A dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide's double-beam wide-angle scanning antenna, it is made of single layer dielectric substrate, simple structure, section is lower and easy to integrate and application;First modulation module and second modulation module are in the edge of first metal layer and second metal layer, along signal transmission direction and are provided with several periodic array groove structures, the length direction of groove in each array groove structure is perpendicular to signal transmission direction;Slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide is formed by using first modulation module and second modulation module, to improve the scanning rate of double-beam wide-angle scanning antenna, it can scan wider angle in narrower frequency band range;By setting corresponding preset relative displacement to first modulation module and second modulation module, form asymmetric structure and inhibit stop band, to realize continuous beam scanning from rear to front space;Compared with prior art, the performance of double-beam wide-angle scanning antenna is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of radio antennas, and in particular relates to a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide. Background Art

[0002] Frequency-scanning antennas are traveling-wave antennas that radiate by introducing radiating elements into the transmission line to stimulate specific fast-wave modes. Frequency-scanning antennas have the unique property of a frequency-dependent beam, and their structure exhibits continuous leakage characteristics. Compared to array antennas that achieve similar functions, planar frequency-scanning antennas offer advantages such as frequency-dependent beam scanning, attractive directionality, low cost, and simple power supply. They are well-suited for applications in radar and wireless communication systems. Because their high scanning rates allow for efficient, high-resolution imaging, they are also finding applications in biomedicine and security.

[0003] Traditional frequency scanning antennas can achieve continuous beam scanning from backward to forward by introducing specific radiation structures. However, most continuous scanning is single-beam, and there is not much research on dual-beam frequency scanning antennas. The current methods for achieving dual-beam frequency scanning are: 1. Exciting the high-order modes of the radiating unit to produce dual beams, but the dual beams produced by this method have limited coverage and weak signal recognition capabilities; 2. Using a periodic unit structure to simultaneously excite the -1st and -2nd harmonics to produce dual beams, but the two beams have limited coverage, cannot scan in the sideways direction, and have a low scanning rate. 3. Using multi-port feeding to achieve dual-beam radiation, but the multi-port makes the feeding network more complex and increases the size of the antenna structure.

[0004] In summary, existing dual-beam frequency scanning antennas have the following disadvantages:

[0005] 1. Large size and high profile make it difficult to integrate and apply to planar circuits;

[0006] 2. The scanning rate is low, and a wide frequency band is required to scan a certain angle;

[0007] 3. The scanning range is limited and continuous beam scanning from the backward to the forward space cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, comprising:

[0010] A dielectric substrate, wherein a first metal layer and a second metal layer are respectively provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate; the intermediate regions of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are jointly configured as a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the upper and lower metal layer regions on one side of the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide are configured as a first transition portion, and the upper and lower metal layer regions on the other side are configured as a second transition portion; the upper and lower metal layer regions on the side of the first transition portion away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide are configured as a first feeding portion, and the upper and lower metal layer regions on the side of the second transition portion away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide are configured as a second feeding portion; the first metal layer and the second metal layer are provided with metal through-holes penetrating vertically along the midline of the signal transmission direction in a preset area. array; the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide includes: a first modulation module located on one side of the metal through-hole array and a second modulation module located on the other side of the metal through-hole array; the first modulation module and the second modulation module are both provided with a plurality of periodically arranged array groove structures at the edges of the first metal layer and the second metal layer along the signal transmission direction, and the length direction of the grooves in each array groove structure is perpendicular to the signal transmission direction; the part of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer and the part located in the second metal layer have a preset first relative displacement to achieve sinusoidal modulation; the part of the second modulation module located in the first metal layer and the part located in the second metal layer have a preset second relative displacement to achieve sinusoidal modulation.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal through holes in the metal through hole array are equal in size and equal in spacing; the preset area includes: the area of ​​the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, a partial area of ​​the first transition part, and a partial area of ​​the second transition part.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first transition portion and the second transition portion both include:

[0013] A first trapezoidal microstrip line, a second trapezoidal microstrip line, a first array structure, and a second array structure are located in the first metal layer; wherein the first trapezoidal microstrip line is located on one side of the metal through-hole array and is connected to the feeding portion on the corresponding side; the second trapezoidal microstrip line is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array and is connected to the feeding portion on the corresponding side; the first array structure is located on one side of the metal through-hole array and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide; the second array structure is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide; the first array structure and the second array structure are both provided with a plurality of first rectangular grooves along the signal transmission direction at the edge of the first metal layer, the length direction of the first rectangular grooves being perpendicular to the signal transmission direction, the widths of the plurality of first rectangular grooves being equal, and the lengths gradually increasing along the direction pointing to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, and the first array structure and the second array structure are axially symmetrical along the midline of the signal transmission direction;

[0014] A rectangular microstrip line, a third array structure, and a fourth array structure are located in the second metal layer; wherein the rectangular microstrip line is connected to the feeding portion on the corresponding side; the third array structure is located on one side of the metal through-hole array and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide; the fourth array structure is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide; the third array structure and the fourth array structure are both provided with the first rectangular grooves at the edge of the second metal layer along the signal transmission direction; the third array structure and the fourth array structure are axially symmetrical along the midline of the signal transmission direction.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the widths of the first trapezoidal microstrip line and the second trapezoidal microstrip line gradually increase along a direction pointing toward the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, in each array groove structure, the widths of all grooves are equal, and the lengths vary from shallow to deep and then to shallow again.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, for each array groove structure located in the first metal layer in the first modulation module, the array groove structure and the metal layer around it constitute a first area, and the first area and the second area corresponding to the first area in the second metal layer together constitute a first modulation unit.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first modulation module utilizes the preset first relative displacement to implement sinusoidal modulation, including:

[0019] There is a preset first relative displacement between the array groove structure of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer and the array groove structure located in the second metal layer, so that the part of each first modulation unit located in the first metal layer and the part located in the second metal layer form a sine curve, thereby realizing sinusoidal modulation.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, for each array groove structure located in the first metal layer in the second modulation module, the array groove structure and the metal layer around it constitute a third area, and the third area and the fourth area corresponding to the third area in the second metal layer together constitute a second modulation unit.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second modulation module utilizes the preset second relative displacement to implement sinusoidal modulation, including:

[0022] There is a preset second relative displacement between the array groove structure of the second modulation module located on the first metal layer and the array groove structure located on the second metal layer, so that the part of each second modulation unit located on the first metal layer and the part located on the second metal layer form a sine curve, thereby realizing sinusoidal modulation.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of array groove structures in the first modulation module is different from the number of array groove structures in the second modulation module.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] In the solution provided by the present invention, the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna is composed of a single-layer dielectric substrate, which has a simple structure, a low cross-section, and is easy to integrate and apply. A first modulation module and a second modulation module are used to form a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, thereby improving the scanning rate of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna and enabling scanning of a wider angle within a narrower frequency band. By setting corresponding preset relative displacements for the first modulation module and the second modulation module, an asymmetric structure is formed to suppress the open-stop band, thereby achieving continuous beam scanning from the backward to the forward space. Compared with existing technologies, the performance of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna is greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the front and back surfaces of a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of a first feeding portion located on a first metal layer in a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of a first transition portion located on a first metal layer in a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide located on the first metal layer in a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 The dispersion curves of half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, artificial surface plasmon and slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide are shown below.

[0031] Figure 6a-6b A dispersion curve diagram of a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide in a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7a-7d A -1st harmonic dispersion curve with and without relative displacement of the modulation unit in a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 A scattering parameter diagram of the simulation and test of a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9a-9d The measured far-field radiation pattern of a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 The figure shows the gain and efficiency at each frequency point of a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals

[0037] 1-dielectric substrate, 2-first metal layer, 3-second metal layer, 4-first feeding section, 5-first transition section, 6-slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, 7-second transition section, 8-second feeding section, 9-metal through-hole array, 4a-first microstrip line, 4b-second microstrip line, 4c-third microstrip line, 5a-transition section from the microstrip line in the first metal layer to the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, 5b-transition section from the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide in the first metal layer to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, 6a-first modulation unit, 6b-second modulation unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] See the front and back structural diagrams of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ,from Figure 1 The overall structure of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna can be seen in the figure. The embodiment of the present invention provides a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, such as Figure 1 As shown, it may include: a dielectric substrate 1, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1 are respectively provided with a first metal layer 2 and a second metal layer 3; the middle area of ​​the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 is jointly set as a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6, the upper and lower metal layer areas on one side of the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 are set as a first transition part 5, and the upper and lower metal layer areas on the other side are set as a second transition part 7; the upper and lower metal layer areas on the side of the first transition part 5 away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 are set as a first feeding part 4, and the upper and lower metal layer areas on the side of the second transition part 7 away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 are set as a second feeding part 8; the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 are arranged in a preset area along the midline of the signal transmission direction. A metal through-hole array 9 is provided running through the upper and lower parts; the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 includes: a first modulation module located on one side of the metal through-hole array 9 and a second modulation module located on the other side of the metal through-hole array 9; the first modulation module and the second modulation module are provided with a plurality of periodically arranged array groove structures at the edges of the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 along the signal transmission direction, and the length direction of the grooves in each array groove structure is perpendicular to the signal transmission direction; the part of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer 2 and the part located in the second metal layer 3 have a preset first relative displacement to realize sinusoidal modulation; the part of the second modulation module located in the first metal layer 2 and the part located in the second metal layer 3 have a preset second relative displacement to realize sinusoidal modulation.

[0040] The slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is a hybrid waveguide of a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and an artificial surface plasmon.

[0041] The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention operates in the microwave frequency band and is composed of a single-layer dielectric substrate. It has a simple structure, a low cross-section, and is easy to integrate and apply. A slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide is formed using a first modulation module and a second modulation module, thereby improving the scanning rate of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna and enabling scanning of a wider angle within a narrower frequency band. By setting corresponding preset relative displacements for the first modulation module and the second modulation module, an asymmetric structure is formed to suppress the open stop band, thereby achieving continuous beam scanning from the backward to the forward space.

[0042] To facilitate understanding, various parts of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0043] dielectric substrate

[0044] Optionally, the overall size of the dielectric substrate 1 may be 286 mm×13 mm, the thickness may be 0.813 mm, and the dielectric constant may be 3.55.

[0045] The dielectric substrate can play multiple roles in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna as follows:

[0046] Provide support and fixation: The dielectric substrate serves as the supporting structure of the antenna, which can fix the antenna components and circuits to ensure the stability and reliability of the antenna.

[0047] Electromagnetic wave propagation and coupling: Dielectric substrates have certain electromagnetic properties that can provide electromagnetic wave propagation and coupling. By adjusting the material and structure of the dielectric substrate, the antenna's electromagnetic performance can be optimized, improving its gain and directivity.

[0048] Impedance matching: The dielectric substrate can be used to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and the feeder circuit. By adjusting the thickness and material of the dielectric substrate, the output impedance of the antenna can be matched to the input impedance of the feeder circuit, improving the antenna's efficiency and signal quality.

[0049] Beam Steering: In a dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna, the dielectric substrate can be adjusted to control the beam direction and scanning range by adjusting the charge distribution or structure on its surface. By varying the shape and material of the dielectric substrate, different beam steering effects can be achieved, enabling wide-angle scanning.

[0050] In summary, the dielectric substrate plays an important role in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna. It not only provides support and fixation for the antenna, but also realizes functions such as electromagnetic wave propagation, impedance matching, and beam steering by adjusting its electromagnetic properties and structure, thereby improving the performance and function of the antenna.

[0051] Metal layer

[0052] A first metal layer 2 and a second metal layer 3 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1, respectively. The materials of the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 may include copper. The metal layers may have the following functions in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna:

[0053] Electromagnetic radiation and reflection: The metal layer acts as the antenna's radiating surface, enabling both electromagnetic radiation and reflection. By adjusting the shape and structure of the metal layer, the antenna's radiation direction and beam width can be controlled, enabling wide-angle scanning.

[0054] Electromagnetic coupling and separation: Metal layers can be used to achieve electromagnetic coupling and signal separation between antenna elements. By designing appropriate metal structures, signals from different beams can be coupled and separated, thus realizing the functionality of a dual-beam antenna.

[0055] Impedance matching and signal manipulation: The metal layer enables impedance matching and signal manipulation between the antenna and the feeder circuit. By adjusting the shape and structure of the metal layer, the antenna's output impedance can be matched to the feeder circuit's input impedance, improving antenna efficiency and signal quality. Furthermore, the metal layer can be used to manipulate the signal's phase and amplitude, enabling beam steering and directional control.

[0056] Scattering and anti-interference: The metal layer can be used to reduce the scattering and anti-interference capabilities of the antenna. By properly designing the shape and structure of the metal layer, the scattering and interference of the antenna can be reduced, and the performance and reliability of the antenna can be improved.

[0057] In summary, the metal layer plays an important role in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna. It not only realizes electromagnetic radiation and reflection, but also realizes electromagnetic coupling, impedance matching, signal control and anti-interference functions by adjusting its shape and structure, thereby improving the performance and function of the antenna.

[0058] Feeding part

[0059] The upper and lower metal layer regions of the first transition part 5 away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 are set as the first feeding part 4, and the upper and lower metal layer regions of the second transition part 7 away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 are set as the second feeding part 8.

[0060] Specifically, the first feeding part 4 and the second feeding part 8 both include a microstrip one-to-two power divider; the microstrip one-to-two power divider includes: a first microstrip line 4a, a second microstrip line 4b and a third microstrip line 4c located on the first metal layer 2 and a microstrip line part located on the second metal layer 3.

[0061] A partial enlarged view of the first feeding portion located on the first metal layer in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ,Depend on Figure 2 As can be seen, the first microstrip line 4a, the second microstrip line 4b, and the third microstrip line 4c form a tapered microstrip line. It is understood that the first feed section 4 and the second feed section 8 have the same structure. The input impedance is matched to 50 ohms at the input end, and the output impedance is matched to 50 ohms at the output end, facilitating equal power input to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide.

[0062] Optionally, the width of the first microstrip line 4a may be 1.82 mm, and the length may be 5 mm; the width of the second microstrip line 4b may be 1.0 mm, and the length may be 3.7 mm; the width of the third microstrip line 4c may be 1.82 mm, and the length may be 5 mm.

[0063] Transition

[0064] The upper and lower metal layer regions on one side of the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 are set as the first transition portion 5 , and the upper and lower metal layer regions on the other side are set as the second transition portion 7 .

[0065] Specifically, the first transition portion 5 and the second transition portion 7 each include:

[0066] A first trapezoidal microstrip line, a second trapezoidal microstrip line, a first array structure, and a second array structure are located in the first metal layer 2; wherein the first trapezoidal microstrip line is located on one side of the metal through-hole array 9 and is connected to the feeding part on the corresponding side; the second trapezoidal microstrip line is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array 9 and is connected to the feeding part on the corresponding side; the first array structure is located on one side of the metal through-hole array 9 and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6; the second array structure is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array 9 and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6; the first array structure and the second array structure are provided with a plurality of first rectangular grooves along the signal transmission direction at the edge of the first metal layer 2, the length direction of the first rectangular grooves being perpendicular to the signal transmission direction, the widths of the plurality of first rectangular grooves being equal, and the lengths gradually increasing in the direction pointing to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6, and the first array structure and the second array structure are axially symmetrical along the midline of the signal transmission direction;

[0067] A rectangular microstrip line, a third array structure, and a fourth array structure are located in the second metal layer 3; wherein the rectangular microstrip line is connected to the feeding part on the corresponding side; the third array structure is located on one side of the metal through-hole array 9 and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6; the fourth array structure is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array 9 and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6; the third array structure and the fourth array structure are both provided with a plurality of first rectangular grooves along the signal transmission direction at the edge of the second metal layer 3; the third array structure and the fourth array structure are axially symmetrical along the midline of the signal transmission direction.

[0068] Specifically, the widths of the first trapezoidal microstrip line and the second trapezoidal microstrip line both gradually increase in a direction pointing toward the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 .

[0069] A partial enlarged view of the first transition section of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna located on the first metal layer. Figure 3 , combined with Figure 1 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the first trapezoidal microstrip line, the second trapezoidal microstrip line and the rectangular microstrip line constitute the transition portion 5a from the microstrip line to the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, and the first array structure, the second array structure, the third array structure and the fourth array structure together constitute the transition portion 5b from the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide; it can be understood that the first transition portion has the same structure as the second transition portion.

[0070] One side of the first trapezoidal microstrip line, the second trapezoidal microstrip line and the rectangular microstrip line are connected to the feeding part on the corresponding side, and the other side is connected to the transition part from the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide formed by the first array structure, the second array structure, the third array structure and the fourth array structure.

[0071] The array structure, which includes several first rectangular grooves, achieves a slow-wave effect. Specifically, the slow-wave effect refers to the phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves propagating through a medium travel slower than those propagating in a vacuum. In dual-beam wide-angle scanning antennas, this slow-wave effect can be used to control the beam direction and scanning range.

[0072] By adopting a trapezoidal microstrip line whose width gradually increases in the direction pointing to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6, wave number matching and impedance matching are achieved between the two waveguides, thereby maximizing power transmission; an array structure provided with a plurality of first rectangular grooves is adopted as the transition part from the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, thereby achieving wave number matching and impedance matching between the two waveguides, thereby maximizing power transmission.

[0073] Specifically, by designing structures with a slow-wave effect on a dielectric substrate, such as microstrip lines and transmission lines, the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the medium can be slowed, thereby increasing the phase delay of the electromagnetic waves on the substrate surface. This phase delay can be used to control the direction and scanning range of the beam, achieving wide-angle scanning capabilities. Controlling the slow-wave effect can be achieved through the following methods:

[0074] Dielectric material selection: By selecting materials with specific dielectric constants and magnetic permeabilities, the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the medium can be adjusted, thereby achieving a slow-wave effect.

[0075] Substrate structure design: By designing a substrate structure with a slow-wave effect, such as a microstrip line or transmission line, the phase delay of the electromagnetic wave on the substrate surface can be controlled, thereby regulating the direction and scanning range of the beam.

[0076] Charge distribution control: By adjusting the charge distribution on the surface of the dielectric substrate, the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves on the substrate surface can be changed, thereby achieving a slow wave effect.

[0077] In summary, the slow-wave effect can be used to control the beam direction and scanning range of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna. By selecting suitable dielectric materials, designing the substrate structure, and regulating the charge distribution, the slow-wave effect can be controlled, thereby improving the performance and function of the antenna.

[0078] Optionally, the signals of the first trapezoidal microstrip line and the second trapezoidal microstrip line are symmetrical along the transmission direction, and the width of the side close to the feeding part can be 1.82 mm, the width of the side away from the feeding part can be 2.2 mm, and the length can be 5.0 mm.

[0079] Optionally, the first array structure, the second array structure, the third array structure and the fourth array structure can all be realized by etching 10 first rectangular grooves with a width of 0.5 mm and a length gradually changing from 0.32 mm to 3.2 mm on the edge of the corresponding metal layer.

[0080] Slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide

[0081] The middle region of the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 are jointly configured to form a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 .

[0082] Specifically, the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6 may include: a first modulation module located on one side of the metal through-hole array 9 and a second modulation module located on the other side of the metal through-hole array 9; the first modulation module and the second modulation module are provided with a plurality of periodically arranged array groove structures at the edges of the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 along the signal transmission direction, and the length direction of the groove in each array groove structure is perpendicular to the signal transmission direction; the part of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer 2 and the part located in the second metal layer 3 have a preset first relative displacement to achieve sinusoidal modulation; the part of the second modulation module located in the first metal layer 2 and the part located in the second metal layer 3 have a preset second relative displacement to achieve sinusoidal modulation.

[0083] In each array groove structure, the widths of all grooves are equal, and the lengths vary from shallow to deep and then to shallow again.

[0084] The first modulation module

[0085] For each array groove structure located in the first metal layer 2 in the first modulation module, the array groove structure and the surrounding metal layer constitute a first area, and the first area and the second area corresponding to the first area in the second metal layer 3 together constitute a first modulation unit 6a.

[0086] The first modulation module uses the preset first relative displacement to implement sinusoidal modulation, which may include:

[0087] There is a preset first relative displacement between the array groove structure of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer 2 and the array groove structure located in the second metal layer 3, so that the part of each first modulation unit 6a located in the first metal layer 2 and the part located in the second metal layer 3 form a sine curve, thereby realizing sinusoidal modulation.

[0088] See the partial enlarged view of the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide located on the first metal layer in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 , combined with Figure 1 and Figure 4 It can be seen that there is a preset first relative displacement between the array groove structure of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer 2 and the array groove structure located in the second metal layer 3, so that the part of each first modulation unit 6a located in the first metal layer 2 and the part located in the second metal layer 3 form a sine curve, thereby realizing sinusoidal modulation.

[0089] The second modulation module

[0090] For each array groove structure located in the first metal layer 2 in the second modulation module, the array groove structure and the metal layer around it constitute a third area, and the third area and the fourth area in the second metal layer 3 corresponding to the third area together constitute the second modulation unit 6b. Figure 1 and Figure 4 It can be seen that

[0091] The second modulation module utilizes the preset second relative displacement to implement sinusoidal modulation, which may include:

[0092] There is a preset second relative displacement between the array groove structure of the second modulation module located in the first metal layer 2 and the array groove structure located in the second metal layer 3, so that the part of each second modulation unit 6b located in the first metal layer 2 and the part located in the second metal layer 3 form a sine curve, thereby realizing sinusoidal modulation.

[0093] Optionally, the first modulation module can be composed of 20 first modulation units 6a, the second modulation module can be composed of 24 first modulation units 6b, and the preset first relative displacement can be 4mm, and the preset second relative displacement can be 3mm; wherein, the array groove structure of the first modulation unit 6a located in the first metal layer 2 can include 12 grooves, and the lengths of the grooves are 3.2mm, 3.15mm, 2.94mm, 2.53mm, 1.74mm, 0.62mm, 0.62mm, 1.74mm, 2.53mm, 2.94mm, 3.15mm, and 3.2mm, respectively, and the relative displacement of the upper and lower metal layers is 4mm; the array groove structure of the second modulation unit 6b located in the first metal layer 2 can include 10 grooves, and the lengths of the grooves are 3.2mm, 3.12mm, 2.79mm, 2.04mm, 0.73mm, 0.73mm, 2.04mm, 2.79mm, 3.12mm, and 3.2mm, respectively, and the relative displacement of the upper and lower metal layers is 3mm.

[0094] The radiating portion of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna proposed in an embodiment of the present invention is composed of a first modulation module and a second modulation module in a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide. Its operating principle is as follows: sinusoidal modulation introduces periodic perturbations that generate leakage waves. At the same time, the periods of the first and second modulation modules are different, thereby generating two beams. In this embodiment of the present invention, the first and second modulation modules are used to form a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, thereby increasing the scanning rate of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna and enabling scanning of wider angles within a narrower frequency band. By setting corresponding preset relative displacements for the first and second modulation modules, an asymmetric structure is formed to suppress the open stop band, thereby achieving continuous beam scanning from the backward to the forward direction.

[0095] Optionally, the first relative displacement preset by the first modulation module can be selected as one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the frequency point located in the side-radiating direction; the second relative displacement preset by the second modulation module can be selected as one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the frequency point located in the side-radiating direction; so as to form an asymmetric structure to suppress the open stop band.

[0096] Specifically, the number of array groove structures in the first modulation module is different from the number of array groove structures in the second modulation module.

[0097] By utilizing the different numbers of array groove structures of the first modulation module and the second modulation module, the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide can perform surface impedance sinusoidal modulation of different periods, thereby realizing dual-beam radiation.

[0098] Metal Through-Hole Array

[0099] The first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 are provided with a metal through-hole array 9 penetrating vertically along the midline of the signal transmission direction in a preset area.

[0100] Specifically, the metal through holes in the metal through hole array 9 are of equal size and equal spacing; the preset area may include: the area of ​​the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide 6, a partial area of ​​the first transition part 5 and a partial area of ​​the second transition part 7.

[0101] The metal through-hole array plays an important role in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna. It mainly realizes the following functions:

[0102] Electromagnetic wave transmission and radiation: Metal via arrays, as the antenna's radiating structure, enable electromagnetic wave transmission and radiation. By adjusting the shape, size, and spacing of the vias, the antenna's radiation direction and beam width can be controlled, enabling wide-angle scanning.

[0103] Impedance Matching and Signal Control: Metal via arrays can be used to achieve impedance matching and signal control between antennas and feeder circuits. By adjusting the shape and spacing of the vias, the antenna's output impedance can be matched to the feeder's input impedance, improving antenna efficiency and signal quality. Furthermore, via arrays can be used to manipulate the signal's phase and amplitude, enabling beam steering and directional control.

[0104] Electromagnetic coupling and separation: Metal via arrays can be used to achieve electromagnetic coupling and signal separation between antenna elements. By designing appropriate via structures, signals from different beams can be coupled and separated, thus realizing the functionality of a dual-beam antenna.

[0105] Scattering and Anti-interference: Metal through-hole arrays can be used to reduce antenna scattering and anti-interference capabilities. By properly designing the shape and spacing of the through-holes, antenna scattering and interference can be reduced, improving antenna performance and reliability.

[0106] In summary, the metal through-hole array plays an important role in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna. It not only realizes the transmission and radiation of electromagnetic waves, but also realizes impedance matching, signal regulation, electromagnetic coupling, impedance matching, signal regulation, electromagnetic coupling and anti-interference functions by adjusting the shape, size and spacing of the through-holes, thereby improving the performance and function of the antenna.

[0107] Optionally, the diameter of the metal through holes in the metal through hole array 9 may be 0.5 mm, and the spacing between each metal through hole may be 1 mm.

[0108] In the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna is composed of a single-layer dielectric substrate, which has a simple structure, a low cross-section, and is easy to integrate and apply; a first modulation module and a second modulation module are used to form a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, thereby improving the scanning rate of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna and enabling scanning of a wider angle within a narrower frequency band; by setting corresponding preset relative displacements for the first modulation module and the second modulation module, an asymmetric structure is formed to suppress the open-stop band, thereby achieving continuous beam scanning from the backward to the forward space; compared with existing technologies, the performance of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna is greatly improved.

[0109] The following is obtained by combining simulation Figures 5-10 , the performance of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0110] For dispersion curves of half-mode substrate integrated waveguides, artificial surface plasmons, and slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguides, see Figure 5 , Figure 5 The upper right corner shows the curve corresponding to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide. It can be seen that the dispersion curve of the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide is flatter than that of the other two waveguides, indicating that it can achieve a wider beam scanning range within the same frequency variation range.

[0111] Figure 6a-6b The dispersion curves corresponding to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide after the introduction of the first and second modulation modules are presented. It can be seen that when the array groove length in the second modulation module remains unchanged, the cutoff frequency of mode 1 decreases with increasing the array groove length in the first modulation module, but the dispersion curve of mode 2 remains unchanged and does not change with changes in the array groove length in the first modulation module. Conversely, when the array groove length in the first modulation module remains unchanged, the dispersion curve of mode 1 remains unchanged and does not change with changes in the array groove length in the second modulation module, but the cutoff frequency of the dispersion curve of mode 2 decreases with increasing the array groove length in the second modulation module. When the array groove length in the first modulation module is the same as the array groove length in the first modulation module, the dispersion curves of the two modes are nearly identical, and the high-frequency cutoff frequency is the same. Therefore, the simulation results confirm that the array groove lengths in the two modulation modules can independently control the dispersion curves of the two modes, and therefore, sinusoidal modulation of the array grooves in the two modulation modules can generate dual-beam radiation.

[0112] For the -1st harmonic dispersion curve with or without relative displacement of the modulation unit in the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 7a-7d , we can see that the dotted line in the figure represents the air line. When the phase shift constant curve is in the area enclosed by the air line and the horizontal axis (i.e. the fast wave area), it means that the -1 harmonic can be radiated. Figure 7aand Figure 7b It can be seen that when the first relative displacement preset by the first modulation module is 0, the phase shift constant has an obvious stop band between 10.5-11.0 GHz, and the attenuation constant increases, indicating that in this stop band, the leakage wave radiation deteriorates, the radiation efficiency decreases, most of the energy is reflected, and only a small amount of energy is radiated. When the first relative displacement preset by the first modulation module is 4 mm (approximately the waveguide wavelength at 10.5 GHz), the -1 harmonic phase shift constant curve becomes continuous and uninterrupted, and radiates backward within 9.0 GHz-10.5 GHz and forward within 10.5 GHz-13.0 GHz. The original stop band disappears and the attenuation constant becomes smaller, indicating that radiation can also be performed in the side direction, and the beam 1 generated by the harmonic can be scanned continuously from the backward to the forward space. Similarly, from Figure 7c and Figure 7d It can be observed that when the second modulation module has a preset second relative shift of 0, the phase shift constant also has a clear stopband starting at 11.0 GHz and ending at 11.8 GHz, and the attenuation constant increases sharply within this stopband, indicating that most energy is reflected within this stopband, resulting in poor radiation efficiency and little energy being radiated. However, when the second modulation module has a preset second relative shift of 3 mm (approximately the waveguide wavelength at 11.4 GHz), the harmonic enters the fast wave region starting at 9.5 GHz and continuously scans backward in space up to 11.0 GHz. From 11.0 GHz onward, it continuously scans forward in space from 13.0 GHz. The attenuation constant is relatively small throughout the entire frequency band, indicating that the stopband is successfully suppressed. Beam 2 generated by this harmonic can also continuously scan from backward to forward. Furthermore, it can be seen that the -1 harmonic generated by both the first and second modulation modules can be radiated within the 9.5-13.0 GHz frequency band. Therefore, the antenna can generate two beams within this frequency band, which is the basis for achieving dual-beam operation.

[0113] For scattering parameter diagrams of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna simulation and testing provided by the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 8 As can be seen, the simulation and experimental results are in good agreement. The reflection coefficient is less than -10dB in the 9.5-11.7GHz frequency band, demonstrating that most of the energy is fed into the port within the operating frequency range. Simultaneously, the transmission coefficient is less than -10dB, indicating that most of the energy is radiated during transmission.

[0114] The measured far-field radiation pattern of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be found in Figure 9a-9d ,in, Figure 9a Indicates the measured far-field radiation direction in the 9.5GHz frequency band, Figure 9bIndicates the measured far-field radiation direction in the 10.4GHz frequency band, Figure 9c Indicates the measured far-field radiation direction in the 11.4GHz frequency band, Figure 9d The figure shows the measured far-field radiation direction in the 11.7 GHz frequency band. The antenna successfully achieves dual-beam radiation, and the dual-beam angles vary with frequency. The simulation closely matches the measured results, showing that beam one (the left beam) sweeps from -90° to 19°, achieving a 109° sweep range. Beam two (the right beam) sweeps from -35° to 39°, achieving a 74° sweep range. The total sweep angle of the two beams reaches 181°.

[0115] For the gain and efficiency diagram of each frequency point of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the simulated average gain of the dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna within the operating frequency band is 9.24 dBi, with a maximum gain of 10.1 dBi. The measured average gain is 8.48 dBi, with a maximum gain of 9.5 dBi. The simulated and measured results are consistent. The antenna's average radiation efficiency is 64%, with a maximum of 77%. Both the antenna gain and radiation efficiency are relatively stable.

[0116] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0117] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, characterized in that: include: A dielectric substrate (1), wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1) are respectively provided with a first metal layer (2) and a second metal layer (3); the middle area of ​​the first metal layer (2) and the second metal layer (3) are jointly set as a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6); the upper and lower metal layer areas on one side of the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6) are set as a first transition part (5), and the upper and lower metal layer areas on the other side are set as a second transition part (7); the upper and lower metal layer areas on the side of the first transition part (5) away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6) are set as a first feeding part (4), and the upper and lower metal layer areas on the side of the second transition part (7) away from the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6) are set as a second feeding part (8); the first metal layer (2) and the second metal layer (3) are provided with a metal through-hole array (9) penetrating up and down along the midline of the signal transmission direction in a preset area; The slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6) comprises: a first modulation module located on one side of the metal through-hole array (9) and a second modulation module located on the other side of the metal through-hole array (9); the first modulation module and the second modulation module are both provided with a plurality of periodically arranged array groove structures at the edges of the first metal layer (2) and the second metal layer (3) along the signal transmission direction, and the groove length direction of each array groove structure is perpendicular to the signal transmission direction; the number of array groove structures in the first modulation module is different from the number of array groove structures in the second modulation module; the part of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer (2) and the part located in the second metal layer (3) have a preset first relative displacement to realize sinusoidal modulation; the part of the second modulation module located in the first metal layer (2) and the part located in the second metal layer (3) have a preset second relative displacement to realize sinusoidal modulation.

2. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal through holes in the metal through hole array (9) are of equal size and equal spacing; the preset area includes: an area of ​​the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6), a partial area of ​​the first transition part (5), and a partial area of ​​the second transition part (7).

3. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transition portion (5) and the second transition portion (7) both comprise: A first trapezoidal microstrip line, a second trapezoidal microstrip line, a first array structure, and a second array structure are located in the first metal layer (2); wherein the first trapezoidal microstrip line is located on one side of the metal through-hole array (9) and is connected to the feed portion on the corresponding side; the second trapezoidal microstrip line is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array (9) and is connected to the feed portion on the corresponding side; the first array structure is located on one side of the metal through-hole array (9) and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6); the second array structure is located on the other side of the metal through-hole array (9) and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6); the first array structure and the second array structure are both provided with a plurality of first rectangular grooves along the signal transmission direction at the edge of the first metal layer (2); the length direction of the first rectangular grooves is perpendicular to the signal transmission direction; the widths of the plurality of first rectangular grooves are equal and the lengths gradually increase along the direction pointing to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6); the first array structure and the second array structure are axially symmetrical along the midline of the signal transmission direction; A rectangular microstrip line, a third array structure, and a fourth array structure are located in the second metal layer (3); wherein the rectangular microstrip line is connected to the feeding part on the corresponding side; the third array structure is located on one side of the metal through hole array (9) and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6); the fourth array structure is located on the other side of the metal through hole array (9) and is connected to the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6); the third array structure and the fourth array structure are both provided with the first rectangular grooves along the signal transmission direction at the edge of the second metal layer (3); and the third array structure and the fourth array structure are axially symmetrical along the midline of the signal transmission direction.

4. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The widths of the first trapezoidal microstrip line and the second trapezoidal microstrip line both gradually increase in a direction pointing toward the slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (6).

5. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each array groove structure, the widths of all grooves are equal, and the lengths vary from shallow to deep and then to shallow again.

6. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 5, characterized in that: For each array groove structure located in the first metal layer (2) in the first modulation module, the array groove structure and the metal layer surrounding it constitute a first area, and the first area and the second area in the second metal layer (3) corresponding to the first area together constitute a first modulation unit (6a).

7. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first modulation module utilizes the preset first relative displacement to implement sinusoidal modulation, including: There is a preset first relative displacement between the array groove structure of the first modulation module located in the first metal layer (2) and the array groove structure located in the second metal layer (3), so that the part of each first modulation unit (6a) located in the first metal layer (2) and the part located in the second metal layer (3) form a sine curve, thereby realizing sinusoidal modulation.

8. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 5, characterized in that: For each array groove structure located in the first metal layer (2) in the second modulation module, the array groove structure and the metal layer surrounding it constitute a third area, and the third area and the fourth area corresponding to the third area in the second metal layer (3) together constitute a second modulation unit (6b).

9. The dual-beam wide-angle scanning antenna based on a slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second modulation module utilizes the preset second relative displacement to implement sinusoidal modulation, including: There is a preset second relative displacement between the array groove structure of the second modulation module located in the first metal layer (2) and the array groove structure located in the second metal layer (3), so that the part of each second modulation unit (6b) located in the first metal layer (2) and the part located in the second metal layer (3) form a sine curve, thereby realizing sinusoidal modulation.

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