A digital engineering geological annotation method suitable for long and large railway engineering

Abstract

The application provides a digital engineering geological mapping method suitable for long and large railway engineering: collecting basic map pieces and performing pretreatment to obtain engineering related CAD electronic maps; manufacturing the CAD electronic maps into auxiliary mapping pieces supported by field collection software browsing; calling or customizing special engineering geological mapping templates suitable for railway engineering; importing the auxiliary mapping pieces into intelligent terminals carrying the field collection software, and performing field collection work based on the templates; exporting geological data collected by the field collection software to obtain field collection source data files based on geographic coordinates; converting the field collection source data files into converted data files under a plane projection coordinate system used by topographic maps, and then importing the converted data files into AutoCAD software to automatically and batch generate various plane geological map symbols and texts used in railway engineering. The method improves the working efficiency of engineering geological mapping and the accuracy of geological data collection and arrangement process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering geological mapping technology, specifically to a digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects. Background Technology

[0002] Engineering geological mapping is a fundamental preliminary step in engineering geological investigation. Through on-site observation, measurement, and description, it investigates and studies the engineering geological conditions of the construction site and represents relevant geological elements on a topographic map using legends and symbols. For long-distance linear railway projects constructed in the complex mountainous regions of Southwest China, the importance of engineering geological mapping is particularly prominent. It not only provides basic data for the rational arrangement of subsequent investigation work such as engineering exploration and geological testing, but also provides crucial geological basis for route selection, site selection for important engineering projects, and avoidance of major engineering geological problems, ultimately leading to the selection of the most economically sound railway route and engineering site with controllable geological risks.

[0003] Engineering geological surveying typically involves two parts: field data collection and data processing. Traditional engineering geological surveying, during the field data collection phase, primarily relies on paper topographic maps for drawing and note-taking. However, these methods are prone to damage and information loss, manual recording is slow, and the limited map size results in poor viewing and display quality. Furthermore, traditional drawing methods depend heavily on the experience of geologists to locate geological points on the maps, leading to low accuracy and a high risk of errors. In addition, field data collection often consists of drawings and tables, requiring manual processing to transfer these data one by one to computer-aided CAD (CAD) drawings, resulting in a large workload.

[0004] With the continuous improvement of the ecological environment and the increasing density of vegetation in the wild, the fieldwork for geological mapping is becoming more challenging. Simultaneously, with the development of digital and intelligent technologies, various industries are undergoing digital and intelligent transformation and upgrading. Therefore, traditional engineering geological mapping methods urgently need to be changed, and a digital engineering geological mapping method suitable for long-distance railway projects needs to be invented. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects that improves the efficiency of engineering geological mapping and the accuracy of geological data collection and processing.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of this invention, this invention provides a digital engineering geological mapping method suitable for long-distance railway engineering, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Collect basic maps based on the geological environment of the area involved in the project;

[0008] S2. Preprocess the basic drawings to retain only the basic drawing information required within a set range on both sides of the railway line, and obtain the relevant CAD electronic drawings for the project.

[0009] S3. Convert the CAD electronic drawings related to the project into auxiliary drawing files that can be viewed by field data acquisition software;

[0010] S4. Utilize or customize specialized engineering geological mapping templates suitable for railway engineering based on the characteristics of field data acquisition software;

[0011] S5. Import the auxiliary mapping files into a smart terminal equipped with field data acquisition software, and carry out digital field data acquisition work based on the dedicated engineering geological mapping template;

[0012] S6. Export the geological data collected by the field data acquisition software to obtain the field data source file based on geographic coordinates;

[0013] S7. Convert the source data files collected in the field into converted data files in the plane projection coordinate system used by the topographic map using a data conversion program;

[0014] S8. Import the converted data file into AutoCAD software to automatically and batch generate various planar geological icons, symbols, and text used in railway engineering.

[0015] This method solves the problems of "slow map reading, slow recording, easy errors, and low accuracy" in field data collection and "slow drawing and easy errors" in indoor data processing in traditional engineering geological surveying methods. It improves the work efficiency of engineering geological surveying and the accuracy of geological data collection and processing, and realizes the automation and intelligence of indoor data processing.

[0016] In one alternative scheme of this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, the geological environment includes topography, stratigraphy, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological conditions, and distribution of special soil and rock types.

[0017] The basic maps include topographic maps, regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, mining engineering plan maps, railway design route maps, and construction structure maps or structural outline maps in regional geological reports.

[0018] In one alternative embodiment of this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, step S2 includes the following steps:

[0019] S21. Convert non-vectorized drawings in the basic drawings into vectorized CAD electronic drawings through manual drawing;

[0020] S22. After correcting and transforming the vector format drawings in the basic drawings, export them as CAD electronic drawings;

[0021] S23. Perform georegistration or projection transformation on the CAD electronic map to convert it to the same plane rectangular coordinate system as the topographic map;

[0022] S24. Delete redundant information and retain only the basic drawing information required within the set range on both sides of the line to form a CAD electronic drawing related to the specific project.

[0023] In one alternative to this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, the field data acquisition software is the "Field Wizard" app, which supports browsing auxiliary mapping files such as MBTiles tile offline map files and vector kmz files.

[0024] "Field Wizard" app is a lightweight 2D data acquisition software developed by Zhongke Tuxin (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. It supports multiple online and offline map formats, can be used offline in field environments, and integrates field map viewing and acquisition, office browsing, management, and export functions. It is simple and flexible to operate. The map plotting function of "Field Wizard" app supports the rapid drawing and attribute editing of point, line, and polygon features, allowing for the collection of various information anytime, anywhere. Simultaneously, plotting can record attachment information, attribute table information, etc., enabling more accurate data collection according to business needs. It supports project management, creating a project for each acquisition task, with features categorized and managed in folders within the project. Projects can be exported as templates, which can be used to create new projects for data collection in subsequent projects. Based on these features, "Field Wizard" app is an ideal mobile platform for digital field data acquisition in engineering geological mapping.

[0025] In one alternative embodiment of this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, step S3 is as follows:

[0026] Using Global Mapper software, the topographic map files in the CAD electronic drawings are converted into MBTiles tiled offline map files, and the regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, mining engineering plans, and railway alignment files in the CAD electronic drawings are converted into vector kmz files.

[0027] MBTiles tiled offline maps can significantly reduce the size of vector graphics, slow down software response, enable instant viewing of offline layers, and avoid software lag; vector kmz files can maintain the clarity of map content and automatically adjust the displayed content according to the scaling ratio.

[0028] In one alternative scheme of this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, the steps for customizing a dedicated engineering geological mapping template for railway engineering are as follows:

[0029] Based on the actual needs of railway engineering geological survey, customized professional railway-specific geological survey data is collected and plotted in the field data acquisition software, and the basic information, attributes and styles are saved as templates;

[0030] The railway-specific geological mapping data includes the following characteristics: lithology, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological conditions, and special soils and rocks along the railway line;

[0031] The railway-specific geological mapping data consists of point data and line data. Point data defines three elements: observation point, well point, and occurrence point. Line data defines two elements: geological boundary and adverse geological boundary.

[0032] For each element, its attributes and display style are customized. Among them, the observation point is customized with two attributes: rock stratum attitude and joint attitude. The well point is customized with five attributes: well point type, flow rate, hydrology, water level, and well depth. The geological boundary and the unfavorable geological boundary are customized with three attributes: soil layer and thickness, bedrock lithology, and whether it is closed.

[0033] All attributes are recorded and described using text and symbols;

[0034] Create display icons for various geological point elements and store them in the corresponding icon library of the field data acquisition software. During the field data acquisition process, the type and location of various geological points can be marked on the software acquisition interface.

[0035] This specialized engineering geological mapping template is designed based on the actual needs of railway engineering geological mapping. It involves customizing the basic information, attributes, and styles of professional geological mapping data collected and plotted in field data acquisition software, and saving it as a template so that other projects can directly call upon this template when collecting and plotting geological information.

[0036] In one alternative scheme of this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, when carrying out digital field data collection based on a dedicated engineering geological mapping template, the geological data is collected in the field using the satellite image base map that comes with the field data collection software. Various auxiliary mapping layers that need to be superimposed can be freely selected to assist the data collection personnel in accurately identifying, judging and tracing relevant geological information.

[0037] In one alternative scheme of this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, step S7 is as follows:

[0038] The transformation of field-collected source data from latitude and longitude coordinates (B, L, H) in the geodetic coordinate system to spatial rectangular coordinates (X, Y, Z) in a specific projected plane coordinate system.

[0039] Extract the required field information from the CSV file in the field data collection source data, and convert the CSV file format to txt file format;

[0040] After the source data files collected in the field are converted in terms of coordinates and file format, the converted data files are obtained for use by AutoCAD software.

[0041] In one alternative scheme of this digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects, the self-developed CAD plug-in program is a program interface developed based on the ObjectARX platform and using Visual C++ to perform secondary development on AutoCAD software. After the aforementioned converted data files are imported into AutoCAD software through the plug-in program, they are automatically batch-drawn onto the CAD topographic map to form an engineering geological plan.

[0042] This optional solution enables one-click map generation, which greatly saves the time spent on indoor drawing compared to the previous method of inputting geological information into CAD files one by one based on the drawings and tables recorded in the field. Moreover, the accuracy of the map generated based on the precise coordinate information is higher.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0044] 1. This invention is based on the field data acquisition platform "Field Elf" app. It customizes engineering geological mapping templates suitable for railway engineering, creates auxiliary mapping software to assist in field geological data acquisition, and uses programming technology to develop data conversion programs and CAD plug-in programs to process and draw field data. It realizes "paperless" field map viewing operations without map size limitations and efficient automated batch drawing in the office, which has high technical value.

[0045] 2. Compared with traditional engineering geological survey methods, this invention can significantly improve the efficiency of field data collection and indoor data processing and drawing, reduce the field data collection time, reduce the labor intensity of geological personnel, and has a good cost-saving effect.

[0046] 3. This invention independently researches the production and use methods of auxiliary mapping materials to assist in field data collection. The high-precision auxiliary mapping materials produced can assist field data collectors in identifying, judging and tracing geological information, which can significantly improve the accuracy of field geological data collection, reduce human error, and thus improve the quality of geological mapping results.

[0047] 4. Compared with using only the "Field Wizard" app for digital field data collection, this invention is a complete and systematic digital engineering geological mapping method that can not only realize the digitization of field data collection, but also the automation and batch processing of indoor data.

[0048] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the field data collection interface on the tablet version of the "Fieldwork Wizard" app;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the field data collection interface on the mobile version of the "Fieldwork Wizard" app;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the program interface related to coordinate transformation;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the CAD plug-in program interface. Detailed Implementation

[0055] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a digital engineering geological mapping method suitable for long-distance railway projects. The method mainly includes three stages: preliminary preparation, field data collection, and data processing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0057] Preliminary preparation stage:

[0058] S1: Familiarize yourself with the geological environment of the area involved in the project, and collect basic maps based on the geological environment of the area involved in the project.

[0059] The geological environment includes topography, lithology, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological conditions, and the distribution of special soils and rocks. This embodiment takes the geological mapping of a high-speed railway project as an example. This method enables the digital acquisition of geological features such as lithology, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological conditions, and special soils and rocks, and automatically batch-draws engineering geological plans on topographic maps.

[0060] Basic maps include, but are not limited to, topographic maps, regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, mining engineering plans, railway design route maps, and structural maps or structural outline maps in regional geological reports. Topographic maps are strip-shaped topographic maps surveyed along the designed railway line using methods such as aerial surveying by engineering surveying professionals, with scales generally of 1:2000 or 1:10000; regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, and structural maps are standard maps with map sheet scales of 1:50,000, 1:200,000, and 1:250,000 compiled by the geological bureaus of various provinces and cities, generally in vectorized MapGIS file format; geological hazard distribution maps are maps of the distribution of geological hazard points collected and compiled at the county level; mining rights distribution maps and mining engineering plans are maps of the distribution of mining rights and exploration rights, as well as plans of underground mining engineering, collected and compiled at the county level. The mining plan is primarily obtained from collected data such as annual reserve reports and mine closure reports for various metallic and non-metallic minerals, with a focus on the distribution of underground goaf areas. When collecting basic maps, the latest topographic maps and railway design route maps can be obtained from surveying and railway engineering professionals. Internally, or externally, regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, structural maps (or structural outline maps), geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, and mining plan maps of the areas involved in the project can be collected.

[0061] S2: Preprocess the basic drawings to retain only the basic drawing information required within a set range on both sides of the railway line, and obtain the relevant CAD electronic drawings for the project.

[0062] Specifically, the preprocessing of the basic drawings described in step S2 includes four tasks:

[0063] S21. Convert non-vectorized maps in the basic map into vectorized CAD electronic drawings by manually drawing them after image correction. Non-vectorized maps include, but are not limited to, hydrogeological maps, structural outline maps, geological hazard distribution maps, and mining engineering plan maps.

[0064] S22. After processing the vector format maps in the basic map files through error correction, projection transformation, map sheet registration, and map sheet splicing, export them as CAD electronic maps. Vector format maps include, but are not limited to, regional geological maps, geotectonic maps, and hydrogeological maps in MapGIS format.

[0065] S23. Perform georegistration or projection transformation on the CAD electronic map to convert it to the same Cartesian coordinate system as the topographic map. The CAD electronic map here includes the CAD electronic maps obtained in steps S21 and S22, and is a vectorized CAD electronic map.

[0066] S24. Delete redundant information and retain only the basic drawing information required within the set range on both sides of the line to form a CAD electronic drawing related to the specific project.

[0067] Step S21 involves converting some non-vectorized hydrogeological maps, structural outline maps, geological hazard distribution maps, and mining engineering plan maps into vectorized CAD electronic drawings through manual drawing. This primarily involves drawing hydrogeological points along the route that significantly impact the project, such as karst springs and underground rivers; important geological structural lines like folds and faults; geological hazard points such as landslides and debris flows; and key information such as mine entrances / exits and the extent of mined-out areas. Regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, and structural maps are also included. Figure 1 Generally, the files are vectorized MapGIS files. They require processing using MapGIS and Section software on a computer, including error correction, projection transformation, map registration, and map stitching, before being exported as CAD files. To reduce unnecessary repetitive work, our organization has established a basic CAD drawing library covering regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, structural maps, and mineral rights distribution maps under a unified coordinate zone for Chongqing and surrounding areas. During specific project implementation, appropriate maps can be selected and processed as needed.

[0068] In step S24, the defined range on both sides of the route is generally the range on both sides of a strip topographic map, with each side 200-1000m from the center of the route, which is the range of the engineering geological survey. For investigating the geological structure, hydrogeology, and distribution of geological hazards in a large area, as well as for comparing the geological conditions of large-scale macro-route schemes, the range is expanded accordingly.

[0069] S3: Convert the engineering-related CAD electronic drawings into auxiliary mapping files that can be viewed using field data acquisition software. In this embodiment, the field data acquisition software is preferably, but not limited to, the "Field Wizard" app; the auxiliary mapping files that the field data acquisition software supports viewing are MBTiles tile offline map files and vector kmz files. Using the Global Mapper software on a computer, convert topographic map files with more vector information from the engineering-related CAD electronic drawings into MBTiles tile offline map files, and convert regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, mining engineering plans, and railway alignment files with less vector information from the CAD electronic drawings into vector kmz files.

[0070] Specifically:

[0071] First, the relevant CAD electronic drawings of the project with transverse Mercator projection need to be imported into Global Mapper software. Specific implementation steps S31: Open the data file in Global Mapper's File menu or drag the CAD topographic map file into the Global Mapper software window. A projection selection dialog box will pop up (Select Projection) → Select transverse Mercator projection (transverse Mercator projection) → Click Add Datum. Enter a custom datum name in Datum Name (recommended name: CGCS2000-xxx, where xxx is the geodetic height of the projection surface) → Click Add Ellipsoid. A Custom Ellipsoid setup dialog box will pop up. Enter a custom ellipsoid name in Ellipsoid Name (recommended name: GRS1980-xxx, where xxx is the geodetic height of the projection surface) → Enter the semi-major axis of the CGCS2000 coordinate system ellipsoid parameters 6378137+xxx (xxx is the geodetic height of the projection elevation surface) in Semi-MajorAxis [meters], and select Use. In the Flattening of field, enter the flattening ratio of the CGCS2000 coordinate system ellipsoid parameters: 0.00335281068118232. Click OK to return to the Create New Datum dialog box. Click OK again to close the dialog box and return to the settings dialog box. In Parameters, enter 1.0 for SCALE FACTOR and CENTRALMERIDIAN for the central meridian of the Gaussian projection of the independent coordinate system. In FALSE EASTING (m), enter the assumed northward shift value of the horizontal coordinate of the plane coordinates: 500000. Select the default value of 0 for ORIGIN LAITITUDE, FALSE NORTHING, and ROTATION ANGLE. Click the OK button to close the dialog box. The independent coordinate system of the topographic map is now established, and the CAD topographic map is also imported into Global Mapper software according to its engineering independent coordinate system.

[0072] Subsequently, Global Mapper software was used to perform projection transformation, transforming the engineering independent coordinate system back to the standard CGCS2000 coordinate system, which is the CGCS2000 standard reference ellipsoid, Gauss projection. Its central meridian can be selected from the central meridian used when establishing the independent coordinate system, or the central meridian of the standard 3-degree zone of the line segment.

[0073] The specific steps for projection transformation using the Global Mapper software tool menu are as follows: Tools → Configuration → Projection → Select transverse Mercator projection. In the Datum drop-down list, directly select the built-in CHINA2000. In Parameters, enter 1 for SCALE FACTOR. Enter the central meridian of the Gaussian projection for CENTRAL MERIDIAN (you can choose the central meridian used when establishing an independent coordinate system, or the central meridian of the standard 3-degree zone of this line segment). In FALSE EASTING (m), enter the eastward shift distance of 500000 (the above Parameters were already entered when establishing an independent coordinate system; this step is just for verification). Click the OK button to close the dialog box. The CGCS2000 coordinate system for topographic maps is now established, and the conversion of the CAD topographic map from its engineering independent coordinate system to the CGCS2000 coordinate system is also completed.

[0074] Finally, the project-transformed CAD electronic drawings are exported as MBTiles or kmz format auxiliary drawing files that can be viewed by the "Field Wizard" app.

[0075] Steps S331 to export topographic map files as MBTiles format tiled offline map files: File → Export → Export Raster / Image Format → Select MapBox MBTiles Tileset → Click OK. The MBTiles Output Options dialog box will pop up. On the Tile Options page, select the PNG image format, set the tile level, scaling level, and transparency; on the Output Border page, click to draw a box, select the area to be tiled, and click the OK button to complete the conversion of the topographic map CAD file to an MBTiles format tiled offline map file. Repeat steps S31, S32, and S331 for other sections of the topographic map to complete the conversion of the entire route's topographic map to an MBTiles format tiled offline map file.

[0076] The steps S332 for exporting railway design route maps as vector KMZ format files are as follows: File → Export → Export Vector / Lidar Format → Select KMZ / KML → Click OK. In the KMZ / KML export options dialog box, select UTF-8 for character set, check the option to generate a KMZ compressed file → Press OK and enter the filename to complete the conversion from CAD format to KMZ format for this section of the line. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 above for processed regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, and mining engineering plans to complete the conversion of each auxiliary drawing document.

[0077] It's important to note that MBTiles format offline maps with tile levels below 16 are blurry; level 20 is generally more suitable. Each topographic map segment should generally not exceed 4 kilometers in width and 25 kilometers in length; otherwise, the software will take a very long time to output the graphics, or it may exceed the software's maximum tile count, preventing tile creation. Near-horizontal or near-vertical strip topographic maps require longer processing lengths, while inclined strip topographic maps can be processed in shorter lengths.

[0078] S4: Utilizes or customizes specialized engineering geological mapping templates for railway engineering, taking into account the characteristics of field data acquisition software.

[0079] This embodiment uses the "Field Wizard" app as the field data acquisition software. A customized engineering geological mapping template for railway engineering was developed based on the software's features. The "Field Wizard" app can manage point, line, and area data. Railway geological mapping data includes characteristic information such as lithology, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological conditions, and special soils and rocks along the railway line. Since railway geological mapping data consists of point and line data, this embodiment only utilizes the point and line data from the "Field Wizard" app to collect field geological data. In this embodiment, point data includes three elements: observation points, well points, and occurrence points. Line data includes two elements: stratigraphic boundaries (including soil-rock boundaries) and adverse geological boundaries.

[0080] To customize a dedicated engineering geological mapping template, first create a new project named "Geological Mapping Template." Click the "Menu" at the top of the Field Wizard, create a new data acquisition task, and enter the task name "Geological Mapping Template" in the task creation process. This template is based on the actual needs of railway engineering geological mapping, customizing the basic information, attributes, and styles of professional railway geological mapping data collected and plotted in field acquisition software, and then saving it. Details are as follows:

[0081] Field geological mapping requires establishing observation points at the required density for stratigraphic lithology, stratigraphic boundaries, geological structures, adverse geological phenomena, and wells / springs. The location of each point, the attitude of the rock strata at that point, the attitude of joints, and a description of the geological conditions must be recorded. This task can be completed using a "dot-tracking" function on a handheld Android device.

[0082] The steps for customizing observation points are as follows: Click "Data" at the top of the field wizard, add a folder, select "Point" as the geometry type, and enter "Observation Point" as the folder name; go to the "Attribute Fields" of the newly created folder, click the "+" in the lower right corner to add a field, enter "Rock Stratum Attitude" as the field name, and select "Text" as the "Field Type"; add the "Joint Attitude" field for the observation point in the same way, selecting "Text" as the field type. Attitude records are made using dip azimuth / dipping angle. When there are multiple joint attitudes for the same observation point, they are separated by a space. An attitude begins with a number followed by a colon (:), where the number represents the attitude type. In the railway-specific engineering geological mapping template, attitude types are divided into 1: normal rock stratum attitude, 2: overturned rock stratum attitude, 3: joint attitude, 4: open joint attitude, and 5: foliation attitude.

[0083] For well / spring points, the following information needs to be recorded: location, type and flow rate, water temperature, water level, depth, and other hydrological characteristics. Except for the well / spring type, which is set to a list, all other fields should be set to text. The well / spring type, flow rate, water temperature, water level, and depth fields are customized separately. Information such as the spring's outflow pattern, well wall structure, wellhead shape, stratigraphic lithology of the aquifer and overburden, dynamic changes, utilization status, and water sampling information are recorded in the point's inherent attribute description field. The steps for customizing well / spring points are the same as those for customizing observation points.

[0084] Similar to observation points, attitude points are not marked with observation point symbols on engineering geological maps; instead, they display the attitude of rock strata and joints, and are customized with two attribute fields: rock strata attitude and joint attitude. The point's inherent description field records geological features such as the rock mass's structural characteristics, joint and fracture characteristics, and the current state of existing rock slopes. The steps for customizing attitude points are the same as those for customizing observation points.

[0085] A line is composed of a series of ordered points connected together. The stratigraphic boundaries and adverse geological boundaries in engineering geology are customized using line data in the "Field Wizard" app. This involves creating folders for stratigraphic boundaries and adverse geological boundaries, and for each folder, creating two text-type attribute fields: "Soil Name and Thickness" and "Bedrock Lithology," and a list-type attribute field: "Closed or Unclosed." In the list, 0 represents an unclosed boundary, and 1 represents a closed boundary. The inherent attribute fields of the lines are descriptions. Correspondingly, the inherent fields (descriptions) of stratigraphic boundaries can be used to describe the geological conditions associated with that stratigraphic boundary, and the inherent fields (descriptions) of adverse geological boundaries can be used to describe the geological conditions associated with that adverse geological boundary, such as the type, scale, and deformation of the adverse geological conditions.

[0086] The creation methods and processes for stratigraphic boundaries and adverse geological boundaries are similar to those for creating observation points, except that the geometry type is selected as "line". Specific operational steps will not be detailed here.

[0087] After defining the basic information, attributes, and styles of the geological data collected in the field using the "Fieldwork Wizard" app, the data is exported as a template within the software, ultimately resulting in a railway-specific engineering geological mapping template. Subsequent railway engineering projects will no longer require creating a new template; the template can be directly used to establish new projects for engineering geological mapping fieldwork.

[0088] In addition, to facilitate the identification of various geological points in the mapping and data acquisition interface of the "Fieldwork Wizard" app, geological point icons used in railway engineering were created and stored in the corresponding icon library of the fieldwork data acquisition software. When marking geological points, the corresponding icon can be selected for display. The created geological point icons include observation points, well points, occurrence, joints, rising springs, falling springs, hot springs, etc.

[0089] Field data collection phase:

[0090] S5: Import the auxiliary mapping images into the "Field Wizard" app (mobile or tablet) via wireless network or data cable, and select the railway-specific engineering geological mapping template to conduct digital field data collection. When conducting digital field data collection, use the satellite imagery base map provided by the field data collection software to collect geological data. Freely select the various auxiliary mapping image layers to be overlaid to assist the data collectors in accurately identifying, judging, and tracing relevant geological information. Specifically, the "Field Wizard" app's tablet interface is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, a 200,000-pixel geological map, topographic map, railway alignment, and other auxiliary mapping layers are overlaid on the satellite imagery base map; the field data acquisition interface of the "Field Wizard" app on mobile devices is as follows. Figure 3 As shown, the satellite imagery base map is overlaid with auxiliary mapping layers including topographic maps, railway lines, stratigraphic boundaries, geological structural lines, hydrological springs, and coal mine goaf planes. Methods for using the "Field Wizard" app for geological mapping field data collection can be found in the relevant documentation in the software's help center; they will not be elaborated upon here. It should be noted that, to facilitate the subsequent use of exported mapping data, specific formats for stratigraphic and joint attitude records have been defined. The stratigraphic attitude record format is 1:25 / 40 or 2:25 / 40, where 1 indicates normal rock strata attitude, 2 indicates inverted rock strata attitude, and the following numbers represent the azimuth and dip angles of the stratigraphic strata, separated by " / ". The joint attitude record format is 3:25 / 40, 4:25 / 40, or 5:25 / 40, where 3 indicates joint attitude, 4 indicates open joint attitude, and 5 indicates foliation attitude, with the following numbers representing the azimuth and dip angles of the joints, separated by " / ".

[0091] Data collection phase:

[0092] S6: Export the geological data collected by the field data acquisition software to obtain a field data source file based on geographic coordinates. The field data source file is a CSV file stored in the "Field Wizard" app. The coordinates of the geological points and the lines formed by the points in the file are all coordinates in the spatial geodetic coordinate system expressed in latitude and longitude (B, L, H). The file also contains some unnecessary inherent field information, which needs to be converted before it can be used by the subsequent AutoCAD software.

[0093] The data export steps are as follows: Click the "Menu" in the upper left corner of the software → Click "My Tasks" to bring up a list of all data collection tasks → Click the "i" to the right of the data collection task name to be exported to bring up the task details → Click the three dots in the upper right corner and select "Export Task" to bring up the export selection box → Select "Excel" for "Export Format" and check the "Export Attribute Information" and "Export Associated Attachments" option boxes → The task is exported successfully.

[0094] After the field data is successfully exported, the following five CSV files (where xxx is the project name) will be generated in the Field Wizard\Export Directory\xxx_csv folder: Observation Point.csv, Well Spring Point.csv, Dwelling Point.csv, Stratigraphic Boundary.csv, and Adverse Geological Boundary.csv. CSV format files are text files that use commas as field separators. Each CSV file displays data fields corresponding to five elements: observation points, well points, attitude points, stratigraphic boundaries, and adverse geological boundaries. Observation points and attitude points include 11 data fields: name, remarks, type, folder, visibility, attachment path, longitude, latitude, altitude, stratum attitude, and joint attitude. Well points include 14 data fields: name, remarks, type, folder, visibility, attachment path, longitude, latitude, altitude, well type, flow rate, water temperature, water level, and well depth. Stratigraphic boundaries and adverse geological boundaries include 10 data fields: name, remarks, type, folder, visibility, attachment path, coordinates, soil name and thickness, bedrock lithology, and whether it is closed. Fields before "altitude" or "coordinates" are inherent fields of the "Field Wizard" app; the others are custom fields from the dedicated geological mapping template.

[0095] S7: Convert the source data files exported from the "Field Wizard" app into converted data files in the plane projection coordinate system used for topographic maps using a data conversion program. The data conversion program used is "Coordinate Related Conversion.exe", written in C language. It can convert coordinates in the geodetic coordinate system expressed in latitude and longitude (B, L, H) to spatial rectangular coordinates (x, y, h) in a specific projection plane coordinate system, and extract the required field information from the CSV file and save it as a txt file.

[0096] The formula for converting geodetic coordinates (B, L, H) in the same coordinate system to spatial rectangular coordinates (X, Y, Z) is as follows:

[0097] X = (N + H)·cosB·cosL

[0098] Y = (N + H)·cosB·sinL

[0099] Z = [N·(1-e] 2 )+H]·sinB=[N·a 2 / b 2 +H]·sinB

[0100] In the formula, e is the first eccentricity of the reference ellipsoid in the geodetic coordinate system; N is the radius of the prime meridian; a is the semi-major axis of the reference ellipsoid; b is the semi-minor axis of the reference ellipsoid, and has...

[0101] N = a / sqrt(1-e) 2 ·sin 2 B)

[0102] The "Coordinate-Related Transformation.exe" program is compiled using Microsoft Visual C++ programming software. The steps for writing the program are: define the program's objective (data coordinate transformation, field selection and deletion) → design the program interface → write code → compile → run the program → test and debug the program.

[0103] Data coordinate transformation requires the zonal projection parameters of a planar topographic map, including the ellipsoid used, the geodetic height of the projection surface, and the central meridian. The interface of the "Coordinate Related Transformation.exe" program is shown below. Figure 4As shown in the diagram, the upper part of the interface is the coordinate transformation projection parameter input window. In the upper left corner, select ellipsoid parameters, with four options: Beijing 54 coordinate system ellipsoid parameters, Xi'an 80 coordinate system ellipsoid parameters, WGS84 coordinate system ellipsoid parameters, and CGCS2000 national geodetic coordinate system ellipsoid parameters. In the upper middle section, select "Geodetic Coordinates" to input the coordinates before transformation. Enter specific central meridian values ​​in the projection parameters before transformation. The constant X0, geodetic height of the projection surface, and geoid anomaly are generally set to 0, while the constant Y0 is set to 500. In the upper right corner, select "Plane Coordinates" to input the coordinates after transformation. Enter specific central meridian and geodetic height values ​​in the projection parameters after transformation. The constant X0 and geoid anomaly are generally set to 0, while the constant Y0 is set to 500. The lower part of the interface is the CSV file conversion window. First, select the file type to convert, then open the file to be converted, and click the convert button to start the conversion. After conversion, a corresponding txt file is automatically generated. This embodiment can perform not only coordinate transformations but also CSV file format conversions. Converting CSV files mainly involves extracting inherent fields such as name, remarks, longitude, and latitude, as well as custom fields such as rock strata attitude and joint attitude from the CSV file, and saving them as txt files that will be used by AutoCAD software for subsequent drawing.

[0104] S8: Imports the converted data files into AutoCAD software via a CAD plugin, automatically and in batches generating various planar geological graphic symbols and text used in railway engineering, achieving automation and intelligence in data processing. The CAD plugin is a program interface developed using Visual C++ for secondary development of AutoCAD software, based on the ObjectARX platform. ObjectARX (AutoCAD Runtime Xtension) is a development software package launched by Autodesk for secondary development on the AutoCAD platform. It provides an object-oriented development environment and application programming interface based on C++, enabling truly fast access to the AutoCAD graphics database.

[0105] The specific steps for secondary development of AutoCAD using the C++ programming language and ObjectARX interface are as follows: First, use AutoCAD software to draw railway geological plan graphic symbol blocks and establish a railway geological plan entity library. Second, based on the ObjectARX application, use C++ programming to store all entities in the railway geological plan entity library into a graphic database and automatically assign ID numbers, generating a data list corresponding to each entity, and manually expanding the basic information of the data list. Third, define custom command functions for groupgcd (observation point), groupjqd (well spring point), groupcz (occurrence), groupdcjx (stratigraphic boundary), and groupbljx (adverse geological boundary), associate them with the converted data file, and write the drawing algorithm. Fourth, use the AutoCAD Custom User Interface (CUI) editor to create a geological plan drawing menu file dzcad.CUI. Each submenu corresponds to an automatic input command for geological element data. According to the drawing algorithm, the converted data file is imported through the corresponding menu options and a geological plan map is automatically generated.

[0106] The steps for automated drawing using a self-developed CAD plugin program are as follows: Enter the CUILOAD command in the AutoCAD command line area to start the user interface for drawing geological planes → Click "Load Plane Program", then click "Plane Initialization" to limit the drawing area → Click "Batch Mapping", select any geological element type from "Observation Point", "Well Point", "Attitude", "Structural Boundary", and "Adverse Geological Boundary", and an open file selection window will pop up → Select the corresponding geological element txt format file after coordinate and file format conversion, import it into the AutoCAD software, and automatically batch generate two-dimensional observation points, well points, stratigraphic and joint attitudes, stratigraphic boundaries, adverse geological boundaries, and related geological description information, which are then overlaid onto the CAD topographic map to form an engineering geological plan.

[0107] The above steps enable one-click map generation. Compared to the previous method of manually inputting geological information into CAD files from field records and tables, this significantly saves time on indoor drafting and results in higher accuracy based on precise coordinate information. The user interface of the self-developed CAD plugin program is shown below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0108] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0109] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A digital engineering geological mapping method suitable for long-distance railway projects, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect basic maps based on the geological environment of the area involved in the project; S2. Preprocess the basic drawings to retain only the basic drawing information required within a set range on both sides of the railway line, and obtain the relevant CAD electronic drawings for the project. S3. Convert the CAD electronic drawings related to the project into auxiliary drawing files that can be viewed by field data acquisition software; S4. Utilize or customize a specialized engineering geological mapping template suitable for railway engineering, taking into account the characteristics of the field data acquisition software. The steps for customizing a specialized engineering geological mapping template suitable for railway engineering are as follows: Based on the actual needs of railway engineering geological survey, customized professional railway geological survey data is collected and plotted in the field data acquisition software, including basic information, attributes and styles, and saved as templates; The railway geological mapping data includes the following characteristics: lithology, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological conditions, and special soil and rock along the railway line; The railway geological mapping data consists of point data and line data. Point data defines three elements: observation point, well point, and occurrence point. Line data defines two elements: geological boundary and adverse geological boundary. Each element has its own custom attributes and display style. For observation points, two attributes are customized: rock stratum attitude and joint attitude. For well points, five attributes are customized: well type, flow rate, hydrology, water level, and well depth. For geological boundaries and adverse geological boundaries, three attributes are customized: soil layer and thickness, bedrock lithology, and whether it is closed. All attributes are recorded and described using text and symbols. Create display icons for various geological point elements and store them in the corresponding icon library of the field data acquisition software. During the field data acquisition process, the type and location of various geological points can be marked on the software acquisition interface. S5. Import the auxiliary mapping files into a smart terminal equipped with field data acquisition software, and carry out digital field data acquisition work based on the dedicated engineering geological mapping template; S6. Export the geological data collected by the field data acquisition software to obtain the field data source file based on geographic coordinates; S7. Convert the source data files collected in the field into converted data files in the plane projection coordinate system used by the topographic map using a data conversion program; S8. Import the converted data file into AutoCAD software through a CAD plugin program to automatically and batch generate various planar geological icons, symbols, and text used in railway engineering.

2. The digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geological environment includes topography, stratigraphy, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological conditions, and the distribution of special soils and rocks; The basic maps include topographic maps, regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, mining engineering plan maps, railway design route maps, and construction structure maps or structural outline maps in regional geological reports.

3. The digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes the following steps: S21. Convert non-vectorized drawings in the basic drawings into vectorized CAD electronic drawings through manual drawing; S22. After correcting and transforming the vector format drawings in the basic drawings, export them as CAD electronic drawings; S23. Perform georegistration or projection transformation on the CAD electronic map to convert it to the same plane rectangular coordinate system as the topographic map; S24. Delete redundant information and retain only the basic drawing information required within the set range on both sides of the line to form a CAD electronic drawing related to the specific project.

4. The digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field data acquisition software is the "Field Wizard" app, which supports browsing auxiliary mapping files such as MBTiles tiled offline map files and vector kmz files.

5. The digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps in step S3 are as follows: Using Global Mapper software, the topographic map files in the CAD electronic drawings are converted into MBTiles tiled offline map files, and the regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, geological hazard distribution maps, mining rights distribution maps, mining engineering plans, and railway alignment files in the CAD electronic drawings are converted into vector kmz files.

6. The digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, When conducting digital field data collection based on a dedicated engineering geological mapping template, geological data is collected in the field using the satellite imagery base map provided by the field data collection software. Various auxiliary mapping layers that need to be overlaid can be freely selected to assist the data collection personnel in accurately identifying, judging, and tracing relevant geological information.

7. The digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for S7 are as follows: The transformation of field-collected source data from latitude and longitude (B, L, H) coordinates in the geodetic coordinate system to spatial rectangular coordinates (X, Y, Z) in a specific projected plane coordinate system. Extract the required field information from the CSV file in the field data collection source data, and convert the CSV file format to txt file format; After the source data files collected in the field are converted in terms of coordinates and file format, the converted data files are obtained for use by AutoCAD software.

8. The digital engineering geological mapping method applicable to long-distance railway projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CAD plugin is a program interface developed using Visual C++ to further develop AutoCAD software based on the ObjectARX platform. After the converted data file is imported into AutoCAD software through the CAD plugin, it is automatically batch-drawn on the CAD topographic map to form an engineering geological plan.

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