A cultivation substrate prepared using organic waste and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of organic waste resource utilization, and specifically relates to a cultivation substrate prepared from organic waste and its preparation method. The cultivation substrate prepared from organic waste comprises the following raw materials: by weight, 17-25 parts of treated livestock and poultry manure, 37-41 parts of treated anaerobic digestion biogas residue, 8-12 parts of treated pine bark, and 0.04 parts of fermentation agent A. This cultivation substrate has good air permeability, water retention, and drainage; it is rich in nutrients, has a long-lasting fertilizing effect, inhibits the reproduction of pathogens, and promotes plant root growth. This preparation method, through pretreatment of different raw materials, meets the requirements of different materials for fermentation environment, cycle, and inoculum, shortens the fermentation time, and significantly improves the co-fermentation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic waste resource utilization, and in particular relates to a cultivation substrate prepared from organic waste and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] When used alone for fertilizer production, biogas residue suffers from problems such as poor nutrient release, low permeability, and slowed mycelial growth, making it unsuitable for direct use as a seedling substrate. Therefore, it is essential to effectively combine biogas residue with functional substances to improve its performance.

[0003] Current research has explored the use of two or more materials, such as livestock and poultry manure, sewage sludge, biogas residue, and kitchen waste, in co-composting with compound microbial agents. This not only adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials but also provides a large amount of biodegradable organic matter. However, issues such as varying fermentation conditions for different materials and competition between microbial agents and native bacteria lead to unsatisfactory composting results. In particular, livestock and poultry manure produces toxic and harmful gases with foul odors, such as thiols and sulfides, during fermentation, and a large amount of organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia under microbial decomposition, resulting in nitrogen loss.

[0004] With the widespread application of hydroponics technology, the demand for substrates is increasing. Currently, most countries in the world use gravel, vermiculite, perlite, expanded clay pebbles, and rock wool as fixation substrates. However, when these substrates are discarded, vermiculite, perlite, expanded clay pebbles, and rock wool cannot be degraded, causing pollution to the original soil. Pine bark, being loose, breathable, and readily available, can replace the above-mentioned fixation substrates, while also solving the problem of soil pollution after substrate disposal.

[0005] Pine bark can be mixed with materials that have good water and fertilizer retention capacity for fermentation before it is fully decomposed. Alternatively, it can be mixed with other substrates in proportion after it is fully decomposed to make up for the disadvantages of a single pine bark substrate, such as large gaps between particles, excessive ventilation, and rapid drying.

[0006] However, the inherent structural strength, antibacterial properties, high resin content, and unique wood fiber structure of pine bark make it more difficult to ferment than other organic materials such as sawdust and straw. It requires a longer fermentation time, has limited organic matter decomposition, and exhibits generally lower levels of maturity. Mixing it with other substrate materials for co-fermentation also presents challenges related to different fermentation environments and cycles, as well as competition among microbial strains.

[0007] Based on the above analysis, the existing technologies have the following problems: the aeration and water retention of a single material cannot meet the requirements of the cultivation substrate, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is unbalanced; the added functional substrate causes environmental pollution after disposal; and the different fermentation environments and cycles, as well as competition among microorganisms, during the co-fermentation of multiple materials, all lead to poor composting results.

[0008] The challenges in solving the above problems are as follows: finding simple, readily available, and pollution-free raw materials, and meeting the requirements of each material's fermentation environment, cycle, and strain during multi-material co-fermentation. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and, in response to the difficulties of the above problems, to provide a cultivation substrate prepared from organic waste and a preparation method thereof.

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following solution:

[0011] A cultivation substrate prepared from organic waste comprises the following components by weight: 17-25 parts of treated livestock and poultry manure, 37-41 parts of treated anaerobic digestion biogas residue, 8-12 parts of treated pine bark, and 0.04 parts of fermentation agent A.

[0012] Preferably, the fermentation agent A is a mixture of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, thiobacillus, and azotobacter chrysophyll.

[0013] The treated livestock and poultry manure comprises the following components by weight: 14-20 parts livestock and poultry manure, 3-5 parts straw, 0.3 parts superphosphate, and 0.01 parts fermentation agent B;

[0014] The fermentation agent B is a mixture of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus oryzae, and Enterococcus faecalis;

[0015] The anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment product comprises the following components: by weight, 25-35 parts anaerobic digestion biogas residue, 5-11 parts straw, 1-2 parts ammonium carbonate, and 0.02 parts fermentation agent C;

[0016] The anaerobic digestion residue is obtained through wet anaerobic technology;

[0017] The fermentation agent C is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus subtilis;

[0018] The pine bark treatment product comprises the following components by weight: 7-10 parts pine bark, 1-2 parts CO(NH2)2 (urea), 0.06-0.1 parts calcium carbonate, and 0.01 parts fermentation agent D;

[0019] The fermentation agent D is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, Bacteroides, Trichoderma styracifolium, and Protozoa chrysospora.

[0020] A method for preparing a cultivation substrate using organic waste includes the following steps:

[0021] Step (1), preparation of livestock and poultry manure: Crush straw to a particle size of 10-20mm and mix it with livestock and poultry manure to obtain mixture I. Control the moisture content of mixture I to be 45%-55%. Pile mixture I into a pile with a length-width-height ratio of 3:2:1. Inoculate fermentation agent B into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 30-80×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution was sprayed onto pile I, and a film was covered on pile I. After 45 days of fermentation in pile I, the livestock and poultry manure treatment product was obtained.

[0022] Step (2), preparation of anaerobic digestion residue: Crush straw to a particle size of 10-20mm and mix it with anaerobic digestion residue and ammonium carbonate to obtain mixture II. Control the moisture content of mixture II to be 50%-70%. Pile mixture II into a pile with a height of 1.5 meters, a width of 2 meters, and unlimited length. Inoculate fermentation agent C into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃. The effective viable count is 20-50 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution was sprayed onto pile II, and a film was covered on pile II. After fermentation in pile II for 14-21 days, the anaerobic digestion biogas residue was obtained.

[0023] Step (3), preparation of pine bark treatment: After crushing the pine bark, place it in a fermentation container and soak it in boiling water for 2-4 hours. After natural cooling, continue soaking, changing the water every 2-3 days. After soaking for 10-15 days, drain the water. Prepare a solution of calcium carbonate at 0.4-0.5 parts by weight and spray it evenly on the drained pine bark. After 7-10 days, test the pH of the pine bark to be 6.0-7.5. Add CO(NH2)2 to the pine bark and mix to obtain mixture III. Inoculate fermentation agent D into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 50-100×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution is sprayed onto mixture III, covered with film for 60-90 days, and then the film is removed to produce the pine bark treatment product;

[0024] Step (4): Place 17-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure treatment material, 37-41 parts of anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment material, and 8-12 parts of pine bark treatment material into the fermentation chamber and mix them evenly to obtain mixture IV;

[0025] Step (5): Inoculate fermentation agent A into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count reaches 40~70×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution is sprayed onto the mixture IV in the fermentation chamber in step 4, the chamber door is closed, and the fermentation chamber is run for 14-21 days to produce the cultivation substrate.

[0026] Preferably, in step (1), during the fermentation of pile I, the temperature is maintained at 35~50℃, the moisture content is maintained at 40%~50%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature is higher than 50℃, the film is removed and the pile is turned or tossed to cool down; when the moisture content is lower than 40%, water is added to 50% by sprinkling; when the oxygen content is lower than 5%, air is blown inside the film or the film is removed and the pile is turned to increase the oxygen content.

[0027] In step (2), during the fermentation of pile II, the temperature is maintained at 35~45℃, the moisture content is maintained at 45%~55%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature is higher than 50℃, the film is removed and the pile is turned or turned over to cool down. When the moisture content is lower than 40%, water is added to 50% by sprinkling. When the oxygen content is lower than 5%, the oxygen content is increased by blowing air inside the film or by removing the film and turning the pile. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio is greater than 40:1 and the moisture content is greater than 70%, the anaerobic digestion residue is centrifuged or squeezed to dehydrate.

[0028] In step (3), during the fermentation of mixture III, after the temperature rises to 50°C, the temperature is maintained at 50~60°C. When the temperature exceeds 65°C, the film is removed and the pine bark is stirred. When the moisture content is less than 40%, water is added by sprinkling to 50%±5%. When the temperature of mixture III drops to below 30°C, the film is removed to complete the preparation of the pine bark treatment.

[0029] In step (4), a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen detector, a stirring device, a spraying device, and a ventilation device are installed in the fermentation chamber.

[0030] In step (5), during the operation of the fermentation chamber, the temperature is maintained at 45~60℃, the relative humidity is maintained at 65%~70%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature inside the fermentation chamber is higher than 60℃, the temperature sensor activates the stirring device to stir the mixture IV inside the chamber. When the relative humidity inside the fermentation chamber is lower than 65%, the humidity sensor activates the spraying device to disperse water until the relative humidity reaches 70%. When the oxygen content inside the fermentation chamber is lower than 5%, the oxygen detector activates the ventilation device to ventilate until the oxygen content reaches 10%.

[0031] In steps (1) to (3) and (5), the liquid culture medium contains the following components: 4 g / L tryptone, 12 g / L yeast extract, 10 g / L sodium chloride, 2 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 2 g / L glucose. After adjusting the pH of the liquid culture medium to 7.1 to 7.4, it is sent to an autoclave and sterilized at 0.1 MPa and 121°C for 30 min.

[0032] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0033] (1) The raw materials of the cultivation substrate provided by the present invention are agricultural and garden wastes. The raw materials are readily available and inexpensive, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural and garden wastes.

[0034] (2) Pine bark is selected as the fixation substrate. The prepared cultivation substrate can eventually be degraded into organic matter required for plant growth and absorbed and utilized by the plants. It does not pollute the environment and has good air permeability, water retention and drainage.

[0035] (3) The microbial agent and preparation method provided by the present invention solve the problems of large loss of nitrogen and air pollution during the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, and can effectively utilize the insoluble phosphorus in livestock and poultry manure.

[0036] (4) The microbial agent and preparation method provided by the present invention increase the number and diversity of indigenous microorganisms in anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, promote the degradation of lignocellulose and the formation of humus, accelerate the humification process of biogas residue, and inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

[0037] (5) The fungicide and preparation method provided by the present invention can effectively promote the degradation of cellulose and lignin in pine bark and shorten the decomposition time of pine bark.

[0038] (6) Through the study of the fermentation characteristics of the above-mentioned different materials, the present invention provides a pretreatment method and microbial agent before multi-material co-fermentation, which solves the fermentation difficulties of the above-mentioned different materials. At the same time, it provides a method and microbial agent for multi-material co-fermentation, which also solves the difficulties in meeting the fermentation environment, cycle and microbial strain requirements of each material during multi-material co-fermentation, further promoting the effect of multi-material co-fermentation and reducing the odor concentration during the fermentation process.

[0039] (7) The cultivation substrate provided by the present invention can effectively inhibit the reproduction of pathogens, promote the growth of plant roots, be rich in organic matter, and utilize nitrogen in the air to maintain the fertilizer effect of the cultivation substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of this patent will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0041] A cultivation substrate prepared from organic waste, characterized in that the cultivation substrate prepared from organic waste is composed of the following raw materials: by weight, 17-25 parts of treated livestock and poultry manure, 37-41 parts of treated anaerobic digestion biogas residue, 8-12 parts of treated pine bark, and 0.04 parts of fermentation agent A.

[0042] The fermentation agent A is a mixture of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, thiobacillus, and azotobacter chrysophyll.

[0043] Bacillus laterosporus can secrete various digestive enzymes to decompose organic matter, synthesize various amino acids and vitamins, promote root growth, and inhibit the reproduction of pathogens. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in addition to directly inhibiting various plant pathogens such as tomato leaf mold and cucumber wilt, can also produce amylase to further decompose complex carbohydrates in livestock and poultry manure, anaerobic digestion residue, and pine bark, converting them into simple sugars that can be utilized by plants, thereby further increasing the nutrient content of the cultivation substrate described in this invention. The ammonia produced during fermentation is converted into nitrite and nitrate by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, which can be absorbed by plants, while also achieving deodorization. Thiobacillus can decompose hydrogen sulfide in odorous gases. Azotobacter chroococcus has a strong nitrogen-fixing ability, reducing atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which is then converted into nitrate by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, effectively maintaining the fertility of the cultivation substrate described in this invention. Azotobacter chroococcus can also secrete auxin, promoting plant growth and fruit development.

[0044] The treated livestock and poultry manure comprises the following raw materials: by weight, 14-20 parts livestock and poultry manure, 3-5 parts straw, 0.3 parts superphosphate, and 0.01 parts fermentation agent B. Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is goose manure.

[0045] During the aerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, the organic matter first undergoes ammoniation. Proteins, catalyzed by protease, are degraded into polypeptides, oligopeptides, and amino acids. Then, through deamination, the amino groups of the amino acids are separated, producing NH4. + Or NH3. During fermentation, nitrogen loss is primarily through the volatilization of NH3, significantly reducing the nitrogen content in the fermentation products and causing environmental safety problems such as air pollution and harm to human and animal health. Superphosphate can dissolve to produce H2O. + It plays a role in regulating the pH value of the pile, breaking down NH3 and NH4. + The balance between these factors allows nitrogen to exist as ammonium salts, reducing the volatilization of ammonia.

[0046] The fermentation agent B is a mixture of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus oryzae, and Enterococcus faecalis.

[0047] Bacillus coagulans can reduce the concentration of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure. Livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of phosphorus, with soluble total phosphorus accounting for approximately 50% of the total phosphorus. Bacillus megaterium can decompose the insoluble phosphorus in livestock and poultry manure, converting it into available inorganic phosphorus that can be absorbed and utilized by plants. Aspergillus oryzae can convert the organic matter in straw into nutrients needed for plant growth, increasing the organic matter content in the cultivation substrate. Enterococcus faecalis can not only decompose cellulose and hemicellulose in straw, but also dissolve phosphates and trace elements such as zinc in livestock and poultry manure, and secrete growth hormones to promote plant growth.

[0048] The anaerobic digestion biogas residue is composed of the following raw materials: by weight, 25-35 parts anaerobic digestion biogas residue, 5-11 parts straw, 1-2 parts ammonium carbonate, and 0.02 parts fermentation agent C. The anaerobic digestion biogas residue is the residue obtained after treating solid waste using wet anaerobic technology; preferably, the solid waste is kitchen waste or livestock manure.

[0049] The biogas residue after anaerobic fermentation is different from other organic wastes. It not only has a high moisture content, but also a high lignocellulose content. There is less organic matter that can be directly utilized by microorganisms, so it is necessary to add necessary conditioning agents to adjust the moisture content and provide sufficient nutrients for microorganisms.

[0050] The fermentation agent C is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus subtilis.

[0051] The fermentation agent C can increase the quantity and diversity of indigenous microorganisms in anaerobic fermentation biogas residue. Bacillus subtilis has antibacterial and bacteriolytic effects, and also has a high cellulose degradation capacity. Pseudomonas can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens through parasitism, competition, secretion of secondary metabolites, and induction of plant resistance, thereby reducing disease occurrence, promoting plant growth and development, and accumulating products; for example, its control efficacy against tomato leaf spot can reach 60%. Cork bacteria can promote the degradation of lignocellulose and the formation of humus, accelerating the humification process of biogas residue.

[0052] The pine bark treatment product is composed of the following raw materials: by weight, 7-10 parts pine bark, 1-2 parts CO(NH2)2 (urea), 0.06-0.1 parts calcium carbonate (lime powder), and 0.01 parts fermentation agent D.

[0053] Preferably, the pine bark is that of a coniferous pine.

[0054] The fermentation agent D is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, Bacteroides, Trichoderma styracifolium, and Protozoa chrysospora.

[0055] The cellulose and lignin in pine bark can provide nutrients and energy for microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria can decompose cellulose and lignin, which are difficult to decompose under normal conditions, and ferment and decompose organic matter. Bacteroides can decompose polysaccharides such as cellulose into oligosaccharides or short-chain fatty acids, and can avoid competition with cellulosomal or extracellular free-diffusion enzymes of other bacteria. Trichoderma longipes can produce cellulase, chitinase, and pectinase, making it an effective cellulose decomposer. It can also produce a variety of bioactive substances that antagonize plant pathogens (fungi, bacteria, and insects), thereby achieving the effects of disease prevention, root rot prevention, new root promotion, growth and strengthening, and nematode control. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a type of white-rot fungus with a very strong lignin-degrading effect. The fermentation agent D can effectively shorten the fermentation time of pine bark.

[0056] The method for preparing the cultivation substrate using organic waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step (1), Preparation of Livestock and Poultry Manure: According to the raw material formula, crush the straw to a particle size of 10-20mm and mix it with the livestock and poultry manure to obtain mixture I. Adjust the ratio of livestock and poultry manure and straw according to the moisture content of the raw materials, and control the moisture content of mixture I to be 45%-55%. Pile mixture I into a pile with a length-width-height ratio of 3:2:1. Inoculate fermentation agent B into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 30-80×10⁻⁶. 8 The cultured bacterial solution was sprayed onto pile I at CFU / g, and then covered with a film. After 45 days of fermentation in pile I, the treated livestock and poultry manure was obtained.

[0058] Step (2), Preparation of anaerobic digestion residue: According to the raw material formula, crush the straw to a particle size of 10-20mm and mix it with anaerobic digestion residue and ammonium carbonate to obtain mixture II. Adjust the ratio of anaerobic digestion residue and straw according to the moisture content of the raw materials, and control the moisture content of mixture II to 50%-70%. Pile mixture II into a pile with a height of 1.5 meters, a width of 2 meters, and unlimited length. Inoculate fermentation agent C into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃, with an effective viable count of 20-50 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The cultured bacterial solution was sprayed onto pile II at CFU / g, and then covered with a film. After fermentation in pile II for 14-21 days, the anaerobic digested biogas residue was obtained.

[0059] Step (3), Preparation of pine bark treatment: According to the raw material formula, crush the pine bark and place it in a fermentation container. Soak it in boiling water for 2-4 hours to kill insect eggs and pathogens, which is beneficial for the precipitation of some poorly soluble components of the pine bark. After natural cooling, continue soaking, changing the water every 2-3 days, and soaking continuously for 10-15 days before draining the water. According to the raw material formula, prepare a solution of calcium carbonate (lime powder) in 0.4-0.5 parts by weight, and spray it evenly on the drained pine bark. After 7-10 days, test the pH value of the pine bark to be 6.0-7.5. According to the raw material formula, add CO(NH2)2 (urea) to the pine bark and mix to obtain mixture III. According to the raw material formula, inoculate fermentation agent D into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 50-100×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution is sprayed onto mixture III, covered with a film for 60-90 days, and then the film is removed to produce the pine bark treatment product.

[0060] Step (4): The livestock and poultry manure treatment material, anaerobic digestion biogas residue, and pine bark treatment material are placed into the fermentation chamber according to the weight proportions mentioned above and mixed evenly to obtain mixture IV.

[0061] Step (5): Inoculate fermentation agent A into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count reaches 40~70×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution is sprayed onto the mixture IV in the fermentation chamber in step 4, the chamber door is closed, and the fermentation chamber is run for 14-21 days to produce the cultivation substrate.

[0062] Furthermore, the method for preparing the cultivation substrate using organic waste is characterized in that:

[0063] In step (1), during the fermentation of pile I, the temperature is maintained at 35~50℃, the moisture content is maintained at 40%~50%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature is higher than 50℃, the film is removed and the pile is turned or tossed to cool down; when the moisture content is lower than 40%, water is sprinkled to replenish the moisture to 50%; when the oxygen content is lower than 5%, air is blown inside the film or the film is removed and the pile is turned to increase the oxygen content.

[0064] In step (2), during the fermentation of compost pile II, the temperature is maintained at 35~45℃, the moisture content at 45%~55%, and the oxygen content at 5%~10%. When the temperature is above 45℃, the moisture content is below 45%, and the oxygen content is below 5%, the temperature, humidity, and oxygen content control methods in step 1 are adopted. In step 2, according to the raw material formula, the proportion of the anaerobic digestion residue and straw is increased or decreased. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture II is greater than 40:1 and the moisture content is greater than 70%, the anaerobic digestion residue needs to be centrifuged or squeezed to reduce the moisture content of the anaerobic digestion residue.

[0065] In step (3), during the fermentation of mixture III, after the temperature rises to 50℃, it needs to be maintained at 50~60℃. When the temperature exceeds 65℃, the film is removed and the pine bark is stirred. When the moisture content is below 40%, water is added by sprinkling to 50%±5%. When the temperature of the mixture drops below 30℃, the film is removed to complete the preparation of the pine bark treatment.

[0066] In step (4), the fermentation chamber is equipped with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen detector, a stirring device, a spraying device, and a ventilation device.

[0067] In step (5), during the operation of the fermentation chamber, the temperature is maintained at 45~60℃, the relative humidity is maintained at 65%~70%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature inside the fermentation chamber is higher than 60℃, the temperature sensor activates the stirring device to stir the mixture IV inside the chamber; when the relative humidity inside the fermentation chamber is lower than 65%, the humidity sensor activates the spraying device to disperse water until the relative humidity reaches 70%. If the humidity is too high, it is easy to cause incomplete fermentation or odor; if the humidity is too low, the reproduction rate of bacteria will slow down, and the ideal fermentation effect cannot be achieved; when the oxygen content inside the fermentation chamber is lower than 5%, the oxygen detector activates the ventilation device to ventilate until the oxygen content reaches 10%.

[0068] In steps (1) to (3) and (5), the liquid culture medium consists of: 4 g / L tryptone, 12 g / L yeast extract, 10 g / L sodium chloride, 2 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 2 g / L glucose. After adjusting the pH to 7.1 to 7.4, it is sent to an autoclave and sterilized at 0.1 MPa and 121°C for 30 min. Example

[0069] A method for preparing a cultivation substrate using organic waste, comprising the following steps:

[0070] Step (1), Preparation of livestock and poultry manure: Weigh 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5 parts of straw, and 0.01 parts of fermentation agent B by weight. Crush the straw to a particle size of 10-20 mm and mix it with the livestock and poultry manure to obtain mixture I. Pile mixture I into a pile with a length-width-height ratio of 3:2:1. Inoculate fermentation agent B into a liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count reaches 30-80 × 10⁻⁶. 8The cultured bacterial solution (CFU / g) was sprayed onto pile I, which was then covered with a film. After 45 days of fermentation in pile I, the treated livestock and poultry manure was obtained. During fermentation in pile I, the temperature was maintained at 35–50°C, the moisture content at 40%–50%, and the oxygen content at 5%–10%. When the temperature exceeded 50°C, the film was removed and the pile was turned or tossed to cool it down; when the moisture content fell below 40%, water was added to bring it up to 50%; when the oxygen content fell below 5%, ventilation was provided inside the film or the film was removed and the pile turned to increase the oxygen content.

[0071] Step (2), Preparation of anaerobic digestion residue: Weigh 25 parts by weight of anaerobic digestion residue, 11 parts of straw, 1 part of ammonium carbonate, and 0.02 parts of fermentation agent C. Crush the straw to a particle size of 10-20 mm and mix it with the anaerobic digestion residue and ammonium carbonate to obtain mixture II. Pile mixture II into a pile with a height of 1.5 meters, a width of 2 meters, and a length determined according to the mass of the mixture II. Inoculate fermentation agent C into a liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 20-50 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The cultured bacterial solution (CFU / g) was sprayed onto pile II, which was then covered with a film. After fermentation in pile II for 14-21 days, the anaerobic digested biogas residue was obtained. During the fermentation process in pile II, the temperature was maintained at 35-45℃, the moisture content at 45%-55%, and the oxygen content at 5%-10%. When the temperature was above 45℃, the moisture content was below 45%, and the oxygen content was below 5%, the temperature, humidity, and oxygen content control methods described in step 1 were used.

[0072] Step (3), Preparation of pine bark treatment: Weigh 7 parts pine bark, 1 part CO(NH2)2 (urea), 0.08 parts calcium carbonate (lime powder), and 0.01 parts fermentation agent D by weight. Crush the pine bark and place it in a fermentation container. Soak in boiling water for 2-4 hours. After natural cooling, continue soaking, changing the water every 2-3 days. Soak continuously for 10-15 days, then drain. Prepare a solution of calcium carbonate (lime powder) at 0.4-0.5 parts by weight and spray it evenly onto the drained pine bark. After 7-10 days, test the pH value of the pine bark. If it is 6.0-7.5, add CO(NH2)2 (urea) to the pine bark according to the raw material formula to obtain mixture III. Inoculate fermentation agent D into a liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 50-100×10⁻⁶. 8The cultured bacterial solution (CFU / g) is sprayed onto mixture III, covered with a film for 60-90 days, and then the film is removed to produce the pine bark treatment. During the fermentation of mixture III, once the temperature rises to 50℃, it needs to be maintained at 50-60℃. If the temperature exceeds 65℃, the film is removed and the pine bark is stirred. If the moisture content is below 40%, water is added by spraying to bring the moisture content to 50% ± 5%. Once the temperature of the mixture drops below 30℃, the film is removed to complete the preparation of the pine bark treatment.

[0073] Step (4): Weigh 25 parts of the livestock and poultry manure treatment material, 37 parts of the anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment material, and 8 parts of the pine bark treatment material prepared in the above steps and put them into the fermentation chamber and mix them evenly to obtain mixture IV.

[0074] Step (5): Inoculate 0.04 parts by weight of fermentation agent A into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35°C until the effective viable count reaches 40~70×10⁻⁴. 8 The cultured bacterial solution (CFU / g) is sprayed onto the mixture IV in the fermentation chamber of step 4. The fermentation chamber door is then closed. During fermentation, the temperature is maintained at 45-60℃, the relative humidity at 65%-70%, and the oxygen content at 5%-10%. When the temperature inside the fermentation chamber exceeds 60℃, the temperature sensor activates the stirring device to stir the mixture IV. When the relative humidity inside the fermentation chamber falls below 65%, the humidity sensor activates the spraying device to disperse water until the relative humidity reaches 70%. When the oxygen content inside the fermentation chamber falls below 5%, the oxygen detector activates the ventilation device to ventilate until the oxygen content reaches 10%. After 14-21 days of fermentation, the cultivation substrate is prepared. Example

[0075] The difference from Example 1 is as follows:

[0076] In step (1), 17 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4 parts of straw, and 0.01 parts of fermentation agent B are weighed out by weight.

[0077] In step (2), weigh out 30 parts of anaerobic digestion biogas residue, 8 parts of straw, 1 part of ammonium carbonate, and 0.02 parts of fermentation agent C by weight.

[0078] In step (3), weigh out 9 parts of pine bark, 1 part of CO(NH2)2 (urea), 0.08 parts of calcium carbonate (lime powder), and 0.01 parts of fermentation agent D by weight.

[0079] In step (4), 21 parts of the livestock and poultry manure treatment product, 39 parts of the anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment product, and 10 parts of the pine bark treatment product prepared in the above steps are weighed by weight.

[0080] The remaining preparation steps and methods are the same as in Example 1. Example

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is as follows:

[0082] In step (1), 14 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts of straw, and 0.01 parts of fermentation agent B are weighed out by weight.

[0083] In step (2), weigh out 35 parts of anaerobic digestion residue, 5 parts of straw, 1 part of ammonium carbonate, and 0.02 parts of fermentation agent C by weight.

[0084] In step (3), weigh out 10 parts of pine bark, 2 parts of CO(NH2)2 (urea), 0.08 parts of calcium carbonate (lime powder), and 0.01 parts of fermentation agent D by weight.

[0085] In step (4), 17 portions of the livestock and poultry manure treatment product, 41 portions of the anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment product, and 12 portions of the pine bark treatment product prepared in the above steps are weighed by weight.

[0086] The remaining preparation steps and methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0087] Eighty plastic flowerpots with a top diameter × height × bottom diameter of 130 × 105 × 95 mm were selected and divided into four groups: control group, Example 1# group, Example 2# group, and Example 3# group, with 20 pots in each group. The control group used pine needle soil, the cultivation substrate prepared in Example 1, the cultivation substrate prepared in Example 2, and the cultivation substrate prepared in Example 3, respectively. Cymbidium goeringii cultivar "Qihei" with uniform growth and an age of 8 months was selected and planted into each of the 80 flowerpots.

[0088] The experiment was conducted under natural light conditions. Except for the different cultivation substrates, the environmental conditions for the cultivation of the four groups of *Cymbidium goeringii* seedlings were identical. After 6 months, the following three morphological indicators were measured for each *Cymbidium goeringii* plant: plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area. The measurement methods are as follows:

[0089] Plant height: Measure the length from the base of the plant to the tip of the longest leaf with a measuring tape;

[0090] Leaf count: The total number of leaves for each experimental sample;

[0091] Leaf area: The length from the leaf tip to the leaf scar is measured with a tape measure. The width is measured with a vernier caliper at the widest point of the leaf. Leaf area = 0.78 × leaf length × leaf width.

[0092] The results of averaging the indicators for each group of Qihei Molan are shown in the table below:

[0093]

[0094] As shown in the table above, the average plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area of ​​the Cymbidium goeringii test samples in Examples 1# to 3# were all higher than those in the control group.

[0095] Experimental Example 2:

[0096] Eighty plastic flowerpots with a top diameter × height × bottom diameter of 130 × 105 × 95 mm were selected and divided into four groups: control group, Example 1# group, Example 2# group, and Example 3# group, with 20 pots in each group. The control group used humus soil, the cultivation substrate prepared in Example 1, the cultivation substrate prepared in Example 2, and the cultivation substrate prepared in Example 3, respectively. A nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium fertilizer of 1:1:2 was added to the control group. Tomato varieties of the same growth condition and with seedling age of 20 days were selected and planted into the 80 flowerpots.

[0097] The experiment was conducted under natural light conditions. Except for the different cultivation substrates, the environmental conditions for the cultivation of the four groups of tomato seedlings were the same. After 3 months, the following three morphological indicators of each tomato plant were measured: plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area. The above-ground parts of the tomato plants were cut from the bottom of the plants and weighed using a balance to obtain the fresh weight.

[0098] The methods for determining morphological indicators are as follows:

[0099] Plant height: Measure the length from the base of the plant to the tip of the longest leaf with a measuring tape;

[0100] Stem diameter: Measure the stem diameter with vernier calipers;

[0101] Leaf area: The leaf length is the length from the leaf tip to the leaf scar measured with a tape measure, and the leaf width is the length of the widest part of the leaf measured with a vernier caliper. Leaf area = leaf length × leaf width.

[0102] The results of averaging the indicators for each group of tomatoes are shown in the table below:

[0103]

[0104] As shown in the table above, the average plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and fresh weight of the above-ground parts of the tomato test samples in Examples 1# to 3# were all higher than those in the control group.

[0105] The above embodiments demonstrate that the substrate prepared by the present invention can effectively promote plant growth.

[0106] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a cultivation substrate using organic waste, characterized in that, It includes the following components by weight: 17-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure treatment, 37-41 parts of anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment, 8-12 parts of pine bark treatment, and 0.04 parts of fermentation agent A; The fermentation agent A is a mixture of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, thiobacillus, and azotobacter chrysophyll. The treated livestock and poultry manure comprises the following components by weight: 14-20 parts livestock and poultry manure, 3-5 parts straw, 0.3 parts superphosphate, and 0.01 parts fermentation agent B; The fermentation agent B is a mixture of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus oryzae, and Enterococcus faecalis; The anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment product comprises the following components: by weight, 25-35 parts anaerobic digestion biogas residue, 5-11 parts straw, 1-2 parts ammonium carbonate, and 0.02 parts fermentation agent C; The anaerobic digestion residue is obtained through wet anaerobic technology; The fermentation agent C is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus subtilis; The pine bark treatment product comprises the following components by weight: 7-10 parts pine bark, 1-2 parts CO(NH2)2 (urea), 0.06-0.1 parts calcium carbonate, and 0.01 parts fermentation agent D; The fermentation agent D is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, Bacteroides, Trichoderma longipes, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium; The preparation method includes the following steps: Step (1), preparation of livestock and poultry manure: Crush straw to a particle size of 10-20mm and mix it with livestock and poultry manure to obtain mixture I. Control the moisture content of mixture I to be 45%-55%. Pile mixture I into a pile with a length-width-height ratio of 3:2:

1. Inoculate fermentation agent B into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 30-80×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution was sprayed onto pile I, and a film was covered on pile I. After 45 days of fermentation in pile I, the livestock and poultry manure treatment product was obtained. Step (2), preparation of anaerobic digestion residue: Crush straw to a particle size of 10-20mm and mix it with anaerobic digestion residue and ammonium carbonate to obtain mixture II. Control the moisture content of mixture II to be 50%-70%. Pile mixture II into a pile with a height of 1.5 meters, a width of 2 meters, and unlimited length. Inoculate fermentation agent C into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃. The effective viable count is 20-50 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution was sprayed onto pile II, and a film was placed on pile II. After fermentation in pile II for 14-21 days, the anaerobic digestion biogas residue was obtained. Step (3), preparation of pine bark treatment: After crushing the pine bark, place it in a fermentation container and soak it in boiling water for 2-4 hours. After natural cooling, continue soaking, changing the water every 2-3 days. After soaking for 10-15 days, drain the water. Prepare a solution of calcium carbonate at 0.4-0.5 parts by weight and spray it evenly on the drained pine bark. After 7-10 days, test the pH of the pine bark to be 6.0-7.

5. Add CO(NH2)2 to the pine bark and mix to obtain mixture III. Inoculate fermentation agent D into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count is 50-100×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution is sprayed onto mixture III, covered with film for 60-90 days, and then the film is removed to produce the pine bark treatment product; Step (4): Place 17-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure treatment material, 37-41 parts of anaerobic digestion biogas residue treatment material, and 8-12 parts of pine bark treatment material into the fermentation chamber and mix them evenly to obtain mixture IV; Step (5): Inoculate fermentation agent A into liquid culture medium and culture at a constant temperature of 35℃ until the effective viable count reaches 40~70×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the cultured bacterial solution is sprayed onto the mixture IV in the fermentation chamber in step 4, the chamber door is closed, and the fermentation chamber is run for 14-21 days to produce the cultivation substrate.

2. The method for preparing a cultivation substrate using organic waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), during the fermentation of pile I, the temperature is maintained at 35~50℃, the moisture content is maintained at 40%~50%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature is higher than 50℃, the film is removed and the pile is turned or turned over to cool down. When the moisture content is lower than 40%, water is added to 50% by sprinkling. When the oxygen content is lower than 5%, the oxygen content is increased by blowing air inside the film or by removing the film and turning the pile. In step (2), during the fermentation of pile II, the temperature is maintained at 35~45℃, the moisture content is maintained at 45%~55%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature is higher than 50℃, the film is removed and the pile is turned or turned over to cool down. When the moisture content is lower than 40%, water is added to 50% by sprinkling. When the oxygen content is lower than 5%, the oxygen content is increased by blowing air inside the film or by removing the film and turning the pile. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio is greater than 40:1 and the moisture content is greater than 70%, the anaerobic digestion residue is centrifuged or squeezed to dehydrate. In step (3), during the fermentation of mixture III, after the temperature rises to 50°C, the temperature is maintained at 50~60°C. When the temperature exceeds 65°C, the film is removed and the pine bark is stirred. When the moisture content is less than 40%, water is added by sprinkling to 50%±5%. When the temperature of mixture III drops to below 30°C, the film is removed to complete the preparation of the pine bark treatment. In step (4), a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen detector, a stirring device, a spraying device, and a ventilation device are installed in the fermentation chamber. In step (5), during the operation of the fermentation chamber, the temperature is maintained at 45~60℃, the relative humidity is maintained at 65%~70%, and the oxygen content is maintained at 5%~10%. When the temperature inside the fermentation chamber is higher than 60℃, the temperature sensor activates the stirring device to stir the mixture IV inside the chamber. When the relative humidity inside the fermentation chamber is lower than 65%, the humidity sensor activates the spraying device to disperse water until the relative humidity reaches 70%. When the oxygen content inside the fermentation chamber is lower than 5%, the oxygen detector activates the ventilation device to ventilate until the oxygen content reaches 10%. In steps (1) to (3) and (5), the liquid culture medium contains the following components: 4 g / L tryptone, 12 g / L yeast extract, 10 g / L sodium chloride, 2 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 2 g / L glucose. After adjusting the pH of the liquid culture medium to 7.1 to 7.4, it is sent to an autoclave and sterilized at 0.1 MPa and 121°C for 30 min.

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