Breeding method for changing bolting habit of onion and application thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and particularly relates to a breeding method for changing the bolting habit of onions and application. Specifically, the cold plasma treatment technology is applied to the breeding of onion breeding materials for the first time, and it is found through research that the cold plasma technology with different treatment powers can change the bolting time of the onion parent hygroscopic germination seeds, and the developed root system of the onion parent can be obtained by combining with the root system improvement of the paternal material; the problem of low breeding efficiency of traditional onions is broken, and the onion breeding cycle is accelerated; therefore, the application provides a new method for cultivating excellent new onion varieties, and therefore has important scientific research and economic value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a breeding method for altering the bolting habit of onions and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Onions (Allium cepa L.), also known as bulb onions, round onions, shallots, Dutch onions, and scallions, contain prostaglandin A, which can reduce peripheral vascular resistance and blood viscosity. They can be used to refresh the mind, relieve stress, and prevent colds. Onions also contain various sulfides and sugars, which can reduce and prevent thrombosis, lower blood lipids, lower blood pressure, resist arteriosclerosis, and prevent myocardial infarction. They can also scavenge free radicals in the body, enhance metabolism, resist aging, and prevent osteoporosis, making them a popular health food. Furthermore, onions contain quercetin, which can inhibit the activity of cancer cells, prevent cancer cell growth, and prevent onion-related cancers. Onions have only been introduced to my country for a little over 100 years, but development has been rapid. my country is now the world's largest producer of onions in terms of area and output, accounting for more than 30% of the world's total area and output, but the yield per unit area is relatively low. The length of daylight hours significantly impacts onion growth, being a major factor influencing bolting and bulb formation. Bolting refers to the phenomenon where, after flower bud differentiation, the flower bud emerges from the rosette of leaves and grows into an elongated flower stalk. Onion bolting requires a certain level of low temperature, which is the dominant factor in inducing flower bud differentiation; most varieties complete vernalization at temperatures between 2℃ and 5℃. In cultivation, bolting reduces the edible and nutritional value of the crop's vegetative organs and its yield. In breeding, promoting early bolting is necessary to shorten the breeding cycle and accelerate the breeding process. The onion growth cycle and yield are significantly affected by daylight hours. In traditional breeding and cultivation, the bolting time of onions is usually limited by seasonal variations in daylight hours, posing a challenge to efficient onion production and breeding.

[0004] Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is a higher-energy aggregated state containing a large number of excited molecules, atoms, free radicals, electrons, and other active particles. Plasma is mainly used in chemical smelting, spraying, and welding; in recent years, it has been applied to seed treatment in agriculture. The abundant active particles in plasma can act on plants, causing changes in certain traits. Applying this technology to agricultural breeding is still a relatively new research area both domestically and internationally, primarily for improving target traits such as disease resistance, germination rates, and marketability in crops like wheat, corn, peanuts, and soybeans. The inventors have discovered that there are currently no research reports or studies on the application of cold plasma treatment of wet onion seeds in altering bolting habits and in the breeding of new varieties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a breeding method for altering the bolting habit of onions and its application. Specifically, this invention, through research, has discovered that treating wet seeds of onion parent plants with cold plasma technology at different processing powers can change the bolting time of onions. Combined with root system improvement of the paternal parent material, this yields onion parent plants with well-developed root systems. This overcomes the problem of low efficiency in traditional onion breeding, accelerates the onion breeding cycle, and provides a new method for cultivating superior new onion varieties. Based on the above research results, this invention has been completed.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A first aspect of the invention provides the application of cold plasma in altering the bolting behavior of onions.

[0008] Specifically, the application includes: treating onion seeds with cold plasma to regulate the bolting time of onions.

[0009] The onion seeds mentioned are onion seeds that have undergone low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment.

[0010] This invention has discovered through research that cold plasma treatment of moisture-absorbing onion seeds can promote bolting (i.e., advance the bolting time) with low power, while inhibiting bolting (i.e., delaying the bolting time) with high power. Therefore, the bolting time of onions can be controlled by adjusting the cold plasma treatment process.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a breeding method for altering the bolting habit of onions, the breeding method comprising: treating onion seeds with cold plasma to select bolting-resistant onion varieties.

[0012] The breeding method specifically includes:

[0013] S1. Cold plasma treatment was applied to onion male-sterile line seed materials that had undergone low-temperature moisture absorption and germination to obtain bolting-resistant onion male-sterile line materials.

[0014] S2. Cold plasma treatment was applied to onion seed material that had been germinated by low-temperature moisture absorption to obtain onion parent material with well-developed root system.

[0015] S3. The onion breeding materials obtained in steps S1 and S2 are cross-pollinated to obtain new hybrid onion varieties.

[0016] A third aspect of the invention provides the use of the above-described applications and / or the above-described breeding methods in any one or more of the following:

[0017] (a1) Change the bolting habit of onions and regulate the bolting time of onions;

[0018] (a2) Breeding new onion varieties.

[0019] The beneficial technical effects of one or more of the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0020] The above technical solutions can effectively obtain bolt-resistant onion male-sterile lines, new bolt-resistant onion varieties with excellent traits, improve the root system of the male onion parent, increase yield, and shorten the onion breeding cycle.

[0021] Meanwhile, cold plasma treatment is considered controllable, thus controlling the bolting behavior of onions. This not only increases the flexibility of onion cultivation but also helps to increase onion yield and breeding; therefore, the above-mentioned technical solutions have significant scientific research and economic value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the breeding method and application of the present invention for altering the bolting habit of onions. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. It should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terminology used in the embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] As mentioned earlier, the growth cycle and yield of onions are significantly affected by the duration of daylight. In traditional breeding and cultivation, the bolting time of onions is usually limited by seasonal changes in daylight, which poses a challenge to the efficient production and breeding of onions.

[0027] This invention, through research, has discovered that by employing advanced cold plasma seed treatment technology, selecting appropriate power supply and treatment time, and treating moisture-absorbing and germinated onion breeding materials, the bolting habit of onions can be altered through indoor experiments and field planting. This addresses the problem of low efficiency in traditional sterile line breeding improvement, accelerates the onion breeding cycle, and yields new onion varieties with good bolting resistance.

[0028] In view of this, in a typical embodiment of the present invention, the application of cold plasma in altering the bolting behavior of onions is provided.

[0029] Specifically, the application includes: treating onion seeds with cold plasma to regulate the bolting time of onions.

[0030] The onion seeds mentioned are onion seeds that have undergone low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment.

[0031] Specifically, the low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment can be: treatment at 15-20℃ in a humid environment (such as a humid germination bed) for 20-24 hours.

[0032] This invention, through research, has discovered that cold plasma treatment of hygroscopic onion seeds, with low power (e.g., 5-60W for 50-60s, further 30-40W for 50-60s) can promote bolting (i.e., advance the bolting time), while high power (e.g., 100-1000W for 5-40s) inhibits bolting (i.e., delays the bolting time). Therefore, by adjusting the cold plasma treatment process, the bolting time of onions can be controlled. That is, low-power treatment can promote bolting of onion seeds at a consistent time, shortening the breeding cycle; or high-power treatment can inhibit bolting of onion seeds, obtaining bolting-resistant onion breeding materials.

[0033] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a breeding method for changing the bolting habit of onions is provided, the breeding method comprising: treating onion seeds with cold plasma and selecting bolting-resistant onion varieties.

[0034] The breeding method specifically includes:

[0035] S1. Cold plasma treatment was applied to onion male-sterile line seed materials that had undergone low-temperature moisture absorption and germination to obtain bolting-resistant onion male-sterile line materials.

[0036] S2. Cold plasma treatment was applied to onion seed material that had been germinated by low-temperature moisture absorption to obtain onion parent material with well-developed root system.

[0037] S3. The onion breeding materials obtained in steps S1 and S2 are cross-pollinated to obtain new hybrid onion varieties.

[0038] Specifically, in step S1, the low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment can be: treating at 15-20℃ in a humid environment (such as a humid germination bed) for 20-24 hours.

[0039] The cold plasma treatment specifically involves: treatment with 100-1000W for 5-40 seconds, more preferably 600W for 15 seconds, to obtain bolting-resistant sterile parent lines;

[0040] Alternatively, the cold plasma treatment can specifically be: 5-60W treatment for 50-60s, or further, 30-40W treatment for 50-60s. The above-mentioned low-power cold plasma treatment can promote the bolting of onion seeds at a consistent time, thus shortening the breeding cycle.

[0041] In step S2, the low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment can specifically be: treatment at 15-20℃ in a humid environment (such as a humid germination bed) for 20-24 hours.

[0042] The cold plasma treatment specifically involves: 1-100W for 1-20s; further, 30-50W for 10-12s, thereby obtaining onion parent material with well-developed root systems.

[0043] The well-developed root system is manifested at least in the increased length of onion roots and the increased total area of ​​onion roots.

[0044] In step S3, the specific traits of the new hybrid onion variety are at least: bolting resistance (i.e., a decrease in onion bolting rate) and increased onion yield.

[0045] Furthermore, the breeding method also includes obtaining new onion varieties through resistance identification and variety comparison.

[0046] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the above-described applications and / or the above-described breeding methods are provided for use in any one or more of the following:

[0047] (a1) Change the bolting habit of onions and regulate the bolting time of onions;

[0048] (a2) Breeding new onion varieties.

[0049] Among them, the selected new onion varieties must possess at least one or more of the following traits:

[0050] (a2.1) Bolting resistance (i.e., reduced bolting rate of onions);

[0051] (a2.2) Increased onion production.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will be described below through specific embodiments. The raw materials used in the following embodiments are all commercially available, and the equipment used is all existing equipment.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] (1) Onion sterile lines ON01~ON10 were selected as experimental materials.

[0055] (2) Place the onion sterile line in a moist germination bed and allow it to absorb moisture and germinate at 15-20℃ for 20-24 hours.

[0056] (3) Place the soaked onion sterile line into a cold plasma seed treatment device with a treatment power of 10-1000W and a treatment time of 5-60s.

[0057] (4) The treated wet onion seeds were germinated under suitable temperature and humidity conditions. After germination, the seedlings were transplanted to areas with moderate sunlight. The treated onion breeding materials and the same batch of untreated onion breeding materials were planted in the field. After vernalization, the changes in bolting time were observed and recorded.

[0058] Bolting rate (%): The percentage of bolting plants out of the total number of plants. The bolting period is defined as the time when the bolting rate of onions reaches 50%.

[0059] The bolting period of day-sterile onion breeding materials treated with cold plasma was affected as follows compared to the corresponding onion breeding materials from the same batch selected in step 1 that had not undergone any treatment:

[0060] Table 1. Effects of different cold plasma treatments on bolting time of onions under medium-day sunlight.

[0061]

[0062] Table 1 shows the number of days the bolting delay of the male-sterile lines indicates the number of days the bolting delay was compared to the same batch of male-sterile lines from the corresponding onions selected in Step 1 that underwent no treatment. For example, when the treatment power was 600W and the treatment time was 15s, the male-sterile line with the longest delay was ON07, with a delay of 5 days, while the shortest was ON13, with a delay of 3 days. The delay for the remaining experimental varieties was 3-5 days. When the cold plasma treatment power was 10-50W and the treatment time was 50-60s, the delay time decreased by 1-2 days, meaning the bolting time was advanced by 1-2 days. This indicates that cold plasma treatment of hygroscopic onion seeds with low power can promote bolting, while high power can inhibit bolting. By adjusting the cold plasma treatment process, the bolting time of onions can be controlled.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Steps 1-2 are the same as in Example 1. Step 3 involves placing the wet seeds of the long-day onion sterile line into a cold plasma seed treatment device with a treatment power of 5-60W for 50-60 seconds. The treated seeds are then planted in a medium-day region, and the changes in bolting time are observed and recorded.

[0065] Table 2. Effects of different cold plasma treatments on bolting of long-day onions.

[0066]

[0067] Table 2 shows the number of days earlier bolting of the male-sterile lines, indicating the difference in bolting time between the cold plasma-treated male-sterile lines and the corresponding batch of onions selected in step 1 that had not undergone any treatment. For example, when the treatment power was 30-40W and the treatment time was 50s, the bolting time of the experimental male-sterile lines was 2-3 days earlier. Low-power treatment resulted in earlier and more consistent bolting of onion seeds, shortening the breeding cycle.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] Steps 1-3 are the same as in Example 1. Step (5) involves treating F01-F10 wet seeds with cold plasma as the male parent material to analyze the onion root growth. The root system of the LA-S series plant root analyzer, equipped with an optical resolution of 4800-9600, is used to analyze the root system. The total root length and total root area are compared to obtain the onion male parent with a well-developed root system. The root system of a plant is an important component of the plant body. It can maintain the normal growth and development of the plant by absorbing nutrients and water from the soil, and adapt to adverse conditions such as drought, high temperature, and low temperature, thus affecting the yield of the plant.

[0070] The root system effects of cold plasma treatment on onion parent materials compared to the same batch of onion parent materials selected in step 1 that have not undergone any treatment are as follows:

[0071] Table 3. Effects of different cold plasma treatments on onion roots

[0072]

[0073] Table 3 shows the percentage increase in onion root length, representing the percentage increase in total root length between the cold plasma-treated paternal breeding material and the same batch of onions selected in step (5) that were not treated. For example, when the treatment power was 30W and the treatment time was 12s, the highest increase in root length was observed in variety F09 (23.80%), and the lowest was observed in variety F05 (15.90%). The remaining experimental varieties showed increases in root length ranging from 15.90% to 23.80%. The percentage increase in total root area of ​​the treated onions was 10.59% to 19.62%, indicating that the onion root system was improved when the cold plasma treatment power was between 30 and 50W.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] Steps 1-3 are the same as in Example 1. The bolt-resistant onion sterile line obtained in step (4) is used as the female parent, the material with well-developed root system is selected as the male parent of the hybrid in step (5), and the new onion hybrid variety with bolt-resistant characteristics is obtained by cross-pollination in step (6).

[0076] The effects of cold plasma treatment on the resistance of onion male parents compared to the same batch of onion male parents that did not undergo any treatment are as follows:

[0077] Table 4. Effects of different cold plasma treatments on traits of onion hybrids

[0078]

[0079] Table 4 shows the rate of decrease in bolting rate of onion hybrids. Compared with the hybrids obtained from the same batch of onions selected in step (5) without any treatment, the bolting rate of hybrids obtained by cold plasma treatment decreased by 2.63-5.14%; the yield of onion hybrids increased by 10.56-25.42%. This indicates that the bolting rate of onion hybrids decreased and the yield of hybrids increased after cold plasma treatment.

[0080] (7) Hybrids are subjected to quality testing, small-scale trials, production demonstration and promotion to obtain new bolting-resistant onion varieties.

[0081] A new onion variety, Xiujinhong, has been developed. Variety right number: CNA20182154.6.

[0082] A new onion variety, Xiujinhong No. 6, was developed. Variety right number: CNA20191000128.

[0083] A new onion variety, Tianwangxing, was developed. Variety right number: CNA20191003348.

[0084] A new onion variety, Nilde, was developed. Variety right number: CNA20191003490.

[0085] Application for a new onion variety, Elizabeth, application number: 20211009721;

[0086] Application for a new onion variety, Saiqi, application number: 20231009594.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of them. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of cold plasma in altering the bolting habit of onions; the application includes: Cold plasma treatment of onion seeds was used to regulate the bolting time of onions; low power (10-50W) treatment for 50-60s promoted bolting of onions, while high power (100-800W) treatment for 10-40s inhibited bolting of onions.

2. The application as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The onion seeds are onion seeds that have undergone low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment. Specifically, the low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment involves treating the plant at 15-20℃ in a humid environment for 20-24 hours.

3. The application as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Cold plasma treatment of moisture-absorbing onion seeds, with low power (30-40W) for 50-60 seconds, promotes earlier bolting of onions, while high power (100-800W) for 10-40 seconds, promotes delayed bolting of onions.

4. A breeding method for altering the bolting habit of onions, characterized in that, The breeding method includes: treating onion seeds with cold plasma to select bolt-resistant onion varieties. The cold plasma treatment specifically involves treating with 100-800W for 10-40 seconds to obtain bolt-resistant sterile parent lines.

5. The breeding method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The breeding method specifically includes: S1. Cold plasma treatment was applied to onion male-sterile line seed materials that had undergone low-temperature moisture absorption and germination to obtain bolting-resistant onion male-sterile line materials. S2. Cold plasma treatment was applied to onion seed material that had been germinated by low-temperature moisture absorption to obtain onion parent material with well-developed root system. S3. The onion breeding materials obtained in steps S1 and S2 are cross-pollinated to obtain new hybrid onion varieties. The cold plasma treatment specifically involves treating with 30-50W for 10-12 seconds to obtain onion parent material with well-developed root systems.

6. The breeding method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step S1, the low-temperature moisture absorption and germination treatment specifically involves treating the plant at 15-20℃ in a humid environment for 20-24 hours. The cold plasma treatment specifically involves treating with 600W for 15 seconds to obtain bolting-resistant sterile parent lines.

7. Use of the breeding method according to any one of claims 4-6 in any one or more of the following: (a1) Change the bolting habit of onions and regulate the bolting time of onions; (a2) Breeding new onion varieties.

8. The use as described in claim 7, characterized in that, New onion varieties should possess at least one or more of the following traits: (a2.1) Bolting resistance; (a2.2) Onion production increased.

9. The use as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The bolting resistance refers to a decrease in the bolting rate of onions.

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