A special nail fertilizer for peach trees suitable for northern calcareous soil

Abstract

The application discloses a special nail fertilizer for peach trees suitable for lime soil in the north. The special nail fertilizer for peach trees comprises a high-nitrogen tip formula, a high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle formula and a high-potassium end formula; the mass percentage of nitrogen, diaphosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the high-nitrogen tip formula is 34:4:5, the mass percentage of nitrogen, diaphosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle formula is 9:11:24, and the mass percentage of nitrogen, diaphosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the high-potassium end formula is 6:2:39; the potassium humate content of the nail fertilizer is greater than or equal to 8%. The nail fertilizer has great advantages in yield and quality, and the single fruit weight, average yield, average soluble sugar content, average soluble solid, average reduced vitamin C are all significantly improved, and the titratable acid content and nitrate content are both decreased; moreover, the soil pH treated by the nail fertilizer shows a downward trend, indicating that the nail fertilizer has a conditioning and improvement effect on the lime soil pH, and is more beneficial to the growth of the peach trees.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a special nail fertilizer for peach trees suitable for northern calcareous soil, belonging to the technical field of new fertilizers. BACKGROUND

[0002] The planting area of peaches in China has reached 13.5 million mu, making it the world's largest peach producer. Peach trees grow vigorously and require a large amount of fertilizer. Multiple fertilizations are needed throughout the year to meet the normal growth needs of peach trees and produce high-quality fruit. At the same time, the absorption of nutrients by peach trees varies during different growth stages. Therefore, the nutrient release characteristics of the fertilizer should match the growth and fertilizer needs of the peach tree to effectively improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer. Furthermore, the fertilizer for fruit trees should be applied deeply at the location of the tree canopy projection, with an optimal application depth of 30-40 cm. This reduces the loss of nitrogen nutrients due to volatilization and facilitates root nutrient uptake. Deep application of fertilizer also prevents the tendency of roots to grow towards the surface due to the fertilizer characteristics, improving tree stability and reducing mechanical damage to the root zone caused by soil loosening, mowing, and row management. In peach orchards without water and fertilizer integration, granular or powdered fertilizers used for topdressing need to be applied in holes dug with a spade at the tree canopy projection or using a trencher. This method not only damages the roots but is also inefficient. The utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is also low, typically not exceeding 30%. Peach trees require 3-4 such topdressings per year, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming.

[0003] Northern regions have calcareous soils with a pH generally above 7.0, while peach trees thrive in neutral or weakly acidic environments. Therefore, applying fertilizers with acid-regulating functions in calcareous soils in the north can effectively create a suitable acidic and alkaline environment for the root zone of peach trees, promoting their growth.

[0004] Existing rod fertilizers, such as rod-shaped coated long-acting tree fertilizers, anti-leakage convenient direct insertion fertilizer rods, and special rod fertilizers for jujube trees, all have outer shells, complex production processes, high costs, and are not convenient for mechanized application. The nutrient ratio cannot meet the needs of peach trees for nutrients, making it difficult to be widely applied. The existing literature reports a "segmented absorption fully degradable coated tobacco rod fertilizer" and a "fully degradable coated tobacco carbon-based double-ring layer rod fertilizer," which achieve nutrient release in stages through layer-by-layer coating (the nutrient release sequence is from the outside to the inside). The production cost of the fertilizer is high, and the coating material poses a risk of secondary pollution, making it unsuitable for application in peach tree cultivation.

[0005] The nail fertilizer is directly applied into the soil by external force, reaches a certain depth, and has a certain mechanical strength, and the specific segmented nutrient proportion and nutrient release characteristics can match the nutrient demand law of the peach tree, so that the fertilizer effect of one use can meet the annual growth of the peach tree, the fertilizing process of the peach tree is simplified, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, the fertilizing frequency is reduced, the labor input is saved, and the nail fertilizer is especially suitable for the fertilizing of the peach orchard without water and fertilizer integration. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a special nail fertilizer for peach trees suitable for northern calcareous soil, which has a nutrient proportion and release characteristics that match the nutrient demand law of the peach tree, so that the fertilizer effect of one use can meet the annual growth of the peach tree, improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the fertilizing frequency, and save labor input.

[0007] The special nail fertilizer for peach trees suitable for northern calcareous soil provided by the present application comprises a high-nitrogen tip formula, a high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle segment formula, and a high-potassium end formula.

[0008] The mass percentage of nitrogen, diphosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the high-nitrogen tip formula is 34:4:5, the mass percentage of nitrogen, diphosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle segment formula is 9:11:24, and the mass percentage of nitrogen, diphosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the high-potassium end formula is 6:2:39.

[0009] The potassium humate content of the nail fertilizer is greater than or equal to 8%.

[0010] Preferably, the weight of the nail fertilizer of the present application is 100g, 150g, or 200g.

[0011] The length of the nail fertilizer can be 10cm-20cm, in a long column type, with an edge length of 3cm, and a four-pyramidal tip, facilitating packaging and mechanized application.

[0012] The center of the nail fertilizer is arranged with degradable organic materials such as hemp ropes or bamboo sticks. Since the three segments of the nail fertilizer have different formulas and different physicochemical properties, in order to have a certain mechanical strength (hammered into the soil or pressed into the soil), degradable organic materials (hemp ropes or bamboo sticks) are added to the center of the nail fertilizer during the pressing process, so that even if the fertilizer is broken due to external mechanical force, it can still be normally applied.

[0013] The nail fertilizer of the present application is made of the following raw materials:

[0014] Urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium humate, trace elements, sulfur, and a bonding agent.

[0015] The bonding agent is a mixture of oxidized starch glue adhesive and magnesium phosphate adhesive, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:1.

[0016] The microelements include iron, zinc, manganese, boron, titanium, copper and molybdenum.

[0017] The ratio of the three sections of the nail-shaped fertilizer can be:

[0018] The mass ratio of the high-nitrogen tip formula, the high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle section formula and the high-potassium end formula is 0.35-0.38:0.27-0.32:0.32-0.35.

[0019] Specifically, when the weight of the nail-shaped fertilizer is 100g, the mass ratio of the high-nitrogen tip formula, the high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle section formula and the high-potassium end formula is 0.35:0.3:0.35.

[0020] Specifically, when the weight of the nail-shaped fertilizer is 150g, the mass ratio of the high-nitrogen tip formula, the high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle section formula and the high-potassium end formula is 0.36:0.32:0.32.

[0021] Specifically, when the weight of the nail-shaped fertilizer is 200g, the mass ratio of the high-nitrogen tip formula, the high-phosphorus and high-potassium middle section formula and the high-potassium end formula is 0.38:0.27:0.35.

[0022] The nail-shaped fertilizer is suitable for peach trees cultivated on calcareous soil.

[0023] The nail-shaped fertilizer is applied before the peach sprouts in spring, and the application amount is 90-130kg per mu, and the application is only needed once a year.

[0024] Preferably, when the yield level is below 1500kg per mu, 90kg per mu is applied; when the yield level is 1500-2500kg per mu, 110kg per mu is applied; and when the yield level is 2500-4000kg per mu, 130kg per mu is applied.

[0025] The nail-shaped fertilizer is applied at equal distances (annular or strip-shaped) at the projection of the tree crown.

[0026] The end of the nail-shaped fertilizer is level with or slightly lower than the soil surface, and the nail-shaped fertilizer can be applied into the soil by foot or hammer. Special fertilizer application equipment can also be used.

[0027] The present application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] The nail-shaped fertilizer has great advantages in yield and quality, and the single fruit weight, average yield, average soluble sugar content, average soluble solids and average reduced vitamin C are significantly improved, while the titratable acid content and nitrate content are decreased; and the pH of the soil treated by the nail-shaped fertilizer shows a downward trend, indicating that the nail-shaped fertilizer has a conditioning and improvement effect on the pH of calcareous soil, which is more conducive to the growth of peach trees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0031] The raw materials used in this invention for making nail fertilizer are: urea, containing 46% nitrogen; monoammonium phosphate, containing 12% nitrogen and 61% phosphorus; potassium sulfate, containing 52% potassium sulfate and 12% potassium humate and 50% humic acid; trace elements are added at 0.01%-0.05% (of which the contents of each trace element are 1.5% iron, 2.8% zinc, 1.5% manganese, 2.4% boron, 0.36% titanium, 0.4% copper, and 0.3% molybdenum); sulfur at 0.1%-0.5%; and adhesive at 0.1%-0.5%.

[0032] The proportions of each raw material are shown in Table 1:

[0033] Table 1. Proportion of each component in the raw materials

[0034]

[0035] The formulas for the three types of nail fertilizer (100g, 150g, and 200g) are shown in Tables 2-4.

[0036] Table 2. Percentage of each part of 100g nail fertilizer by the total weight of the nail fertilizer

[0037]

[0038] Table 3. Percentage of each part of 150g nail fertilizer by weight of the whole nail fertilizer

[0039]

[0040] Table 4. Percentage of each part of 200g nail fertilizer by the total weight of the nail fertilizer

[0041]

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Formula A (for the tip), Formula B (for the middle), and Formula C (for the top) are taken at 35%, 30%, and 35% of the total weight of 100g of nail fertilizer, respectively. They are placed in a nail fertilizer mold (12cm in total length) with a 0.5mm diameter hemp rope at the center. Formulas A, B, and C are added to the mold sequentially from tip to tail. Then, pressure is applied to the top of the mold to compress the material to a length of 10cm. The material is then demolded to produce 100g of nail fertilizer (No. 1 nail fertilizer).

[0044] Fertilizer Application Trial: The trial was conducted from March 2020 to October 2022 in an orchard in Xiying Village, Yukou Town, Pinggu District, Beijing. At the start of the trial, the peach trees were 5 years old, of the "Zao Mi" variety (early maturing), with a tree spacing of 1 m and a row spacing of 4 m. The experimental plot consisted of 10 rows, with 95 trees per row, oriented north-south. The soil pH was 7.68, and the fertility was moderate. The experimental plot was divided into two parts: the eastern 5 rows (nail fertilizer treatment) received the fertilizer prepared in Example 1; the western 5 rows (control) received the compound fertilizer commonly used in the orchard. The total fertilizer application rate was 90 kg / mu for both. 2 tons / mu of commercial organic fertilizer was applied annually in late September to the entire plot. The application method involved digging a 30 cm deep trench at the edge of the tree canopy's vertical projection, applying the fertilizer, covering it with soil, and watering.

[0045] Apply No. 1 nail fertilizer to the canopy projection area of ​​the peach tree before bud break, spreading it evenly in strips along the direction of growth. The method of application is to press the fertilizer into the soil using gravity, ensuring the end is level with the soil surface, or to use a 3cm diameter wooden or iron stick to push the fertilizer 3-5cm into the soil. After fertilization, water according to the soil moisture content. If the soil moisture content is below 25%, irrigation is necessary.

[0046] The control group used local fertilization practices, employing a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer at a rate of 90 kg / mu (approximately 667 square meters). This fertilizer was applied in three equal applications during the early-maturing peach tree's budding, pit hardening, and fruit enlargement stages. The application method involved digging a 10-15 cm deep and 10-15 cm wide trench along the tree canopy projection, evenly spreading the fertilizer in the trench, and then covering it with soil. After fertilization, watering was conducted according to soil moisture content; irrigation was necessary if the soil moisture content fell below 25%.

[0047] Table 5. Effects of applying No. I nail fertilizer

[0048]

[0049] Table 5 shows the experimental data for three consecutive years. It can be seen that the average single fruit weight of the No. 1 nail fertilizer treatment was 224.53g, and the average yield was 32208.26 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 13.07%, the average soluble solids content was 14.01%, and the average reduced vitamin C content was 64.71 mg / kg. Under conventional fertilizer treatment, the average single fruit weight was 195.89 g, and the average yield was 27351.84 kg / hm². 2The average soluble sugar content was 11.13%, the average soluble solids content was 11.50%, and the average reduced vitamin C content was 41.87 mg / kg. All these indicators of the nail fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of the conventional fertilizer treatment. The average titratable acid content of the nail fertilizer treatment was 0.45%, and the average nitrate content was 23.26 mg / kg, while the average titratable acid content of the conventional fertilizer treatment was 0.58%, and the average nitrate content was 32.78 mg / kg, both significantly higher than those of the nail fertilizer treatment.

[0050] The above data show that the nail fertilizer of this invention is superior to the control treatment in both yield and quality. Furthermore, the soil pH of the nail fertilizer-treated soil showed a decreasing trend. Moreover, during the three-year experiment, the soil pH in the root zone of peach trees treated with nail fertilizer showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the nail fertilizer has a regulating and improving effect on the pH of calcareous soils, which is more conducive to the growth of peach trees.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] Formula A (for the tip), Formula B (for the middle), and Formula C (for the top) are taken at 36%, 32%, and 32% of the total weight of 150g of nail fertilizer, respectively. They are placed in a nail fertilizer mold (18cm in total length) with a 0.5mm diameter hemp rope at the center. Formulas A, B, and C are added to the mold sequentially from tip to tail. Then, pressure is applied to the top of the mold to compress the material to a length of 15cm. The material is then demolded to produce 150g of nail fertilizer (No. II nail fertilizer).

[0053] Fertilizer Application Trial: The trial was conducted from March 2020 to October 2022 in an orchard in Xiying Village, Yukou Town, Pinggu District, Beijing. At the start of the trial, the peach trees were 6 years old, of the variety "Lvhua Jiu," a mid-maturing variety, with a tree spacing of 1 m and a row spacing of 4 m. The experimental plot consisted of 10 rows, with 95 trees per row, oriented north-south. The soil pH was 7.73, and the fertility was moderate. The experimental plot was divided into two parts: the eastern 5 rows (nail fertilizer treatment) received the fertilizer prepared in Example 1; the western 5 rows (control treatment) received the compound fertilizer commonly used in the orchard. The total fertilizer application rate was 110 kg / mu for both. Every year in late September, 2 tons / mu of commercial organic fertilizer was applied to the entire plot. The application method involved digging a 30 cm deep trench at the edge of the tree canopy's vertical projection, applying the fertilizer, covering it with soil, and watering.

[0054] Apply No. II nail fertilizer to the canopy projection area of ​​early-maturing peach trees before bud break, using a circular application method. The fertilizer should be pressed into the soil with weight until the tail end is level with the soil surface, or a 3cm diameter wooden or iron stick can be used to push the fertilizer 3-5cm into the soil. After fertilization, water according to the soil moisture content. If the soil moisture content is below 25%, irrigation is necessary.

[0055] The control group used local fertilization practices, employing a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer at a rate of 110 kg / mu (approximately 73.7 kg / acre). This fertilizer was applied in three equal applications during the early-maturing peach tree's budding, pit hardening, and fruit enlargement stages. The application method involved digging a circular trench 10-15 cm deep and 10-15 cm wide around the tree canopy projection, evenly spreading the fertilizer in the trench, and then covering it with soil. After fertilization, watering was conducted according to soil moisture content; irrigation was necessary if the soil moisture content fell below 25%.

[0056] Table 6. Effects of applying No. II nail fertilizer

[0057]

[0058] Table 6 shows the experimental data for three consecutive years. It can be seen that the average single fruit weight of the No. II nail fertilizer treatment was 301.29g, and the average yield was 47462.91 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 13.44%, the average soluble solids content was 13.71%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 67.23 mg / kg. Under conventional fertilizer treatment, the average single fruit weight was 268.59 g, and the average yield was 42509.27 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 10.77%, the average soluble solids content was 11.31%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 43.73 mg / kg. All these indicators of the nail fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of the conventional fertilizer treatment. The average titratable acid content of the nail fertilizer treatment was 0.37%, and the average nitrate content was 26.07 mg / kg, while the average titratable acid content of the conventional fertilizer treatment was 0.48%, and the average nitrate content was 37.67 mg / kg, both significantly higher than those of the nail fertilizer treatment.

[0059] The above data show that the nail fertilizer treatment was superior to the control treatment in both yield and quality. Furthermore, during the three-year trial, the pH of the soil in the root zone of the peach trees treated with nail fertilizer showed a decreasing trend, indicating that nail fertilizer has a regulating and improving effect on the pH of calcareous soils, which is more conducive to the growth of peach trees.

[0060] Example 3:

[0061] Formula A (tip), Formula B (middle), and Formula C (apex) are taken at 38%, 27%, and 35% of the total weight of 200g of nail fertilizer, respectively. They are placed in a nail fertilizer mold (24cm in total length) with a 0.5mm diameter bamboo skewer at the center. Formulas A, B, and C are added to the mold in sequence from tip to tail. Then, pressure is applied to the top of the mold to compress the material to a length of 20cm. The material is then demolded to produce 200g of nail fertilizer (No. III nail fertilizer).

[0062] Fertilizer Application Trial: The trial was conducted from March 2020 to October 2022 in an orchard in Xiying Village, Yukou Town, Pinggu District, Beijing. At the start of the trial, the peach trees were 10 years old, of the late-maturing variety "Da Hong Guan," with a tree spacing of 1 m and a row spacing of 4 m. The experimental plot consisted of 12 rows, with 95 trees per row, oriented north-south. The soil pH was 7.75, and the fertility was moderate. The experimental plot was divided into two parts: the eastern 6 rows (Treatment III with nail fertilizer) received the fertilizer prepared in Example 1; the western 6 rows (Control Treatment) received the compound fertilizer commonly used in the orchard. The total fertilizer application rate was 130 kg / mu for both. Every year in late September, 2 tons / mu of commercial organic fertilizer was applied to the entire plot. The application method involved digging a 30 cm deep trench at the edge of the tree canopy's vertical projection, applying the fertilizer, covering it with soil, and watering.

[0063] Apply No. III nail fertilizer to the canopy projection area of ​​early-maturing peach trees before bud break, using a circular application method. The fertilizer should be pressed into the soil with weight until the tail end is level with the soil surface, or a 3cm diameter wooden or iron stick can be used to push the fertilizer 3-5cm into the soil. After fertilization, water according to the soil moisture content. If the soil moisture content is below 25%, irrigation is necessary.

[0064] The control group used local fertilization practices, employing a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer at a rate of 130 kg / mu (approximately 800 kg / acre). This fertilizer was applied in three equal applications during the early-maturing peach tree's budding, pit hardening, and fruit enlargement stages. The application method involved creating a circular trench 10-20 cm deep and 10-15 cm wide around the tree canopy projection, evenly spreading the fertilizer in the trench, and then covering it with soil. After fertilization, watering was conducted according to soil moisture content; irrigation was necessary if the soil moisture content fell below 25%.

[0065] Table 7. Effects of applying No. III nail fertilizer

[0066]

[0067] Table 7 shows the experimental data for three consecutive years. It can be seen that the average single fruit weight of the No. III nail fertilizer treatment was 337.36g, and the average yield was 38081.58 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 13.41%, the average soluble solids content was 13.46%, and the average reduced vitamin C content was 126.03 mg / kg. Under conventional fertilizer treatment, the average single fruit weight was 291.94 g, and the average yield was 34560.30 kg / hm². 2The average soluble sugar content was 11.03%, the average soluble solids content was 11.17%, and the average reduced vitamin C content was 99.53 mg / kg. All of these indicators for the nail fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those for the conventional fertilizer treatment. The average titratable acid content of the nail fertilizer treatment was 0.40%, and the average nitrate content was 26.74 mg / kg, while the average titratable acid content of the conventional fertilizer treatment was 0.53%, and the average nitrate content was 42.42 mg / kg, both significantly higher than those of the nail fertilizer treatment.

[0068] The above data show that the nail fertilizer treatment was superior to the control treatment in both yield and quality. Furthermore, during the three-year trial, the pH of the soil in the root zone of the peach trees treated with nail fertilizer showed a decreasing trend, indicating that nail fertilizer has a regulating and improving effect on the pH of calcareous soils, which is more conducive to the growth of peach trees.

Claims

1. A special nail fertilizer for peach trees suitable for calcareous soils in northern regions, comprising a high-nitrogen formula at the top, a high-phosphorus and high-potassium formula in the middle, and a high-potassium formula at the bottom; The mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the high-nitrogen formulation at the tip are 34:4:5; the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the high-phosphorus and high-potassium formulation at the middle are 9:11:24; and the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the high-potassium formulation at the end are 6:2:

39. The potassium humate content of the nail fertilizer is ≥8%; When the peach tree is an early-maturing variety, and the weight of the nail fertilizer is 100g, the mass ratio of the high-nitrogen formula at the tip, the high-phosphorus and high-potassium formula in the middle section, and the high-potassium formula at the end is 0.35:0.3:0.

35. When the peach tree is a mid-maturing variety, and the weight of the nail fertilizer is 150g, the mass ratio of the high-nitrogen formula at the tip, the high-phosphorus and high-potassium formula in the middle section, and the high-potassium formula at the end is 0.36:0.32:0.

32. When the peach tree is a late-maturing variety, and the weight of the nail fertilizer is 200g, the mass ratio of the high-nitrogen formula at the tip, the high-phosphorus and high-potassium formula in the middle section, and the high-potassium formula at the end is 0.38:0.27:0.

35. The nail is 10cm to 20cm long, cylindrical in shape, with a side length of 3cm and a pointed tip in the shape of a four-sided pyramid. The nail fertilizer has a biodegradable organic material arranged in its center, which gives the fertilizer a certain mechanical strength. The nail fertilizer is made from the following raw materials: Urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium humate, trace elements, sulfur, and adhesives; The adhesive is a mixture of oxidized starch adhesive and magnesium phosphate adhesive in a mass ratio of 1:

1. The trace elements include iron, zinc, manganese, boron, titanium, copper, and molybdenum.

2. The application of the nail fertilizer as described in claim 1 in peach tree-specific fertilizer for calcareous soil; Apply the aforementioned nail fertilizer before the peach trees sprout in spring, at a rate of 90-130 kg per mu; Apply the nail fertilizer at equal intervals along the tree canopy projection; The end of the nail fertilizer is level with or slightly below the soil surface.

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