the change of the light beam spot with distance, that is, the spot gradually spreads and broadens as the distance increases. The coefficient -2 in the exponent represents the attenuation rate of the light intensity with distance, which is related to the broadening of the light beam. The faster the broadening, the faster the attenuation rate. Finally, Represents the power density of the total power P of the light source module per unit area, which is the normalization factor of the light intensity. This part describes the total power of the optical signal generated by the light source module and normalizes it to the unit area so that the light intensity can be directly related to the total power of the light source.

[0050] Where: r represents the radial distance relative to the optical axis, i.e., the transverse position of the light beam; z represents the distance along the optical axis, i.e., the longitudinal position of the light beam; I(r,z) represents the light intensity at a given radial distance r and distance z along the optical axis.

[0051]

[0052] Where: z 0 is the central position of the light source; z R is the Rayleigh distance, defined as where λ is the optical wavelength.

[0053] Specifically, w(z) represents the beam radius at a distance z from the light source module, which describes how the transverse size of the light beam changes with distance. This formula adopts the propagation formula of Gaussian beam, where w 0 is the initial spot radius of the beam, z 0 is the central position of the light source, z R is the Rayleigh distance. The Rayleigh distance is an important optical parameter, which represents the balance point between the self-focusing property and the diffraction property of the light beam. Specifically, when the propagation distance of the light beam is less than the Rayleigh distance, the diffraction effect dominates and the light beam will spread; while when the propagation distance is greater than the Rayleigh distance, the self-focusing effect begins to appear and the light beam will converge. Therefore, the Rayleigh distance is an important reference value in the process of light beam propagation. Then, in the formula describes the change of the beam radius with the distance z. This formula expresses how the transverse size of the light beam changes with distance, that is, the light beam gradually spreads and broadens as the propagation distance increases. Among them, the denominator part describes the ratio of the offset of the light beam from the central position z 0 to the Rayleigh distance. As the distance z increases, this ratio will gradually increase, resulting in the broadening effect of the light beam. Finally, w(z) in the formula represents the beam radius at a distance z from the light source module. This formula is calculated by multiplying the initial spot radius w 0 by a coefficient, which is calculated according to the ratio of the offset of the light beam from the central position to the Rayleigh distance.

[0054] Example 5: Let the light intensity when the input optical signal reaches the optical modulation module be I in; The optical modulation module uses the principle of light interference to modulate the input optical signal. It includes two optical paths. The input optical signal of one optical path is modulated, and the other optical path remains unchanged. By adjusting the optical path difference of the optical paths, the modulation of the input optical signal is achieved. The modulated optical signal is represented by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] where, I out (x, y) is the light intensity of the modulated optical signal; m is the modulation depth, representing the modulation intensity of the optical modulation module; ΔL is the optical path difference between the two interfering optical paths; φ(x, y) is the phase modulation of the light beam;

[0057] ΔL = L 0 + ΔnL mod ;

[0058] where, L 0 is the initial optical path difference between the two optical paths; Δn is the refractive index change caused by the modulation signal; L mod is the modulation length of the optical modulation module; (x, y) is the spatial coordinate; V is the voltage of the optical modulation module; V π is the so-called π-phase voltage, representing the voltage that causes a π-radian change in the phase of light.

[0059] Specifically, I out (x, y) in the formula represents the light intensity of the modulated optical signal, and I in is the light intensity when the input optical signal reaches the optical modulation module. This formula describes the light intensity distribution of the input optical signal modulated by the optical modulation module through the interference effect. Secondly, the first part in the formula describes the light intensity change caused by interference. This part adopts the form of a cosine function, where m is the modulation depth, representing the modulation intensity of the optical modulation module. ΔL is the optical path difference between the two interfering optical paths, which is composed of the initial optical path difference L 0 and the refractive index change Δn caused by the modulation signal and the modulation length L mod . This term describes the optical signal superposition effect in the interfering optical paths, and realizes the interference modulation of the optical signal by adjusting the optical path difference. When the optical path difference changes, the interference effect will cause periodic changes in the light intensity, thereby realizing the modulation control of the optical signal. Finally, the second part in the formula describes the light intensity change caused by phase modulation. This term adopts the form of a sine function, where V is the voltage of the optical modulation module, and V πis the voltage that causes a phase change of π radians in light. By adjusting the voltage V, phase modulation of the optical signal can be achieved, thereby affecting the optical intensity of the optical signal. This term describes the influence of phase modulation on the optical intensity, thus realizing the control of the phase modulation of the optical signal. The function of the optical modulation module is to modulate the input optical signal, that is, to change certain characteristics of the optical signal, such as optical intensity or phase, to achieve specific functions or transmission requirements. In Embodiment 5, the optical modulation module uses the principle of light interference and the method of phase modulation to modulate the input optical signal, achieving precise control and adjustment of the optical signal. Secondly, the optical modulation module modulates the optical signal through the interference effect. This process involves two optical paths, where the input optical signal of one optical path is modulated and the other optical path remains unchanged. By adjusting the optical path difference of the optical paths, interference modulation of the input optical signal is achieved. When the optical path difference changes, the interference effect causes the optical intensity of the optical signal to change periodically, thus realizing the control of the interference modulation of the optical signal. Then, the optical modulation module modulates the optical signal through phase modulation. This process realizes the phase modulation of the optical signal by adjusting the voltage of the optical modulation module. Phase modulation uses voltage to change the refractive index of the optical medium, thereby changing the phase of light and further affecting the optical intensity of the optical signal. By adjusting the voltage, precise control of the phase of the optical signal can be achieved, thus realizing the control of the phase modulation of the optical signal. Finally, the optical modulation module in Embodiment 5 also considers the concept of modulation depth. Modulation depth is an important parameter of the optical modulation module, indicating the modulation intensity of the optical modulation module. By adjusting the modulation depth, the modulation degree of the optical signal can be adjusted to achieve flexible adjustment of the optical signal.

[0060] Embodiment 6: The polarization control unit changes the polarization state of the modulated optical signal by applying an electric field in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the modulated optical signal, so as to achieve the control and adjustment of the polarization state of the modulated optical signal; let the electric field be α, and use the matrix J to represent the modulation results of the polarization control unit on the modulated optical signal in four directions:

[0061]

[0062] where, J 11 This element represents the change of the horizontal polarization component of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit, which is the intensity of the horizontal polarization component of the original horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit; J 12 This element represents the relationship between the horizontal polarization component of the input light and the vertical polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit. It describes the intensity of the vertical polarization component generated by the original horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit; J 21This element describes the relationship between the vertical polarization component of the input light after passing through the polarization control unit and the horizontal polarization component, and describes the intensity of the horizontal polarization component generated after the original vertical polarization component passes through the polarization control unit; J 22 : This element represents the change of the vertical polarization component of the input light after passing through the polarization control unit, and describes the intensity of the vertical polarization component after the original vertical polarization component passes through the polarization control unit.

[0063] Specifically, first of all, the role of the polarization control unit is to control and adjust the polarization state of the modulated optical signal. In many optical applications, the polarization state of the optical signal is an important parameter that can affect the transmission performance and characteristics of the optical signal in the optical device. Therefore, by adjusting the polarization state, the modulation, analysis and processing of the optical signal can be achieved to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Secondly, the polarization control unit uses an electric field to modulate the optical signal. By applying an electric field on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the modulated optical signal, the polarization state of the light can be changed. This process utilizes the electro-optic effect, that is, the optical properties of the optical medium change under the action of the electric field, resulting in a change in the polarization state of the light. By adjusting the intensity of the applied electric field, precise control of the polarization state of the optical signal can be achieved. Next, the matrix J is used in the formula to describe the modulation results of the modulated optical signal in four directions by the polarization control unit. This matrix contains four elements J 11 , J 12 , J 21 and J 22, respectively describe the changes in the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit. Through these elements, the modulation effect of the polarization control unit on different polarization components can be understood, and then precise polarization state control can be carried out. Finally, the role of the polarization control unit is also reflected in the control of the modulation depth. The modulation depth is an important parameter of the polarization control unit, indicating the degree of modulation of the polarization state of the optical signal. By adjusting the modulation depth, the modulation intensity of the polarization control unit on the optical signal can be adjusted, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the polarization state. The polarization state describes the property of the vibration direction of the light wave during propagation. Generally, the polarization state of the light wave can be divided into different types such as horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, and 45-degree linear polarization. In the fields of optical communication and sensing, controlling and adjusting the polarization state of the optical signal is of great significance and can affect the transmission performance and characteristics of the optical signal. The polarization control unit modulates the optical signal using an electric field. This process is based on the electro-optic effect, that is, the optical properties of the optical medium change under the action of an electric field. By applying an electric field in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the modulated optical signal, the polarization state of the light can be changed. When the electric field acts on the optical medium, the polarizability in the medium changes, which in turn causes changes in the phase and amplitude of the light, ultimately affecting the polarization state of the light. The modulation effect of the polarization control unit can be described by a matrix J. This matrix contains four elements J 11 、J 12 、J 21 and J 22 , respectively describe the changes in the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit. Through these elements, the modulation effect of the polarization control unit on different polarization components can be understood, and then precise polarization state control can be carried out. The modulation depth is an important parameter of the polarization control unit, indicating the degree of modulation of the polarization state of the optical signal. By adjusting the modulation depth, the modulation intensity of the polarization control unit on the optical signal can be adjusted, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the polarization state. The greater the modulation depth, the more obvious the change in the polarization state and the stronger the modulation effect.

[0064] Example 7: The four elements in matrix J are calculated using the following formulas:

[0065] J 11 = cos 2 θ+(1 - cos 2 θ)cos(2α);

[0066] J 12 = (1 - cos 2 θ)sin(2α);

[0067] J 21 = (1 - cos 2 θ)sin(2α);

[0068] J 22 = sin 2 θ+(1 - sin 2 θ)cos(2α);

[0069] Where θ is the angle between the incident angle of the modulated optical signal and the polarization direction of the polarization control unit.

[0070] Specifically, J 11 describes the change of the horizontal polarization component of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit. It is jointly determined by the incident angle θ of the modulated optical signal and the intensity α of the electric field applied by the polarization control unit. The first term cos 2 θ of the formula describes the intensity change of the horizontal polarization component of the original horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit, while the second term (1 - cos 2 θ)cos(2α) describes the intensity of the vertical polarization component generated by the horizontal polarization component under the action of the polarization control unit. This formula expresses the modulation effect of the horizontal polarization component under the action of the polarization control unit. Secondly, J 12 and J 21 describe the relationship between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component. They reflect the intensity of the vertical polarization component generated by the original horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit and the intensity of the horizontal polarization component generated by the original vertical polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit. These two formulas describe the cross-modulation effect of the polarization control unit on the horizontal and vertical polarization components, that is, when modulating one polarization component, it may affect the other polarization component. Finally, J 22 describes the change of the vertical polarization component of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit. It is also jointly determined by the incident angle θ of the modulated optical signal and the intensity α of the electric field applied by the polarization control unit. The first term sin 2 θ of the formula describes the intensity change of the vertical polarization component of the original vertical polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit, while the second term (1 - sin 2 θ)cos(2α) describes the intensity of the horizontal polarization component generated by the vertical polarization component under the action of the polarization control unit. This formula expresses the modulation effect of the vertical polarization component under the action of the polarization control unit.

[0071] First, the function of the polarization control unit is to control and adjust the polarization state of the modulated optical signal. In the fields of optical communication and sensing, the polarization state of the optical signal is an important parameter, which can affect the transmission performance and characteristics of the optical signal in optical devices. Therefore, by adjusting the polarization state, modulation, analysis, and processing of the optical signal can be achieved, so as to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. Secondly, the matrix J in Embodiment 7 describes the modulation effect of the polarization control unit on the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the modulated optical signal. The four elements J 11 、J 12 、J 21 and J 22 in the matrix respectively describe the changes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit. By calculating these elements, the modulation effect of the polarization control unit on different polarization components can be understood, and then precise polarization state control can be carried out. Then, the modulation effect of the polarization control unit can be analyzed through the elements in the matrix J. For example, J 11 represents the change of the horizontal polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit, J 22 represents the change of the vertical polarization component after passing through the polarization control unit, and J 12 and J 21 describe the relationship between the horizontal and vertical polarization components. By analyzing these elements, the modulation effect of the polarization control unit on the polarization state of the optical signal can be understood, and then precise adjustment can be carried out. Finally, the formula in Embodiment 7 describes the process of calculating the four elements in the matrix J, and these elements directly reflect the influence of the polarization control unit on the modulated optical signal. By calculating these elements, the modulation effect of the polarization control unit on the polarization state of the optical signal can be understood, and then precise polarization state control can be carried out.

[0072] Embodiment 8: The optical coupling module includes: an optical coupler and a lens; when the optical coupler couples each sub-modulated signal into the fiber array, it also passes through the lens, and the lens focuses each sub-modulated signal into one fiber, and each sub-modulated signal corresponds to one fiber.

[0073] Specifically, first, an optical coupler is an important optical device used to transmit optical signals from one optical system to another. Here, the role of the optical coupler is to transmit each sub-modulation signal from the optical modulation module to the corresponding optical fiber in the fiber array. Optical couplers usually rely on different physical principles, such as diffraction, reflection, refraction, etc., to achieve the transmission and coupling of optical signals. Through the optical coupler, the modulated optical signal can be effectively guided into the optical fiber to ensure the efficient transmission of the optical signal. Secondly, the lens plays a focusing role in the optical coupling module. When the modulated optical signal is coupled into the fiber array through the optical coupler, the lens focuses each sub-modulation signal onto the corresponding optical fiber. The role of the lens is to adjust the beam diameter and focal length of the optical signal so that the optical signal can be accurately focused at the entrance of the optical fiber. The advantage of this is that it can improve the efficiency of optical coupling, reduce the loss of optical signals, and thus ensure the transmission quality and stability of optical signals. Then, the lens in the optical coupling module has important optical properties, such as focal length, diameter, and refractive index, etc. These parameters need to be designed and selected according to the characteristics of the optical signal and the requirements of the optical fiber to ensure that the optical signal can be effectively focused into the optical fiber and maintain the transmission performance of the optical signal. The design and manufacture of the lens need to consider the overall requirements of the optical system to achieve the best optical coupling effect.

[0074] Example 9: The transfer function of the lens is expressed by the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] where H is the transfer function of the lens; ρ is the radial distance on the lens surface; D is the distance from the lens to the optical fiber; a is the radius of the lens; ω is the angular frequency of the sub-modulation signal; t is the time delay, corresponding to the delay of each sub-modulated optical signal; i is the imaginary symbol; φ represents the angle between the sub-modulation signal and the radial direction on the lens surface when passing through the lens.

[0077] Specifically, the double integral in the formula represents the integration over the radial distance ρ and the angle φ with the radial direction on the lens surface. This integral represents the contribution of the optical signal at each point on the lens surface and covers the entire surface of the lens. The exponential term contains the optical path difference. The path difference is the path length of the optical signal from the lens surface to the optical fiber, which depends on the distance D from the lens to the optical fiber, the radial distance ρ, the angle φ with the radial direction, and the wavelength λ of the light. This term describes the focusing effect of the lens on the optical signal, that is, the degree to which the lens focuses the optical signal into the optical fiber. The entire formula also contains the time term e -iωt, which describes the time delay effect of the sub-modulation signal. The angular frequency ω represents the oscillation frequency of the sub-modulation signal, and t represents the time delay, corresponding to the delay of each sub-modulated optical signal. This term describes the response of the lens to optical signals at different times, that is, the transmission delay effect of the lens on optical signals. The overall formula represents the transfer function H of the lens. The transfer function is a complex function that reflects the response of the lens to optical signals of different frequencies and directions. By calculating the transfer function, the transmission characteristics of the lens for optical signals can be understood, including changes in the amplitude and phase of the optical signals.

[0078] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coherent optical module optical fiber array, characterized in that: It includes: Light source module, light modulation module, light control module, light coupling module, optical fiber array and light detection module; The light source module is used to generate an input light signal; The optical modulation module is used to modulate the input optical signal to obtain a modulated optical signal; the optical control module includes: a polarization control unit, a beam splitting unit and an optical delay unit; the polarization control unit is used to control and adjust the polarization state of the modulated optical signal; the beam splitting unit is used to split the modulated optical signal into N sub-modulated optical signals; the optical delay unit is used to delay each sub-modulated optical signal for different times, so that each sub-modulated optical signal enters the optical coupling module at a different time; the optical coupling module is used to couple each sub-modulated signal to an optical fiber in the optical fiber array, and each sub-modulated signal corresponds to an optical fiber; the optical fiber array includes N optical fibers, which transmit the received sub-modulated signal to the optical detection module; the optical detection module is used to detect and receive each sub-modulated signal; the light source module is a helium-neon laser; the optical coupling module is a grating; the optical detection module is a photodiode array; the arrangement of the photodiodes in the photodiode array is the same as the arrangement of the optical fibers in the optical fiber array, and each photodiode corresponds to an optical fiber.

2. The coherent optical module optical fiber array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fibers in the optical fiber array are all single-mode optical fibers; the optical fibers in the optical fiber array are arranged in a circle and around a central axis, and appear circular in cross section; all the optical fibers in the optical fiber array have the same length and diameter.

3. The coherent optical module optical fiber array according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the light source module generates an input light signal, the total power of the light source is P; the initial spot radius of the light beam is w0; the beam radius at a distance z from the light source module is w(z); the input light signal is represented by the following formula: Where: r represents the radial distance relative to the optical axis, that is, the lateral position of the light beam; z represents the distance along the optical axis, that is, the longitudinal position of the light beam; I(r,z) represents the light intensity at a given radial distance r and distance z along the optical axis; Where: z0 is the center position of the light source; z R is the Rayleigh distance, defined as where λ is the wavelength of light.

4. The coherent optical module optical fiber array according to claim 3, characterized in that: Assume that the light intensity of the input optical signal when it reaches the optical modulation module is I in The optical modulation module uses the interference principle of light to modulate the input optical signal. It includes two optical paths, one of which has an input optical signal that is modulated and the other remains unchanged. The input optical signal is modulated by adjusting the optical path difference of the optical path. The modulated optical signal is expressed using the following formula: Among them, I out (x, y) is the light intensity of the modulated optical signal; m is the modulation depth, which indicates the modulation intensity of the optical modulation module; ΔL is the optical path difference between the two interfering optical paths; φ(x, y) is the phase modulation of the light beam; ΔL=L0+ΔnL mod ; Where L0 is the initial optical path difference between the two optical paths; Δn is the refractive index change caused by the modulation signal; L mod is the modulation length of the optical modulation module; (x, y) is the spatial coordinate; V is the voltage of the optical modulation module; V π This is the so-called π phase voltage, which means a voltage that changes the phase of light by π radians.

5. The coherent optical module optical fiber array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polarization control unit applies an electric field on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the modulated optical signal to change the polarization state of the modulated optical signal, thereby controlling and adjusting the polarization state of the modulated optical signal. Let the electric field be α, and use the matrix J to represent the modulation results of the modulated optical signal in four directions by the polarization control unit: Among them, J 11 This element represents the change of the horizontal polarization component of the modulated optical signal after passing through the polarization control unit. It is the intensity of the horizontal polarization component after the original horizontal polarization component passes through the polarization control unit. 12 This element represents the relationship between the horizontal polarization component of the input light after passing through the polarization control unit and the vertical polarization component. It describes the intensity of the vertical polarization component generated after the original horizontal polarization component passes through the polarization control unit. 21 This element describes the relationship between the vertical polarization component of the input light after passing through the polarization control unit and the horizontal polarization component, and describes the intensity of the horizontal polarization component generated after the original vertical polarization component passes through the polarization control unit; J 22 : This element represents the change of the vertical polarization component of the input light after passing through the polarization control unit, and describes the intensity of the vertical polarization component after the original vertical polarization component passes through the polarization control unit.

6. The coherent optical module optical fiber array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The four elements in matrix J are calculated using the following formula: J 11 =cos 2 θ+(1-cos 2 θ)cos(2a); J 12 =(1-cos 2 θ)sin(2a); J 21 =(1-cos 2 θ)sin(2a); J 22 =sin 2 θ+(1-sin 2 θ)cos(2a); Wherein, θ is the angle between the incident angle of the modulated light signal and the polarization direction of the polarization control unit.

7. The coherent optical module optical fiber array according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optical coupling module includes: an optical coupler and a lens; when the optical coupler couples each sub-modulation signal into the optical fiber array, it also passes through the lens, and the lens focuses each sub-modulation signal into one optical fiber, and each sub-modulation signal corresponds to one optical fiber.

8. The coherent optical module optical fiber array according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transfer function of a lens is expressed as follows: Wherein, H is the transfer function of the lens; ρ is the radial distance on the lens surface; D is the distance from the lens to the optical fiber; a is the radius of the lens; ω is the angular frequency of the sub-modulated signal; t is the time delay corresponding to the delay of each sub-modulated optical signal; i is the imaginary sign; φ represents the angle between the sub-modulated signal and the radial direction on the lens surface when passing through the lens.

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