Ecological Restoration Method for Soil and Water Conservation on Barren Mountain Slopes in Arid and Cold Regions of Western China

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for ecological restoration of soil and water conservation on barren mountain slopes in arid and cold regions of western China. It relates to the field of ecological restoration technology for soil and water conservation on barren mountain slopes in these regions, aiming to address the problems of ecological fragility and uneven annual rainfall distribution on barren mountain slopes. The method includes a non-powered automatic irrigation system comprising a pond, a water diversion ditch, a water collection bucket, drip irrigation pipes, and a straw grid. Based on the topographical characteristics of barren mountains in arid and cold regions of western China, this invention effectively utilizes rainwater and snowmelt. It employs a design pattern of water diversion ditch, drip irrigation pipes, and a straw grid to slow the flow rate of rainwater and snowmelt, reducing their damage to the soil, controlling soil erosion or debris flows, and storing the runoff on the slope for the restoration of vegetation. This constructs a self-restoration model for soil and water conservation on barren mountain slopes, which can reduce mountain floods, prevent soil erosion, and increase vegetation coverage on barren mountain slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration technology for barren hillsides in the cold and arid regions of western China, specifically the method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration of barren hillsides in the cold and arid regions of western China. Background Technology

[0002] Current status of soil erosion on barren hillsides in the cold and arid western region: Barren hills with slopes between 20° and 45° experience runoff and flooding when rainfall lasts 10-20 minutes and exceeds 40 mm / h, causing severe soil erosion. In recent decades, due to climate warming and air pollution, the volume of snowmelt has increased. The steep slopes and the large volume of seasonal snowmelt and rainfall have washed away topsoil, reduced soil infiltration capacity, and exacerbated soil erosion. Floods have also damaged the soil structure, washing away organic matter and fine particles, reducing water retention capacity, leading to severe vegetation decay and a situation that is no longer naturally reversible.

[0003] There is a problem of fragile ecology on barren mountain slopes in cold and arid areas. That is, the possibility of natural factors to recover from floods, soil erosion (or debris flow) and vegetation decline caused by precipitation and snowmelt on barren mountain slopes is extremely small. The reasons are: (1) In spring and summer, due to rainfall or rising temperature, snowmelt increases, leading to frequent small-scale erosion on barren mountain slopes. A large amount of mineral nutrients and organic matter in the soil are carried downstream with the slope erosion, and the soil fertility of the mountain slopes continues to decline. At the same time, alluvial deposits also damage the irrigation channels of downstream farmland; (2) Due to less precipitation and longer winters, barren mountains in cold and arid areas have low vegetation coverage and fragile slope ecology. Precipitation damages the soil structure on the barren mountain slopes, the water retention of the slope soil becomes worse and worse, and the vegetation growth environment deteriorates further.

[0004] There is a problem of uneven distribution of precipitation throughout the year, namely (1) the snowmelt season in Xinjiang mainly occurs after April. Due to the rapid rise in temperature, the melting of snow and ice will cause small floods. This short-duration, high-intensity meltwater runoff will damage the soil structure and landform of barren hillsides, resulting in a decrease in the soil moisture retention capacity of barren hillsides and a decrease in vegetation coverage; (2) every year from July to August, the water coming into the slope is composed of both rainfall and snowmelt. The runoff is relatively large and the confluence speed is fast, which washes away the topsoil of the slope, and the ground is prone to sinkholes and gullies. Soil and water loss is serious, and it also damages downstream farmland, roads, canals, bridges and other buildings.

[0005] In summary, this invention provides an ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in arid and cold regions of western China to solve the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren mountain slopes in the cold and arid areas of western China. Its advantage is that it eliminates the need to utilize the natural slope (potential energy of incoming water) of barren mountains and constructs a non-powered ecological restoration system for barren mountain slopes using a design pattern of water diversion ditches, drip pipes, and straw grids.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] Ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in arid and cold regions of western China, including a non-powered automatic irrigation system. This system comprises a pond, water diversion ditches, a water collection bucket, drip irrigation pipes, and a straw grid. Specific steps include:

[0009] Step 1: Build a pond on the mountaintop;

[0010] Step 2: Manually dig water diversion ditches;

[0011] Step 3: Install a water collection bucket at the end of the water diversion ditch;

[0012] Step 4: Connect the water collection bucket to the drip irrigation pipe using a solenoid valve;

[0013] Step 5: Lay straw mesh on top of the water diversion ditch.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, and based on the topographical characteristics of barren mountains in the cold and arid western region, rainwater and snowmelt (i.e., natural precipitation) are effectively utilized. A design mode of water diversion ditches, drip irrigation pipes, and straw grids is adopted to slow down the flow rate of rainwater and snowmelt, reduce their damage to soil erosion, control soil and water loss (or debris flow), and store the runoff on the slope for the restoration of vegetation on the slope itself, thus constructing an ecological self-restoration model for soil and water conservation on barren mountain slopes.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that: the pond in step one is elliptical in shape, the height of the pond is higher than the ground, the pond is equipped with a debris-blocking net cover and a snow-blocking wall, the bottom of the pond is equipped with a sewage pipe, and the pond is connected to the water collection bucket through an emergency water supply pipe.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, since there is more rainfall in the mountains in summer and more snow in winter, but the wind is strong on the sunny side of the mountains, the wind blows away the snow. Therefore, a pond 1 is built on the mountaintop. The pond is an oval basin with a windbreak wall at the upstream. It can collect more rainwater and snow. The screen cover can filter the water flowing into the pond. Rainwater and snowmelt are stored in the pond. When there is an urgent need to irrigate the seedlings, the solenoid valve will automatically open upon receiving the information. The water in the pond will enter the collection tank through the emergency water supply pipe for irrigation.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that: step two specifically involves excavating and constructing the water diversion ditch in a low-lying area of ​​the mountainous region according to the terrain conditions, wherein the water diversion ditch is arranged along the contour lines as much as possible, and the angle between the contour lines and the water diversion ditch is less than or equal to ten degrees.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the water flow velocity is reduced by dispersing the water flow on the slope through the water diversion ditches, and the water flow generated in the low-lying area is diverted. By reducing the distance between the upper and lower water diversion ditches (reducing the confluence area and shortening the confluence time), the peak water flow can be controlled and mitigated.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that the flow velocity of the slope / gradient of the water diversion ditch must meet the following requirements:

[0020] S1. The flow velocity in the water diversion ditch is greater than the non-silting flow velocity and less than the non-scouring flow velocity;

[0021] S2. The shape of the water diversion ditch is similar to that of a trapezoidal canal, and the area where saplings are planted along the edge of the water diversion ditch is recessed.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the water diversion ditch is not blocked by the mountainside, and the rainwater enters the roots of the seedlings. Excess rainwater flows down the diversion ditch.

[0023] The invention is further configured such that: the water collection bucket in step three includes a small cylinder and a large bucket; the small cylinder is filled with sand particles inside and has a filter screen on the side; its size is determined by the rainfall intensity and terrain slope; the large bucket has an exhaust hole at the top and the drip irrigation pipe is installed at the bottom; an alarm balloon is installed inside the large bucket; the specific process of step three is that the water diversion ditch transports water to the small cylinder; the small cylinder performs a first internal sand and gravel filtration, a second internal sedimentation filtration, and a third external filter screen filtration before sending the water to the large bucket; after three stages of filtration, the water flowing into the large bucket is detected by the alarm balloon to check the water level, and the water is then guided into the drip irrigation pipe through a solenoid valve.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the water collection tank stores excess water during rainfall. When there is no rain for more than one day (or the soil moisture content drops to the wilting coefficient), the soil moisture content detector (transceiver and receiver) in the field notifies the network system, and the system automatically opens the solenoid valve to carry out drip irrigation through the program.

[0025] The invention is further configured such that: the small cylinder is filled with sand particles with a 20-centimeter gap between the top of the small cylinder and the bottom; a filter screen is installed on the side of the small cylinder filled with sand particles, and the filter screen is located at or below 20 centimeters from the top of the cylinder; the alarm balloon has two effects: firstly, a warning effect: if the rainfall lasts for a long time, the alarm system automatically opens the solenoid valve when the bucket is close to full to prevent the water in the large bucket from overflowing; secondly, a watering reminder effect: the system receives water content information through a soil detector, reminds the watering time, and monitors the dynamic water volume in the large bucket.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solutions, it is convenient to complete automatic irrigation work.

[0027] The present invention is further configured as follows: In the specific installation method of step four: the rear of the water collection bucket is connected to the drip irrigation pipe through the drip pipe and the solenoid valve. The drip irrigation water diversion ditch is used for irrigation in the opposite direction. The drip pipe CD and DE are directly connected at the junction. Sewage and water are discharged through the direct connection. The first and last ends of the drip pipe are designed to maintain a half-meter drop. When water is supplied through the drop, self-pressurized drip irrigation is formed.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, the quality of ecological restoration work can be improved.

[0029] The invention is further configured as follows: In step four, the specific process is as follows: According to the slope conditions, the mountain is composed of ridges, saddles, and valleys. The water diversion ditches are designed from the valleys towards the ridges. Each water diversion ditch is equipped with a water collection bucket at its end. The drip pipes supply water in the opposite direction to the water diversion ditches from their ends. A hole is drilled between the drip pipe and the root point of the planted sapling to install a drip device, which only irrigates the sapling. A sapling is planted at the junction of the water diversion ditch and the drip pipe. The two drip pipes are connected by a straight connector at the junction of the valleys. When needed, the drip pipes can discharge sewage and water.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, a drip pipe is connected after the solenoid valve at the end of each water diversion ditch, which can increase the number and density of planted seedlings, thereby improving the efficiency of ecological restoration.

[0031] The invention is further configured such that: the width of the straw grid in step five is designed to be m, and straw bundles are laid at the bottom of the water diversion ditch. Specifically, the soil excavated in the water diversion ditch is covered with the straw grid. The upper part of the water diversion ditch where seedlings are planted is 0.8 meters long, and the lower part of the water diversion ditch where the soil is loosened and covered is 1.2 meters long. The length of the straw grid is determined by the length of the water diversion ditch.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the purpose of reducing the flow rate and filtering of water in the irrigation ditch is achieved by laying straw mesh.

[0033] The invention is further configured such that: the straw grid has a compressible function in the length direction; the straw grid is woven into a square shape from straw stalks; the straw grid has the characteristics of being stretchable and equilateral; and each side of the straw grid forms a 30-degree angle with the terrain slope.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the flow rate of water is impeded by the edges of the straw grid, thereby reducing the flow rate and confluence time of the water.

[0035] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] Based on the topographical characteristics of barren mountains in the cold and arid western region, this study effectively utilizes rainwater and snowmelt (natural precipitation) by adopting a design pattern of water diversion ditches, drip irrigation pipes, and straw grids. This slows down the flow rate of rainwater and snowmelt, reduces their damage to the soil, controls soil erosion or debris flows, and stores the runoff on the slope for the restoration of vegetation on the slope itself. This constructs an ecological self-restoration model for soil and water conservation on barren mountain slopes, which can reduce mountain floods, prevent soil erosion on barren mountains, and increase the vegetation coverage of barren mountain slopes.

[0037] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The accompanying drawings described below are merely some embodiments. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the non-powered automatic irrigation system of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 The diagram shows the slope structure, water diversion ditch structure, drip irrigation design, and seedling planting in this invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the encrypted planting of seedlings in this invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a design drawing of the water collection tank in this invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the structure of the water diversion ditch and the location of the seedlings in this invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pond in this invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the water diversion ditch and straw grid in this invention;

[0046] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0047] 1. Pond; 2. Water diversion ditch; 3. Water collection bucket; 4. Drip irrigation pipe; 5. Straw grate; 6. Ridge; 7. Drip pipe; 8. Saddle; 9. Valley; 10. Drip irrigation pipe junction; 11. Seedling planting area beside water diversion ditch; 12. Seedling; 13. Small cylindrical filter cover; 14. Small cylindrical pipe; 15. Sand particles; 16. Sewage pipe; 17. Sewage valve; 18. Vent pipe; 19. Vent valve; 20. Top of large bucket; 21. Alarm balloon; 22. Filter screen; 23. Minimum water level B; 24. Solenoid valve; 25. Drip irrigation water supply pipe; 26. Large bucket; 27. Ground; 28. Emergency water supply pipe; 29. ​​Outer slope; 30. Inner slope; 31. Ditch bottom; 32. Mountain side; 33. Design water level; 34. Snow barrier wall; 35. Trash net cover. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Reference Figure 1-7 This invention discloses a method for ecological restoration of soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in arid and cold regions of western China, including a non-powered automatic irrigation system. The system comprises a pond 1, a water diversion ditch 2, a water collection bucket 3, drip irrigation pipes 4, and a straw grid 5. Specific steps include:

[0050] Step 1: Build a pond on the mountaintop;

[0051] Step 2: Manually excavate water diversion trench 2;

[0052] Step 3: Install water collection bucket 3 at the end of the water diversion ditch 2;

[0053] Step 4: Connect the water collection bucket 3 and the drip irrigation pipe 4 using solenoid valve 24;

[0054] Step 5: Lay straw mesh 5 on the top of the water diversion ditch 2.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6In this embodiment, the Xinjiang mountainous area includes both sunny and shady sides, consisting of mountain peaks, ridges, and valleys. The characteristics of this mountainous area are: firstly, the prevailing wind direction is easterly, causing snow on the sunny side to be blown to the shady side in winter. Due to low vegetation cover, snow cannot be retained in winter. Therefore, ponds are built on the mountain peaks to collect snow, which is then used when needed after the snow melts in summer. Secondly, the sunny side of the mountain is exposed to sunlight from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, resulting in high evaporation rates and hindering vegetation growth. Thirdly, the mountain ridges divide summer rainwater into two high points, causing rainwater to flow towards the valleys, forming surface runoff that washes away soil and damages the landform. Because the mountainous area receives abundant rainfall in summer and has thick snowfall in winter, but the sunny side is windy, the wind carries away much of the snow. Therefore, pond 1, an oval-shaped basin with a windbreak wall, is built on the mountain peak to prevent wind-blown snow from overflowing the pond. Pond 1 is level with the ground and has a debris-blocking net cover 35 to catch floating debris. A sewage pipe 16 is located at the bottom. Rainfall and snowmelt are stored in pond 1. When irrigation of seedlings is urgently needed, the solenoid valve 24 automatically opens upon receiving information. When the soil moisture content reaches the set level, the sensor installed in the field transmits the information to the system, which then commands the solenoid valve 24 to open and supply water. An alarm balloon sends information to the system regarding the presence or absence of water in the water collection tank 3. Based on this information, the system automatically coordinates with the emergency water supply pipe 28, the solenoid valve 24, and the sensor data to automatically complete the irrigation operation. Water from pond 1 flows through the emergency water supply pipe 28 into the water collection tank 3 for irrigation. Step two specifically includes, based on terrain conditions, excavating and constructing irrigation ditches 2 in low-lying areas of mountainous regions. The irrigation ditches 2 are laid out along contour lines as much as possible, with the angle between the contour lines and the irrigation ditches 2 being less than or equal to ten degrees.

[0056] The flow velocity of the slope / gradient of the water diversion ditch 2 must meet the following requirements:

[0057] S1, the flow velocity of the water diversion ditch 2 is greater than the non-silting flow velocity and less than the non-scouring flow velocity;

[0058] S2, the form of the water diversion ditch 2 is similar to a trapezoidal canal. The area where the saplings 12 are planted on the side of the water diversion ditch 2 is concave. The water diversion ditch 2 includes an outer slope 29, an inner slope 30, a ditch bottom 31, a mountain-side edge 32, and a design water level 33. By dispersing the water volume of the slope convergence through the water diversion ditch 2, the water flow velocity is reduced, and the water volume generated in the low-lying area is diverted. By reducing the distance between the upper and lower water diversion ditches 2, the convergence area is reduced and the convergence time is shortened, which can achieve the effect of controlling and mitigating the peak water flow.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5In this embodiment, the water collection bucket 3 in step three includes a small cylinder 14 and a large bucket 26. The small cylinder 14 is filled with sand particles 15 and has a filter screen 22 on the side. Its size is determined by the rainfall intensity and the terrain slope. The large bucket 26 has an exhaust hole at the top and a drip irrigation pipe 4 installed at the bottom. An alarm balloon 21 is installed inside the large bucket 26. The water flowing in the valley is divided into two sides. The water irrigates the seedlings along the diversion ditch. After passing through three stages of filtration, it flows into the water collection bucket 3, where the water is temporarily stored. When irrigation is needed, the solenoid valve 24 automatically opens according to the system signal to irrigate in the opposite direction of the diversion ditch. The water collection bucket 3 is also equipped with an alarm balloon 21. When water tank 3 is full, the system releases water promptly. When water tank 3 is empty and the soil moisture content reaches the adjustment coefficient, the system uses water from pond 1 to provide timely drip irrigation through emergency water supply pipe 28. The specific process of step three is as follows: the water diversion ditch 2 transports water to the small cylinder 14. The small cylinder 14 performs a first-stage sand and gravel filtration, a second-stage sedimentation filtration, and a third-stage side outlet filter filtration before sending the water to the large tank 26. Given the rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, soil type and soil bulk density, and vegetation cover, and with a large spacing between water diversion ditches 2, the larger the terrain slope, the greater the water volume, and vice versa. After three stages of filtration, the water flowing into the large tank 26 is detected by alarm balloon 21. Water level is measured, and water is introduced into drip irrigation pipe 4 via solenoid valve 24. Sand particles 15 are placed inside small cylinder 14, leaving a 20cm gap between the top and bottom of the cylinder. A filter screen 22 is installed on the side of the small cylinder 14 containing sand particles 15, located 20cm or less from the top of the cylinder. Alarm balloon 21 serves two main purposes: firstly, it provides early warning: if rainfall is prolonged and the bucket is nearly full, the alarm system automatically opens solenoid valve 24 to prevent water overflow from the large bucket 26; secondly, it provides irrigation reminders: the system receives moisture content information from a soil detector, indicating irrigation time and monitoring the dynamic water level in the large bucket 26. Water flows into the large bucket 26 after passing through the three-stage filtration of the small cylinder 14. Bucket 26, the large bucket 26, stores excess water during rainfall. When there is no rain for more than 10 days or the soil moisture content drops to the wilting coefficient, the soil moisture content in the field is notified to the network system through transceivers, receivers, and detectors. The system automatically opens the solenoid valve 24 to start drip irrigation. When the water in the large bucket 26 reaches the minimum designed water level 33B, the solenoid valve 24 automatically closes and stops drip irrigation, triggered by the alarm balloon 21. When the rainfall intensity is high or the large bucket 26 is full of water, the alarm balloon 21 reaches the top A point of the large bucket 26 under the action of buoyancy, and the alarm balloon 21 sounds an alarm again, triggering the solenoid valve 24 to automatically open and start drip irrigation.

[0060] Reference Figure 1-5In this embodiment, the specific installation method in step four is as follows: the rear of the water collection tank 3 is connected to the drip irrigation pipe 4 via the drip pipe 7 and the solenoid valve 24. The drip irrigation ditches 2 irrigate in the opposite direction. The drip pipes 7CD and DE are directly connected at their junctions, and sewage and water are discharged through the direct connection. The drip pipes 7 are designed with a half-meter drop at both ends, forming self-pressurized drip irrigation when supplying water through the drop. The specific process in step four is as follows: according to the slope conditions, the mountain consists of ridges 6, saddles, and valleys 9. The diversion ditches 2 are designed in both directions from the valleys 9 to the ridges 6. A water collection tank 3 is installed at the end of each diversion ditches 2, and the drip irrigation ditches 2 irrigate in the opposite direction. Pipe 7 supplies water from the end of the irrigation ditch 2 in the opposite direction to the irrigation ditch 2. A drip pipe 7 is installed at the root point of the planted sapling 12, and only the sapling 12 is irrigated. One sapling 12 is planted at the junction of the irrigation ditch 2 and the drip pipe 7. The two drip pipes 7 are connected by a straight connector at the junction of the valley 9. When needed, the drip pipe 7 can discharge sewage and water. One to two drip pipes 7 are connected after the solenoid valve 24 at the end of each irrigation ditch 2, which can increase the number and density of planted saplings 12. After the rainwater has irrigated the saplings 12, the excess water flows down from the irrigation ditch 2 and into the water collection bucket 3 while irrigating the saplings 12.

[0061] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 7 In this embodiment, the width of the straw grate 5 in step five is designed to be 2 m. Straw bundles are laid at the bottom of the irrigation ditch 2, especially to control the soil excavated from the irrigation ditch 2 and cover it with the straw grate 5. The upper part of the irrigation ditch 2 is planted with 0.8 m of saplings (12 m), and the lower part of the irrigation ditch 2 is covered with loose soil at 1.2 m. The length of the straw grate 5 is determined by the length of the irrigation ditch 2. The straw grate 5 has a compressible function along its length. The straw grate 5 is woven from straw into a square shape, possessing elasticity and equilateral characteristics. Each side of the straw grate 5 forms a 30-degree angle with the terrain slope, hindering the water flow and reducing the water velocity and confluence time. The straw grate 5 covers the irrigation ditch 2. When constructing the irrigation ditch 2, the loose soil excavated from the ditch is filled into the lower embankment of the irrigation ditch 2, and the straw grate 5 covers the embankment of the irrigation ditch 2. The inner and outer slopes 29 control soil erosion, reduce water flow rate, increase soil infiltration, reduce soil evaporation below the straw grate 5, and maintain soil moisture. The straw grate 5 itself has water absorption capacity, absorbing some rainwater and maintaining the humidity of the lower part. The straw grate 5 below the irrigation ditch 2 reduces the runoff time of rainwater, protects the side embankment and loose soil of the irrigation ditch 2, and reduces soil evaporation below the straw grate 5, thus maintaining soil moisture for a long time. The straw grate 5 also reduces wind erosion of the soil below the straw grate 5. In winter, the snow on the straw grate 5 will not be blown away by the wind. Part of the drip pipe 7 is below the straw grate 5, and the rest is buried in the soil. The drip pipe 7 is not exposed to the heat of the sun, which can extend the life of the drip pipe 7. Over time, the straw grate 5 decomposes into organic fertilizer, which is environmentally friendly.

[0062] To ensure that those skilled in the art can fully understand the technical solution, this application provides the following overall overview:

[0063] In use, an oval-shaped pond 1 is constructed on the mountaintop, with a windbreak wall to prevent snow blown over it. The pond 1 is level with the ground level 27 and has a debris-blocking net cover 35 to catch floating debris. A drainage pipe 16 is located at the bottom. Rainfall and snowmelt are stored in the pond 1. When there is an urgent need to irrigate the seedlings 12, a solenoid valve 24 automatically opens upon receiving information. Water from the pond 1 flows through an emergency water supply pipe 28 into a collection tank 3 for irrigation. Water diversion ditches 2 disperse the water flow from the slope, reducing its velocity and diverting water from low-lying areas. By reducing the distance between the two diversion ditches 2, the confluence area is reduced, and the confluence time is shortened, thus controlling and mitigating peak water flow. Water is transported from the irrigation ditch 2 to the small cylinder 14. The small cylinder 14 performs a first internal sand and gravel filtration, a second internal sedimentation filtration, and a third filtration via a side outlet filter before sending the water to the large cylinder 26. After three stages of filtration, the water flowing into the large cylinder 26 is monitored by an alarm balloon 21 to detect the water level. The large cylinder 26 stores excess water during rainfall. When there is no rain for more than 10 days or the soil moisture content drops to the wilting coefficient, the soil moisture content in the field is notified to the network system via a transceiver, receiver, and detector. The system automatically opens the solenoid valve 24 to initiate drip irrigation. When the water in the large cylinder 26 reaches the minimum designed water level 33B, the alarm balloon 21 alerts the solenoid valve 24 to automatically close, stopping the drip irrigation operation. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different topic.) When the large container 26 is filled with water, the alarm balloon 21 reaches point A on the top of the container 26 under buoyancy, and the alarm balloon 21 sounds an alarm. The solenoid valve 24 supplying water to the drip irrigation system automatically opens to start the drip irrigation operation. The sides of the straw grate 5 obstruct the water flow rate and reduce the water flow velocity and confluence time. The straw grate 5 covers the irrigation ditch 2. When constructing the irrigation ditch 2, the loose soil excavated from the ditch is used to fill the lower embankment of the irrigation ditch 2. The straw grate 5 covers the embankment and inner and outer slopes 29 of the irrigation ditch 2 to control soil erosion, reduce water flow velocity, increase soil infiltration, reduce soil evaporation under the straw grate 5, maintain soil moisture, and reduce wind erosion of the soil under the straw grate 5. In winter, snow on the straw grate 5 will not... Blown away by the wind, part of the drip pipe 7 is under the straw grate 5, while the rest is buried in the soil. The drip pipe 7 is not exposed to the heat of the sun, which can extend its lifespan. Over time, the straw grate 5 decomposes into organic fertilizer, which is environmentally friendly. Based on the terrain characteristics of barren mountains in the cold and arid western region, rainwater and snowmelt are effectively utilized, i.e., natural precipitation. The design mode of water diversion ditch 2 + drip pipe 7 + straw grate 5 is adopted to slow down the flow rate of rainwater and snowmelt, reduce its damage to soil erosion, control soil erosion or debris flow, and store the runoff on the slope for the restoration of vegetation on the slope itself. This constructs an ecological self-repair mode for soil and water conservation on barren mountain slopes, which can reduce mountain floods, prevent soil erosion on barren mountains, and increase the vegetation coverage of barren mountain slopes.

[0064] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration of barren hillsides in arid and cold regions of western China, including a non-powered automatic irrigation system, characterized by: The non-powered automatic irrigation system includes a pond (1), a water diversion ditch (2), a water collection bucket (3), a drip irrigation pipe (4), and a straw grid (5). The specific steps include: Step 1: Build a pond on the mountaintop (1); Step 2: Manually excavate the water diversion trench (2); Step 3: Install a water collection bucket (3) at the end of the water diversion ditch (2); Step 4: Connect the water collection bucket (3) and the drip irrigation pipe (4) using a solenoid valve (24); Step 5: Lay straw mesh (5) on top of the water diversion ditch (2); Step two specifically involves excavating and constructing the water diversion ditch (2) in a low-lying area of ​​the mountainous region according to the terrain conditions. The water diversion ditch (2) is arranged along contour lines, and the angle between the contour lines and the water diversion ditch (2) is less than or equal to ten degrees. The specific installation method in step four: The rear of the water collection bucket (3) is connected to the drip irrigation pipe (4) through the drip pipe (7) and the solenoid valve (24). The drip irrigation water ditches (2) are irrigated in the opposite direction. The drip pipe (7) is directly connected at the junction of CD and DE. Sewage and water are discharged through the straight channel. There is a drop between the first and last ends of the drip pipe (7). When the drip pipe (7) supplies water through a certain height drop, it forms a self-pressurized drip irrigation. The specific process in step four is as follows: According to the slope conditions, the mountain is composed of ridge (6), saddle and valley (9). The water diversion ditch (2) is designed from the valley (9) in both directions of the ridge (6). The water collection bucket (3) is set at the end of each water diversion ditch (2). The drip pipe (7) supplies water from the end of the water diversion ditch (2) in the opposite direction to the water diversion ditch (2). The drip pipe (7) is connected to the root point of the tree seedling (12) by drilling a hole and installing a drip device to irrigate the tree seedling (12). Finally, one tree seedling (12) is planted at the junction of the water diversion ditch (2) and the drip pipe (7). The two drip pipes (7) are connected by a straight connection at the junction of the valley (9). When needed, the drip pipe (7) can discharge sewage and water.

2. The ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in the arid and cold regions of western China according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pond (1) in step one is elliptical in shape. The height of the pond (1) is higher than the ground (27). The pond (1) is equipped with a debris net cover (35) and a snow barrier. The bottom of the pond (1) is equipped with a sewage pipe (16). The pond (1) is connected to the water collection bucket (3) through an emergency water supply pipe (28).

3. The ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in the arid and cold regions of western China according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow velocity of the slope / gradient of the water diversion ditch (2) must meet the following requirements: S1, the flow velocity of the water diversion ditch (2) is greater than the non-silting flow velocity and less than the non-scouring flow velocity; S2. The shape of the water diversion ditch (2) includes, but is not limited to, a trapezoidal ditch. The area where the saplings (12) are planted along the edge of the water diversion ditch (2) is designed to be concave.

4. The ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in the arid and cold regions of western China according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection bucket (3) in step three includes a small cylinder (14) and a large bucket (26). The small cylinder (14) is filled with sand particles (15) and has a filter screen (22) on the side. The large bucket (26) has an exhaust hole at the top and the drip irrigation pipe (4) is installed at the bottom. An alarm balloon (21) is installed inside the large bucket (26). The specific process of step three is as follows: the water diversion ditch (2) transports water to the small cylinder (14), the small cylinder (14) performs the first in-bucket sand and gravel filtration, the second in-bucket sedimentation filtration, and the third in-bucket side outlet filter filtration on the incoming water and then sends the water to the large bucket (26). After three-stage filtration, the water flowing into the large bucket (26) is detected by the alarm balloon (21) and the water is introduced into the drip irrigation pipe (4) through the solenoid valve (24).

5. The ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in the arid and cold regions of western China according to claim 4, characterized in that, The small cylinder (14) is filled with sand particles (15) and there is a 20-centimeter gap between the top of the small cylinder (14) and the top of the small cylinder (14). A filter screen (22) is set on the side of the small cylinder (14) filled with sand particles (15). The filter screen (22) is located at a position 20 centimeters or less from the top of the cylinder. The alarm balloon (21) mainly has two effects. The first is the early warning effect: when the rainfall lasts for a long time and the water bucket is close to full, the alarm system automatically opens the solenoid valve (24) to prevent the water in the large bucket (26) from overflowing. The second is the water filling reminder effect: the system receives water content information through the soil detector, reminds the water filling time, and detects the dynamic of the water in the large bucket (26).

6. The ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in the arid and cold regions of western China according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the straw grid (5) in step five is designed to be 2 m. Straw bundles are laid at the bottom of the water diversion ditch (2). Specifically, the soil dug out in the water diversion ditch (2) is covered with the straw grid (5). The upper part of the water diversion ditch (2) where the seedlings (12) are planted is 0.8 m long, and the lower part of the water diversion ditch (2) where the soil is loosened and covered is 1.2 m long. The length of the straw grid (5) is determined by the length of the water diversion ditch (2).

7. The ecological restoration method for soil and water conservation on barren hillsides in the arid and cold regions of western China according to claim 6, characterized in that, The straw grid (5) has a compressible function in the length direction. The straw grid (5) is woven into a square shape from straw stalks. The angle between each side of the straw grid (5) and the terrain slope is 30 degrees.

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