Compound plant essential oil for killing chicken skin mites of free-range chickens and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of composite plant essential oil for killing free-range chicken chicken skin acarid and application.The composite plant essential oil is composed of patchouli oil and clove basil oil, and the weight ratio of patchouli oil and clove basil oil is 3:1, there is significant synergistic effect between components, compared with using only one of them, its prevention and cure free-range chicken chicken skin acarid effect is more significant.The application utilizes chicken sand bath behavior, and the composite plant essential oil is mixed in sand, when chicken sand bath in sand pit, plant essential oil is attached to the fur and skin of chicken, the effect of killing body surface chicken skin acarid is achieved, the growth of free-range chicken and the recovery of egg production capacity are promoted, compared with prior art, the plant essential oil has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, no toxic side effects, simple preparation and wide application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of poultry ectoparasites, in particular to a compound plant essential oil for killing free-range chicken dermatitis mites and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chicken dermatitis mites are a common blood-sucking ectoparasite of chickens, with a short development cycle and fast reproduction speed, causing serious harm to chickens, such as biting and sucking blood, causing chicken to scratch and peck each other due to itching, and sick chickens showing symptoms of anemia, weight loss, increased food intake, and reduced growth rate and egg production rate, and even death in severe cases, resulting in economic losses to the breeding industry.

[0003] Currently, the prevention and control of chicken dermatitis mites mainly relies on chemical acaricides, which have problems such as easy drug resistance, excessive pesticide residues, serious environmental pollution, and high toxicity. Plant-derived acaricides have attracted attention due to their good efficacy, easy degradation, low toxicity, and resistance to drug resistance. For example, Chinese patent CN 110495420 B discloses a method for preventing and controlling poultry red mites, which uses a first plant essential oil composition as a feed additive to feed poultry and a second plant essential oil composition as a spray to apply to the poultry house; wherein the first plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamyl aldehyde, citronellal, carvacrol, eugenol, citral, linalool and a carrier, and the second plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamyl aldehyde, carvacrol, eugenol, citral, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil and water. Although this patent has the effect of killing red mites, the composition is complex, the preparation is complicated, and the combination of feeding and spraying is used, in addition, regular spraying on the body of poultry or the living environment of poultry is also required. However, free-range chickens have a wide range of activities, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive disinfection and sterilization through this method, affecting the breeding efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a compound plant essential oil for killing free-range chicken dermatitis mites and its application. The present application has a significant effect on the prevention and control of free-range chicken dermatitis mites, promotes the recovery of free-range chicken growth and egg production capacity, is safe and environmentally friendly, has no toxic side effects, and is simple to prepare.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A compound plant essential oil for killing free-range chicken dermatitis mites, the compound plant essential oil is composed of patchouli oil and basil oil, and the weight ratio of the patchouli oil and the basil oil is 3:1.

[0007] The present application also provides the application of the above-mentioned compound plant essential oil, which specifically adopts the following technical solutions: the above-mentioned compound plant essential oil is added as a sand additive in sand at an amount of 1g / kg, mixed uniformly, and coated flatly in a sand pit with a sand thickness of 5cm.

[0008] The beneficial technical effects of the present application are as follows:

[0009] 1. The present application screens out spearmint oil and oregano oil through preliminary experiments, which have a control effect on chicken mite. When the spearmint oil and oregano oil are mixed in a ratio of 3:1, the control effect on chicken mite is significantly improved.

[0010] 2. The present application utilizes the sand bathing behavior of chickens, and the compound plant essential oil is mixed in the sand. When the chickens take sand bath in the sand pit, the plant essential oil adheres to the feathers and skin of the chickens, which can effectively kill the chicken mite, and has a significant control effect on eggs, larvae and adult insects. At the same time, the growth of free-range chickens and the recovery of egg production capacity are promoted, which has great significance in production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a fumigation test diagram for killing mites. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present application will be further described in detail in combination with the following examples:

[0013] Example 1

[0014] The compound plant essential oil for killing chicken mite of free-range chickens is composed of spearmint oil and oregano oil, and the weight ratio of spearmint oil to oregano oil is 3:1.

[0015] Comparative Example 1

[0016] The plant essential oil for killing chicken mite of free-range chickens is only spearmint oil.

[0017] Comparative Example 2

[0018] The plant essential oil for killing chicken mite of free-range chickens is only oregano oil.

[0019] Comparative Example 3

[0020] The compound plant essential oil for killing chicken mite of free-range chickens is composed of cinnamon essential oil and oregano oil, and the weight ratio of cinnamon essential oil to oregano oil is 3:1.

[0021] Comparative Example 4

[0022] The compound plant essential oil for killing chicken mite of free-range chickens is composed of spearmint oil and thyme oil, and the weight ratio of spearmint oil to thyme oil is 3:1.

[0023] Comparative Example 5

[0024] A composite plant essential oil for killing chicken mites in free-range chickens, the composite plant essential oil consisting of patchouli oil and oregano oil, the patchouli oil and the oregano oil being in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0025] Indoor mite-killing tests (1. Contact mite-killing 2. Fumigation mite-killing 3. Egg-killing activity 4. Toxicity persistence period) and chicken body mite-killing tests were performed on the six plant essential oils of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, respectively.

[0026] Indoor mite-killing tests

[0027] 1. Contact mite-killing

[0028] The contact mite-killing determination method of the plant essential oil on chicken mites used a filter paper contact method. The biological determination device used consisted of two circular filter paper pieces with a diameter of 37 mm, one of which was treated with a metal mold to form a circular recess with a diameter of 25 mm in the center. The plant essential oil was diluted with ethanol to a concentration of 10%, 100 μL of the plant essential oil diluent was uniformly coated on the two filter papers, and after drying, the two filter papers were pasted together, and the mites were placed in the biological determination device. 15 adult female mites were placed in each treatment, with 3 replicates, and the mite mortality rate was recorded after 18 h, as shown in Table 1.

[0029] The mite body condition judgment standard was:

[0030] Survival: movement (peristalsis, tremor) or lymph fluid flow in any part of the body;

[0031] Death: no movement or lymph fluid flow in any part of the body, or limb curling.

[0032] Table 1 Contact mite-killing effect at a mass percentage concentration of 10%

[0033]

[0034] Note: Different letters after the values in the table indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same indicates no significant difference (P > 0.05).

[0035] The results showed that the plant essential oil of Example 1 had the best contact mite-killing effect, with a mite mortality rate of 100% after 18 h of treatment, and the contact mite-killing effect was significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 5.

[0036] 2. Fumigation mite-killing

[0037] The plant essential oil was diluted with ethanol to a concentration of 10% (w / w), 100 μL of the plant essential oil dilution was evenly applied to a 37 mm diameter circular filter paper, which was then dried and placed in a 15 mL centrifuge tube. The female adult mites were placed in a 2 cm long plastic tube with holes at both ends, and the ends were plugged with absorbent cotton to allow the vapors to enter. The plastic tube containing the mites was then placed in the 15 mL centrifuge tube containing the pretreated filter paper, without allowing the mites to directly contact the treated paper. The centrifuge tube was capped as a closed system for testing, 15 adult female mites were placed in each treatment, and 3 replicates were performed, as follows Figure 1 The mortality rate of the mites after 18 hours was recorded, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 2 Fumigation mite-killing effect at a concentration of 10%

[0039]

[0040] Note: Different letters after the values in the table indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same indicates no significant difference (P > 0.05).

[0041] The results show that the plant essential oil of Example 1 has the best fumigation mite-killing effect, with a mite mortality rate of 95.6% after 18 hours of treatment, which is significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-5.

[0042] 3. Ovicidal activity

[0043] The plant essential oil was diluted with ethanol to a concentration of 10% (w / w), 100 μL of the plant essential oil dilution was evenly applied to a 37 mm diameter circular filter paper, which was then dried and placed in a 15 mL centrifuge tube. The female adult mites were placed in a 2 cm long plastic tube with holes at both ends, and the ends were plugged with absorbent cotton to allow the vapors to enter. The plastic tube containing the mites was then placed in the 15 mL centrifuge tube containing the pretreated filter paper, without allowing the mites to directly contact the treated paper. The centrifuge tube was capped as a closed system for testing, 15 adult female mites were placed in each treatment, and 3 replicates were performed, as follows

[0044] Table 3 Mite egg mortality rate at a concentration of 10%

[0045]

[0046] Note: Different letters after the values in the table indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same indicates no significant difference (P > 0.05).

[0047] The results show that the plant essential oil of Example 1 has the best fumigation mite-killing effect, with a mite mortality rate of 95.6% after 18 hours of treatment, which is significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-5.

[0048] 4. Toxicity persistence period

[0049] The plant essential oil was diluted with ethanol to a concentration of 10% (w / w) and tested according to the contact acaricidal assay method. After the filter paper treatment, the test was carried out at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days, respectively, 15 adult female mites were placed in each treatment, 3 replicates were made, and the mortality rate of the mites was recorded. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0050] Table 4 Acaricidal effect at different time periods after treatment at a concentration of 10%

[0051]

[0052] The results show that the acaricidal persistence time of the plant essential oil of Example 1 is the longest, which can maintain for 4 days; the acaricidal persistence time of the plant essential oil of Comparative Example 1 is 3 days, and the acaricidal persistence time of the plant essential oils of Comparative Examples 2-5 is only 2 days; the acaricidal effect of the plant essential oil of Example 1 at the 5 different time periods is better than that of Comparative Examples 1-5.

[0053] Chicken body acaricidal test

[0054] A certain free-range chicken farm in Hebei Province was seriously infected with chicken skin mites, and the chickens were obviously thin, and the egg production rate decreased. After checking the feathers and skin on the chicken body, it was found that there were red or black chicken skin mites crawling in the deep part of the chicken feathers. 75 laying hens infected with chicken skin mites for 22-25 weeks were selected, 15 chickens per test plot, separated by wire mesh, and a sand pit with a length of 2 m, a width of 1.5 m, and a height of 0.2 m was set up in each test plot. The sand pit was filled with sand mixed with plant essential oil to a height of 5 cm. The initial body weight of the test chickens was weighed one day before treatment, the initial weekly egg production rate was calculated one week before treatment, and the average weight gain and increased egg production rate of the test chickens were calculated 7 days after treatment. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0055] Table 5 Changes in body weight and egg production rate after treatment

[0056]

[0057] Note: Different letters in the table indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same indicates no significant difference (P > 0.05).

[0058] The results show that:

[0059] After treatment with the plant essential oil of Example 1, no obvious red or black chicken skin mites were found on the feathers and skin of the chicken body, and most of the identified mites were dead mites. The chicken skin had scabs, and there was no redness and inflammation. After treatment with the plant essential oils of Comparative Examples 1-5, red or black chicken skin mites were found on the feathers and skin of the chicken body, but the number of mites was significantly reduced compared to before treatment. Most of the identified mites on the surface of the chicken body were live mites, and some of the chicken skin had scabs, but there was no obvious improvement in redness and inflammation.

[0060] The average weight of the chickens treated by the plant essential oil of Example 1 increased by 25 g, and the effect of the present application on the weight recovery of the free-range chickens was significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-5; the laying rate of the chickens treated by the plant essential oil of Example 1 increased by 16%, which was significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-5.

[0061] The above test results show that the combination of the patchouli oil and the clove basil oil in a weight ratio of 3:1 has a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of the chicken skin mites, and the components have a significant synergistic effect; compared with the use of only one of the components, the replacement of one of the components, or the change of the ratio of the two components, the effect of the prevention and treatment of the chicken skin mites of the free-range chickens is obviously decreased. The sand bath treatment of the free-range chickens infected with the chicken skin mites by the present application can effectively kill the chicken skin mites on the body surface of the chickens, promote the recovery of the growth and the laying ability of the free-range chickens, and has a great significance in production.

[0062] The above examples are only used to illustrate the concept and implementation of the present application, and do not limit the present application; under the concept of the present application, the technical solutions without substantial changes are still within the protection scope.

Claims

1. A composite phyto-essential oil for killing chicken skin mites of free-range chickens, characterized in that The composite plant essential oil is composed of spearmint oil and clove basil oil, and the weight ratio of the spearmint oil and the clove basil oil is 3:

1.

2. Use of a complex of plant essential oils for killing chicken skin mites in free-range chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite plant essential oil is added into the sand as a sand additive, the adding amount is 1g / kg, and the sand is mixed uniformly and laid in a sand pit, and the thickness of the sand is 5cm.

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