An electromagnetic-friction energy harvesting device for collecting wave energy

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electromagnetic-friction hybrid wave vibration energy harvester driven by a rotating pendulum. It includes a copper coil, a magnet, a bevel gear, a supporting copper column, an electron-depleting material plate, a copper electrode plate, a rotating magnet pendulum, an insulating material plate, and a circular plate. The top eccentric pendulum sensitively receives low-frequency wave excitations in all directions, converts the change in the center of gravity into the rotational motion of the pendulum, and drives the operation of the entire device. At the same time, compared with other hybrid electromagnetic-friction energy harvesters, the electromagnetic part of this device uses mechanical gears to improve the power generation efficiency of the electromagnetic part, reducing the space occupied and making it easier to place more power supply equipment and sensors. In addition, the friction nanogenerator (TENG) part uses rabbit hair and thin film for soft contact friction, which improves the durability and output performance of the friction part. This hybrid energy harvester can effectively collect low-frequency wave vibrations to provide power for existing low-power sensors in the ocean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental energy capture, and in particular relates to an electromagnetic-friction energy harvesting device for harvesting wave energy. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors are appearing in every corner of the world. Due to their low power requirements, they are widely and sparsely distributed, and some sensors are deployed in inaccessible locations such as oceans and mountainous terrain. The ocean is particularly difficult to reach due to the inaccessibility of human infrastructure, which significantly limits the use of sensors in the ocean. Currently, batteries are the primary power source for sensors. While batteries offer the advantages of high energy density and portability, the development of chemical batteries has lagged behind other areas of electronic technology. Batteries must be replaced or recharged after extended use, often limiting the power supply of sensors distributed across the ocean. Therefore, the idea of ​​replacing the batteries in these millions of sensors with self-powered systems, powered by ambient energy, has rekindled the interest of researchers.

[0003] Among the currently proposed low-frequency energy harvesting technologies, TENG, as a new energy harvesting method, offers significant advantages such as light weight, ease of manufacture, a wide range of materials, small size, and high power density. However, frictional losses limit its widespread application in products. However, when using a single energy harvesting and conversion solution, a large amount of potentially harvestable energy remains unused. To better utilize mechanical energy, we need to adopt energy harvesting models that combine multiple energy conversion schemes and reliable mechanical mechanisms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a soft-contact friction-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester based on ultra-low-frequency waves. This device adopts a rotating structure and uses an eccentric pendulum at the top to sensitively receive low-frequency wave excitation from all directions. The change in the center of gravity is converted into the rotational motion of the pendulum, driving the operation of the entire device. Compared with other hybrid electromagnetic-friction energy harvesters, the electromagnetic part of this device is mechanically up-converted by gear speed change. The mechanical gears improve the power generation efficiency of the electromagnetic part, reduce the space occupied, and facilitate the placement of more power supply equipment and sensors. In addition, the TENG part uses rabbit hair and thin film for soft contact friction, which improves the durability and output performance of the friction part.

[0005] To realize the present invention, the technical solution adopted is: a soft contact friction-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester based on ultra-low frequency waves, comprising:

[0006] A soft-contact friction-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester based on ultra-low frequency waves includes a fixed component, a latch, a rotating shaft, a counterweight mass, a connecting rod, an acrylic housing, a copper electrode plate, a PTFE sheet, rabbit hair, a rabbit hair adhesive sheet, a large bevel gear end, a small bevel gear end, a rotating magnet shaft, a magnet, a copper coil, a deep-groove ball bearing, a support rod, a lower circular plate, a rotating pendulum, a supporting copper column, and a one-way bearing. The fixed component is connected to the rotating shaft and the counterweight mass via a latch and a connecting rod, respectively, forming a rotating pendulum that drives the entire device. The copper electrode is composed of two cross-sections, each consisting of eight connected grid-like electrodes. The copper electrode plate is attached to the acrylic housing, and a PTFE sheet is attached to the other side of the copper electrode plate as an insulating material. Rabbit hair is attached to the rabbit hair adhesive sheet as an electron-dissipating material. The rabbit hair adhesive sheet is fixedly connected to the large bevel gear end and rotates with the large bevel gear end. When the rotating pendulum drives the rabbit hair pasting plate and the large end of the bevel gear to rotate, the copper electrode plate and PTFE plate are connected to the outer shell and do not rotate. The large end of the bevel gear is fixedly connected to the rotating pendulum through a rotating shaft, and the large end of the bevel gear and the small end of the bevel gear are meshed with each other. The one-way bearing is placed in the small end of the bevel gear, and the two one-way bearings rotate in opposite directions. One end of the rotating magnet shaft is connected to the small end of the bevel gear and the other end of the one-way bearing is connected to the magnet. The copper coil is placed in parallel on the upper and lower sides of the magnet. The two deep groove ball bearings and the support rod constitute a supporting structure, which plays the role of supporting the upper and lower structures and the rotating structure. The supporting copper column plays the role of supporting the upper and lower acrylic shells.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0008] 1. This invention uses rabbit hair for soft-contact triboelectric generation, which can effectively extend the life of the device compared to conventional contact-type triboelectric nanogenerators.

[0009] 2. Use friction-electromagnetic coupling to broaden the effective energy capture bandwidth and improve electromechanical conversion efficiency;

[0010] 3. Due to the uncertainty of the wave cycle and the inertia of the heavy object, the heavy object does not always have a constant rotation direction. By using a one-way bearing, the two rotating magnets each bear the motion inertia in one direction, reducing the loss of inertial energy when the heavy object changes its rotation direction;

[0011] 4. The copper electrode plate of the present invention has two electrodes, which has better charge transfer efficiency than other numbers of electrodes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 is a side view of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the TENG of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the EMG of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the EMG wave energy capture structure of the present invention;

[0017] Among them: 1: fixed component; 2: latch; 3: rotating shaft; 4: counterweight mass block; 5: connecting rod; 6: acrylic shell; 7: copper electrode plate; 8: PTFE plate; 9: rabbit hair; 10: rabbit hair adhesive plate; 11: large end of bevel gear; 12: small end of bevel gear; 13: rotating magnet shaft; 14: magnet; 15: copper coil; 16: deep groove ball bearing; 17: support rod; 18: lower circular plate; 19: rotating pendulum; 20: supporting copper column; 21: one-way bearing DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] A soft contact friction-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester based on ultra-low frequency waves, comprising a fixed component (1), a latch (2), a rotating shaft (3), a counterweight mass block (4), a connecting rod (5), an acrylic shell (6), a copper electrode plate (7), a PTFE plate (8), rabbit hair (9), a rabbit hair adhesive plate (10), a large end of a bevel gear (11), a small end of a bevel gear (12), a rotating magnet shaft (13), a magnet (14), a copper coil (15), a deep groove ball bearing (16), a support rod (17), a lower circular plate (18), a rotating pendulum (19), a supporting copper column (20), and a one-way bearing (21). The invention is characterized in that the fixed component (1) is connected to the rotating shaft (3) and the counterweight mass block (4) respectively through the latch (2) and the connecting rod (5), and the rotating pendulum (19) formed drives the rotation of the entire device. The copper electrode plate (7) is composed of two electrodes cross-assembled, and each electrode is composed of 8 connected grid electrodes. The copper electrode plate (7) is attached to the acrylic housing (6), and a PTFE plate (8) is attached to the other side of the copper electrode plate (7) as an insulating material. Rabbit hair (9) is attached to the rabbit hair adhesive plate (10) as an electron-dissipating material. The rabbit hair adhesive plate (10) is fixedly connected to the large end (11) of the bevel gear and rotates with the large end of the bevel gear. When the rotating pendulum (19) drives the rabbit hair adhesive plate (10) and the large end (11) of the bevel gear to rotate, the copper electrode plate (7) and the PTFE plate (8) are connected to the housing and do not rotate. The large end (11) of the bevel gear is fixedly connected to the rotating pendulum (19) through the rotating shaft (3), and the large end (11) of the bevel gear and the small end (12) of the bevel gear are meshed with each other. The one-way bearing (21) is placed in the small end (12) of the bevel gear, and the two one-way bearings (21) rotate in opposite directions. One end of the rotating magnet shaft (13) is connected to the small end of the bevel gear (12) and the one-way bearing (21), and the other end is connected to the magnet. The copper coil (15) is placed parallel to the upper and lower sides of the magnet (14). The two deep groove ball bearings (16) and the support rod (17) form a support structure that supports the upper and lower structures and the rotating structure. The supporting copper column (20) supports the upper and lower acrylic shells (6).

[0019] Working principle: The rotating mass block (4) swings within a 360° range with the external low-frequency motion. The rotating mass block (4) drives the rabbit hair adhesive plate (10) to rotate, and the rabbit hair (9) and the PTFE plate (8) fixed to the acrylic shell (6) are frictionally charged. Then, due to the relative rotation of the hair and PTFE, free electrons are induced to transfer between the two Cu electrodes, generating displacement current and realizing friction power generation. At the same time, the rotating pendulum (19) drives the large end of the bevel gear (11) to rotate. Since the small end of the bevel gear (12) is engaged with the large end of the bevel gear (11), during the rotation of the small end of the bevel gear (12), the rotating magnet shaft (13) connected to the small end of the bevel gear (12) drives the magnet (14) to rotate between the copper coil (15), cutting the magnetic flux lines to generate current and realize electromagnetic energy collection.

[0020] Preferably, the rotating pendulum (19) is made of a lightweight material, and increasing the mass of the counterweight mass block (4) can increase the moment of inertia of the rotating pendulum (4).

[0021] Preferably, increasing the gear ratio between the bevel gear large end (11) and the bevel gear small end (12) can increase the rotation frequency of the magnet and increase the collected energy.

[0022] It should be noted that the above-mentioned technical features are further combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, which are all deemed to be within the scope of the present invention; and, for ordinary technicians in this field, they can be improved or transformed according to the above description, and all these improvements and transformations should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-frequency soft-contact friction-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester, characterized in that: include: The housing includes upper and lower circular plates and supporting copper columns, wherein the upper and lower circular plates are horizontally placed with the supporting copper columns as a spacing, and the supporting copper columns are perpendicular to the upper and lower circular plates and fixedly connected to the upper and lower circular plates; A rotating pendulum comprises a counterweight mass, a connecting rod, a rotating shaft, a fixing part and a latch. The counterweight mass is connected to a fixing part via the connecting rod. The fixing part is hollow. The rotating pendulum is inserted into the fixing part. The rotating pendulum and the fixing part have latch holes at the same position and are fixed by the latch. A triboelectric nanogenerator device includes an electron-loss material plate, an insulating material plate, a copper electrode plate, and a bevel gear. The rotating pendulum is used as an axis, and from top to bottom, the copper electrode plate, the insulating material plate, and the electron-loss material plate are fixedly connected to the bevel gear. The insulating material plate and the copper electrode plate are fixedly connected to the upper circular plate. The rotating pendulum passes through the upper circular plate, the electron-loss material plate, the insulating material plate, and the copper electrode plate, and its lower end is fixed to the bevel gear. The electromagnetic energy collection device includes a coil, a rotating magnet shaft, a magnet, and a one-way bearing. The large end of the bevel gear is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating rocker arm. A limit groove is provided on the surface of the lower circular plate, and a magnet that can rotate with the small end of the bevel gear. The coil is arranged in the limit groove of the lower circular plate. The rotating magnet shaft passes through the lower circular plate, one end of which is connected to the small end of the bevel gear through the one-way bearing, and the other end is connected to the magnet. The large and small ends of the bevel gears mesh with each other and the rotation axis is perpendicular. The small end of the bevel gear drives the magnet fixed on the rotating magnet shaft to rotate; The lower circular plate is connected to the large end of the bevel gear through a support rod and a deep groove ball bearing; The lower circular plate is hollowed out to allow the magnet to rotate. The magnet is connected to the small end of the bevel gear through a one-way bearing, the one-way bearings of the two magnets are in opposite directions and the two rotating magnet shafts are independent of each other; When the energy harvester is subjected to low-frequency wave energy, the rotating pendulum drives the electron-loss material plate and the large end of the bevel gear to rotate through the rotating shaft, causing the electron-loss material plate and the insulating material plate to rotate relative to each other and rub against each other, inducing electric charge on the copper electrode plate on the other side. At the same time, the magnet rotates between the upper and lower coils to synergistically generate electrical energy.

2. The low-frequency soft-contact friction-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight mass block is connected to the fixed accessory via a connecting rod, and the fixed accessory and the rotating shaft are connected to each other via the latch.

3. The low-frequency soft-contact friction-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron-loss material plate, insulating material plate and copper electrode plate are sequentially stacked on the rotating shaft of the rotating pendulum. The copper electrode is composed of two electrodes crossed and combined, and each electrode is composed of 8 connected grid electrodes.

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