A multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for a power transmission line. It includes a vibration energy harvester, a vibration sensor, a circuit module and a packaging shell; the vibration energy harvester is a vibration-type electromagnetic generator, and the vibration energy harvester adopts an initial position center dislocation design, and the vibration energy harvester is used to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line, and convert it into electrical energy for output for use by other power consumption components; the vibration sensor is a friction electric vibration sensor, and the vibration sensor adopts a quasi-zero stiffness structure design. The present invention is aimed at the wind-induced vibration scenario of the transmission line. The device can simultaneously realize the vibration energy collection of the transmission line and the multi-parameter self-powered sensing of temperature, humidity, vibration status, etc., thereby avoiding the problem of being unable to achieve continuous and stable energy supply due to restrictions on bad weather and specific transmission conditions, and realizing status warning through system integration, which can further promote the construction of an intelligent inspection network for transmission lines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of power grid monitoring, and in particular to a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for a power transmission line. Background Art

[0002] As a key infrastructure in global energy construction, transmission lines play a vital role in the energy supply network. Transmission lines are characterized by wide distribution, long length, and high-altitude erection. In addition, transmission lines are mainly installed in mountainous areas, hills and other areas to prevent waste of land resources. However, challenges such as high-risk mountain roads, low efficiency and unforeseen dangers have seriously hindered the daily inspection of transmission lines. In particular, the temperature and vibration status of the conductors are particularly prominent issues affecting the normal operation of transmission lines. Continuous vibration and temperature changes will directly affect the safety and efficiency of transmission lines. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the temperature and vibration of transmission lines, which is the key to ensuring the operating status of transmission lines and the safety of power grid operation.

[0003] The development of digital technology has further promoted the progress of intelligent detection technology. It is worth noting that the construction of intelligent inspection networks requires the installation of a large number of multi-parameter power sensors in the transmission lines. However, traditional battery power supplies cannot meet the needs of a large number of distributed layouts. Therefore, the energy supply problem of power sensors has become increasingly prominent. At present, the environmental energy harvesting technology of intelligent transmission lines has been widely studied, among which the most widely used methods are photovoltaic power generation and CT mutual inductance. However, photovoltaic power generation technology is greatly affected by the environment and cannot obtain energy under severe weather conditions such as rain, snow, and hail. CT mutual inductance technology has problems with core saturation and power supply dead zone, and is only applicable to AC transmission lines, and cannot meet the growing demand for new ultra-high voltage DC transmission lines. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology that can achieve continuous and stable energy harvesting even in severe weather and specific transmission conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines to address the problem that the existing transmission line environmental energy harvesting technology is limited by severe weather and specific transmission conditions and cannot achieve continuous and stable energy supply.

[0005] A multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for a power transmission line, comprising:

[0006] A vibration energy harvester, which is a vibration-type electromagnetic generator, the vibration energy harvester adopts an initial position center offset design, and is used to collect vibration energy of the transmission line and convert it into electrical energy for output for use by other power consumption elements;

[0007] A vibration sensor, which is a triboelectric vibration sensor, the vibration sensor adopts a quasi-zero stiffness structure design, and the vibration sensor is used to convert vibration energy into a voltage signal output;

[0008] A circuit module, which is used to manage electric energy, and the circuit module is also used to receive the voltage signal and the multi-parameter signal, and send the voltage signal and the multi-parameter signal to a data early warning center;

[0009] The packaging shell is used for installing a vibration energy harvester, a vibration sensor and a circuit module, and the packaging shell can be fixed on a transmission line or a spacer rod.

[0010] As a preferred example, the vibration energy harvester includes a vibrator magnet and a coil, the axial direction of the vibrator magnet is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the coil, the moving direction of the vibrator magnet is the radial direction of the coil, and in the initial position, the center position of the vibrator magnet is aligned with the outer boundary of the coil.

[0011] As a preferred example, at least two coils are arranged on one side of the same vibrator magnet along the moving direction of the vibrator magnet.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, coils are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the same vibrator magnet.

[0013] As a preferred example, at least two vibrator magnets are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction.

[0014] As a preferred example, the vibration energy harvester also includes a generator housing, a vibration fixing block and a suspension spring, wherein the vibration fixing block, the suspension spring, the vibrator magnet and the coil are all arranged in the generator housing; the vibration fixing block is provided with a magnet slot, a spring slot and a spring mounting hole connected to the spring slot, the magnet slot is used to install the vibrator magnet, one end of the suspension spring is connected to the inner wall of the generator housing, and the other end passes through the spring slot and is connected to the spring mounting hole; the suspension spring is used to suspend the vibration fixing block in the generator housing.

[0015] As a preferred example, a linear guide is provided on the inner wall of the generator housing along the moving direction of the vibrator magnet, a slider is slidably connected to the linear guide, and the slider is connected to the vibration fixing block to limit the vibration direction of the vibration fixing block so that it will not deflect.

[0016] As a preferred example, the vibration sensor includes an upper magnet, a lower magnet, a middle magnet, a compression spring and a friction power generation unit; the upper magnet, the lower magnet and the middle magnet are coaxially arranged; wherein the upper magnet and the lower magnet are fixed ends, and the middle magnet is a movable end; the compression spring is used to make the middle magnet suspend between the upper magnet and the lower magnet to provide positive stiffness, and the upper magnet and the middle magnet, and the middle magnet and the lower magnet are all arranged with the same polarity to provide negative stiffness, and the positive stiffness and the negative stiffness constitute a quasi-zero stiffness, which is used to achieve high-sensitivity vibration response of the middle magnet; the friction power generation unit is a vertical contact-separation mode friction nanogenerator structure, which is arranged between the upper magnet and the middle magnet and between the middle magnet and the lower magnet, and is connected through an external load to form a loop for converting the vibration of the middle magnet into a voltage signal.

[0017] As a preferred example, the upper magnet, the lower magnet and the middle magnet are in the shape of a round magnet, a square magnet or a special-shaped magnet.

[0018] As a preferred example, the upper magnet and the lower magnet are arranged to have the same size.

[0019] As a preferred example, the vibration sensor also includes an upper cover, a base and a vibrator plate; the upper cover is connected to the top of the base, and the two form a shell as a whole, the upper magnet is installed at the center position of the upper cover, the lower magnet is installed at the center position of the base, and the middle magnet is installed at the center position of the vibrator plate; multiple compression springs are symmetrically installed on both sides of the vibrator plate, and the ends of the multiple compression springs away from the vibrator plate are connected to the upper cover or the base.

[0020] As a preferred example, a middle groove for installing a middle magnet is provided at the center of the vibrator plate, and spring grooves three for installing a compression spring are provided at the four corners on both sides of the vibrator plate.

[0021] As a preferred example, the friction power generation unit includes a conductive layer, a friction layer 1 and a friction layer 2, the conductive layer covers the inner wall of the upper cover and the base and is connected to the external load, the friction layer 1 covers the conductive layer, and the friction layer 2 covers both sides of the vibrator plate; the friction layer 1 and the friction layer 2 are used for contact electrification between the two when vibration occurs.

[0022] As a preferred example, the vibration sensor, the vibration energy harvester and the circuit module are sequentially installed in a stacked form in the packaging housing.

[0023] As a preferred example, two sets of vibration sensors, vibration energy harvesters and circuit modules are arranged in one packaging shell and are symmetrically distributed along the symmetry line of the packaging shell.

[0024] As a preferred example, the packaging shell includes two half protective shells and two half mounting base shafts; the two half protective shells are each provided with a vibration sensor, a vibration energy harvester and a circuit module, and the two half protective shells can form a complete protective shell, and the two half mounting base shafts can form a complete mounting base shaft, the mounting base shaft is connected to the central axis position of the protective shell, and the half mounting base shaft is used to clamp and fix the power transmission line.

[0025] As a preferred example, the packaging shell also includes a rubber shaft and a protective plate. The rubber shaft is arranged in the semi-mounting base shaft to enhance the stability of the semi-mounting base shaft fixed on the power transmission line; the protective plate is arranged at the opening of the semi-protective shell to enhance the sealing of the internal components of the semi-protective shell.

[0026] As a preferred example, the self-powered monitoring device also includes a sensor that requires an external power supply, which is used to receive environmental information and generate multi-parameter signals. The sensor that requires an external power supply is arranged in a packaging shell and connected to the circuit module.

[0027] As a preferred example, the self-powered monitoring device also includes a transmission line and a split sensor unit, the transmission line is used to connect the circuit module and the split sensor unit to power the split sensor unit; the split sensor unit can be arranged on a spacer rod, and the split sensor unit includes a variety of sensors that require an external power supply.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. The present invention realizes the collection of vibration energy and multi-parameter self-powered sensing and early warning of transmission lines: for the wind-induced vibration scenario of transmission lines, the device can simultaneously realize the collection of vibration energy of transmission lines and multi-parameter self-powered sensing of temperature, humidity and vibration status, thereby avoiding the problem of being unable to achieve continuous and stable energy supply due to restrictions on bad weather and specific transmission conditions, and realizing status early warning through system integration, which can further promote the construction of intelligent inspection networks for transmission lines.

[0030] 2. The present invention expands the amplitude response range of the transmission line vibration energy harvesting device: the quasi-zero stiffness structure and center offset design can improve the system's output performance at low vibration amplitudes, thereby expanding its vibration amplitude response range. The system can realize micro-amplitude vibration energy collection and vibration state monitoring within a wide frequency range, completely covering the breeze vibration range of the transmission line.

[0031] 3. The present invention uses a self-powered hardware circuit to provide coordinated energy supply for low-power, self-powered sensing: the hardware circuit composed of a power management unit and a microcontroller unit can coordinate the vibration generator for energy collection, and the vibration sensor and temperature and humidity sensor are used for self-powered sensing. In addition, the low-power circuit design further enhances the engineering application value of the system.

[0032] 4. The split packaging structure adopted by the present invention can be flexibly applied to transmission lines and spacers: the system can flexibly realize the vibration energy collection and status monitoring of transmission lines and multi-split spacers. It can effectively ensure accurate status monitoring and intelligent analysis of transmission line inspections in environments with steep terrain, difficult power extraction, and difficult fault judgment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a working principle diagram of the multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines proposed by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of different positions of a vibration energy harvester in one embodiment when it is working;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of different working positions of a vibration sensor in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 4 A diagram showing the force variation of the quasi-zero stiffness force in the vibration sensor;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure in which a vibration energy harvester is installed in a packaging shell in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fixing block on the upper surface of a vibration display in one of the embodiments;

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fixing block of a lower surface of a vibration display in one of the embodiments;

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the connection between the generator housing and the linear guide rail in one embodiment;

[0041] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester provided with three vibrator magnets in one embodiment;

[0042] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester provided with two vibrator magnets in one embodiment;

[0043] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibration sensor in one of the embodiments;

[0044] Fig.12 A schematic diagram showing the structure of an upper cover of an upper surface in one embodiment;

[0045] Fig.13 A schematic diagram showing the structure of an upper cover of a lower surface in one embodiment;

[0046] Fig.14 is a schematic structural diagram of a base showing an upper surface in one embodiment;

[0047] Fig.15 is a schematic structural diagram of a base showing a lower surface in one embodiment;

[0048] Fig.16 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a vibrator plate on the upper surface in one embodiment;

[0049] Fig.17 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a vibrator plate on the lower surface in one embodiment;

[0050] Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fixed cover in one of the embodiments;

[0051] Fig.19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power supply monitoring device in one embodiment after removing a half protective shell;

[0052] Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of the structure of one half of the modules in the dual-module design of the self-powered monitoring device in one embodiment;

[0053] Fig.21 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-powered monitoring device provided with a split-type sensor unit in one embodiment.

[0054] In the figure: a vibration sensor 100; an upper magnet 110, a lower magnet 120, a middle magnet 130, a friction power generation unit 140, a compression spring 150, an upper cover 160, a base 170, a vibrator plate 180, and a fixed cover 190;

[0055] Conductive layer 141, friction layer 1 142, friction layer 2 143, upper magnet groove 161, spring groove 1 162, power generation unit mounting surface 1 163, spring groove 2 171, power generation unit mounting surface 172, support wall 173, lower magnet groove 174, middle magnet groove 181, spring groove 3 182, power generation unit mounting surface 3 183, spring through hole 191, power generation unit mounting surface 4 192;

[0056] Vibration energy harvester 200; coil 210, vibrator magnet 220, generator housing 230, vibration fixing block 240, suspension spring 250, linear guide rail 260, slider 270;

[0057] Spring slot 241, magnet slot 242, spring mounting hole 243;

[0058] Circuit module 300, packaging shell 400, transmission line 500, split sensor unit 600;

[0059] A half protective shell 410 , a half mounting base shaft 420 , a half rubber shaft 430 , and a protective plate 440 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time.

[0062] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0063] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0064] Using vibration energy harvesting technology to achieve wind-induced vibration energy harvesting and self-powered sensing of transmission lines is a novel solution to achieve self-powered monitoring of transmission lines. It is worth noting that the breeze vibration of the transmission line lasts the longest and exhibits the characteristics of a wide frequency range and small amplitude. Therefore, the breeze vibration energy harvesting of the transmission line requires improving the bandwidth, amplitude response range, vibration response sensitivity, etc. of the device.

[0065] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for a transmission line, which includes a vibration energy harvester 200, a vibration sensor 100, a circuit module 300, a packaging shell 400 and an active sensor (in this case, an active sensor means a sensor that requires an external power supply, and a passive sensor means a sensor that does not require an external power supply. For ease of description, the following descriptions are all active and passive). The vibration energy harvester 200 is a vibration-type electromagnetic generator. It adopts an initial position center misalignment design combined with electromagnetic power generation technology to improve the output performance under micro-vibration conditions. The vibration energy harvester 200 includes a coil 210 and a vibrator magnet 220. As Figure 2 As shown, the axial direction of the vibrator magnet 220 is parallel to the axial direction of the coil 210, and it is ensured that in the initial position (i.e. Figure 2 The center position of the vibrator magnet 220 is aligned with the outer boundary of the coil 210. At the same time, the moving direction of the vibrator magnet 220 needs to be along the radial direction of the coil 210 (in the upper left corner of the schematic diagram). Figure 2 In the structure, the axes of several coils 210 are oriented left and right, and the moving direction of the vibrator magnet 220 is up and down). Compared with the traditional center-aligned design, the output signal of the offset coil 210 is greatly improved under low-amplitude vibration. This is because the farther the magnetic induction lines of the magnet are from the center of the magnet, the smaller the density. Therefore, under the action of low-amplitude vibration, the change in the magnetic induction lines in the offset coil 210 is greater than the change in the center-aligned structure. The vibration energy harvester 200 is used to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line and convert it into electrical energy for output for use by other power-consuming components. The vibration sensor 100 is a friction electric vibration sensor 100, which is a passive vibration sensor 100, and adopts a quasi-zero stiffness structure design combined with a vertical contact separation friction nano-power generation mode to improve the sensing amplitude sensitivity. Figure 3As shown, the friction electric vibration sensor 100 includes an upper magnet 110, a lower magnet 120, a middle magnet 130, a compression spring 150 and a friction power generation unit 140. Among them, the upper magnet 110, the lower magnet 120 and the middle magnet 130 are coaxially arranged. And the upper magnet 110 and the lower magnet 120 are both fixedly arranged, which are fixed ends. The middle magnet 130 is suspended between the upper and lower magnets 120, which is the movable end. Compression springs 150 are respectively arranged above and below the middle magnet 130 to make it vibrate in the air to provide positive stiffness. Compression springs 150 are respectively arranged above and below the middle magnet 130 to make it vibrate in the air to provide positive stiffness. As shown Figure 4 As shown, the compression restoring force KS of the compression spring 150 and the repulsive force KM of the magnet constitute a quasi-zero stiffness force KQZS, so that the middle magnet 130 achieves a high-sensitivity vibration response with a stiffness close to zero within a certain range above and below the equilibrium position. At the same time, a set of friction power generation units 140 are installed on the relative surfaces of the upper magnet 110 and the middle magnet 130, and the middle magnet 130 and the lower magnet 120. The friction power generation unit 140 is connected to an external load to convert vibration energy into electrical energy output, and the output voltage signal can reflect the vibration frequency and amplitude. According to different monitoring requirements, a suitable active sensor is selected to be set in the package shell 400 or installed outside, and the active sensor is connected to the circuit module 300 for connecting the power supply and transmitting the multi-parameter signal generated by the active sensor. The circuit module 300 includes an energy management circuit, a single-chip microcomputer, a low-power control switch and a wireless transmitter. The energy management circuit includes an AC / DC conversion circuit, an energy storage unit, etc., to achieve electrical energy management and energy storage of electrical components. In order to reduce the overall power consumption of the self-powered monitoring device, a low-power control switch is used to control the on and off of the active sensor, thereby reducing the power consumption of the active sensor during working intervals. At the same time, the single-chip microcomputer adopts a sleep mode to further reduce power consumption. The single-chip microcomputer in sleep mode works periodically, transmits sensor information (i.e., the electric energy, voltage signal generated by the friction electric vibration sensor 100, and the multi-parameter signal of the active sensor, etc.) through a wireless transmitter, and receives the sensor information through a wireless receiver of the data early warning center and processes and analyzes it to realize online monitoring and early warning of the status of the transmission line. Through the above settings, the multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device in this embodiment can still generate electricity stably under conditions of slight amplitude and wide-band vibration, reducing the impact of severe weather and specific transmission conditions on power generation.

[0066] Regarding the vibration energy harvester 200, in one embodiment, at least two coils 210 may be provided on one side of the vibrator magnet 220 at the same position along the moving direction of the vibrator magnet 220. The multiple coils 210 are parallel to the vibrator magnet 220 to improve the power generation performance. In another embodiment, further, coils 210 may be symmetrically provided on both sides of the same vibrator magnet 220 to improve the power generation performance. Furthermore, multiple vibrator magnets 220 may be provided in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction thereof. The centers of the multiple vibrator magnets 220 are located in the same straight line, and the multiple coils 210 matching the multiple vibrator magnets 220 are connected in series or in parallel to each other to convert the vibration energy into electrical energy output to further improve the power generation performance. In another embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the vibration energy harvester 200 further includes a generator housing 230, a vibration fixing block 240, a suspension spring 250, a linear guide rail 260 and a slider 270 based on the above embodiment. The generator housing 230 is hollow in design, so that the vibrator magnet 220 can vibrate in the air and accommodate components such as the vibration fixing block 240, the suspension spring 250 and the coil 210. Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, they are respectively the upper and lower surfaces of the vibration fixing block 240, and the vibration fixing block 240 is provided with a magnet groove 242, a spring groove 241 and a spring mounting hole 243 connected to the spring groove 241. The magnet groove 242 is used to install the vibrator magnet 220. One end of the suspension spring 250 is fixed to the inner wall of the generator housing 230, and the other end passes through the spring groove 241 and is installed on the spring mounting hole 243, so that the vibration fixing block 240 is suspended in the generator housing 230. The spring groove 241 is to leave space for the suspension spring 250 to prevent the suspension spring 250 from contracting to the limit when the vibration fixing block 240 moves upward and still hindering the continued upward movement of the vibration fixing block 240. As shown Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 2 , the linear guide rail 260 is fixed to the inner wall of the generator housing 230 along the moving direction of the vibrator magnet 220. The vibration fixing block 240 is fixedly connected to the slider 270, and is slidably connected to the linear guide rail 260 through the slider 270 to ensure that the vibration fixing block 240 does not deflect during the vertical vibration process. In some embodiments, the internal structure of the vibration energy harvester 200 can be as follows: Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, Fig. 9 If the number of the vibrator magnets 220 is set to 3, the number of the symmetrically installed coils 210 is set to 6; Fig.10 If the number of the vibrator magnets 220 is set to 2, the number of the symmetrically installed coils 210 is set to 4.

[0067] Regarding the vibration sensor 100, in one embodiment, the vibration sensor 100 further includes an upper cover 160, a base 170 and a vibrator plate 180 based on the above embodiment. Fig.11 As shown, the upper magnet 110 is installed at the center of the outer surface of the upper cover 160. The lower magnet 120 is installed at the center of the outer surface of the base 170. The middle magnet 130 is installed and fixed at the center of the upper surface of the vibrator plate 180. For the fixation of the middle magnet 130, an additional fixing cover 190 can be provided. The fixing cover 190 is bonded to the vibrator plate 180 to clamp the middle magnet 130 in the middle for fixation to prevent it from falling on the vibrator plate 180. Optionally, the shape of the upper magnet 110, the lower magnet 120, and the middle magnet 130 is any one of a circular magnet, a square magnet or a special-shaped magnet. In order to ensure that the upper and lower repulsive forces on the middle magnet 130 are basically the same, the upper magnet 110 and the lower magnet 120 should be the same size, and the size of the middle magnet 130 is not limited, and can be selected in combination with the quality of the spring damping system formed by the vibrator. A plurality of compression springs 150 are symmetrically installed at the upper and lower positions of the vibrator plate 180, and are compressed and limited by the upper cover 160 and the base 170. The friction power generation unit 140 adopts a vertical contact-separation mode friction nanogenerator structure. Two sets of friction power generation units 140 are respectively installed between the upper cover 160 and the vibrator plate 180 and between the base 170 and the vibrator plate 180, and connected through an external load to form a loop.

[0068] Furthermore, in another embodiment, an upper magnet groove 161 may be provided at the center of the outer surface of the upper cover 160. Fig.12 As shown, it is used to install the upper magnet 110. The inner surface of the upper cover 160 has four spring grooves 162 at the four corners. Fig.13 As shown, it is used to install the compression spring 150. The center of the inner surface of the upper cover 160 is set as a power generation unit installation surface 163 for installing the friction power generation unit 140. In addition, four spring grooves 171 can be respectively opened at the four corners of the inner surface of the base 170 for installing the compression spring 150. The center of the inner surface of the base 170 is set as a power generation unit installation surface 1722 for installing the friction power generation unit 140. A U-shaped support wall 173 is set around the base 170 for installing the upper cover 160, as shown in FIG. Fig.14 As shown, the middle vibration space is reserved. A lower magnet groove 174 is provided at the center of the outer surface of the base 170. Fig.15 As shown, it is used to install the lower magnet 120. A middle magnet groove 181 can also be provided at the center of the upper surface of the vibrator plate 180, such as Fig.16 As shown, for mounting the middle magnet 130, four spring grooves 182 are respectively provided at four corners of the lower surface of the vibrator plate 180, as shown in FIG. Fig.17As shown, it is used to install the compression spring 150. The center of the lower surface of the vibrator plate 180 is set as the power generation unit installation surface 3 183, which is used to install the friction power generation unit 140. The four corners of the fixing cover 190 are respectively provided with four spring through holes 191, as shown in FIG. Fig.18 As shown, it is used to avoid air when installing the compression spring 150. The center of the upper surface of the fixed cover 190 is set as the power generation unit installation surface 192. If the fixed cover 190 is not set, the upper surface of the vibrator plate 180 is set as the power generation unit installation surface 192, which is used to install the friction power generation unit 140. In this embodiment, the friction power generation unit 140 used includes a conductive layer 141, a friction layer 142 and a friction layer 143. Two sets of conductive layers 141 are respectively installed on the power generation unit installation surface 163 and the power generation unit installation surface 1722. The friction layer 142 is covered on the conductive layer 141. Two sets of friction layer 2 143 are respectively installed on the power generation unit installation surface 3 183 and the power generation unit installation surface 4 192. The two sets of conductive layers 141 are connected through an external load; when vibration occurs, the friction layer 142 and the friction layer 2 143 are contacted and electrified, so that the conductive layer 141 produces an inductive electrification effect, thereby forming a load current in the external circuit. Furthermore, regarding the power generation material of the friction power generation unit 140, the same pair of friction layer materials constituting a friction power generation unit 140 are polymer materials with triboelectric effect and different electrical polarities. For example, nylon, Kapton (polyimide) film, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) film, etc. can be selected. The conductive layer 141 material is a conductive metal material, such as copper, aluminum, etc. And the greater the difference in electrical polarity between a pair of friction materials or a friction material and a conductive friction material, the better the power generation effect.

[0069] In one embodiment, if Fig.19 As shown, the vibration sensor 100, the vibration energy harvester 200 and the circuit module 300 can be installed in a stacked form in the packaging shell 400 in sequence to improve the degree of integration. On the other hand, the vibration sensor 100, the vibration energy harvester 200 and the circuit module 300 are stacked in sequence to form a module. Two sets of modules can be symmetrically installed in a packaging shell 400 to improve the energy collection efficiency. The sensing data of the two sets of modules are averaged to improve the sensing accuracy, while maintaining the mass balance of the entire device and reducing the risk of rollover. At the same time, taking into account the harsh external environment of the transmission line, the reliability and safety of the device in the natural environment are improved through the packaging design. The packaging shell 400 with a symmetrical design of dual modules is integrated and installed as a fully enclosed shell, which can increase the convenience of transmission line installation to meet the engineering application requirements under the harsh environment of the transmission line. In this embodiment, Fig. 20As shown, the encapsulation shell 400 includes two half protective shells 410, two half mounting base shafts 420, two half rubber shafts 430 and two protective plates 440. A module is separately arranged in the two half protective shells 410, and can form a complete protective shell. The half mounting base shaft 420 is fixedly installed at the center position of the half protective shell 410 by bolts, and the two half mounting base shafts 420 can form a complete mounting base shaft. The half rubber shaft 430 is fixed at the end of the inner wall of the half mounting base shaft 420, and the two half rubber shafts 430 can form a complete rubber shaft. When the two half protective shells 410 are closed, the rubber shaft is used to enhance the stability of the mounting base shaft on the power transmission line. The protective plate 440 is installed at the opening of the half protective shell 410 by bolts to enhance the sealing of the internal components of the half protective shell 410. Furthermore, the semi-protective shell 410, the semi-mounting base shaft 420 and the protective plate 440 can all be made of metal materials, thereby forming a fully enclosed electromagnetic shielding cover to prevent electric fields, magnetic fields and various interferences in the transmission line.

[0070] Transmission lines and split spacers are important components of the power system. The spacers are installed between multiple split transmission lines and vibrate synchronously with the transmission lines to prevent collision or entanglement when the transmission lines 500 vibrate. Therefore, monitoring their condition can not only extend the service life of the spacers, but also ensure the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, in one embodiment, as Fig.21 As shown, the self-powered monitoring device includes a main body unit, a transmission line 500 and a split sensor unit 600. The main body unit is a unit composed of the encapsulation shell 400 and its internal electrical components in the above embodiment. Active sensors such as temperature and humidity, current, and light or other passive sensors are arranged inside the split sensor unit 600. The transmission line 500 is used to connect the internal sensor of the split sensor unit 600 with the internal circuit of the circuit module 300. The fixing form of the split sensor unit 600 can be consistent with the main body unit, or some other fixed structures can be set. The main body unit and the split sensor unit 600 are arranged independently and flexibly, which can realize the status monitoring of different parts of hardware such as transmission lines and spacers, so as to enhance the engineering application value.

[0071] In summary, the multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines provided by the present invention, in view of the characteristics of breeze vibration of the transmission line, uses a vibration energy harvester 200 to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line, and stores it in the power management circuit, so as to power the single-chip microcomputer and the active sensor; the passive vibration sensor 100 adopts a friction electric vibration sensor 100, which has a large amplitude response range and is used to sense the vibration of the transmission line and autonomously output the sensing signal to the single-chip microcomputer. Among them, in order to reduce the overall power consumption of the self-powered monitoring device, a low-power control switch is used to control the on and off of the active sensor, thereby reducing the power consumption of the active sensor during the working interval. At the same time, the single-chip microcomputer adopts the sleep mode to further reduce power consumption. The single-chip microcomputer in sleep mode works periodically, transmits sensor information through a wireless transmitter, receives it through a wireless receiver, and processes and analyzes it in the data warning center to realize online monitoring and early warning of the status of the transmission line.

[0072] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0073] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for a transmission line, characterized in that: include: A vibration energy harvester (200) is a vibration-type electromagnetic generator, and is used to collect vibration energy of a transmission line and convert it into electrical energy for output for use by other power consumption elements; the vibration energy harvester (200) comprises a vibrator magnet (220) and a coil (210), the axial direction of the vibrator magnet (220) and the axial direction of the coil (210) are arranged parallel, the moving direction of the vibrator magnet (220) is the radial direction of the coil (210), and in the initial position, the center position of the vibrator magnet (220) is aligned with the outer boundary of the coil (210); A vibration sensor (100) is a triboelectric vibration sensor (100). The vibration sensor (100) adopts a quasi-zero stiffness structural design and is used to convert vibration energy into a voltage signal output; the vibration sensor (100) comprises an upper magnet (110), a lower magnet (120), a middle magnet (130), a compression spring (150) and a triboelectric power generation unit (140); the upper magnet (110), the lower magnet (120) and the middle magnet (130) are coaxially arranged; wherein the upper magnet (110) and the lower magnet (120) are fixed ends, and the middle magnet (130) is a movable end; the compression spring (150) is used to allow the middle magnet (130) to move ) is suspended between the upper magnet (110) and the lower magnet (120) to provide positive stiffness, and the upper magnet (110) and the middle magnet (130), and the middle magnet (130) and the lower magnet (120) are all arranged with the same polarity to provide negative stiffness, and the positive stiffness and the negative stiffness constitute a quasi-zero stiffness, which is used to achieve a high-sensitivity vibration response of the middle magnet (130); the friction power generation unit (140) is a vertical contact-separation mode friction nanogenerator structure, which is arranged between the upper magnet (110) and the middle magnet (130) and between the middle magnet (130) and the lower magnet (120), and is connected to an external load to form a loop, which is used to convert the vibration of the middle magnet (130) into a voltage signal; A circuit module (300) for managing the electric energy, the circuit module (300) further for receiving the voltage signal and the multi-parameter signal, and sending the voltage signal and the multi-parameter signal to a data early warning center; The packaging shell (400) is used to install a vibration energy harvester (200), a vibration sensor (100) and a circuit module (300), and the packaging shell (400) can be fixed on a power transmission line or a spacer rod.

2. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two of the vibrator magnets (220) are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction, and coils (210) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the same vibrator magnet (220).

3. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration energy harvester (200) further comprises a generator housing (230), a vibration fixing block (240) and a suspension spring (250); the vibration fixing block (240), the suspension spring (250), the vibrator magnet (220) and the coil (210) are all arranged in the generator housing (230); the vibration fixing block (240) is provided with a magnet slot (242), a spring slot (241) and a spring mounting hole (243) connected to the spring slot (241); the magnet slot (242) is used for mounting the vibrator magnet (220); one end of the suspension spring (250) is connected to the inner wall of the generator housing (230), and the other end passes through the spring slot (241) and is connected to the spring mounting hole (243); the suspension spring (250) is used to suspend the vibration fixing block (240) in the generator housing (230).

4. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines according to claim 3, characterized in that: A linear guide rail (260) is provided on the inner wall of the generator housing (230) along the moving direction of the vibrator magnet (220); a slider (270) is slidably connected to the linear guide rail (260); the slider (270) is connected to the vibration fixing block (240) and is used to limit the vibration direction of the vibration fixing block (240) so that it does not deflect.

5. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration sensor (100) further comprises an upper cover (160), a base (170) and a vibrator plate (180); the upper cover (160) is connected to the top of the base (170), and the two integrally form a housing; the upper magnet (110) is mounted at the center of the upper cover (160), the lower magnet (120) is mounted at the center of the base (170), and the middle magnet (130) is mounted at the center of the vibrator plate (180); a plurality of compression springs (150) are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the vibrator plate (180), and one end of the plurality of compression springs (150) away from the vibrator plate (180) is connected to the upper cover (160) or the base (170).

6. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A middle groove for mounting the middle magnet (130) is provided at the center of the vibrator plate (180), and spring grooves (182) for mounting the compression spring (150) are provided at the four corners on both sides of the vibrator plate (180).

7. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The friction power generation unit (140) comprises a conductive layer (141), a friction layer 1 (142) and a friction layer 2 (143); the conductive layer (141) covers the inner side walls of the upper cover (160) and the base (170) and is connected to an external load; the friction layer 1 (142) covers the conductive layer (141); and the friction layer 2 (143) covers both sides of the vibrator plate (180); the friction layer 1 (142) and the friction layer 2 (143) are used for contact electrification between the two when vibration occurs.

8. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of vibration sensors (100), vibration energy harvesters (200) and circuit modules (300) are arranged in one package shell (400) and are symmetrically distributed along the symmetry line of the package shell (400).

9. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The packaging shell (400) comprises two half protective shells (410) and two half mounting base shafts (420); a vibration sensor (100), a vibration energy harvester (200) and a circuit module (300) are arranged in the two half protective shells (410), and the two half protective shells (410) can form a complete protective shell, and the two half mounting base shafts (420) can form a completed mounting base shaft, the mounting base shaft is connected to the central axis position of the protective shell, and the half mounting base shaft (420) is used to clamp and fix the power transmission line.

10. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The packaging shell (400) further comprises a rubber shaft and a protective plate (440); the rubber shaft is arranged inside the semi-mounting base shaft (420) and is used to enhance the stability of the semi-mounting base shaft (420) being fixed on the power transmission line; the protective plate (440) is arranged at the opening of the semi-protective shell (410) and is used to enhance the sealing performance of the components inside the semi-protective shell (410).

11. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-powered monitoring device also includes a sensor that requires an external power supply and is used to receive environmental information and generate a multi-parameter signal. The sensor that requires an external power supply is arranged in a packaging shell (400) and is connected to the circuit module (300).

12. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-powered monitoring device further comprises a transmission line (500) and a split sensor unit (600); the transmission line (500) is used to connect the circuit module (300) and the split sensor unit (600) so as to supply power to the split sensor unit (600); the split sensor unit (600) can be arranged on a spacer bar, and the split sensor unit comprises a plurality of sensors that require external power supply.

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