An efficient continuous mining method for complete separation

Abstract

The present invention discloses an efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation, comprising the following steps: dividing the ore body into several stoping units, connecting the first stoping unit to the crosscut roadway through a drilling roadway, and connecting the remaining stoping units to the crosscut roadway through ore-drawing roadways; after mining the first stoping unit, dividing the mined-out area into an independent replacement area and a receiving area by a splicing wall, then filling the replacement area and not filling the receiving area; using the receiving area reserved by the first stoping unit as a blasting free face for the second stoping unit, blasting and drawing ore row by row towards this receiving area; dividing the mined-out area of the second stoping unit into an independent replacement area and a receiving area by a splicing wall; filling the receiving area of the first stoping unit and the replacement area of the second stoping unit, and not filling the receiving area of the second stoping unit; and so on until the mining and filling of all stoping units are completed. The partition wall of the present invention divides each mined-out area into two independent parts, namely a replacement area and a receiving area, so that each mined-out area reserves the receiving area as the free space for blasting and ore drawing of subsequent stoping units. This can not only cut off the direct contact between the blasting operation and the filling body, minimizing the damage of the blasting impact to the filling body to the greatest extent, but also avoid the delay of subsequent stoping unit mining due to filling consolidation, greatly improving the overall mining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of mine exploitation and relates to an efficient continuous exploitation method for separating mining and filling. Background Art

[0002] The prerequisite for ore body exploitation is to have enough space to accommodate the blasted ore pile. Before each stope is exploited, a cut must be made to create a caving space for subsequent exploitation. The cut is a refined operation process. Whether it is a blasting cut or a raise boring cut, it involves multiple processes such as chamber tunneling, drilling, equipment installation, rock drilling, and ore drawing. There are many steps, a long duration, high safety risks, a slow cut formation process, which delays the stope advancing process and reduces the exploitation efficiency. Moreover, the stability of the mine rock mass varies greatly, and the rock mass conditions in some areas are broken, making it difficult to form a cut. Therefore, a large amount of manpower, material resources, and financial resources have to be invested, resulting in high mining time costs and economic costs, and even possible resource losses and waste.

[0003] Another key problem affecting the exploitation efficiency is that filling restricts the exploitation. For the stopes with step-by-step exploitation, after one step of exploitation is completed, the goaf must be filled. The filling consolidation process usually takes more than 1 month. The exploitation of the second-step stope can only be carried out after the filling body has consolidated to the designed strength, which seriously hinders the improvement of the exploitation efficiency. Especially when step-by-step filling is adopted, each step needs to be consolidated. By the time the entire goaf is filled, it often takes several months, and the mining plan has to be adjusted, greatly disturbing the mine production order. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient continuous exploitation method for separating mining and filling that can be achieved with only one cut.

[0005] The efficient continuous exploitation method for separating mining and filling provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] Divide the ore body into several mining units. The first mining unit is connected to the drift roadway through a drilling roadway, and the remaining mining units are connected to the drift roadway through an ore-drawing roadway;

[0007] After the first mining unit is exploited, divide the goaf into an independent replacement area and a receiving area through a splicing wall, then fill the replacement area and do not fill the receiving area;

[0008] The second mining unit uses the receiving area reserved by the first mining unit as a blasting free face, blasts and draws ore row by row towards the receiving area;

[0009] Divide the goaf of the second mining unit into an independent replacement area and a receiving area through a splicing wall;

[0010] Fill the receiving area of the first mining unit and the replacement area of the second mining unit, and do not fill the receiving area of the second mining unit;

[0011] And so on until the mining and filling of all stopes are completed.

[0012] When the above method is implemented, during the mining of the first unit, first, a tunneling roadway is opened at the bottom of the unit, a slot area is formed by grooving at the end of the unit, fan-shaped blast holes are constructed from the tunneling roadway, charged and blasted with the slot area as the free face, and after retreating mining and ore drawing, a mined-out area is formed.

[0013] When the above method is implemented, the splicing wall is arranged at the middle position in the width direction of the mined-out area of each stope.

[0014] When the above method is implemented, the splicing wall includes several wall panels, each wall panel includes a solid pressure-resistant plate, a fixed grid and a movable grid. The fixed grid is connected to one side of the thickness of the solid pressure-resistant plate, and one side in the height direction of the movable grid is rotatably connected to the fixed grid.

[0015] When the above method is implemented, the fixed grid is a double-layer steel bar grid, and the inner steel bar grid is provided with connecting steel bars for connecting the solid pressure-resistant plate.

[0016] When the above method is implemented, the movable grid includes vertical connecting bars, pressure plates and torsion springs. There are multiple vertical connecting bars, multiple pressure plates are fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting bars in parallel up and down, a circular hole penetrating through its thickness is arranged at one end of the length direction of each pressure plate, a torsion spring is fixed corresponding to the circular hole, and a groove for clamping the fixed grid is arranged on the inner side in the width direction of the pressure plate.

[0017] When the above method is implemented, when the movable grid is assembled with the vertical steel bars of the fixed grid through the circular hole and the torsion spring, the lower end of the torsion spring is fixed to the vertical steel bar. Under the action of the torsion spring, the movable grid and the fixed grid are in a perpendicular intersection state.

[0018] When the above method is implemented, the height of the movable grid is less than the height of the fixed grid, and the height of the fixed grid is the same as the height of the solid pressure-resistant plate.

[0019] When the above method is implemented, after the movable grid and the fixed grid are assembled, a pull rope is fixed on the vertical connecting bar far from the torsion spring, and the pull rope is wound around the thickness side of the solid pressure-resistant plate and then fixed to the pull ring on its back.

[0020] When the above method is implemented, a support block is arranged on one side of the thickness of the solid plate, and a blade is vertically arranged at the corresponding position on the other side. The pull rope passes through the support block, and the blade is used to cut the pull rope during the assembly of the wall panel.

[0021] In the present invention, each goaf is separated into two independent parts, namely a replacement area and a receiving area, by a splicing wall. In each goaf, the receiving area is reserved as the free space for blasting ore drawing in the subsequent stoping unit. This can not only cut off the direct contact between the blasting operation and the filling body, minimizing the damage to the filling body caused by blasting impact to the greatest extent, but also avoid the delay of filling consolidation for the mining of the subsequent stoping unit, greatly improving the overall mining efficiency. At the same time, except for the first stoping unit that needs to cut a slot, the subsequent stoping units directly use the previously reserved receiving area as the slot area for blasting ore drawing without cutting a slot, effectively avoiding the risk of roof fall and rib spalling during the slot cutting process. More importantly, due to the ingenious construction of the slot area parallel to the stoping unit by the receiving area reserved by the previous stoping unit, the present invention creates a new blasthole ore drawing process, that is, horizontal blastholes are constructed from the crosscut roadway, and blasting ore drawing is carried out with the artificial slot area as the free face. This process does not require driving a tunneling and drilling roadway into the ore body, and the entire blasting operation is carried out outside the stope, greatly reducing the driving workload, improving the drilling efficiency, and effectively avoiding the risk of roof fall during the operation in the stope. It is an intrinsically safe continuous mining method for separating mining and filling. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the initial assembly of the wall panels of the splicing wall in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the transportation state of the wall panels of the splicing wall in this embodiment.

[0024] Figure 3 It is an enlarged top view schematic diagram of the pressing plate in this embodiment.

[0025] Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the splicing joint of the wall panels of the splicing wall in this embodiment.

[0026] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B in

[0027] Figures 6 to 11 It is a schematic diagram of the construction process in this embodiment. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0028] The splicing wall PJQ in this embodiment includes several wall panels QB, and the specific quantity is determined by the size of the goaf. The structure of the wall panel is as Figures 1 - 3 shown, and adjacent wall panels are spliced left and right, and the splicing structure is as Figures 4 - 5 shown.

[0029] The wall panel includes a solid pressure-resistant plate 1, a fixed grid 2, and a movable grid 3.

[0030] The solid pressure-resistant plate 1 is a light plate.

[0031] The fixed grid 2 has two layers of steel bar nets, namely an inner layer and an outer layer. They are respectively formed by tying vertical steel bars and horizontal steel bars. The two layers of steel bar nets are tied into a whole through horizontal connecting bars. Among them, fixed steel bars 4 for connecting the solid pressure plate 1 are welded on the outer layer of the steel bar net.

[0032] The planar dimension and height dimension of the fixed grid 2 are the same as those of the solid pressure plate 1.

[0033] The movable grid 3 includes vertical connecting bars 31, pressure plates 32 and torsion springs 33. There are multiple vertical connecting bars and multiple pressure plates. Circular holes are respectively arranged at one ends of the pressure plates, and torsion springs are fixed at the circular holes. The pressure plates sequentially pass through the vertical connecting bars and are fixed at a specified spacing.

[0034] The planar dimension of the movable grid 3 is the same as that of the solid pressure plate 1, and the height is less than the height of the solid pressure plate.

[0035] The movable grid 3 is assembled with the vertical steel bars of the inner layer steel bar net of the fixed grid 2 through the circular holes on its pressure plate 32 and the torsion springs 33.

[0036] Therefore, during production, the movable grid 3 should be manufactured first. When manufacturing the fixed grid 2, the specified vertical steel bars of the fixed grid pass through the torsion springs 33 and the pressure plates 32, and then the vertical steel bars are tied and fixed with the horizontal steel bars. And after the fixed grid 2 is manufactured, the lower end of the torsion spring 33 is fixed with the vertical steel bar.

[0037] The state after the movable grid 3 and the fixed grid 2 are assembled is that the movable grid 3 and the fixed grid 2 are vertically intersected, as Figure 1 shown.

[0038] When the fixed grid 2 is assembled with the solid pressure plate 1, it is connected and fixed with the solid pressure plate 1 through the fixed steel bars 4, or a rectangular steel plate is welded at the outer end of the fixed steel bars 4, and the rectangular steel plate is then connected and fixed with the solid pressure plate through fasteners.

[0039] In order to facilitate the quick splicing between the wall panels QB, the adjacent wall panels are assembled in an insertion manner. A sleeve 5 is welded on the horizontal steel bar corresponding to the assembly side of one wall panel, and a plug rod 6 is welded on the horizontal steel bar corresponding to the assembly side of the other wall panel, as Figure 4 shown.

[0040] In order to facilitate the transportation of the wall panels, after the wall panels are manufactured, the movable grid 3 is tied well:

[0041] A pull rope 7 (preferably a hemp rope) is fixed on the vertical connecting bar on the outer side in the height direction of the movable grid 3, as Figure 1 shown.

[0042] As Figure 4 、 Figure 5As shown in the figure, support blocks 8 are arranged on the thickness side of the solid pressure-resistant plate 1, and the top surface of the support blocks 8 is a concave arc surface. A pull ring 9 is arranged on the back surface of the solid plate 1. The pull rope 7 is wound around the support blocks 8 from the thickness side of the solid plate 1 and then fixed to the pull ring 9, so that the movable grid 3 is engaged with the fixed grid 2. To avoid interference between the pressure plate 32 of the movable grid 3 and the vertical steel bars of the fixed grid 2, when the pressure plate 32 is manufactured, a steel bar relief groove 321 is opened on its inner side. The state of the movable grid 3 after being tied is as shown in Figure 2 the figure.

[0043] The wall panel is transported in the state as shown in Figure 2 the figure.

[0044] When the wall panel is installed, the pull rope 7 is cut off, and the movable grid 3 automatically bounces back to a state perpendicular to and intersecting with the fixed grid 2.

[0045] The purpose of setting the fixed grid 2 on the wall panel is to enhance the strength of the solid pressure-resistant plate 1 and reduce the extrusion effect of the filling body on the solid plate. The purpose of setting the movable grid 3 is to enhance the overall stability of the wall panel and the filling body.

[0046] In order to enable the movable grid 3 to automatically bounce back, a blade DP is arranged on the splicing side of adjacent wall panels. When adjacent wall panels are assembled, the blade is vertically located on the central plane of the concave arc surface of the support block 8 on another wall panel. The wall panel with the support block is pushed towards the adjacent wall panel until the blade cuts off the pull rope. The movable grid 3 loses the restraint of the pull rope 7 and automatically bounces back under the reaction force of the torsion spring 33.

[0047] As Figures 6 to 11 shown in the figure, the construction process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0048] The ore body is divided into several stoping units. The first stoping unit is connected to the drift 11 through the drilling roadway 10, and the remaining stoping units are connected to the drift 11 through the ore-drawing roadway 12, as shown in Figure 6 the figure.

[0049] Mine the first stoping unit. First, the drilling roadway is opened at the bottom of the unit, and a slot area 13 is formed by cutting a groove at the end of the unit. Fan-shaped blast holes are drilled from the bottom drilling roadway, charged and blasted with the slot area as the free face, and mined and ore-drawn in a retreating manner to form a mined-out area.

[0050] After the first stoping unit is mined, a splicing wall PJQ is set at the middle position of the mined-out area. The mined-out area is separated into an independent replacement area 14 and a receiving area 15 through the splicing wall, as shown in Figure 7 the figure. After the splicing wall is spliced, the state of each wall panel is as shown in Figure 1 the figure (the movable grid intersects perpendicularly with the fixed grid). Then the replacement area is filled, and the receiving area is not filled, as shown in Figure 8 the figure.

[0051] The fixed grid 2 is located on the filling surface of the wall panel. Therefore, during filling, both the movable grid and the fixed grid are buried in the filling slurry and finally form an integral part with the filling body, which can well ensure the stability and tolerance of the spliced wall.

[0052] The second mining unit uses the receiving area reserved by the first mining unit as the blasting free surface and blasts and mines ore row by row towards this receiving area, as Figure 8 , Figure 9 shown. After ore extraction, the goaf in the second mining unit is divided into independent replacement areas and receiving areas by spliced walls. The receiving area of the first mining unit and the replacement area of the second mining unit are filled, and the receiving area 15 of the second mining unit is not filled, as Figure 10 shown.

[0053] And so on until all mining units have completed mining and filling, as Figure 11 shown.

[0054] During the entire mining and filling process, spliced walls are set at the middle positions of each mining unit. Except for the first mining unit and the last mining unit, the filling area of other mining units is the goaf of one mining unit, and the filling does not affect the mining of subsequent units.

[0055] Figures 7 to 11 In, neither the fixed grid nor the movable grid of the wall panel of the spliced wall is shown. The state after the wall panel is installed is Figure 1 shown. The outside of the solid pressure-resistant plate is the receiving area, serving as the ore receiving space for the next mining unit.

[0056] In the present invention, each goaf is divided into two independent parts, namely a replacement area and a receiving area, by a spliced wall. The receiving area is reserved in each goaf as the free space for blasting and mining of subsequent mining units. This can not only cut off the direct contact between blasting operations and the filling body, minimize the damage of blasting impact to the filling body to the greatest extent, but also avoid the delay of filling consolidation in subsequent mining units, greatly improving the overall mining efficiency. At the same time, in the present invention, except for the first mining unit that needs to cut a groove, subsequent mining units directly use the previously reserved receiving area as the groove area for blasting and mining without cutting a groove, which can effectively avoid the risk of roof fall and rib spalling during the grooving process. More importantly, due to the ingenious construction of the groove area parallel to the mining unit through the receiving area reserved by the previous mining unit, the present invention creates a new blasthole mining process, that is, horizontal blastholes are constructed from the crosscut, and blasting and mining are carried out with the artificial groove area as the free surface. This process does not require driving a drifting and drilling roadway into the ore body, and the entire blasting operation is carried out outside the stope, greatly reducing the driving workload, improving the drilling efficiency, and effectively avoiding the risk of roof fall during the operation in the stope. It is an intrinsically safe continuous mining method for separating mining and filling.

Claims

1. An efficient continuous mining method for complete separation, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: The ore body is divided into several stoping units. The first stoping unit is connected to the crosscut roadway through a drilling roadway, and the remaining stoping units are connected to the crosscut roadway through ore-drawing roadways. After the first stoping unit is mined, the mined-out area is separated into an independent replacement area and a receiving area by a splicing wall, and then the replacement area is filled while the receiving area is not filled. The splicing wall is arranged at the middle position in the width direction of the mined-out area of each stoping unit. The splicing wall comprises several wall panels. Each wall panel comprises a solid pressure-resistant plate, a fixed grid and a movable grid. The fixed grid is connected to one side of the thickness of the solid pressure-resistant plate, and one side in the height direction of the movable grid is rotatably connected to the fixed grid. The state after the movable grid and the fixed grid are assembled is that the movable grid and the fixed grid are vertically intersected. The purpose of setting the fixed grid is to enhance the strength of the solid pressure-resistant plate and reduce the extrusion effect of the filling body on the solid plate. The purpose of setting the movable grid is to enhance the overall stability of the wall panel and the filling body. The second stoping unit uses the receiving area reserved by the first stoping unit as a blasting free face, and blasts and draws ore row by row towards the receiving area. The mined-out area of the second stoping unit is separated into an independent replacement area and a receiving area by a splicing wall. The receiving area of the first stoping unit and the replacement area of the second stoping unit are filled, while the receiving area of the second stoping unit is not filled. And so on until the mining and filling of all stoping units are completed.

2. The efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the first unit is mined, first, the drilling roadway is opened at the bottom of the unit, a groove area is formed by cutting a groove at the end of the unit, fan-shaped blast holes are constructed from the drilling roadway, charged and blasted with the groove area as the free face, and then retreating stoping and ore drawing are carried out to form a mined-out area.

3. The highly efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The fixed grid is a double-layer steel bar grid, and connecting steel bars for connecting the solid pressure-resistant plate are arranged on the inner-layer steel bar grid.

4. The highly efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The movable grid comprises vertical connecting bars, pressing plates and torsion springs. There are multiple vertical connecting bars, multiple pressing plates are fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting bars in parallel up and down. A circular hole penetrating through its thickness is arranged at one end of the length direction of each pressing plate, a torsion spring is fixed corresponding to the circular hole, and a groove for clamping the fixed grid is arranged on the inner side in the width direction of the pressing plate.

5. The highly efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation as described in claim 4, characterized in that: When the movable grid is assembled with the vertical steel bars of the fixed grid through the circular hole and the torsion spring, the lower end of the torsion spring is fixed to the vertical steel bar. Under the action of the torsion spring, the movable grid and the fixed grid are in a vertically intersecting state.

6. The highly efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the movable grid is less than the height of the fixed grid, and the height of the fixed grid is the same as the height of the solid pressure-resistant plate.

7. The highly efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: After the movable grid and the fixed grid are assembled, a pull rope is fixed on the vertical connecting bar far away from the torsion spring, and the pull rope is wound around the thickness side of the solid pressure-resistant plate and then fixed to a pull ring on its back.

8. The efficient continuous mining method with sufficient separation as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Support blocks are arranged on one side of the thickness of the solid pressure-resistant plate, and blades are vertically arranged at the corresponding positions on the other side. The pull rope passes through the surface of the support block, and the blade is used for cutting the pull rope when the wall panel is assembled.

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