A high-yield grain and grass planting method for herbivorous animal feed

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of forage crop cultivation, specifically relating to a high-yield forage crop cultivation method for herbivorous animal feed. This invention utilizes both inner and outer seed-encapsulated liquids to provide forage seeds with a sufficient nutritional environment, reducing abiotic stress during growth. Trichoderma and other microorganisms in the inner seed-encapsulated liquid reproduce and absorb nutrients from the outer seed-encapsulated liquid and the external soil environment, then supply their metabolites to the forage seeds. The improved water and fertilizer system of this invention enhances soil conditions. The compound preparation of this invention inhibits the key enzyme in lignin synthesis, 4-coumaric acid-coenzyme A ligase. Applying the compound preparation after harvesting allows for precise dosage control, preventing lodging and reducing lignin synthesis. Forage obtained using this method has lower lignin content, better palatability for animals, higher yield, and better quality, thus reducing input costs in the livestock industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forage cultivation, specifically relating to a high-yield forage cultivation method for herbivorous animal feed. Background Technology

[0002] Forage, also known as hay, is an important input for the livestock industry. It mainly consists of legumes and grasses. High-quality forage leads to high-quality meat, but due to factors such as climate, planting site, and seed quality, high-quality forage is relatively scarce and cannot meet the requirements of the livestock industry. Currently, obtaining high-quality forage mainly involves two aspects: improving planting methods and improving forage varieties. Improving forage varieties, such as conventional breeding and genetic modification to obtain new varieties, requires a long research and development period and specialized personnel. Improving planting methods, such as selecting suitable planting areas, rational planting density, and precision fertilization, is more easily implemented to increase yields in practice.

[0003] Forage can be fed directly or processed through fermentation or other methods to prepare herbivore feed with a longer shelf life. The preparation of herbivore feed also depends on the quality of fresh forage. Forage with low nutritional content not only takes up storage space but also increases input costs due to its difficulty in being digested by animals. Therefore, developing high-quality forage that can be eaten fresh or further processed will help the development of the livestock industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above problems, this invention provides a high-yield forage planting method for herbivorous animal feed. This invention provides forage seeds with a sufficient nutritional environment by using seed-encapsulated inner liquid and seed-encapsulated outer liquid, reducing adverse stress during the growth process. Combined with the inhibition of key enzymes in lignin synthesis by compound preparations, it obtains forage with low lignin content, high nutritional value, and good palatability for animals. Compared with traditional planting methods, the planting method of this invention has significant effects and is easy to operate.

[0005] A method for cultivating high-yield forage for herbivores includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Select qualified grain and forage seeds, cover the outer layer of the grain and forage seeds with the seed coating liquid using film coating technology, and after fully air-drying, coat the seeds with the seed coating liquid to obtain pre-treated grain and forage seeds. Sow the pre-treated grain and forage seeds in the soil after water and fertilizer improvement and land preparation.

[0007] S2. Perform normal field management. Remove weeds in the field promptly after each harvest, and then spray with compound preparation. Topdressing can be done normally three days after spraying the compound preparation. Do not spray the compound preparation after the last harvest.

[0008] Preferably, the forage seeds mentioned in step S1 are leguminous plants, preferably alfalfa. Each harvest of alfalfa should be carried out at the end of the budding stage or the beginning of the flowering stage, when the average flowering rate per 100 plants is <5%, and the average flowering rate per 100 plants is <10% at the end of the harvest.

[0009] Ideally, normal field management should be carried out during the planting process, including irrigation, fertilization, and pest control.

[0010] Ideally, the spraying rate of the compound formulation is 100-150g / 10,000 plants.

[0011] The seed-encapsulated liquid contains the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts Trichoderma suspension, 2-3 parts Beauveria bassiana suspension, 1-2 parts Bacillus suspension, 2-4 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 3-6 parts soy protein isolate.

[0012] The method for preparing the seed-encapsulated internal liquid is as follows:

[0013] L1. Culture Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus separately until a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶ is obtained. 6 -1×10 8 CFU / mL Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension;

[0014] L2. Dissolve chitosan oligosaccharide in a 1% (w / w) acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution. Add the Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension obtained in step L1 to the chitosan oligosaccharide solution to obtain mixture 1.

[0015] L3. Add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and soy protein isolate to the mixture 1 obtained in step L2, stir continuously until completely dispersed and uniform, package and store at 4°C to obtain the seed-encapsulated liquid.

[0016] Preferably, in step L1, Trichoderma is strain number ACCC 33109 preserved by the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center, Beauveria bassiana is strain number ACCC 32002 preserved by the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center, and Bacillus is strain number ACCC 60364 preserved by the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center;

[0017] Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan oligosaccharide solution in step L2 is 3-5%.

[0018] The seed coating liquid contains the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.6-1.0 parts magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1-1.5 parts dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts modified activated carbon, and 1-4 parts sodium alginate solution.

[0019] The method for preparing the seed-encapsulated liquid is as follows:

[0020] V1. Dry and crush rice straw, mix it with bran, soak it in phosphoric acid solution, sonicate it for 0.5-1 hour, heat it in a tube furnace until it is completely carbonized, sieve it after the process to obtain powder, mix the powder with ferric chloride, copper chloride and zinc chloride, add water, and continue to shake it. After the process, wash it with water and vacuum filter it. Dry the precipitate in an oven to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0021] V2. Mix ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the modified activated carbon obtained in step V1, stir until evenly dispersed, add sodium alginate solution, and continue stirring until the system is uniform to obtain the seed-encapsulating liquid.

[0022] Preferably, in step V1, the mass-to-volume ratio of straw:bran:phosphoric acid solution is 2-5:1:4-6, the mass percentage concentration of phosphoric acid solution is preferably 50%, the ultrasonic treatment is preferably carried out at a power of 220-260W, the sieving is preferably done through a 10-mesh sieve, the mass-to-volume ratio of powder:ferric chloride:copper chloride:zinc chloride:water is 5-8:1-2:1-2:1-3:200-300, and the vibration treatment is preferably carried out at 200-220 rpm for 24-30 hours.

[0023] Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step V2 is 1-3%.

[0024] The improved water-fertilizer contains the following materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts mixed ground material, 15-20 parts citric acid aqueous solution;

[0025] Preferably, the mixed grinding material is obtained by grinding 1-2 parts by weight of silica and 3-4 parts by weight of polyamino acid calcium. During the grinding process, the silica is added in its entirety, and the polyamino acid calcium is added in 3-5 portions. The mixture is ground at 500-600 rpm for 2-3 hours.

[0026] Preferably, the citric acid aqueous solution has a mass percentage concentration of 0.5-0.8%.

[0027] The method of using the improved water and fertilizer is as follows:

[0028] Apply the mixed grinding material and citric acid solution to the soil in sequence. The citric acid solution should be applied within 4 hours after the mixed grinding material is applied. The application rate of the mixed grinding material is 2-3 kg / mu.

[0029] The compound preparation is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts enzyme inhibitor and 250-300 parts alkyl glycoside solution;

[0030] Preferably, the molecular formula of the enzyme inhibitor is C19 H 23 N7O7S, with a relative molecular mass of 493.50, has the following structure: Figure 1 As shown, the mass percentage concentration of the alkyl glycoside solution is 20-24%.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0032] One reason for the limited use of forage in herbivore feed is its high lignin content, which herbivores cannot fully degrade and utilize. Forage is usually fed fresh or processed after harvest to obtain feed that can be stored for a long time. Based on this, the present invention develops a planting method that can reduce the lignin content of forage while achieving high yields. Specifically, the present invention provides forage seeds with a sufficient nutritional environment, reducing the abiotic stress that may occur during seed growth and germination. Compared to traditional seed coating preparations, the seed coating inner and outer liquids prepared in this invention have distinct functional zones. Trichoderma and other fungi in the seed coating inner liquid reproduce and absorb nutrients from the seed coating outer liquid and the external soil environment, then supply their metabolites to the forage seeds. The seed coating inner liquid does not contain the rhizobia common in legumes; instead, Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus are used as substitutes. This aims to avoid the large presence of root nodules in legumes, reduce root defense responses, and thus reduce the increase in lignin content. Beauveria bassiana and other fungi can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Furthermore, the improved water and fertilizer management method of this invention can improve the soil before sowing, increase mineral content, and provide a more suitable growth environment for grain and forage seeds. In addition, the compound formulation of this invention can inhibit the key enzyme 4-coumaric acid-coenzyme A ligase in the lignin synthesis process. The alkyl glycoside solution can stabilize and enhance the enzyme inhibitor. Applying the compound formulation after harvesting allows for precise dosage control, preventing the grain and forage from lodging and reducing lignin synthesis.

[0033] The forage obtained through this invention has been verified to have a lower lignin content than forage obtained through conventional management methods, resulting in better palatability and utilization by animals. Furthermore, the forage obtained through this invention maintains a high level of both yield and quality. Therefore, the planting method provided by this invention can achieve high-yield and high-quality forage, thereby reducing dependence on imported forage, lowering input costs for the livestock industry, and offering simple operation. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the molecular structure of an enzyme inhibitor;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a simplified diagram of the experimental field's location, intended for illustrative purposes only. It does not represent the actual size of the experimental field, nor the width of the field roads, etc.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the content of indicators for grain and forage after the second harvest.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the content of indicators for grain and forage after the third harvest. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Example 1: This example provides a method for preparing seed-encapsulated internal liquid, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0040] The liquid inside the seed package in this embodiment contains the following components in parts by weight: 1 part Trichoderma suspension, 2 parts Beauveria bassiana suspension, 1 part Bacillus suspension, 2 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 3 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 3 parts soy protein isolate.

[0041] L1. Culture Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus separately until a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶ is obtained. 6 CFU / mL Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension;

[0042] L2. Dissolve chitosan oligosaccharide in an acetic acid solution with a mass percentage concentration of 1% to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution with a mass percentage concentration of 3%. Add the Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension obtained in step L1 to the chitosan oligosaccharide solution to obtain mixture 1.

[0043] L3. Add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and soy protein isolate to the mixture 1 obtained in step L2, stir continuously until completely dispersed and uniform, package and store at 4°C to obtain the seed-encapsulated liquid.

[0044] Example 2: This example provides a method for preparing seed-encapsulated internal liquid, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0045] The liquid inside the seed package in this embodiment contains the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 parts Trichoderma suspension, 2.5 parts Beauveria bassiana suspension, 1.5 parts Bacillus suspension, 3 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 4 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 5 parts soy protein isolate.

[0046] L1. Culture Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus separately until a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶ is obtained. 7 CFU / mL Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension;

[0047] L2. Dissolve chitosan oligosaccharide in a 1% (w / w) acetic acid solution to obtain a 4% (w / w) chitosan oligosaccharide solution. Add the Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension obtained in step L1 to the chitosan oligosaccharide solution to obtain mixture 1.

[0048] L3. Add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and soy protein isolate to the mixture 1 obtained in step L2, stir continuously until completely dispersed and uniform, package and store at 4°C to obtain the seed-encapsulated liquid.

[0049] Example 3: This example provides a method for preparing seed-encapsulated internal liquid, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0050] The liquid inside the seed package in this embodiment contains the following components by weight: 2 parts Trichoderma suspension, 3 parts Beauveria bassiana suspension, 2 parts Bacillus suspension, 4 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 6 parts soy protein isolate.

[0051] L1. Culture Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus separately until a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶ is obtained. 8 CFU / mL Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension;

[0052] L2. Dissolve chitosan oligosaccharide in a 1% (w / w) acetic acid solution to obtain a 5% (w / w) chitosan oligosaccharide solution. Add the Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension obtained in step L1 to the chitosan oligosaccharide solution to obtain mixture 1.

[0053] L3. Add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and soy protein isolate to the mixture 1 obtained in step L2, stir continuously until completely dispersed and uniform, package and store at 4°C to obtain the seed-encapsulated liquid.

[0054] The Trichoderma used in Examples 1-3 were strains with the strain number ACCC 33109 preserved by the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center, Beauveria bassiana was strain with the strain number ACCC 32002 preserved by the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center, and Bacillus was strain with the strain number ACCC 60364 preserved by the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center. All of them were purchased commercially and used.

[0055] Example 4: This example provides a method for preparing seed-encapsulated liquid, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0056] The seed coating liquid in this embodiment contains the following components in parts by weight: 0.8 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.6 parts magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1 part dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts modified activated carbon, and 1 part sodium alginate solution with a mass percentage concentration of 1%.

[0057] V1. Weigh rice straw, bran, and a 50% phosphoric acid solution according to a mass-volume ratio of 2:1:4. Dry and crush the rice straw, mix it with the bran, soak it in the phosphoric acid solution, and ultrasonically treat it at 220W for 0.5 hours. Then heat it in a tube furnace until it is completely carbonized. After the carbonization is complete, pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain powder. Weigh the powder, ferric chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, and water according to a mass-volume ratio of 5:1:1:1:200. Mix the above substances and continuously shake them at 200rpm for 24 hours. After the carbonization is complete, wash the mixture with water and vacuum filter it. Dry the precipitate in an oven to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0058] V2. Mix ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the modified activated carbon obtained in step V1, stir until evenly dispersed, add sodium alginate solution, and continue stirring until the system is uniform to obtain the seed-encapsulating liquid.

[0059] Example 5: This example provides a method for preparing seed-encapsulated liquid, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0060] The seed coating liquid in this embodiment contains the following components by weight: 1 part ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.2 parts dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 parts modified activated carbon, and 2 parts sodium alginate solution with a mass percentage concentration of 2%.

[0061] V1. Weigh rice straw, bran, and a 50% phosphoric acid solution according to a mass-volume ratio of 3:1:5. Dry and crush the rice straw, mix it with the bran, soak it in the phosphoric acid solution, and ultrasonically treat it at 240W for 0.8 hours. Then heat it in a tube furnace until it is completely carbonized. After the process, pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain powder. Weigh the powder, ferric chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, and water according to a mass-volume ratio of 6:1.5:1.5:2:250. Mix the above substances and continuously shake them at 210rpm for 28 hours. After the process, wash the mixture with water and vacuum filter it. Dry the precipitate in an oven to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0062] V2. Mix ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the modified activated carbon obtained in step V1, stir until evenly dispersed, add sodium alginate solution, and continue stirring until the system is uniform to obtain the seed-encapsulating liquid.

[0063] Example 6: This example provides a method for preparing seed-encapsulated liquid, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0064] The seed coating liquid in this embodiment contains the following components in parts by weight: 1.2 parts ammonium molybdate, 1.0 parts magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.5 parts dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts modified activated carbon, and 4 parts sodium alginate solution with a mass percentage concentration of 3%.

[0065] V1. Weigh rice straw, bran, and a 50% phosphoric acid solution according to a mass-volume ratio of 5:1:6. Dry and crush the rice straw, mix it with the bran, soak it in the phosphoric acid solution, and ultrasonically treat it at 260W for 1 hour. Then heat it in a tube furnace until it is completely carbonized. After the treatment, pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain powder. Weigh the powder, ferric chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, and water according to a mass-volume ratio of 8:2:2:3:300. Mix the above substances and continuously shake them at 220rpm for 30 hours. After the treatment, wash them with water and vacuum filter them. Dry the precipitate in an oven to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0066] V2. Mix ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the modified activated carbon obtained in step V1, stir until evenly dispersed, add sodium alginate solution, and continue stirring until the system is uniform to obtain the seed-encapsulating liquid.

[0067] Example 7: This example provides a method for cultivating high-yield forage for herbivores, comprising the following steps:

[0068] S1. Select qualified forage seeds, specifically alfalfa seeds. Coat the outer layer of the forage seeds with the seed coating liquid obtained in Example 1 using a film coating technique. Specifically, use a high-efficiency coating machine with a bottom spray process at a flow rate of 2 mL / min. After thorough air drying, layer the seed coating liquid obtained in Example 4 using a seed-coating method. Specifically, immerse the forage seeds coated with the seed coating liquid into the seed coating liquid, gently stir for 15 seconds, remove, spread evenly, and air dry naturally to obtain pre-treated forage seeds. Sow the pre-treated forage seeds in an improved water and fertilizer system. The soil amendment for water and fertilizer in the prepared soil contains the following materials in parts by weight: 2 parts mixed grinding material and 15 parts citric acid aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.8%. The mixed grinding material is obtained by grinding 1 part silica and 3 parts polyamino acid calcium. During the grinding process, the silica is added in its entirety, and the polyamino acid calcium is added in 3 portions. The mixture is ground at 500 rpm for 2 hours. The mixed grinding material is applied at a rate of 2 kg / acre. After the process is completed, the citric acid aqueous solution is applied as soon as possible (within 4 hours). The soil amendment for water and fertilizer should be prepared one week before sowing.

[0069] S2. Conduct normal field management, promptly removing weeds after each harvest, and then spray with a compound preparation. The compound preparation consists of the following components by weight: 1 part enzyme inhibitor and 250 parts alkyl glycoside solution with a weight percentage concentration of 20%. The structure of the enzyme inhibitor is as follows: Figure 1As shown, the compound preparation was synthesized by Wuhan Mingde Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 95%. Normal topdressing can be applied three days after spraying the compound preparation, and no compound preparation should be sprayed after the last harvest.

[0070] Example 8: This example provides a method for cultivating high-yield forage for herbivores, comprising the following steps:

[0071] S1. Select qualified forage seeds, specifically alfalfa seeds. Coat the seeds with the seed coating liquid obtained in Example 2 using a film coating technique. After thorough air drying, coat the seeds with the seed coating liquid obtained in Example 5 using a seed mixing method. The film coating and seed mixing treatments are consistent with those in Example 7, thus obtaining pretreated forage seeds. Sow the pretreated forage seeds in the soil after water and fertilizer improvement and land preparation. The water and fertilizer improvement includes the following materials in parts by weight: 3 parts mixed grinding material and 18 parts citric acid aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.6%. The mixed grinding material is obtained by grinding 1.5 parts by weight of silica and 3.5 parts by weight of polyamino acid calcium. During the grinding process, silica is added in its entirety, and polyamino acid calcium is added in 4 portions. Grind at 550 rpm for 2.5 hours. Apply the mixed grinding material at 2.5 kg / mu. After the application, apply the citric acid aqueous solution as soon as possible (within 4 hours). Water and fertilizer improvement and land preparation are carried out one week before sowing.

[0072] S2. Perform normal field management. After each mowing, remove weeds from the field in time, and then spray the compound preparation. The compound preparation is composed of the following components by mass: 2 parts enzyme inhibitor and 280 parts alkyl glycoside solution with a mass percentage concentration of 22%. The source of the enzyme inhibitor is the same as in Example 7. Normal topdressing can be applied three days after spraying the compound preparation. Do not spray the compound preparation after the last mowing.

[0073] Example 9: This example provides a method for cultivating high-yield forage for herbivorous animals, comprising the following steps:

[0074] S1. Select qualified forage seeds, specifically alfalfa seeds. Coat the seeds with the seed coating liquid obtained in Example 3 using a film coating technique. After thorough air drying, coat the seeds with the seed coating liquid obtained in Example 6 using a seed mixing method. The film coating and seed mixing treatments are consistent with those in Example 7, thus obtaining pretreated forage seeds. Sow the pretreated forage seeds in the soil after water and fertilizer improvement and land preparation. The water and fertilizer improvement includes the following materials in parts by weight: 4 parts mixed grinding material and 20 parts citric acid aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.5%. The mixed grinding material is obtained by grinding 2 parts by weight of silica and 4 parts by weight of polyamino acid calcium. During the grinding process, silica is added in its entirety, and polyamino acid calcium is added in 5 portions. Grind at 600 rpm for 3 hours to obtain the mixture. Apply the mixed grinding material at 3 kg / mu. After the process, apply the citric acid aqueous solution as soon as possible (within 4 hours). Water and fertilizer improvement and land preparation are carried out one week before sowing.

[0075] S2. Perform normal field management. After each mowing, remove weeds from the field in time, and then spray the compound preparation. The compound preparation is composed of the following components by mass: 3 parts enzyme inhibitor and 300 parts alkyl glycoside solution with a mass percentage concentration of 22%. The source of the enzyme inhibitor is the same as in Example 7. Normal topdressing can be applied three days after spraying the compound preparation. Do not spray the compound preparation after the last mowing.

[0076] Planting test:

[0077] The planting plan was carried out in accordance with the agricultural standard NY-T 2703-2015, Technical Specifications for Alfalfa Planting.

[0078] I. Basic Information about the Experimental Field:

[0079] The experimental fields are located in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, and consist of eight plots, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. A simplified map of the experimental fields is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, each experimental field is 3m long and 2m wide. Deep plowing and stubble removal were carried out during the fallow period one year prior to planting. The soil physicochemical properties were tested in advance: pH 7.5, salt content 0.14%, organic matter content 5.17%, and cation exchange capacity 7.56 cmol. + / kg, clay content 15.14%.

[0080] II. Grain and Forage Seeds and Pretreatment:

[0081] Grain seeds of variety Zhongmu No. 1 were purchased from Inner Mongolia Longcao Gaoke Agricultural Co., Ltd., and grain seeds of variety Zihua Mufa were purchased from Bazhou Zhaochun Seed Industry Co., Ltd. Germination rates were tested, and the germination rates of Zhongmu No. 1 and Zihua Mufa reached 94%, confirming that the grain seeds were of good quality before the experiment. Seeds with significantly poor plumpness, abnormal color, or incomplete grains were visually inspected and removed. The remaining seeds were randomly mixed and weighed into 5g groups, for a total of 8 groups, numbered sequentially as groups 1-8. Groups 1, 3, 5, and 7 were alfalfa No. 1 seeds, and groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 were alfalfa seeds. Groups 1 and 2 were treated according to step S1 of Example 7, groups 3 and 4 according to step S1 of Example 8, and groups 5 and 6 according to step S1 of Example 9. During the treatment of groups 1-6, groups 7 and 8 were stored in a cool, dry place. These 1-8 groups of seeds correspond to experimental plots 1-8, respectively.

[0082] III. Planting and Field Management:

[0083] Planting took place in early April. Seven days before planting, the experimental field was prepared and irrigated. The row spacing was 20cm and the sowing depth was 2cm. The seeds were covered with soil promptly after sowing. Weeding was carried out manually in the field from time to time, and the field was irrigated once a week.

[0084] After the second mowing, remove the weeds in the field in time, and then spray the compound preparation at a rate of 100g / 10,000 plants. Three days after spraying the compound preparation, apply phosphate fertilizer and irrigate.

[0085] IV. Harvesting and Testing Indicators:

[0086] The first cut was made at the initial flowering stage. For Zhongmu No. 1, the cut was made on the 68th day after planting, and for purple alfalfa, the cut was made on the 72nd day after planting. The stubble was left at 5cm during the cut. The weather was sunny and there was no rain during the cutting period. The second cut was made 35 days after the first cut, and the third cut was made 38 days after the second cut.

[0087] After the second and third harvests, the forage was sent to Zhongqingmu (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. for testing. The testing indicators included dry matter content, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin. The crude protein test results were based on dry matter content. In addition, the testing indicators included fresh forage yield and stem-to-leaf ratio. Fresh forage yield = actual fresh forage quantity after harvest / experimental field area; stem-to-leaf ratio = dry matter content in stems / dry matter content in leaves. Both fresh forage yield and stem-to-leaf ratio were self-measured.

[0088] Table 1. Content of detection indicators for grains and forage

[0089]

[0090] The content of the tested indicators, fresh grass yield and stem-to-leaf ratio, is shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows that, compared to plot 7, the fresh grass yields of plots 1, 3, and 5 were not low after the second and third harvests. The same pattern was observed in the comparison between plots 2, 4, 6, and 8. This confirms that the planting methods in Examples 7-9 can increase grass yield, and the increased stem-to-leaf ratio improves animal palatability and overall palatability.

[0091] The test indicators include dry matter content, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin content. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 The content graph of the above-mentioned test indicators after the second harvest is from... Figure 3 It can be seen that, compared with plot 7, the dry matter and crude protein content of the forage in plots 1, 3, and 5 are significantly higher, while the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin is lower. The same pattern is observed in the comparison between plots 2, 4, 6, and 8. The forage harvested in the third round also showed the advantages of higher dry matter and crude protein content, and lower content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin. This confirms that the planting methods in Examples 7-9, without the aid of genetic technology, achieve the goal of obtaining forage with lower lignin content, demonstrating significant application value.

[0092] Furthermore, the degree to which the forage is consumed and digested by animals can be assessed by calculating its relative feed value. Relative feed value = dry matter intake × digestible dry matter / 1.29, where dry matter intake = 120 / neutral detergent fiber, and digestible dry matter = 88.9 - (0.779 × acid detergent fiber). Therefore, the relative feed values ​​of the second-harvest forage from plots 1 to 8 can be calculated as 136.25%, 153.88%, 138.83%, 155.74%, 138.03%, 155.84%, 105.67%, and 112.92%, respectively, and the relative feed values ​​of the third-harvest forage as follows: 140.02%, 157.13%, 141.94%, 160.17%, 142.12%, 160.88%, 104.10%, and 114.61%, respectively. The planting methods of Examples 7-9 confirm that the forage obtained from these methods, when used to prepare feed for herbivores, has a significant advantage in terms of easy digestibility.

[0093] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating high-yield forage for herbivorous animals, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Select qualified grain and forage seeds, cover the outer layer of the grain and forage seeds with the seed coating liquid using film coating technology, and after fully air-drying, coat the seeds with the seed coating liquid to obtain pre-treated grain and forage seeds. Sow the pre-treated grain and forage seeds in the soil after water and fertilizer improvement and land preparation. S2. Perform normal field management. Remove weeds in the field in time after each harvest, and then spray compound preparation. Normal topdressing can be applied three days after spraying compound preparation. Do not spray compound preparation after the last harvest. The compound preparation is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts enzyme inhibitor and 250-300 parts alkyl glycoside solution; The structural formula of the enzyme inhibitor is shown below: ； The molecular formula of enzyme inhibitors is C 19 H 23 N7O7S, relative molecular mass 493.50, alkyl glycoside solution mass percentage concentration 20-24%; The application rate of the compound preparation is 100-150g / 10,000 plants; The seed-encapsulated liquid contains the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts Trichoderma suspension, 2-3 parts Beauveria bassiana suspension, 1-2 parts Bacillus suspension, 2-4 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 3-6 parts soy protein isolate. The method for preparing the seed-encapsulated internal liquid is as follows: L1. Culture Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus separately until a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶ is obtained. 6 -1×10 8 CFU / mL Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension; L2. Dissolve chitosan oligosaccharide in a 1% (w / w) acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution. Add the Trichoderma suspension, Beauveria bassiana suspension, and Bacillus suspension obtained in step L1 to the chitosan oligosaccharide solution to obtain mixture 1. L3. Add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and soy protein isolate to the mixture 1 obtained in step L2, stir continuously until completely dispersed and uniform, package and store at 4°C to obtain the seed-encapsulated liquid; The mass percentage concentration of the chitosan oligosaccharide solution in step L2 is 3-5%.

2. The method for cultivating high-yield forage for herbivorous animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed coating liquid contains the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.6-1.0 parts magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1-1.5 parts dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts modified activated carbon, and 1-4 parts sodium alginate solution. The method for preparing the seed-encapsulated liquid is as follows: V1. Dry and crush rice straw, mix it with bran, soak it in phosphoric acid solution, sonicate it for 0.5-1 hour, heat it in a tube furnace until it is completely carbonized, sieve it after the process to obtain powder, mix the powder with ferric chloride, copper chloride and zinc chloride, add water, and continue to shake it. After the process, wash it with water and vacuum filter it. Dry the precipitate in an oven to obtain modified activated carbon. V2. Mix ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the modified activated carbon obtained in step V1, stir until evenly dispersed, add sodium alginate solution, and continue stirring until the system is uniform to obtain the seed-encapsulating liquid. In step V1, the mass-volume ratio of straw: bran: phosphoric acid solution is 2-5:1:4-6, and the mass-volume ratio of powder: ferric chloride: copper chloride: zinc chloride: water is 5-8:1-2:1-2:1-3:200-300. In step V2, the mass percentage concentration of sodium alginate solution is 1-3%.

3. The method for cultivating high-yield forage for herbivorous animals according to claim 2, characterized in that, The improved water-fertilizer contains the following materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts mixed ground material, 15-20 parts citric acid aqueous solution; The mixed grinding material is obtained by grinding 1-2 parts by weight of silica and 3-4 parts by weight of polyamino acid calcium. The citric acid aqueous solution has a mass percentage concentration of 0.5-0.8%.

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