A satellite system and method for collaboratively detecting and imaging low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit
By designing a satellite system containing three solar synchronous orbit reconnaissance satellites, using working modes such as sweeping flight imaging, orbiting flight imaging and joint detection and positioning, the problem of difficulty in realizing timely and efficient observation and imaging of low-orbit targets in the existing technology is solved, and high frequency, high-precision observation and imaging capabilities of LEO space are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410573761.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-05-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing satellite systems are difficult to observe and image low-orbit targets in a timely and efficient manner, especially when LEO space events occur frequently, they cannot meet the high-resolution imaging needs of important space assets.
Design a satellite system that coordinates the detection and imaging of low-orbit targets from low-orbit orbits, including three reconnaissance satellites with solar synchronous orbits, equipped with camera loads with optical imaging and detection capabilities, and adopts working modes such as swept flight imaging, orbiting imaging and joint detection and positioning to achieve rapid proximity imaging and coordinated observation and positioning of low-orbit targets.
High-frequency sweep imaging of solar synchronous orbit satellites within the orbital altitude range of 500 to 1100km can be achieved, and the orbital imaging configuration can be quickly formed, real-time multi-angle observation of any low-orbit target, providing high-precision position and velocity measurement information, and enhancing the observation methods and intelligence provision capabilities of LEO space.
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Figure CN118604840B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of satellite monitoring of space targets, and in particular relates to a satellite system and method for collaboratively detecting and imaging low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, LEO (low-orbit satellite) space events have occurred frequently. With the frequent launch of Starlink satellites, there are now more than 2,700 Starlink satellites in orbit. These events have greatly increased the threat to LEO space and put forward requirements for all-day and all-sky observation methods in LEO space. In addition, due to the intensification of LEO space threats, some important space assets have been lost, which also requires improving the high-resolution imaging capabilities of important targets in LEO space to protect important space assets, enhance intelligence provision capabilities, and assess space situation.
[0003] Among the current satellite systems, there is a lack of space-based LEO target approach imaging satellite systems, making it impossible to provide timely observation feedback on space events. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a satellite system and method for collaborative detection and imaging of low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit, which can quickly approach imaging and collaborative observation and positioning of low-orbit targets, especially sun-synchronous orbit satellite targets.
[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a satellite system for collaborative detection and imaging of low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit, the satellite system comprising three sun-synchronous orbit reconnaissance satellites, the orbital altitudes of the three sun-synchronous orbit reconnaissance satellites being 600km, 800km and 1000km respectively; and the three sun-synchronous orbit reconnaissance satellites carrying camera payloads with optical imaging and detection capabilities.
[0006] Furthermore, the imaging distance of the camera payload with optical imaging capability is greater than 100 km, and the detection distance of the camera payload with detection capability is greater than 5000 km.
[0007] The present invention also provides a method for collaboratively detecting and imaging low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit according to the satellite system for collaboratively detecting and imaging low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit, wherein the three reconnaissance satellites in sun-synchronous orbits have three working modes:
[0008] (1) Working mode 1 is the flyby imaging mode;
[0009] The flyby imaging mode uses the natural intersection of the reconnaissance satellite and the target satellite to perform imaging;
[0010] (2) Working mode 2 is fly-by imaging mode;
[0011] The flyby imaging mode designs the orbit of the reconnaissance satellite to be an elliptical orbit that is coplanar with the target satellite and has the same semi-major axis. Since the semi-major axes are the same, the period of the reconnaissance satellite's flyby of the target satellite is the same as the period of the target satellite's rotation around the earth. In one period, the reconnaissance satellite makes a circle of observations at different angles relative to the target satellite in a geo-directional attitude.
[0012] (3) Working mode three is the joint detection and positioning mode;
[0013] The joint detection and positioning mode refers to multiple reconnaissance satellites conducting long-term detection at multiple angles on the same target satellite, positioning and orbiting the target satellite based on the obtained angle information, and providing information support for subsequent planning of flyby and orbit imaging.
[0014] Furthermore, the imaging modes in the flyby imaging mode include same-plane flyby and different-plane flyby.
[0015] Furthermore, the workflow of collaborative detection and imaging of target satellites based on the three working modes is as follows:
[0016] (1) For target satellites in sun-synchronous orbit, each reconnaissance satellite detects the target satellite using the joint detection and positioning mode of working mode three according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc;
[0017] Based on the positioning and orbit determination information of the target satellite, the closest reconnaissance satellite is selected according to the phase and distance to adopt the working mode - flyby imaging mode for flyby observation planning. During the rendezvous period when the observation distance meets the imaging requirements, the target satellite is pointed and tracked for imaging by the camera;
[0018] Alternatively, based on the satellite target positioning and orbit determination information, the fly-by imaging mode of working mode 2 is adopted to select the closest reconnaissance satellite according to the phase and distance to adjust the phase and orbit, build a same-plane fly-by configuration, and perform camera pointing tracking imaging on the target;
[0019] (2) For other low-orbit target satellites, each reconnaissance satellite uses the working mode three joint detection and positioning mode to detect the target satellite according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc. Based on the target positioning and orbit determination information, the reconnaissance satellite with the closest rendezvous time is selected according to the phase and distance to use the working mode one flyby imaging mode to carry out flyby observation planning. During the rendezvous period when the observation distance meets the imaging requirements, the target satellite is pointed and tracked by the camera for imaging.
[0020] The advantages and innovations of this satellite system and observation method are:
[0021] (1) It can perform high-frequency flyby imaging of sun-synchronous orbit satellites in the orbital altitude range of 500 to 1100 km, with a short minimum imaging distance (less than or equal to 100 km) and good imaging effect. At the same time, it can perform multi-angle natural rendezvous flyby imaging of satellites in the orbital altitude range of 600 to 900 km.
[0022] (2) It can quickly form a flyby imaging configuration for sun-synchronous orbit satellites in the orbital altitude range of 500 to 1100 km and perform flyby imaging of the target.
[0023] (3) It can conduct real-time multi-angle observation of any low-orbit target and provide high-precision position and velocity measurement information of the target. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of constellation design and observation mode;
[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of flying around the same plane;
[0026] Figure 3 is the distance change of sat1~3 to the same-plane target tar1 within one month;
[0027] Figure 4 is the distance change of sat1~3 to the off-plane target tar2 within 10 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] According to statistics, most of the existing low-orbit satellites are located in the orbital altitude range of 500-1200km. Among them, most high-value satellites such as reconnaissance satellites and scientific exploration satellites are located in sun-synchronous orbits.
[0029] Therefore, the satellite system for collaborative detection and imaging of low-orbit targets from low-orbit orbits includes three reconnaissance satellites in sun-synchronous orbits, with orbital altitudes of 600km, 800km, and 1000km (the orbital altitude and interval can also be changed according to range requirements and payload capacity, and the number of satellites can be increased to increase the observation range). The satellites carry camera payloads with optical imaging and detection capabilities. The schematic diagram is attached. Figure 1 , sat1~3 in the figure are three reconnaissance satellites.
[0030] The satellite works in the following modes:
[0031] (1) Working mode 1: Flyby imaging mode
[0032] The flyby imaging mode uses the natural intersection of the reconnaissance satellite and the target satellite to perform imaging. This imaging mode has many situations, such as same-plane flyby and different-plane flyby.
[0033] The same-plane flyby scene is as follows Figure 1 The observation of Tar1 by the detection satellite Sat3 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 Observation of tar2 by the detection satellite sat1.
[0034] (2) Working mode 2: Fly-by imaging mode
[0035] The flyby imaging mode means that while the target satellite is rotating around the earth, the reconnaissance satellite also orbits the target satellite. This is achieved by designing the orbit of the reconnaissance satellite to be an elliptical orbit with the same plane and semi-major axis as the target satellite. Since the semi-major axis is the same, the period of the reconnaissance satellite flying around the target satellite is the same as the period of the target satellite rotating around the earth. In one period, the reconnaissance satellite observes the target satellite (orientation to the earth) at different angles. The schematic diagram is attached. Figure 2 .
[0036] (3) Working mode 3: Joint detection and positioning mode
[0037] The joint detection and positioning mode refers to multiple reconnaissance satellites conducting long-term multi-angle detection of the same target satellite, positioning and orbiting the target based on the obtained angle information, and providing information support for subsequent planning of flyby and fly-around imaging. Figure 1 The observation of tar1 by the detection satellite sat3 in the joint detection and positioning scenario is as shown in the attached Figure 1 The detection satellites sat1 and sat2 detect tar2.
[0038] The workflow of collaborative detection and imaging of target satellites based on three working modes is as follows:
[0039] (1) For target satellites in sun-synchronous orbit, each reconnaissance satellite detects the target satellite using the joint detection and positioning mode of working mode three according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc;
[0040] Based on the positioning and orbit determination information of the target satellite, the closest reconnaissance satellite is selected according to the phase and distance to adopt the working mode - flyby imaging mode for flyby observation planning. During the rendezvous period when the observation distance meets the imaging requirements, the target satellite is pointed and tracked for imaging by the camera;
[0041] Alternatively, based on the satellite target positioning and orbit determination information, the fly-by imaging mode of working mode 2 is adopted to select the closest reconnaissance satellite according to the phase and distance to adjust the phase and orbit, build a same-plane fly-by configuration, and perform camera pointing tracking imaging on the target;
[0042] (2) For other low-orbit target satellites, each reconnaissance satellite uses the working mode three joint detection and positioning mode to detect the target satellite according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc. Based on the target positioning and orbit determination information, the reconnaissance satellite with the closest rendezvous time is selected according to the phase and distance to use the working mode one flyby imaging mode to carry out flyby observation planning. During the rendezvous period when the observation distance meets the imaging requirements, the target satellite is pointed and tracked by the camera for imaging.
[0043] The orbital altitudes of the three sun-synchronous orbit reconnaissance satellites can also change the orbital altitudes and the orbital altitude differences between satellites according to the reconnaissance range requirements and payload capacity, and the number of satellites can be increased to improve the reconnaissance range.
[0044] The imaging distance of the camera payload with optical imaging capability is greater than 100 km, and the detection distance of the camera payload with detection capability is greater than 5000 km.
[0045] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:
[0046] The reconnaissance satellite constellation consists of three sun-synchronous orbit satellites, as shown in the following figure. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the orbital altitudes of the three reconnaissance satellites sat1 to sat3 are 1000km, 800km, and 600km. The satellites carry camera payloads with optical imaging and detection capabilities. The detection distance is 10,000km and the imaging distance is 200km.
[0047] When a space event occurs and a sun-synchronous orbit target satellite needs to be observed, each satellite detects the target satellite according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc. Based on the target positioning and orbit determination information, the closest reconnaissance satellite is selected according to the phase and distance for flyby observation planning, and the camera points to the target for tracking imaging during the rendezvous period (observation distance < 200km). Alternatively, based on the target positioning and orbit determination information, the closest reconnaissance satellite is selected according to the phase and distance for phase and orbit adjustment, and a coplanar flyby configuration is constructed to perform camera pointing tracking imaging on the target.
[0048] Attached Figure 3 Provided with Figure 1 The distance distribution diagram of sat1-3 to sun-synchronous orbit target tar1 (orbit altitude 890km) within one month shows that the closest encounter distance is about 50km (4 times), and 39 encounters are less than 200km. There are 43 encounters with a distance less than 300km. Among them, in the four most recent encounters, the encounter process within the range of 50-100km lasted 37min, providing sufficient optical imaging opportunities. At the same time, there are also sufficient opportunities for the same-plane flyby mission.
[0049] When a space event occurs and other low-orbit target satellites need to be observed, each satellite detects the target satellite according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc. Based on the target positioning and orbit determination information, the reconnaissance satellite with the closest rendezvous time is selected according to the phase and distance for flyby observation planning, and the camera points to the target for tracking imaging during the rendezvous period (observation distance < 200km).
[0050] Attached Figure 4 The distance changes of sat1-3 to the off-plane target tar2 within 10 days are given. The minimum imaging distances of the three satellites to tar2 are 451.3km, 246.6km and 73.06km respectively, which provide opportunities for close imaging.
[0051] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A satellite system for collaborative detection and imaging of low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit, characterized in that: The satellite system includes three reconnaissance satellites in sun-synchronous orbits, the orbital altitudes of the three reconnaissance satellites in sun-synchronous orbits are 600km, 800km and 1000km respectively; and the three reconnaissance satellites in sun-synchronous orbits are equipped with camera payloads with optical imaging and detection capabilities; The three sun-synchronous orbit reconnaissance satellites have three working modes: (1) Working mode 1 is the flyby imaging mode; The flyby imaging mode uses the natural intersection of the reconnaissance satellite and the target satellite to perform imaging; (2) Working mode 2 is fly-by imaging mode; The flyby imaging mode designs the orbit of the reconnaissance satellite to be an elliptical orbit that is coplanar with the target satellite and has the same semi-major axis. Since the semi-major axes are the same, the period of the reconnaissance satellite's flyby of the target satellite is the same as the period of the target satellite's rotation around the earth. In one period, the reconnaissance satellite makes a circle of observations at different angles relative to the target satellite in a geo-directional attitude. (3) Working mode three is the joint detection and positioning mode; The joint detection and positioning mode refers to multiple reconnaissance satellites conducting long-term detection at multiple angles on the same target satellite, positioning and orbiting the target satellite based on the obtained angle information, and providing information support for subsequent planning of flyby and fly-around imaging; The workflow of collaborative detection and imaging of target satellites based on three working modes is as follows: (1) For target satellites in sun-synchronous orbit, each reconnaissance satellite detects the target satellite using the joint detection and positioning mode of working mode three according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc; Based on the positioning and orbit determination information of the target satellite, the closest reconnaissance satellite is selected according to the phase and distance to adopt the working mode - flyby imaging mode for flyby observation planning. During the rendezvous period when the observation distance meets the imaging requirements, the target satellite is pointed and tracked for imaging by the camera; Alternatively, based on the satellite target positioning and orbit determination information, the fly-by imaging mode of working mode 2 is adopted to select the closest reconnaissance satellite according to the phase and distance to adjust the phase and orbit, build a same-plane fly-by configuration, and perform camera pointing tracking imaging on the target; (2) For other low-orbit target satellites, each reconnaissance satellite uses the three-mode joint detection and positioning mode to detect the target satellite according to the observation conditions, and locates and orbits the target satellite according to the multi-angle detection arc; Based on the target positioning and orbit determination information, the reconnaissance satellite with the closest rendezvous time is selected according to the phase and distance, and the flyby observation planning is carried out in the working mode - flyby imaging mode. During the rendezvous period when the observation distance meets the imaging requirements, the target satellite is pointed and tracked for imaging by the camera.
2. A satellite system for collaborative detection and imaging of low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The imaging distance of the camera payload with optical imaging capability is greater than 100 km, and the detection distance of the camera payload with detection capability is greater than 5000 km.
3. A satellite system for collaborative detection and imaging of low-orbit targets from a low-orbit orbit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The imaging modes in the flyby imaging mode include same-plane flyby and different-plane flyby.