A monitoring system and method for rubber-liquid composite bushings used in railway tracks.

Abstract

This invention discloses a monitoring system and method for rubber-liquid composite bushings used in railway tracks, comprising: a sensing module for real-time acquisition of hydraulic signals from the liquid chamber within the rubber-liquid composite bushing; a data analysis module for receiving the hydraulic signals and, based on these signals and utilizing a reference database, diagnosing the real-time status of the rubber-liquid composite bushing and the monitoring system, wherein, upon diagnosing a failure, a real-time status including the failure type is generated; and a host computer for responding to the real-time status. This invention enables monitoring of the operational status of the rubber-liquid composite bushing during its service life, improving the stability of the bushing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing technology for track vibration isolation and buffer components, and in particular to a monitoring system and method for track rubber-liquid composite bushings. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of rail transportation, vibration reduction and noise reduction are crucial technical issues that must be considered. To reduce wear, vibration noise, and facilitate replacement, bushings are used as the core component for vibration damping between two moving parts. Rubber-liquid composite bushing technology, through appropriate structural design and fluid encapsulation within the bushing's internal space, utilizes the inertia and viscosity of the liquid flow to achieve a more ideal stiffness-frequency relationship.

[0003] However, the existing technology does not involve monitoring technology for rubber-liquid composite bushings used in railway tracks, nor does it consider early warning schemes during the monitoring process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solution for service monitoring and early warning of rubber-liquid composite bushings for railway use, so as to provide early warning of common failure risks that may occur during the service of rubber-liquid composite bushings.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a monitoring system for a rubber-liquid composite bushing used in railway tracks, comprising: a sensing module for real-time acquisition of hydraulic signals from the liquid chamber within the rubber-liquid composite bushing; a data analysis module for receiving the hydraulic signals and, based on these signals, using a reference database to diagnose the real-time status of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing and the monitoring system, wherein, upon diagnosing a failure, a real-time status including the failure type is generated; and a host computer for responding to the real-time status.

[0006] Preferably, the failure types include bushing leakage failure, overload failure, and bushing vibration displacement exceeding limit failure. The data analysis module is further configured to diagnose whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure, overload failure, or bushing vibration displacement exceeding limit failure according to the following steps: Based on the actual load conditions of the train where the current rubber-liquid composite bushing is located and the train's real-time reference signal, the lower pressure limit threshold of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing under the actual load conditions is determined from the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper load condition and the lower load condition in the reference database. Then, based on the first hydraulic signal from the first liquid chamber and the second hydraulic signal from the second liquid chamber, the lower pressure limit threshold is used to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure. If it has, a bushing leakage failure report is generated. Effective information; based on the actual load conditions of the train where the rubber-liquid composite bushing is located and the real-time reference signal of the train, the pressure upper limit threshold of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing under the actual load conditions is determined from the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper load limit condition and the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the lower load limit condition in the reference database. Then, based on the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, the pressure upper limit threshold is used to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced overload failure. If so, overload failure information is generated. Based on the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of pressure and bushing vibration displacement within the upper and lower load frequency ranges in the reference database are used to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit. If so, bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit failure information is generated.

[0007] Preferably, the data analysis module is further configured to determine whether the current rubber-insulated composite bushing has experienced a bushing leakage failure according to the following steps: At a preset time interval, several signal segments of a first time length are extracted from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and a first value of the characteristic value of each signal segment is calculated. When the first value is less than a first proportion of the lower pressure threshold, a first leakage warning message is generated and the process proceeds to the next step. At a preset time interval, several signal segments of a first time length are further extracted from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and a second value of the characteristic value of each signal segment, the gradient data of the second value of the first hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding first value, and the gradient data of the second value of the second hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding first value are calculated. When the second value is less than a second proportion of the lower pressure threshold and the current gradient data is less than 0, the process continues. Next, a second leakage warning message is generated and the process proceeds to the next step, wherein the second ratio is less than the first ratio; according to a preset time interval, several signal segments of the first time length are extracted from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, respectively, and the third value of the feature value of each signal segment, the gradient data of the third value of the first hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding second value, and the gradient data of the third value of the second hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding second value are calculated. If the third value is less than the third ratio of the lower pressure threshold and the current gradient data is less than 0, a third leakage warning message is generated and the process proceeds to the next step, wherein the third ratio is less than the second ratio; if the first leakage warning message, the second leakage warning message, and the third leakage warning message are all generated, it is determined that the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure; otherwise, bushing leakage failure has not occurred.

[0008] Preferably, the data analysis module is further configured to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced overload failure by following the steps of: extracting several signal segments of a first time length from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal at a preset time interval, calculating the fourth value of the characteristic value of each signal segment, and determining that the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced overload failure when the fourth value exceeds the fourth proportion of the pressure upper limit threshold; otherwise, no overload failure has occurred.

[0009] Preferably, the first ratio is 0.75, the second ratio is 0.5, the third ratio is 0.25, the fourth ratio is 1.5, the characteristic value is the root mean square value, and the first time length Δt is... Among them, f min This indicates the lower limit of the load frequency.

[0010] Preferably, the failure type further includes sensor failure, wherein the data analysis module is further configured to diagnose whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system by the following steps: identifying the changing trend of each hydraulic signal based on the first hydraulic signal, the second hydraulic signal, and the flow channel hydraulic signal from the liquid flow channel, thereby determining whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system based on the changing trend of each hydraulic signal; if so, generating sensor failure information containing the failed sensor number, wherein if the changing trend of a certain hydraulic signal tends to 0 or a fixed constant, it indicates that the sensor corresponding to that hydraulic signal has failed.

[0011] Preferably, the data analysis module is further configured to diagnose whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system by the following steps: extracting signal segments of a first time length from the first hydraulic signal, the second hydraulic signal, and the flow channel hydraulic signal, calculating the fifth value of the characteristic value of each signal segment, and determining whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system by comparing the fifth values ​​of signals from different sources. If a sensor failure has occurred, sensor failure information containing the failure sensor number is generated. If the difference between the fifth value corresponding to a certain hydraulic signal and the fifth values ​​corresponding to the other two hydraulic signals exceeds a preset difference threshold, it indicates that the sensor corresponding to that hydraulic signal has failed.

[0012] Preferably, the sensing module includes at least three pressure sensors, which are respectively disposed inside the first liquid chamber, the second liquid chamber, and the liquid flow channel connecting the two liquid chambers of the rubber compound bushing.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring system further includes: a reference database testing platform, wherein the reference database testing platform includes: a first type of reference information testing unit, which is used to perform a frequency sweep test on the rubber-liquid composite bushing according to the upper and lower limit ranges of the load frequency of the rubber-liquid composite bushing, and measure the hydraulic signal of the liquid cavity in the rubber-liquid composite bushing, thereby obtaining the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of pressure versus bushing vibration displacement within the upper and lower limit ranges of the load frequency; and a second type of reference information testing unit, which is used to set a reference signal, conduct actual vehicle operation tests on the rubber-liquid composite bushing under the upper and lower limit load conditions after installation, and measure the hydraulic signal of the liquid cavity in the rubber-liquid composite bushing, thereby obtaining the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper and lower limit load conditions.

[0014] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a monitoring method for a rubber-liquid composite bushing for rail applications. The monitoring method utilizes the monitoring system described above, comprising: using a sensing module to acquire hydraulic signals from the liquid chamber within the rubber-liquid composite bushing in real time; a data analysis module receiving the hydraulic signals and, based on these signals, using a reference database to diagnose the real-time status of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing and the monitoring system, wherein, upon diagnosing a failure, a real-time status including the failure type is generated; and a host computer responding to the real-time status.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above solutions may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0016] This invention proposes a monitoring system and method for rubber-liquid composite bushings used in railway tracks. The system and method incorporate three pressure sensors for monitoring the operational status of the rubber-liquid composite bushing during service, improving the stability of the bushing and the monitoring system. Furthermore, the designed decision-making algorithm addresses the early warning problem of common failure mechanisms of the bushing and the monitoring system during service. The algorithm is simple, practical, and suitable for engineering applications.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring system for a track rubber-liquid composite bushing according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a monitoring system for a rubber-liquid composite bushing for railway tracks, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction principle of a reference database in a monitoring system for track rubber-liquid composite bushings according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the failure decision-making process in a monitoring system for track rubber-liquid composite bushings according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a monitoring method for a rubber-liquid composite bushing for railway tracks, according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that the process of how the present invention uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the various embodiments and features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.

[0026] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a” and “an” as used herein are also intended to include the plural. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “including” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, units, and / or components, without excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, units, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] To address the problems described in the background art, this application proposes a monitoring system and method for rubber-fluid composite bushings used in railway tracks. Since the internal fluid plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of the rubber-fluid composite bushing during its service life, this monitoring system and method utilizes pressure sensors installed inside the bushing to achieve real-time monitoring of the fluid pressure in the internal flow channels, which is essential for monitoring the bushing's operational status. Finally, by transmitting the data monitored by the pressure sensors to a data acquisition system in real time and processing it using a built-in algorithm, early warnings are provided for common failure risks that may arise during the service life of the rubber-fluid composite bushing and the sensors.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring system for a track rubber-liquid composite bushing, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring system described in this embodiment of the invention includes: a sensing module, a data analysis module, and a host computer.

[0029] The sensing module is used to acquire, in real time, the hydraulic signals of the liquid chamber within the rubber-liquid composite bushing (being measured). Additionally, the sensing module is also used to acquire, in real time, the hydraulic signals of the connecting channels within the liquid chamber of the rubber-liquid composite bushing (being measured).

[0030] The data analysis module is connected to the sensing module. The data analysis module receives hydraulic signals and, based on the received signals and using a reference database, performs data analysis and failure decision-making to diagnose the real-time status of the rubber-fluid composite bushing and monitoring system.

[0031] In one embodiment, the data analysis module is further configured to determine the current failure type and generate a real-time status containing the failure type when a failure is diagnosed in the current rubber-liquid composite bushing or monitoring system. Additionally, the data analysis module is further configured to generate a real-time status containing normal status information when no failure is diagnosed in the current rubber-liquid composite bushing or monitoring system.

[0032] The host computer is connected to the data analysis module. The host computer is used to respond to real-time status updates. Specifically, it parses real-time status information and, upon obtaining failure type information, displays the information included in the current failure type and issues an alert. Additionally, when normal status information is obtained, the host computer displays and prompts the user regarding the current normal status.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a monitoring system for a rubber-liquid composite bushing for railway tracks, according to an embodiment of this application. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The specific structure and implementation process of the monitoring system described in the embodiments of the present invention will be explained.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the internal structure of the rubber-liquid composite bushing 1 for the track under test includes a first liquid chamber 5, a second liquid chamber 7, and a liquid flow channel 6 connecting the two hydraulic chambers 5 and 7. The first liquid chamber 5, the second liquid chamber 7, and the liquid flow channel 6 are all filled with a composite liquid. During service, the rubber-liquid composite bushing will be subjected to dynamic forces applied from the outside, causing the internal fluid to flow between the two chambers 5 and 7 and their connecting fluid channel 6, thereby buffering and dissipating energy.

[0035] refer to Figure 2 The sensing module includes at least three pressure sensors. These pressure sensors are all miniature pressure sensors. The at least three pressure sensors are a first pressure sensor 2, a second pressure sensor 3, and a third pressure sensor 4. The second pressure sensor 3 is located inside the first liquid chamber 5 within the rubber compound bushing, the third pressure sensor 4 is located inside the second liquid chamber 7 within the rubber compound bushing, and the first pressure sensor 2 is located inside the liquid flow channel 6 within the rubber compound bushing.

[0036] Pressure sensors 2, 3, and 4 transmit the hydraulic signals measured in real time to data acquisition module 8. After signal low-pass filtering, signal interception, data analysis, and failure decision-making by data acquisition module 8, the real-time status of the track rubber-liquid composite bushing and monitoring system is transmitted to host computer 9 for display. When host computer 9 receives failure information, it issues an early warning for the current failure phenomenon.

[0037] Furthermore, the monitoring system described in this embodiment of the invention also includes: a reference database testing platform (unnumbered). This reference database testing platform includes: a first type of reference information testing unit and a second type of reference information testing unit.

[0038] In one embodiment, the first type of reference information test unit is used to perform a frequency sweep test on the rubber-liquid composite bushing based on the upper and lower limits of the load frequency range. During the sweep test, the hydraulic signals in the liquid cavities 5 and 7 within the rubber-liquid composite bushing are simultaneously measured to obtain the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of pressure versus bushing vibration displacement within the upper and lower limits of the load frequency range. In this embodiment, the maximum displacement amplitude of the frequency sweep test is the maximum absolute value of the allowable displacement of the rubber-liquid composite bushing.

[0039] In another embodiment, the second type of reference information test unit is used to set reference signals and conduct actual vehicle operation tests on the rubber-liquid composite bushing under the upper and lower load conditions after installation. During the actual vehicle operation test, the hydraulic signals of the liquid chambers 5 and 7 in the rubber-liquid composite bushing are measured simultaneously, thereby obtaining the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper load condition and the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the lower load condition.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the reference signal is preferably a velocity signal. Furthermore, the curve of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper limit load condition generated by the second type of reference information testing unit is the same as the pressure data change curve with different velocity data under the upper limit load condition. Additionally, the curve of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the lower limit load condition generated by the second type of reference information testing unit is the same as the pressure data change curve with different velocity data under the lower limit load condition.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction principle of a reference database in a monitoring system for track rubber-liquid composite bushings according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] In the process of constructing a reference database for the pressure monitoring system of rubber-liquid composite bushings for rail applications, the sample data of the reference database comes from two parts: bench test data before the rubber-liquid composite bushings enter service and real vehicle test data under the service environment of the rubber-liquid composite bushings.

[0043] Before conducting bench tests on rubber-liquid composite bushings for service, the first step is to determine the upper limit of the load frequency f during the service life of the rubber-liquid composite bushing. max and load frequency lower limit f min In the frequency range [f min f max The frequency range is divided into n equal parts, and a frequency sweep test is performed on the rubber-liquid composite bushing. Hydraulic signals from the second and third sensors are collected, processed using a low-pass filtering algorithm, and then stored. Subsequently, the collected hydraulic data is analyzed to obtain the frequency range of the rubber-liquid composite bushing within the [f] frequency range. min f max The amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of sensor pressure and bushing vibration displacement are shown. Among them, the maximum displacement amplitude of the sweep frequency test is the maximum absolute value of the allowable displacement of the rubber-liquid composite bushing.

[0044] After the rubber-liquid composite liner has been in service, firstly, multiple rounds of real-world vehicle operation tests were conducted under actual environmental conditions at both the upper and lower load limits. Hydraulic signals from the second and third sensors were collected, processed using a low-pass filtering algorithm, and then stored. Subsequently, a reference signal characterizing the train's operating conditions (e.g., train speed) was selected, and the collected hydraulic data was analyzed to obtain pressure data variation curves under the upper load limit condition and under the lower load limit condition, as well as pressure data variation curves as a function of the reference signal.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the failure decision-making process in a monitoring system for track rubber-liquid composite bushings, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the failure types include: bushing leakage failure, overload failure, bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit failure, and sensor failure.

[0046] In one embodiment, the data analysis module 8 is used to diagnose whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure, overload failure, and bushing vibration displacement exceeding limit failure, respectively, based on the first hydraulic signal from the first liquid chamber 5 and the second hydraulic signal from the second liquid chamber 7.

[0047] In another embodiment, the data analysis module 8 is also used to diagnose whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system based on the first hydraulic signal from the first liquid chamber 5, the second hydraulic signal from the second liquid chamber 7, and the flow channel hydraulic signal from the liquid flow channel 6.

[0048] like Figure 4As shown, when diagnosing whether bushing leakage failure has occurred, the data analysis module 8 first determines the lower pressure limit threshold of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing under actual load conditions based on the actual load conditions of the train where the current rubber-liquid composite bushing is located and the real-time reference signal of the train, from the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper load condition and the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the lower load condition in the reference database; then, based on the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, it uses the above-mentioned lower pressure limit threshold to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure. If it has, bushing leakage failure information is generated.

[0049] Specifically, the data analysis module 8 first selects a matching load condition curve from the reference database based on the actual load conditions of the train. Then, it determines the pressure data corresponding to the current train speed and uses this pressure data as the lower pressure threshold. Next, the data analysis module 8 extracts several signal segments of a first time length from the first hydraulic signal and several signal segments of the first time length from the second hydraulic signal at preset time intervals, calculating the first value of the characteristic value for each signal segment. When the first value of all signal segments is less than a first proportion of the aforementioned lower pressure threshold, a first leakage warning is generated, and the process proceeds to the next step.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the first ratio is 0.75. The first time length Δt is... The characteristic value is the root mean square value.

[0051] Subsequently, the data analysis module 8 will continue to extract several signal segments of the first time length from the first hydraulic signal and several signal segments of the first time length from the second hydraulic signal at preset time intervals. It will calculate the second value of the characteristic value of each signal segment, the gradient data of the second value of the first hydraulic signal segment relative to the first value of the corresponding hydraulic signal, and the gradient data of the second value of the second hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding first value. If all second values ​​are less than the second proportion of the aforementioned lower pressure threshold, and the current gradient data are all less than 0, a second leakage warning message will be generated, and the process will proceed to the next step. The second proportion is less than the first proportion.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the second ratio is 0.5.

[0053] Next, the data analysis module 8 will continue to extract several signal segments of the first time length from the first hydraulic signal and several signal segments of the first time length from the second hydraulic signal at preset time intervals. It will calculate the third value of the characteristic value of each signal segment, the gradient data of the third value of the first hydraulic signal segment relative to the second value of the corresponding hydraulic signal, and the gradient data of the third value of the second hydraulic signal segment relative to the second value of the corresponding hydraulic signal. If all third values ​​are less than the third proportion of the aforementioned lower pressure threshold, and the current gradient data are all less than 0, a third leakage warning message will be generated, and the process will proceed to the next step. The third proportion is less than the second proportion.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the third ratio is 0.25.

[0055] Finally, if the first, second, and third leakage warning messages are all generated, the data analysis module 8 will determine that the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure. At this time, it will generate a real-time status including information indicating that the failure type is bushing leakage failure; otherwise, it will indicate that no bushing leakage failure has occurred.

[0056] Specifically, for the extracted data segment, the time-domain curves of the first and second hydraulic signals, as well as the real-time data of the reference signal, are obtained. The data from sensor 2 and sensor 3 are analyzed, and based on the reference signal, the lower limit p of the pressure reference root mean square value under this operating condition is obtained by looking up a table in the reference database. ref If the root mean square values ​​of sensor 2 and sensor 3 satisfy p2 < 0.75p ref And p3 < 0.75p ref The first leak warning is sent; thereafter, the root mean square (RMS) values ​​of sensors 2 and 3 and their gradient data over time are recorded, with the RMS values ​​of sensors 2 and 3 satisfying p2 < 0.5p. ref And p3 < 0.5p ref If the gradient is less than 0, a second leak warning will be sent; if p2 < 0.25p ref And p3 < 0.25p ref If the gradient is less than 0, then a third leak warning will be sent.

[0057] like Figure 4As shown, when diagnosing whether an overload failure has occurred, the data analysis module 8 first determines the upper pressure threshold of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing under actual load conditions based on the actual load conditions of the train where the current rubber-liquid composite bushing is located and the real-time reference signal of the train, from the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper load condition and the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the lower load condition in the reference database; then, based on the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, it uses the above-mentioned upper pressure threshold to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced an overload failure. If it has, overload failure information is generated.

[0058] Specifically, the data analysis module 8 first selects a matching load condition curve from the reference database based on the actual load conditions of the train. Then, it determines the pressure data corresponding to the current train speed and uses this pressure data as the upper pressure threshold. Next, the data analysis module 8 extracts several signal segments of the first time length from the first hydraulic signal and several signal segments of the first time length from the second hydraulic signal at preset time intervals. It calculates the fourth value of the characteristic value of each signal segment. When all fourth values ​​exceed the fourth proportion of the upper pressure threshold, it determines that the rubber-hydraulic composite bushing has experienced an overload failure. At this point, a real-time status including information indicating an overload failure is generated; otherwise, no overload failure has occurred.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, the fourth ratio is 1.5.

[0060] Specifically, for the extracted data segment, the time-domain curves of the first and second hydraulic signals, and the real-time data of the reference signal are obtained. The data from sensors 2 and 3 are analyzed, and based on the reference signal, the upper limit p of the pressure reference root mean square value under this operating condition is obtained by looking up a table in the reference database. lim If the data from sensor 2 and sensor 3 satisfy p2 > 1.5p lim And p3 > 1.5p lim If so, an overload warning will be sent.

[0061] refer to Figure 4 When diagnosing whether bushing vibration displacement exceeds the limit, the data analysis module 8 first uses the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of pressure and bushing vibration displacement within the upper and lower limit range of load frequency in the reference database, to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit. If it does, it generates bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit failure information.

[0062] Specifically, the data analysis module 8 extracts several signal segments of the first time length from the first hydraulic signal and several signal segments of the first time length from the second hydraulic signal according to a preset time interval. It calculates the sixth value of the characteristic value of each signal segment. When a certain sixth value exceeds the pressure data range indicated in the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of pressure and bushing vibration displacement, it is determined that the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing vibration displacement over-limit failure. At this time, a real-time status including information on failure type bushing vibration displacement over-limit failure is generated; otherwise, no overload failure has occurred.

[0063] Continue to refer to Figure 4 When diagnosing whether a sensor failure has occurred, the data analysis module 8 identifies the changing trend of each hydraulic signal based on the first hydraulic signal, the second hydraulic signal, and the flow channel hydraulic signal. Based on the changing trend of each hydraulic signal, it determines whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system. If so, it generates sensor failure information containing the number of the failed sensor.

[0064] In one embodiment, if the data analysis module 8 detects that the change trend of a certain hydraulic signal tends to 0 or tends to a fixed constant, it indicates that the sensor corresponding to the hydraulic signal has failed. At this time, a real-time status including the failure type of the failed sensor number is generated; otherwise, no sensor failure has occurred.

[0065] In addition, when diagnosing whether a sensor failure has occurred, the data analysis module 8 described in this embodiment of the invention can first extract signal segments of a first time length from the first hydraulic signal, the second hydraulic signal, and the flow channel hydraulic signal, respectively, calculate the fifth value of the characteristic value of each signal segment, and determine whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system by comparing the fifth values ​​of signals from different sources. If a sensor failure occurs, sensor failure information containing the failure sensor number is generated.

[0066] In one embodiment, if the data analysis module 8 detects that the difference between the fifth value corresponding to a certain hydraulic signal and the fifth values ​​corresponding to the other two hydraulic signals exceeds a preset difference threshold, it indicates that the sensor corresponding to that hydraulic signal has failed. At this time, a real-time status including the sensor number information as the failure type is generated; otherwise, no sensor failure has occurred.

[0067] Based on the monitoring system for track rubber-liquid composite bushings described above, this invention also provides a monitoring method for track rubber-liquid composite bushings. This monitoring method utilizes the monitoring system described above.

[0068] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a monitoring method for a rubber-liquid composite bushing for railway tracks, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the monitoring method described in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

[0069] Step S501: Use the sensing module to collect the hydraulic signal of the liquid chamber in the rubber compound bushing in real time.

[0070] In step S502, the data analysis module receives the hydraulic signal and, based on this, uses a reference database to diagnose the real-time status of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing and monitoring system. When a failure is diagnosed, a real-time status including the failure type is generated.

[0071] Step S503: Utilize the host computer to respond to the real-time status.

[0072] This invention discloses a monitoring system and method for rubber-liquid composite bushings used in railway tracks. The system and method incorporate three pressure sensors for monitoring the operational status of the rubber-liquid composite bushing during service, improving the stability of the bushing and the monitoring system. Furthermore, the designed decision-making algorithm addresses the early warning problem of common failure mechanisms of the bushing and the monitoring system during service. The algorithm is simple, practical, and suitable for engineering applications.

[0073] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0074] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0075] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0076] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features as understood by those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0077] The phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" used in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0078] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection of this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for rubber-liquid composite bushings used in railway tracks, characterized in that, include: The sensing module is used to acquire hydraulic signals from the liquid chamber inside the rubber compound bushing in real time. The data analysis module receives hydraulic signals and, based on these signals, uses a reference database to diagnose the real-time status of the current rubber-fluid composite bushing and monitoring system. When a failure is detected, it generates a real-time status including the failure type. A host computer is used to respond to the real-time status, wherein the failure types include bushing leakage failure, overload failure, and bushing vibration displacement exceeding limits failure. The data analysis module is also used to diagnose whether the current rubber compound bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure, overload failure, or bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit failure by following the steps below: Based on the actual load conditions of the train where the rubber-liquid composite bushing is located and the real-time reference signal of the train, the lower limit threshold of the pressure of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing under the actual load conditions is determined from the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper limit load conditions and the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the lower limit load conditions in the reference database. Then, based on the first hydraulic signal from the first liquid chamber and the second hydraulic signal from the second liquid chamber, the lower limit threshold is used to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure. If it has, bushing leakage failure information is generated. Based on the actual load conditions of the train where the rubber-liquid composite bushing is located and the real-time reference signal of the train, the pressure upper limit threshold of the current rubber-liquid composite bushing under the actual load conditions is determined from the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the upper limit load conditions and the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signal under the lower limit load conditions in the reference database. Then, based on the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, the pressure upper limit threshold is used to determine whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced overload failure. If it has, overload failure information is generated. Based on the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and using the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of pressure and bushing vibration displacement within the upper and lower limit range of the load frequency in the reference database, it is determined whether the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit. If it does, bushing vibration displacement exceeding the limit failure information is generated. The data analysis module is also used to determine whether the current rubber compound bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure by following the steps below: According to a preset time interval, several signal segments of a first time length are extracted from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and the first value of the characteristic value of each signal segment is calculated. When the first value is less than the first proportion of the lower pressure threshold, a first leakage warning message is generated and the next step is initiated. According to a preset time interval, several signal segments of the first time length are extracted from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, respectively. The second value of the feature value of each signal segment, the gradient data of the second value of the first hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding first value, and the gradient data of the second value of the second hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding first value are calculated. When the second value is less than the second ratio of the lower pressure threshold and the current gradient data is less than 0, a second leakage warning information is generated and the next step is performed. The second ratio is less than the first ratio. According to a preset time interval, several signal segments of the first time length are extracted from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, respectively. The third value of the feature value of each signal segment, the gradient data of the third value of the first hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding second value, and the gradient data of the third value of the second hydraulic signal segment relative to the corresponding second value are calculated. When the third value is less than the third ratio of the lower pressure threshold and the current gradient data is less than 0, a third leakage warning information is generated and the next step is initiated. The third ratio is less than the second ratio. If the first leakage warning, the second leakage warning, and the third leakage warning are all generated, it is determined that the current rubber-plastic composite bushing has experienced bushing leakage failure; otherwise, no bushing leakage failure has occurred.

2. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data analysis module is also used to determine whether the current rubber-plastic composite bushing has experienced overload failure by following these steps: According to a preset time interval, several signal segments of a first time length are extracted from the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and the fourth value of the characteristic value of each signal segment is calculated. When the fourth value exceeds the fourth proportion of the upper limit threshold of the pressure, it is determined that the current rubber-liquid composite bushing has experienced overload failure; otherwise, no overload failure has occurred.

3. The monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first ratio is 0.75, the second ratio is 0.5, the third ratio is 0.25, the fourth ratio is 1.5, the characteristic value is the root mean square value, and the first time length Δt is... Among them, f min This indicates the lower limit of the load frequency.

4. The monitoring system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The failure types also include sensor failure, wherein the data analysis module is further used to diagnose whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system by following the steps below: Based on the first hydraulic signal, the second hydraulic signal, and the flow channel hydraulic signal from the liquid flow channel, the changing trend of each hydraulic signal is identified. Based on the changing trend of each hydraulic signal, it is determined whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system. If so, sensor failure information containing the failed sensor number is generated. If the trend of a certain hydraulic signal changes to 0 or a fixed constant, it indicates that the sensor corresponding to that hydraulic signal has failed.

5. The monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data analysis module is also used to diagnose whether the current monitoring system has experienced sensor failure by following these steps: Signal segments of a first time length are extracted from the first hydraulic signal, the second hydraulic signal, and the flow channel hydraulic signal. The fifth value of the characteristic value of each signal segment is calculated. By comparing the fifth values ​​of signals from different sources, it is determined whether a sensor failure has occurred in the current monitoring system. If so, sensor failure information containing the failed sensor number is generated. If the difference between the fifth value corresponding to a certain hydraulic signal and the fifth values ​​corresponding to the other two hydraulic signals exceeds a preset difference threshold, it indicates that the sensor corresponding to that hydraulic signal has failed.

6. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The sensing module includes at least three pressure sensors, which are respectively disposed inside the first liquid chamber, the second liquid chamber, and the liquid flow channel connecting the two liquid chambers of the rubber compound bushing.

7. The monitoring system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The monitoring system further includes: a reference database testing platform, wherein the reference database testing platform includes: The first type of reference information test unit is used to perform a frequency sweep test on the rubber-liquid composite bushing according to the upper and lower limit range of the load frequency of the rubber-liquid composite bushing, and measure the hydraulic signal of the liquid cavity in the rubber-liquid composite bushing, thereby obtaining the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of pressure and bushing vibration displacement within the upper and lower limit range of the load frequency. The second type of reference information test unit is used to set reference signals and conduct actual vehicle operation tests on the rubber-liquid composite bushing under the upper and lower load conditions after installation. It also measures the hydraulic signal of the liquid cavity in the rubber-liquid composite bushing to obtain the curves of pressure data changing with the reference signals under the upper and lower load conditions.

8. A monitoring method for rubber-liquid composite bushings used in railway tracks, characterized in that, The monitoring method is implemented using the monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the monitoring method includes: The hydraulic signals of the liquid chamber inside the rubber-liquid composite bushing are collected in real time using a sensing module. The data analysis module receives hydraulic signals and, based on these signals, uses a reference database to diagnose the real-time status of the current rubber-fluid composite bushing and monitoring system. When a failure is detected, a real-time status including the failure type is generated. The host computer is used to respond to the real-time status.

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