A plasma jet device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a plasma jet device, which relates to the field of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma technology, including a power supply, a jet generator, a housing, a range controller and a gas tank, wherein the jet generator is arranged in the housing, the jet generator is electrically connected to the power supply, a jet port is arranged at one end of the housing, an air inlet is arranged on the housing, the air inlet is connected to the gas tank, the gas tank provides working gas to the jet generator through the air inlet, and the range controller is used to control the range of the jet generator. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plasma jet device, which is intended to provide a safe, convenient and efficient plasma source for medical applications such as plasma skin treatment, disinfection and sterilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma, in particular to a plasma jet device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of clinical medicine, more and more clinical operations or treatments need to be performed under sterile conditions. Disinfection and sterilization are the main means for medical institutions to prevent and control exogenous infections in patients, including controlling hospital infection outbreaks and multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Ensuring the thoroughness and safety of medical disinfection is the basic work for medical institutions to improve medical quality and ensure patient safety. It is also one of the main links in the work of medical institutions, especially grassroots hospitals.

[0003] At present, there are three main means of disinfection and sterilization in clinical practice: 1. Chemical disinfection, which is to use chemical agents to directly act on the bacteria on the surface of living bodies to kill them, such as alcohol disinfectants, iodine-containing disinfectants, quaternary ammonium salts, peroxides, etc.; 2. High temperature sterilization, which is to use high temperature to inactivate proteins and kill bacteria; 3. Ultraviolet disinfection, which is to use ultraviolet rays to destroy the genetic material of bacteria and prevent their reproduction.

[0004] However, these traditional disinfection and sterilization methods have certain drawbacks: high temperature disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection are not suitable for living surface disinfection, and are only suitable for medical equipment or operating rooms. Chemical reagent disinfection can be used for living body disinfection, but it faces the risk of incomplete disinfection, and some chemical reagents will remain on the skin surface and damage skin cells. Alcohol disinfectants and iodine tinctures are commonly used reagents for clinical disinfection, and there may be a risk of alcohol allergy or iodine allergy. Peroxide chemical reagents are unstable and need to be prepared in advance, which is extremely inconvenient to use. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plasma jet device, aiming to provide a safe, convenient and efficient plasma source for medical applications such as plasma skin treatment, disinfection and sterilization.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a plasma jet device, comprising a power supply, a jet generator, a shell, a range controller and a gas tank, wherein the jet generator is arranged in the shell, the jet generator is electrically connected to the power supply, a jet port is arranged at one end of the shell, an air inlet is also opened on the shell, the air inlet is connected to the gas tank, the gas tank provides working gas to the jet generator through the air inlet, and the range controller is used to control the range of the jet generator.

[0008] Preferably, the jet generator includes a base plate, a first quartz tube, a second quartz tube, an electrode and a grounding electrode, the base plate is provided with a roller, the outer shell is provided with a guide rail, the roller is slidably connected to the guide rail, a plurality of through holes are opened on the base plate, the through holes are provided with threads, the rear end of the second quartz tube is threadedly connected to the through holes, the first quartz tube is located in the second quartz tube, the electrode is located in the first quartz tube, the front end of the first quartz tube is closed, the electrode is electrically connected to the power supply, and the grounding electrode is arranged on the second quartz tube.

[0009] Preferably, there is a gap between the first quartz tube and the second quartz tube, and there is a gap between the second quartz tube and the housing.

[0010] Preferably, the electrode is made of copper, and the front end of the electrode is needle-shaped; the grounding electrode is a ring made of aluminum foil, and the grounding electrode is sleeved on the outer surface of the second quartz tube.

[0011] Preferably, the range controller comprises a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a rotating shaft, the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are all located in the housing, one end of the first transmission shaft and one end of the second transmission shaft are both connected to the jet generator, the first transmission shaft is provided with meshing teeth meshing with the driving wheel, the second transmission shaft is provided with meshing teeth meshing with the driven wheel, the driving wheel is connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the housing, and one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the housing.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a dial, a fixed shaft and a fastening knob, the dial and the fastening knob are both located outside the housing, the dial is provided with a scale, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the dial and is connected to the control knob, the driven wheel is provided with a slot structure, and the fixed shaft is threadedly connected to the slot structure and the dial.

[0013] Preferably, the shell is made of quartz, a bracket is arranged at the jet port of the shell, the bracket comprises a collar and a plurality of protrusions, the collar is threadedly connected to the shell, the plurality of protrusions are arranged at the front end of the collar, and the protrusions are used to contact the surface to be disinfected.

[0014] Preferably, a partition structure is provided in the outer shell, the partition structure forms a gas channel, the air inlet is connected to the gas channel, the partition structure includes a first partition and a second partition, one end of the first partition is connected to the jet generator, one end of the second partition is connected to the outer shell, and the first partition and the second partition are slidably connected.

[0015] Preferably, a wiring board is provided in the partition structure, the jet generator is connected to the wiring board, and the wiring board is electrically connected to a power source located outside the housing.

[0016] Preferably, it further comprises a temperature measuring element, and the temperature measuring element is located on the jet generator.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0018] The present invention provides a plasma jet device that generates stable, near-room temperature, and adjustable parameters, which can be applied to clinical medical disinfection, tooth root canal, and cosmetic whitening. Compared with traditional disinfection methods, the present invention is more thorough and efficient, without any side effects, and has high safety. Compared with the above-mentioned sterilization methods, atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets have the advantages of efficient sterilization, convenience, and speed for the disinfection of living surfaces. In addition, plasma sterilization is a collaborative process of multiple processes. Changes in parameters will cause changes in the jet, which will not allow bacteria to develop drug resistance, thus solving the problem of incomplete sterilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a front cross-sectional view of the plasma jet device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the range controller of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a jet generator of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first quartz tube, the second quartz tube, the electrode and the grounding electrode of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a bracket of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the stent of the present invention;

[0027] Among them: 1. power supply; 2. leakage protector; 3. air inlet; 4. gas tank; 5. range controller; 6. jet generator; 7. infrared thermometer; 8. bracket; 9. shell; 10. first transmission shaft; 11. driving wheel; 12. rotating shaft; 13. control knob; 14. bottom plate; 15. first quartz tube; 16. second quartz tube; 17. electrode; 18. grounding electrode; 19. through hole; 20. mounting hole; 21. guide rail; 22. roller; 23. first partition; 24. second partition; 25. terminal block; 26. terminal; 27. grounding wire; 28. buckle; 29. ​​driven wheel; 30. tightening knob; 31. tightening thread; 32. fixed axis; 33. slot structure; 34. collar; 35. dial; 36. fixed axis; 37. gas channel; 38. second transmission shaft; 39. protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plasma jet device, aiming to provide a safe, convenient and efficient plasma source for medical applications such as plasma skin treatment, disinfection and sterilization.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 7As shown: This embodiment provides a plasma jet device, including a power supply 1, a leakage protector 2, a jet generator 6, a shell 9, a range controller 5 and a gas tank 4. The shell 9 is made of quartz, and the shell 9 is in a pistol shape as a whole, with a thickness of 3mm. The shell 9 includes a front part and a rear part, and the front part and the rear part are threadedly connected. The power supply 1, the leakage protector 2 and the gas tank 4 are located outside the shell 9. The shell 9 is provided with a jet generator 6. The jet generator 6 is electrically connected to the power supply 1 and can provide a high voltage with a frequency of 10kHz and an effective value of 5-10kV. The leakage protector 2 is located on the connected wire, and the leakage protector 2 is located on the connected wire. The protector 2 is connected in series with the power supply 1. Once the output voltage of the power supply 1 is abnormal, the leakage protector 2 will be disconnected immediately, cutting off the current and preventing discharge. The entire action time is less than 0.5 seconds, effectively avoiding the harm of the fault to the operator and the patient. The power supply 1 is controlled by the power control panel. A jet port is provided at one end of the housing 9, and an air inlet 3 is provided at the rear end of the housing 9. The air inlet 3 is connected to the gas tank 4, and the gas tank 4 is filled with helium. The gas tank 4 provides working gas to the jet generator 6 through the air inlet 3. The airflow is controlled by the airflow control panel, and the range controller 5 is used to control the range of the jet generator 6. The power control panel can change the waveform, effective value, and frequency of the output voltage of the power supply 1 by pressing buttons; the airflow control panel can change the airflow volume of the gas output by the gas tank 4 by pressing buttons, achieving the purpose of adjustable parameters.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the jet generator 6 includes a bottom plate 14, a first quartz tube 15, a second quartz tube 16, an electrode 17 and a grounding electrode 18. The bottom plate 14 serves as a supporting structure of the jet generator 6. The bottom plate 14 is made of quartz. A plurality of rollers 22 are arranged on the bottom plate 14. A guide rail 21 with a length of 6 cm is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 9. The roller 22 is slidably connected to the guide rail 21. Buckles 28 are arranged at both ends of the guide rail 21 to prevent the roller 22 from falling out of the guide rail 21. The bottom plate 14 is provided with a plurality of through holes 19 with a diameter of 10 mm at a distance of 20 mm from the center of the circle. The plurality of through holes 19 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the bottom plate 14. The plurality of through holes 19 are preferably six. A thread is arranged at the through hole 19. The rear end of the second quartz tube 16 is threadedly connected to the through hole 19. There is a gap between the second quartz tube 16 and the shell 9. The first quartz tube 15 is located in the second quartz tube 16. A quartz tube 15 and a second quartz tube 16 are coaxially arranged. The first quartz tube 15 is connected to the second quartz tube 16. There is a gap between the first quartz tube 15 and the second quartz tube 16, which is convenient for gas to pass through and ensures normal gas circulation. The electrode 17 is made of copper. The main body of the electrode 17 is a solid cylinder. The front end of the electrode 17 is needle-like. The electrode 17 is located in the first quartz tube 15. The electrode 17 is threadedly connected to the first quartz tube 15 to ensure that the electrode 17 is firmly inserted into the first quartz tube 15, ensuring that the entire jet generator 6 can safely and stably generate plasma jets. The front end of the first quartz tube 15 is closed, and the front end of the electrode 17 is located in the first quartz tube 15 to avoid the high-voltage electrode directly facing the skin, further ensuring the safety of discharge. The length of the rear end of the electrode 17 exposed from the bottom plate 14 is 1 cm, which is used to be electrically connected to the power supply 1 to ensure good contact. The grounding electrode 18 is a ring made of aluminum foil. The grounding electrode 18 is sleeved on the outer surface of the second quartz tube 16, and each grounding electrode 18 is connected to the grounding wire 27. Insert by selecting One or more The electrode 17 can freely switch between single electrode discharge and array discharge, thereby changing the contact area between the jet and the living body. The high-voltage electrode 17 is isolated from the hand of the external operator by five layers of "quartz-air-quartz-air-quartz", and the thickness of each layer is reasonably set (the thickness of the outer shell 9 is 3mm, the gap between the second quartz tube 16 and the outer shell 9 is 5mm, the thickness of the second quartz tube 16 is 1mm, the gap between the second quartz tube 16 and the first quartz tube 15 is 2mm, and the thickness of the first quartz tube 15 is 1mm), which can ensure that the high-voltage electrode 17 will not cause harm to the operator and ensure the absolute safety of the device.

[0033] In this embodiment, a mounting hole 20 for mounting a temperature measuring element is provided at the center of the base plate 14. The diameter of the mounting hole 20 is 18 mm, which matches the diameter of the temperature measuring element. The temperature measuring element is fixed in the mounting hole 20 at the center of the base plate 14 to ensure stable and reliable temperature measurement. The temperature measuring element is an infrared temperature sensor, which is electrically connected to the display controller outside the housing 9, so as to facilitate reading the surface temperature of the test organism, monitor the jet temperature in real time, and effectively avoid malfunctions.

[0034] In this embodiment, the range controller 5 includes a first transmission shaft 10, a second transmission shaft 38, a driving wheel 11, a driven wheel 29 and a rotating shaft 12. The first transmission shaft 10, the second transmission shaft 38, the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 29 are all located in the housing 9. The driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 29 rotate relative to the housing 9 through a certain axis 32 respectively. One end of the first transmission shaft 10 and one end of the second transmission shaft 38 are both connected to the bottom plate 14 of the jet generator 6. The first transmission shaft 10 is provided with meshing teeth that mesh with the driving wheel 11, and the second transmission shaft 38 is provided with meshing teeth that mesh with the driven wheel 29. The driving wheel 11 is responsible for adjusting the distance of the jet generator 6, and the driven wheel 29 rotates with the movement of the jet generator 6, and at the same time plays a fixing role after determining the optimal distance. The driving wheel 11 is connected to the rotating shaft 12, and the rotating shaft 12 is rotatably connected to the housing 9, and one end of the rotating shaft 12 extends out of the housing 9.

[0035] This embodiment also includes a dial 35, a fixed shaft 36 and a fastening knob 30, both of which are located outside the housing 9, and a scale is provided on the dial 35 to facilitate determination of the distance moved by the jet generator 6, one end of the rotating shaft 12 passes through the dial 35 and is connected to the control knob 13, the driven wheel 29 is provided with a slot structure 33, and the fixed shaft 36 is threadedly connected to the slot structure 33 and the dial 35 through a fastening thread 31. By rotating the control knob 13, the rotating shaft 12 and the driving wheel 11 rotate, thereby driving the first transmission shaft 10 and the bottom plate 14 to move forward and backward, and the operator can adjust the length of the jet outside the device by rotating the control knob 13. When the position of the jet generator 6 is adjusted by the control knob 13, the fixed shaft 36 is screwed out; the control knob 13 drives the driving wheel 11 to rotate through the rotating shaft 12, and the driving wheel 11 drives the first transmission shaft 10 to move axially along the housing 9, and at the same time the second transmission shaft 38 drives the driven wheel 29 to rotate. When the jet generator 6 is adjusted to the optimal position, the fixed shaft 36 is screwed in by the tightening knob 30, and the fixed shaft 36 is threadedly connected with the slot structure 33 and the dial 35 respectively, so as to fix the driven wheel 29, thereby fixing the position of the jet generator 6.

[0036] In this embodiment, in order to prevent the wire from being entangled with the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 29 and affecting safety, a partition structure is arranged in the outer shell 9. The partition structure is located between the first transmission shaft 10 and the second transmission shaft 38 of the range controller 5. The partition structure forms a gas channel 37. The air inlet 3 is connected to the gas channel 37, thereby reducing gas waste. The partition structure includes a first partition 23 and a second partition 24. One end of the first partition 23 is connected to the bottom plate 14 of the jet generator 6, and one end of the second partition 24 is connected to the outer shell 9. When the position of the jet generator 6 is adjusted, the first partition 23 and the second partition 24 are slidably connected.

[0037] In this embodiment, a terminal board 25 is provided in the partition structure, and the terminal board 25 is a high-voltage terminal board. The electrode 17 of the jet generator 6 is connected to the terminal post 26 on the terminal board 25, and the terminal post 26 is a high-voltage terminal. The terminal board 25 is electrically connected to the leakage protector 2 located outside the outer shell 9, and the leakage protector 2 is electrically connected to the power supply 1.

[0038] In this embodiment, a bracket 8 is provided at the jet port of the housing 9, and the bracket 8 includes a collar 34 and a plurality of protrusions 39. The collar 34 is threadedly connected to the housing 9, and the length of the bracket 8 is adjusted by adjusting the length of the threaded connection between the collar 34 and the housing 9. A protrusion 39 for contacting the surface to be disinfected (skin) is provided at the front end of the collar 34 every 90°. The function of the protrusion 39 is to expand the contact area between the bracket 8 and the skin of the living body, and ensure the stability and reliability of the supporting effect. When the skin of the living body floats up and down due to respiration, the protrusion 39 can better enable the device to move with the floating of the skin of the living body. The bracket 8 is located at the front end of the housing 9 and is detachable, which is convenient for the operator to control the range, and is convenient for accurately disinfecting the living body after the plasma jet is generated, thereby improving the operability of the device, and the gas can be discharged through the gap on the bracket 8, thereby ensuring the safety of the device.

[0039] The protection detection system includes a leakage protector 2 connected to a power supply 1, an infrared thermometer 7 and a housing 9. The leakage protector 2 can realize power-off processing when the voltage and current are abnormal. The infrared thermometer 7 is installed at the center of the bottom plate 14. The jets generated by the six through holes 19 around it interact with each other, ensuring the accuracy of the results of the infrared thermometer 7. By testing the surface temperature of the living body, the specific temperature can be obtained in the single display controller connected to the rear end of the infrared thermometer 7, achieving the purpose of protecting the living body during disinfection and sterilization. The housing 9 is the outermost part of the device, which can isolate the internal generating device and the external operator, thereby improving the safety of operation. The generating system includes a power supply 1, an air inlet 3, and a gas tank 4; the control system includes a power control panel, an air flow control panel, a range controller 5 and a bracket 8.

[0040] The plasma jet device of the present embodiment selects helium as the working gas for generating the jet, and uses a low-temperature plasma experimental power supply 1 with adjustable frequency and voltage as the high-voltage power supply 1 of the generating system. A range controller 5 capable of controlling the jet length and a jet generator 6 capable of controlling the jet area are used. In addition, in consideration of the stability and safety of the above-mentioned structure, a group of safety protection settings are also provided. Under the synergistic effect of the generating system, the control system and the protection monitoring system, the present embodiment can continuously and stably generate a plasma jet with adjustable parameters when working, and can be used for disinfection and sterilization of living bodies in the field of clinical medicine. It also has the advantages of simple operation and high flexibility.

[0041] The technical solution of this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0042] Stable and efficient: During disinfection and sterilization, this device uses helium as the working gas, which can continuously and stably generate plasma jets after passing through high-voltage electrodes. At the same time, the materials used in this device are stable, not easy to damage, low in cost, highly practical, and have a long service life; and studies have shown that plasma jets can more thoroughly eliminate bacteria in clinical disinfection than other disinfection methods without harming body cells, and can sterilize more efficiently.

[0043] Adjustable parameters: The device uses a gear transmission structure to control the length of the external jet of the device, and uses a power supply 1 control board and an airflow control board to control the strength of the jet. At the same time, an electrode 17 that can be replaced independently is selected, and the jet area can be adjusted, thereby realizing the application from small area disinfection to large area treatment.

[0044] Easy to operate: After being assembled, the device has the advantage of being easy to disassemble, and the number of electrodes 17 can be freely changed; if internal device wear occurs, components can also be replaced independently, and it is easy to repair.

[0045] Wide range of uses and high safety: This device adopts a protective device, which will not damage the body while sterilizing. It can automatically disconnect the power supply1 in case of abnormality, and will not cause accidents. In addition, plasma jets can also be used in teeth whitening and root canal treatment. Studies have shown that atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets are fast and non-destructive, and can quickly and efficiently clean up stubborn tartar. Statistics show that more than 90% of root canal treatment failures are caused by incomplete disinfection and sterilization. The improved plasma jet device can penetrate deep into the teeth for disinfection, which can ensure the standard of root canal treatment sterilization.

[0046] The present specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A plasma jet device, characterized in that: It comprises a power supply, a jet generator, a shell, a range controller and a gas tank, wherein the jet generator is arranged in the shell, the jet generator is electrically connected to the power supply, a jet port is arranged at one end of the shell, an air inlet is also opened on the shell, the air inlet is communicated with the gas tank, the gas tank provides working gas to the jet generator through the air inlet, and the range controller is used to control the range of the jet generator; The range controller comprises a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a rotating shaft, wherein the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are all located in the housing, one end of the first transmission shaft and one end of the second transmission shaft are both connected to the jet generator, the first transmission shaft is provided with meshing teeth meshing with the driving wheel, the second transmission shaft is provided with meshing teeth meshing with the driven wheel, the driving wheel is connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the housing, and one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the housing; It also includes a temperature measuring element, which is located on the jet generator.

2. The plasma jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet generator includes a base plate, a first quartz tube, a second quartz tube, an electrode and a grounding electrode. A roller is arranged on the base plate, a guide rail is arranged on the shell, the roller is slidably connected to the guide rail, a plurality of through holes are opened on the base plate, threads are arranged at the through holes, the rear end of the second quartz tube is threadedly connected to the through holes, the first quartz tube is located in the second quartz tube, the electrode is located in the first quartz tube, the front end of the first quartz tube is closed, the electrode is electrically connected to the power supply, and the grounding electrode is arranged on the second quartz tube.

3. The plasma jet device according to claim 2, characterized in that: There is a gap between the first quartz tube and the second quartz tube, and there is a gap between the second quartz tube and the housing.

4. The plasma jet device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrode is made of copper, and the front end of the electrode is needle-shaped; the grounding electrode is a ring made of aluminum foil, and the grounding electrode is sleeved on the outer surface of the second quartz tube.

5. The plasma jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a dial, a fixed shaft and a fastening knob, wherein the dial and the fastening knob are both located outside the housing, the dial is provided with a scale, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the dial and is connected to the control knob, the driven wheel is provided with a slot structure, and the fixed shaft is threadedly connected to the slot structure and the dial.

6. The plasma jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is made of quartz, a bracket is arranged at the jet port of the shell, the bracket comprises a collar and a plurality of protrusions, the collar is threadedly connected to the shell, a plurality of protrusions are arranged at the front end of the collar, and the protrusions are used to contact the surface to be disinfected.

7. The plasma jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partition structure is arranged in the shell, the partition structure forms a gas channel, the air inlet is connected to the gas channel, the partition structure includes a first partition and a second partition, one end of the first partition is connected to the jet generator, one end of the second partition is connected to the shell, and the first partition and the second partition are slidably connected.

8. The plasma jet device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A wiring board is arranged in the partition structure, the jet generator is connected to the wiring board, and the wiring board is electrically connected to a power source located outside the shell.

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