A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system

Abstract

The present invention provides a BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system, which belongs to the field of tunnel construction monitoring and solves the problems of the tunnel construction monitoring system that cannot be visualized, digitized, and clearly monitored. It includes a front-end application layer, a device application layer, a service layer, a platform layer, a data layer, a data source, and a hardware layer. The front-end application layer includes a PC terminal, a mobile terminal, and a BIM visualization screen; the device application layer includes a safety risk management application, a quality management application, a progress management application, and a construction guidance application; the platform layer is a BIM management cloud platform, and the database of the data layer includes but is not limited to a security database, a construction management database, and a basic database; the data source includes but is not limited to a hidden danger investigation standard, a full-factor inspection standard, a mobile inspection terminal, a temperature and vibration sensor, a work site video, and a DCS; the present invention realizes visual dynamic supervision of the entire construction process; realizes information management automation; realizes project display digitization; and realizes production target clarity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction monitoring, and relates to a BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel engineering is my country's infrastructure. Tunnel engineering is an underground project with hidden, complex and unpredictable characteristics. The engineering geology and hydrogeology around the tunnel and in front of the face are of great importance to the quality and safety of tunnel construction. Poor geological conditions can easily cause tunnel collapse and mud and water gushing, which not only brings great technical difficulties to tunnel construction, but also often causes casualties, equipment losses, and construction delays due to sudden accidents, resulting in huge economic losses. It is necessary to carry out full-process monitoring during the construction process to ensure the safe and smooth progress of tunnel construction. The existing monitoring methods for tunnel construction are relatively simple, the degree of intelligence is not high enough, and the safety risk prediction is not timely enough.

[0003] Traditional manual monitoring methods can no longer meet today's construction safety needs, and due to the special linear construction characteristics of tunnel construction, it is urgent to establish an intelligent management model for smart tunnel construction. However, the existing tunnel construction monitoring system cannot achieve visualization, management automation, data display and clear production goals.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology and propose a BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is: how to achieve effective monitoring of construction process visualization, information management automation, project display digitization, and production target clarification during tunnel construction.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system comprises a front-end application layer, a device application layer, a service layer, a platform layer, a data layer, a data source and a hardware layer, wherein the front-end application layer comprises a PC, a mobile terminal and a BIM visualization screen; the device application layer comprises a safety risk management application, a quality management application, a progress management application and a construction guidance application; the service interface of the service layer comprises but is not limited to HTTP, Web Service and XML; the platform layer is a BIM management cloud platform, and the BIM visualization screen is connected to the BIM management cloud platform through the service layer; the database of the data layer comprises but is not limited to a security database, a construction management database and a basic database; the data source comprises but is not limited to a hidden danger investigation standard, a full-factor inspection standard, a mobile inspection terminal, a temperature and vibration sensor, a work site video and a DCS; the hardware layer comprises but is not limited to a gas detector, a video surveillance, a fire alarm, a temperature and humidity monitoring, an IP phone, an exhaust subsystem, a personnel positioning subsystem, a fire alarm, a drainage subsystem, a data communication base, a door access subsystem and an infrared thermal imager arranged in the construction tunnel site environment.

[0008] The working principle of the present invention is to use BIM management cloud platform technology to establish a three-dimensional digital model of the tunnel, and combine the hardware layer, service layer, front-end application layer, equipment application layer and other technologies to monitor various parameters in the tunnel construction process in real time, such as displacement, settlement, stress, temperature, humidity, etc. The database of the data layer collects, transmits, processes and analyzes these data, and then performs data classification and data storage, data preprocessing, data cleaning, historical data comparison, risk anomaly detection, trend mining and analysis, to provide detailed data support for later project evaluation and accident investigation, and can timely discover safety hazards in the construction process, provide decision-making support for construction management personnel, and ensure the safety and smooth progress of tunnel construction.

[0009] The quality management application submits quality problems and locates them through BIM software, associates the problem list with the three-dimensional model and GIS coordinates, checks quality problems and automatically initiates processes, process tracking and quality problem statistics, collects disposal measures and builds a quality management knowledge base, and finally achieves automatic matching of disposal measures and knowledge output when problems are discovered;

[0010] The progress management application imports the visual progress in Project or Excel format, obtains the actual progress through the construction log and the real-time data of the system-integrated shield machine, realizes the comparison between the visual progress and the actual progress, and completes on time, ahead of schedule, or delayed completion, analyzes and handles the abnormal situations that occur, and ensures that the project is completed on schedule;

[0011] The construction guidance application can detect important safety hazard nodes in advance and deal with them in advance by real-time viewing of the spatiotemporal relationship between the shield machine position and the surrounding karst development; the main functions realized are geological semi-permeable / solid viewing, geological sectioning of the excavation face, measuring the distance between the current position of the shield machine and the three nearest caves, querying the karst volume of a certain distance and comparing and analyzing it with grouting data.

[0012] The security database includes but is not limited to a risk information database, a hidden danger investigation standard database and an inspection standard database; the construction management database includes but is not limited to engineering inspection, supervision log, instrument inspection, equipment inspection, construction log, air integrated inspection, equipment intelligent diagnosis and job site monitoring; the basic database includes but is not limited to industrial data, monitoring data, video monitoring, equipment data, GIS data, FGS data and intelligent diagnosis;

[0013] The BIM management cloud platform uses BIM software to establish a three-dimensional digital model, which includes but is not limited to a tunnel structure model, a monitoring environment model and a construction equipment model; the real-time data obtained from hardware layer monitoring is associated with the BIM management cloud platform to achieve visual display and query of data, realize three-dimensional visual simulation of the construction process, simulate the deformation and stress state of the tunnel at different construction stages, intuitively understand the construction state of the tunnel, optimize the construction plan, improve construction efficiency and quality, and the operating status of the construction equipment; the information of the three-dimensional digital model is not limited to geometric shape, material properties and structural design.

[0014] The real-time monitoring and data acquisition method collects various parameter data in the tunnel construction process in real time through the hardware layer to form a data source; the collected data source is uploaded to the data layer in real time through the service layer transmission technology;

[0015] After receiving the sensor data, the data layer performs preprocessing and data cleaning, and then performs data classification and data storage.

[0016] The data processing methods of the data layer include but are not limited to data preprocessing, data cleaning, historical data comparison, risk anomaly detection, trend mining and analysis, providing detailed data support for later engineering evaluation and accident investigation.

[0017] The submodules of risk anomaly detection include a risk classification control module, a hidden danger investigation and management module and an external collaboration module. The risk classification control module performs classification processing on risks; the hidden danger investigation and management module automatically determines the safety risks in the tunnel construction process through a preset warning threshold, and can analyze and identify potential risk areas, which include but are not limited to ground deformation or crack generation, complex mechanical operation areas, high-altitude operations and material stacking; virtual scenes are created through three-dimensional digital models, accident simulation drills are conducted, and the effectiveness of emergency plans is tested. Once an abnormal situation or potential risk is found, the system can immediately issue an early warning message, which includes but is not limited to sound and light alarms and text message notifications, to remind construction management personnel to take corresponding emergency measures to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents; the external collaboration module communicates and collaborates with meteorological and environmental departments to promptly understand information related to severe weather and electromagnetic interference, and take corresponding preventive measures to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0018] The emergency measures include but are not limited to rapid assessment of the scope of the accident, reasonable planning of emergency evacuation routes, and the location of fire-fighting equipment and rescue supplies;

[0019] The preset warning threshold can automatically adjust the monitoring parameters and warning threshold through intelligent algorithms and machine learning technology to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of monitoring;

[0020] The environmental monitoring data includes but is not limited to PM2.5, PM10, humidity, noise, surface subsidence, displacement, water level, temperature, air pressure, cave wall deformation information and load distribution information.

[0021] By adopting the above structure, the environmental monitoring data can be used to evaluate the impact of construction activities on the environment, providing a scientific basis for environmental protection and governance.

[0022] It also includes a personnel management subsystem and a project collaboration subsystem. The personnel management subsystem is a positioning subsystem based on UWB and RFID technology, which can realize real-time positioning of personnel, vehicles and construction machinery on the construction site. The positioning information includes but is not limited to the identity information and location information of the personnel, the license plate information, owner information and location information of the vehicle, and the type information, ownership information and location information of the construction machinery. The BIM management cloud platform monitors the location and activities of the workers in real time. If abnormal behavior or operation beyond expectations is found, the personnel management subsystem will immediately remind the relevant personnel and adjust the safety measures in time.

[0023] The above structure will help managers better understand the distribution of personnel and equipment on the construction site, improve construction safety and management efficiency; through the visualization of data analysis results and BIM models, it will provide decision-making support for construction managers, optimize construction plans and improve construction efficiency.

[0024] The project collaboration subsystem provides a collaborative working platform for various BIM units and participants of the tunnel construction monitoring system to share information through the same BIM management cloud platform, ensure the accuracy and consistency of information, and improve decision-making efficiency. Various BIM units and participants can share data and information through the BIM management cloud platform, communicate and collaborate in real time, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel construction monitoring; the BIM units include but are not limited to the owner, design unit, construction unit, third-party inspection unit, measurement unit, supervision unit and equipment unit; the participants include but are not limited to BIM units, construction parties and third parties.

[0025] Adopting the above structure, collaborative management and information sharing: BIM management cloud platform provides a collaborative working platform for all participants in the tunnel construction monitoring system.

[0026] The BIM visualization screen of the BIM management cloud platform, the interface of the BIM software on the PC and mobile terminal include a list area, a main screen display area and a data display area. The list area is located on the side of the main screen display area and the data display area. The management items in the list area include project overview, environmental monitoring, project progress, project milestones, production days, safety monitoring, monitoring alarms, personnel management, demolition and requisition management, ledger reports and system management; the interface of the BIM software on the mobile terminal also includes a quality inspection reporting interface, and its positioning is not limited to GIS positioning, code scanning association positioning, and component tree selection positioning.

[0027] The main display area of ​​personnel management shows the map positions for people and vehicles.

[0028] By adopting the above structure, through macro data analysis, using two-dimensional icons or three-dimensional simulation and other forms, the data of various links and various management elements of the construction process can be more intuitively displayed to support the management of units at all levels; safety hazard handling, project commencement and acceptance, statistics on major engineering quantities and completion progress of roadbeds, bridges, tunnels, etc., project investment, measurement completion progress and other data.

[0029] The pressure monitoring device is equidistantly arranged between two adjacent groups of pipe segments in the tunnel according to the detection requirements. The pressure monitoring device includes two cross beams, side connecting beams are fixed on both sides of the cross beams, and a longitudinal beam is fixed between the two side connecting beams on the same side. Support frames are provided at the upper ends of the side connecting beams, the cross beams and the longitudinal beams, and a top support frame is fixed at the upper end of the support frame. Side support frames are hinged on both sides of the top support frame, and an opening and closing pneumatic push rod is hinged between the top support frame and the side support frame. Hydraulic support cylinders and side pneumatic push rods are hinged between the longitudinal beam and the side support frame on the same side, and a lifting and lowering adjustment support is provided at the lower end of the side connecting beam.

[0030] By adopting the above structure, a top support frame and a side support frame of suitable size are selected according to the size of the tunnel. The lifting and adjusting support is placed at the bottom of the tunnel. The lifting and adjusting support drives the side connecting beam to be lifted and lowered, thereby driving the cross beam to be lifted and lowered, that is, driving the supporting frame to be lifted and lowered, thereby driving the top support frame to be lifted and lowered. When in use, the top support frame is driven to rise, and the top support frame is against the top wall of the tunnel. At the same time, the pneumatic push rod, the hydraulic support cylinder and the side pneumatic push rod are coordinated to open the side support frame on the same side, so that the side support frame is against the top wall of the tunnel. The pressure monitoring device can be used together with the two adjacent groups of segments of the tunnel to monitor the pressure changes of the completed tunnel.

[0031] A plurality of pressure sensors 1 are fixed on the outer arc-shaped walls of the top support frame and the side support frame, a plurality of pressure sensors 2 are fixed on the outer side walls on both sides of the top support frame and the side support frame, the pressure sensors 1 and 2 respectively contact the side walls of the tunnel, and a plurality of pressure sensors 3 are provided on the lifting and adjusting support, and the pressure sensors 3 contact the tunnel ground.

[0032] With the above structure, after the support is completed, pressure sensor 1 and pressure sensor 2 are respectively in contact with the side wall of the tunnel, and the initial pressure of pressure sensor 1 and pressure sensor 2 is used as the benchmark. If the pressure change exceeds a certain range, it indicates that there is a hidden danger in the tunnel, and it should be reported in time for relevant staff to clean up.

[0033] The lifting and adjusting support includes a sleeve rod, which is fixed at the lower end of the side connecting beam at the corresponding position. A sliding sleeve rod is slidably arranged inside the sleeve rod. A lifting hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the sliding sleeve rod and the sleeve rod. The lifting hydraulic cylinder is located inside the sliding sleeve rod and the sleeve rod. A plurality of pressure sensors are fixed on the lower bottom plate of the sliding sleeve rod.

[0034] With the above structure, the extension and retraction of the lifting hydraulic cylinder drives the sliding sleeve rod to slide inside the sleeve rod, that is, the sleeve rod is lifted and lowered relative to the sliding sleeve rod, which is used to drive the side connecting beam to lift and lower and adjust the height of the pressure monitoring device; a number of pressure sensors are in contact with the bottom of the tunnel, and the initial pressure of the pressure sensor is used as the reference. If the pressure change exceeds a certain range, it indicates that there is a hidden danger in the tunnel, and it is reported in time for relevant staff to clean up.

[0035] The supporting frame includes two side brackets, each of which is fixed above two cross beams. A fixed base is fixed to the upper end of each side bracket, and a top supporting frame is fixed to the upper end of the two fixed bases. Two transverse connecting rods arranged perpendicular to the two side brackets are fixed between the two side brackets. An inclined reinforcing connecting rod is fixed inside the side brackets. An inclined side reinforcing frame is fixed between the side bracket and the side connecting beam and longitudinal beam on the same side.

[0036] The above structure is stable and has good supporting function. It can play a good supporting role when collapse and other problems occur. The supporting frame can also be installed with other tunnel mechanical or electrical equipment, such as ventilation fans, to meet the use of the tunnel.

[0037] Compared with the existing technology, this BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system has the following advantages:

[0038] Realize visualization of the construction process, associate and integrate construction data with BIM models and data layers through the platform layer, build a BIM-based visualization engineering management platform, and realize visualized dynamic supervision of the entire construction process;

[0039] Realize information management automation, apply BIM technology to the management of tunnel construction, and increase the frequency of project staff using information software to participate in projects, which is conducive to promoting the efficient and orderly completion of project progress;

[0040] To realize the digitization of project display, the platform conducts statistical analysis on the data collected by the corresponding system, quickly establishes a construction site portrait, and presents the real-time situation of construction site personnel, equipment, materials, environment, etc.

[0041] To achieve clarity in production goals, with the help of the platform, production goals can be clearly set, risk warnings can be timely, and corrective measures can be appropriate, effectively supporting the performance of safety and quality management duties and responsibilities, and ensuring the smooth achievement of safety and quality goals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a structural framework diagram of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the system integration process of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the BIM software interface in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the personnel management interface of the BIM software interface in the present invention.

[0046] Figure 5 It is a quality inspection schematic diagram of the BIM software interface of the mobile terminal in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the pressure monitoring device in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 7 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the pressure monitoring device in the present invention.

[0049] In the figure, 1. lifting and adjusting support; 2. side connecting beam; 3. cross beam; 4. support frame; 5. opening and closing pneumatic push rod; 6. side support frame; 7. top support frame; 8. pressure sensor one; 9. hydraulic support cylinder; 10. pressure sensor two; 11. side pneumatic push rod; 12. lifting hydraulic cylinder; 13. sliding sleeve rod; 14. sleeve rod; 15. side bracket; 16. reinforcing connecting rod; 17. cross connecting rod; 18. fixed base; 19. longitudinal beam; 20. pressure sensor three; 21. side reinforcing frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0051] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system includes a front-end application layer, a device application layer, a service layer, a platform layer, a data layer, a data source and a hardware layer. The front-end application layer includes a PC, a mobile terminal and a BIM visualization screen; the device application layer includes a safety risk management application, a quality management application, a progress management application and a construction guidance application; the service interface of the service layer includes but is not limited to HTTP, Web Service and XML; the platform layer is a BIM management cloud platform, and the BIM visualization screen is connected to the BIM management cloud platform through the service layer; the database of the data layer includes but is not limited to a security database, a construction management database and a basic database; the data source includes but is not limited to hidden danger investigation standards, full-factor inspection standards, mobile inspection terminals, temperature and vibration sensor equipment, work site videos and DCS; the hardware layer includes but is not limited to gas detectors, video surveillance, fire alarms, temperature and humidity monitoring, IP phones, exhaust subsystems, personnel positioning subsystems, fire alarms, drainage subsystems, data communication bases, access control subsystems and infrared thermal imagers set up in the construction tunnel site environment.

[0052] The BIM management cloud platform technology is used to establish a three-dimensional digital model of the tunnel, and combined with the hardware layer, service layer, front-end application layer, equipment application layer and other technologies, various parameters in the tunnel construction process, such as displacement, settlement, stress, temperature, humidity, etc., are monitored in real time. The database of the data layer collects, transmits, processes and analyzes these data, and then classifies and stores them, performs data preprocessing, data cleaning, historical data comparison, risk anomaly detection, trend mining and analysis, providing detailed data support for later project evaluation and accident investigation, and can timely discover safety hazards in the construction process, provide decision-making support for construction management personnel, and ensure the safety and smooth progress of tunnel construction.

[0053] The quality management application submits quality issues and locates them through BIM software. The problem list is associated with the 3D model and GIS coordinates. Quality issues are checked and processes, process tracking and quality issue statistics are automatically initiated. Disposal measures are collected and a quality management knowledge base is built, ultimately achieving automatic matching of disposal measures and knowledge output when problems are discovered.

[0054] The progress management application imports the visual progress in Project or Excel format, obtains the actual progress through the construction log and the real-time data of the system-integrated shield machine, realizes the comparison between the visual progress and the actual progress, and analyzes and handles the abnormal situations that occur to ensure the project is completed on schedule;

[0055] The construction application is guided by real-time viewing of the spatiotemporal relationship between the shield machine position and the surrounding karst development, so as to discover important safety hazard nodes in advance and deal with them in advance; the main functions are geological semi-permeable / solid viewing, geological sectioning of the excavation face, measuring the distance between the current position of the shield machine and the three nearest caves, querying the karst volume of a certain distance and comparing and analyzing it with the grouting data.

[0056] The safety database includes but is not limited to the risk information database, the hidden danger investigation standard database and the inspection standard database; the construction management database includes but is not limited to engineering inspection, supervision log, instrument inspection, equipment inspection, construction log, air integrated inspection, equipment intelligent diagnosis and operation site monitoring; the basic database includes but is not limited to industrial data, monitoring data, video monitoring, equipment data, GIS data, FGS data and intelligent diagnosis;

[0057] The BIM management cloud platform uses BIM software to establish a three-dimensional digital model, which includes but is not limited to the tunnel structure model, monitoring environment model and construction equipment model; the real-time data obtained from hardware layer monitoring is associated with the BIM management cloud platform to achieve visual display and query of data, realize three-dimensional visual simulation of the construction process, simulate the deformation and stress state of the tunnel at different construction stages, intuitively understand the construction status of the tunnel, optimize the construction plan, improve construction efficiency and quality, and the operating status of construction equipment; the information of the three-dimensional digital model is not limited to geometric shape, material properties and structural design.

[0058] The real-time monitoring and data acquisition method collects various parameter data in the tunnel construction process in real time through the hardware layer to form a data source; the collected data source is uploaded to the data layer in real time through the service layer transmission technology;

[0059] After receiving the sensor data, the data layer performs preprocessing and data cleaning before classifying and storing the data in the database;

[0060] The data processing methods at the data layer include but are not limited to data preprocessing, data cleaning, historical data comparison, risk anomaly detection, trend mining and analysis, providing detailed data support for subsequent engineering evaluation and accident investigation.

[0061] The submodules of risk anomaly detection include risk classification control module, hidden danger investigation and management module and external collaboration module. The risk classification control module performs risk classification processing; the hidden danger investigation and management module automatically determines the safety risks in the tunnel construction process through the preset warning threshold, and can analyze and identify potential risk areas, which include but are not limited to ground deformation or crack generation, complex mechanical operation areas, high-altitude operations and material stacking; virtual scenes are created through three-dimensional digital models, accident simulation drills are carried out, and the effectiveness of emergency plans are tested. Once abnormal conditions or potential risks are found, the system can immediately issue warning information, which includes but is not limited to sound and light alarms and SMS notifications, to remind construction management personnel to take corresponding emergency measures to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents; the external collaboration module communicates and collaborates with meteorological and environmental departments to promptly understand information related to severe weather and electromagnetic interference, and take corresponding preventive measures to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0062] Emergency measures include but are not limited to rapid assessment of the scope of the accident, reasonable planning of emergency evacuation routes, and the location of fire-fighting equipment and rescue supplies;

[0063] The preset warning threshold can automatically adjust the monitoring parameters and warning threshold through intelligent algorithms and machine learning technology to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of monitoring;

[0064] Environmental monitoring data includes but is not limited to PM2.5, PM10, humidity, noise, surface subsidence, displacement, water level, temperature, air pressure, cave wall deformation information and load distribution information.

[0065] Environmental monitoring data can be used to assess the impact of construction activities on the environment and provide a scientific basis for environmental protection and governance.

[0066] It also includes a personnel management subsystem and a project collaboration subsystem. The personnel management subsystem is a positioning subsystem based on UWB and RFID technology, which can realize real-time positioning of personnel, vehicles and construction machinery on the construction site. The positioning information includes but is not limited to the identity information and location information of the personnel, the license plate information, owner information and location information of the vehicle, and the type information, ownership information and location information of the construction machinery. The BIM management cloud platform monitors the location and activities of the workers in real time. If abnormal behavior or operation beyond expectations is found, the personnel management subsystem will immediately remind the relevant personnel and adjust the safety measures in time.

[0067] It helps managers to better understand the distribution of personnel and equipment on the construction site, improve construction safety and management efficiency; through the visualization of data analysis results and BIM models, it provides decision-making support for construction managers, optimizes construction plans and improves construction efficiency.

[0068] The project collaboration subsystem provides a collaborative working platform for various BIM units and participants of the tunnel construction monitoring system to share information through the same BIM management cloud platform, ensure the accuracy and consistency of information, and improve decision-making efficiency. Various BIM units and participants can share data and information through the BIM management cloud platform, communicate and collaborate in real time, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel construction monitoring; BIM units include but are not limited to owners, design units, construction units, third-party inspection units, measurement units, supervision units and equipment units; participants include but are not limited to BIM units, construction parties and third parties.

[0069] Collaborative management and information sharing: The BIM management cloud platform provides a collaborative working platform for all participants in the tunnel construction monitoring system.

[0070] The BIM visualization screen of the BIM management cloud platform, the interface of the BIM software on the PC and mobile terminals includes a list area, a main screen display area and a data display area. The list area is located on the side of the main screen display area and the data display area. The management items in the list area include project overview, environmental monitoring, project progress, project milestones, production days, safety monitoring, monitoring alarms, personnel management, demolition and requisition management, ledger reports and system management; the interface of the BIM software on the mobile terminal also includes a quality inspection reporting interface, and its positioning is not limited to GIS positioning, code scanning association positioning, and component tree selection positioning.

[0071] Through macro data analysis, using two-dimensional icons or three-dimensional simulations, the data of various links and management elements of the construction process can be more intuitively displayed to support the management of units at all levels; safety hazard handling, project commencement and acceptance, statistics on major tunnel engineering quantities and completion progress, project investment, measurement completion progress and other data.

[0072] The pressure monitoring device is equidistantly arranged between two adjacent groups of pipe segments of the tunnel according to the detection requirements. The pressure monitoring device includes two cross beams 3, side connecting beams 2 are fixed on both sides of the cross beam 3, and a longitudinal beam 19 is fixed between the two side connecting beams 2 on the same side. Support frames 4 are provided at the upper ends of the side connecting beams 2, the cross beams 3 and the longitudinal beams 19, and a top support frame 7 is fixed at the upper end of the support frame 4. Side support frames 6 are hinged on both sides of the top support frame 7, and an opening and closing pneumatic push rod 5 is hinged between the top support frame 7 and the side support frame 6. Hydraulic support cylinders 9 and side pneumatic push rods 11 are hinged between the longitudinal beam 19 and the side support frame 6 on the same side, and a lifting and lowering adjustment support 1 is provided at the lower end of the side connecting beam 2.

[0073] According to the size of the tunnel, a top support frame 7 and a side support frame 6 of suitable size are selected, and the lifting and adjusting support 1 is placed at the bottom of the tunnel. The lifting and adjusting support 1 drives the side connecting beam 2 to rise and fall, thereby driving the cross beam 3 to rise and fall, that is, driving the supporting frame 4 to rise and fall, thereby driving the top support frame 7 to rise and fall. When in use, the top support frame 7 is driven to rise, and the top support frame 7 is against the top wall of the tunnel. At the same time, the opening and closing pneumatic push rod 5, the hydraulic support cylinder 9 and the side pneumatic push rod 11 cooperate to open the side support frame 6 on the same side, so that the side support frame 6 is against the top wall of the tunnel. The pressure monitoring device can be used together with the two adjacent groups of pipe segments of the tunnel in the later stage to monitor the pressure changes of the completed tunnel.

[0074] A plurality of pressure sensors 1 8 are fixed on the outer arc-shaped walls of the top support frame 7 and the side support frame 6, and a plurality of pressure sensors 2 10 are fixed on the outer side walls on both sides of the top support frame 7 and the side support frame 6. The pressure sensors 1 8 and 2 10 respectively contact the side walls of the tunnel. A plurality of pressure sensors 3 20 are provided on the lifting and adjusting support 1, and the pressure sensors 3 20 contact the tunnel ground.

[0075] After the support is completed, pressure sensor 1 8 and pressure sensor 2 10 are respectively pressed against the side wall of the tunnel. The initial pressure of pressure sensor 1 8 and pressure sensor 2 10 is used as the benchmark. If the pressure change exceeds a certain range, it indicates that there is a hidden danger in the tunnel. It should be reported in time and the relevant staff will clean it up.

[0076] The lifting and adjusting support 1 includes a sleeve rod 14, which is fixed at the lower end of the side connecting beam 2 at the corresponding position. A sliding sleeve rod 13 is slidably provided inside the sleeve rod 14. A lifting hydraulic cylinder 12 is provided between the sliding sleeve rod 13 and the sleeve rod 14. The lifting hydraulic cylinder 12 is located inside the sliding sleeve rod 13 and the sleeve rod 14. A plurality of pressure sensors 20 are fixed on the lower bottom plate of the sliding sleeve rod 13.

[0077] The extension and retraction of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 12 drives the sliding sleeve rod 13 to slide inside the sleeve rod 14, that is, the sleeve rod 14 is lifted and lowered relative to the sliding sleeve rod 13, which is used to drive the side connecting beam 2 to lift and lower and adjust the height of the pressure monitoring device; a number of pressure sensors 3 20 are in contact with the bottom of the tunnel, and the initial pressure of the pressure sensor 3 20 is used as the reference. If the pressure change exceeds a certain range, it indicates that there is a hidden danger in the tunnel, and it should be reported in time for relevant staff to clean up.

[0078] The supporting frame 4 includes two side brackets 15, each of which is fixed above the two cross beams 3. A fixed base 18 is fixed to the upper end of the side brackets 15. The top support frame 7 is fixed to the upper end of the two fixed bases 18. Two transverse connecting rods 17 vertically arranged therebetween are fixed therebetween. An inclined reinforcing connecting rod 16 is fixed inside the side bracket 15. An inclined side reinforcing frame 21 is fixed between the side bracket 15 and the side connecting beam 2 and the longitudinal beam 19 on the same side.

[0079] The structure is stable and has good supporting function. It can play a good supporting role when collapse and other problems occur. The support frame 4 can also be installed with other tunnel mechanical or electrical equipment, such as ventilation fans, to meet the use of the tunnel.

[0080] In summary, the construction process is visualized, and the construction data is associated and integrated with the BIM model and data layer through the platform layer, and a BIM-based visual engineering management platform is built to achieve visual dynamic supervision of the entire construction process;

[0081] Realize information management automation, apply BIM technology to the management of tunnel construction, and increase the frequency of project staff using information software to participate in projects, which is conducive to promoting the efficient and orderly completion of project progress;

[0082] To realize the digitization of project display, the platform conducts statistical analysis on the data collected by the corresponding system, quickly establishes a construction site portrait, and presents the real-time situation of construction site personnel, equipment, materials, environment, etc.

[0083] To achieve clarity in production goals, with the help of the platform, production goals can be clearly set, risk warnings can be timely, and corrective measures can be appropriate, effectively supporting the performance of safety and quality management duties and responsibilities, and ensuring the smooth achievement of safety and quality goals.

[0084] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system, comprising a front-end application layer, a device application layer, a service layer, a platform layer, a data layer, a data source and a hardware layer, characterized in that: The front-end application layer includes PC, mobile terminal and BIM visualization screen; the device application layer includes safety risk management application, quality management application, progress management application and construction guidance application; the service interface of the service layer includes but is not limited to HTTP, Web Service and XML; the platform layer is a BIM management cloud platform, and the BIM visualization screen and the BIM management cloud platform are connected through the service layer; the database of the data layer includes but is not limited to security database, construction management database and basic database; the data source includes but is not limited to hidden danger investigation standards, full-factor inspection standards, mobile inspection terminals, temperature and vibration sensor equipment, work site video and DCS; the hardware layer includes but is not limited to gas detectors, video surveillance, fire alarms, temperature and humidity monitoring, IP phones, exhaust subsystems, personnel positioning subsystems, fire alarms, drainage subsystems, data communication bases, access control subsystems and infrared thermal imagers and several pressure monitoring devices set up in the construction tunnel site environment; The pressure monitoring device is equidistantly arranged between two adjacent groups of segments of the tunnel according to the detection requirements. The pressure monitoring device includes two cross beams, side connecting beams are fixed on both sides of the cross beams, a longitudinal beam is fixed between the two side connecting beams on the same side, a supporting frame is provided at the upper ends of the side connecting beams, the cross beams and the longitudinal beams, a top supporting frame is fixed at the upper end of the supporting frame, side supporting frames are hinged on both sides of the top supporting frame, an opening and closing pneumatic push rod is hinged between the top supporting frame and the side supporting frame, a hydraulic support cylinder and a side pneumatic push rod are hinged between the longitudinal beam and the side supporting frame on the same side, and a lifting and lowering adjustment support is provided at the lower end of the side connecting beam; A plurality of pressure sensors 1 are fixed on the outer arc-shaped walls of the top support frame and the side support frame, a plurality of pressure sensors 2 are fixed on the outer side walls of both sides of the top support frame and the side support frame, the pressure sensors 1 and 2 are respectively in contact with the side walls of the tunnel, and a plurality of pressure sensors 3 are provided on the lifting and adjusting support, and the pressure sensors 3 are in contact with the tunnel ground; The lifting and adjusting support includes a sleeve rod, the sleeve rod is fixed to the lower end of the side connecting beam at the corresponding position, a sliding sleeve rod is slidably arranged inside the sleeve rod, a lifting hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the sliding sleeve rod and the sleeve rod, the lifting hydraulic cylinder is located inside the sliding sleeve rod and the sleeve rod, and a plurality of pressure sensors are fixed on the lower bottom plate of the sliding sleeve rod; The supporting frame includes two side brackets, each of which is fixed above two cross beams. A fixed base is fixed at the upper end of each side bracket, and a top supporting frame is fixed at the upper end of the two fixed bases. Two cross-connecting rods vertically arranged thereto are fixed between the two side brackets. An inclined reinforcing connecting rod is fixed inside the side bracket on the cross-connecting rods. An inclined side reinforcing frame is fixed between the side bracket and the side connecting beam and longitudinal beam on the same side.

2. A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quality management application submits quality problems and locates them through BIM software, associates the problem list with the three-dimensional model and GIS coordinates, checks quality problems and automatically initiates processes, process tracking and quality problem statistics, collects disposal measures and builds a quality management knowledge base, and finally achieves automatic matching of disposal measures and knowledge output when problems are discovered; The progress management application imports the visual progress in Project or Excel format, obtains the actual progress through the construction log and the real-time data of the system-integrated shield machine, realizes the comparison between the visual progress and the actual progress, and completes on time, ahead of schedule, or delayed completion, analyzes and handles the abnormal situations that occur, and ensures that the project is completed on schedule; The construction guidance application can detect important safety hazard nodes in advance and deal with them in advance by real-time viewing of the spatiotemporal relationship between the shield machine position and the surrounding karst development; the main functions realized are geological semi-permeable / solid viewing, geological sectioning of the excavation face, measuring the distance between the current position of the shield machine and the three nearest caves, querying the karst volume of a certain distance and comparing and analyzing it with grouting data.

3. A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The security database includes but is not limited to a risk information database, a hidden danger investigation standard database and an inspection standard database; the construction management database includes but is not limited to engineering inspections, supervision logs, instrument inspections, equipment inspections, construction logs, integrated air inspections, equipment intelligent diagnosis and work site monitoring; the basic database includes but is not limited to industrial data, monitoring data, video surveillance, equipment data, GIS data, FGS data and intelligent diagnosis.

4. A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The BIM management cloud platform uses BIM software to establish a three-dimensional digital model, which includes but is not limited to a tunnel structure model, a monitoring environment model and a construction equipment model; the real-time data obtained from hardware layer monitoring is associated with the BIM management cloud platform; the information of the three-dimensional digital model is but is not limited to geometric shapes, material properties and structural design.

5. A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring and data acquisition method collects various parameter data in the tunnel construction process in real time through the hardware layer to form a data source; the collected data source is uploaded to the data layer in real time through the service layer transmission technology; After receiving the sensor data, the data layer performs preprocessing and data cleaning, and then performs data classification and data storage. The data processing methods of the data layer include but are not limited to data preprocessing, data cleaning, historical data comparison, risk anomaly detection, trend mining and analysis.

6. A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The submodules of risk anomaly detection include a risk classification control module, a hidden danger investigation and management module and an external collaboration module. The risk classification control module performs classification processing on risks; the hidden danger investigation and management module automatically determines the safety risks in the tunnel construction process through a preset warning threshold, and can analyze and identify potential risk areas, which include but are not limited to ground deformation or crack generation, complex mechanical operation areas, high-altitude operations and material stacking; virtual scenes are created through three-dimensional digital models, accident simulation drills are conducted, and the effectiveness of emergency plans is tested. Once an abnormal situation or potential risk is found, the system can immediately issue an early warning message, which includes but is not limited to sound and light alarms and text message notifications, to remind construction management personnel to take corresponding emergency measures to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents; the external collaboration module communicates and collaborates with meteorological and environmental departments to promptly understand information related to severe weather and electromagnetic interference, and take corresponding preventive measures to ensure the normal operation of the system.

7. A BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The emergency measures include but are not limited to rapid assessment of the scope of the accident, reasonable planning of emergency evacuation routes, and the location of fire-fighting equipment and rescue supplies; The preset warning threshold can automatically adjust the monitoring parameters and warning threshold through intelligent algorithms and machine learning technology to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of monitoring; Environmental monitoring data includes but is not limited to PM2.5, PM10, humidity, noise, surface subsidence, displacement, water level, temperature, air pressure, cave wall deformation information and load distribution information.

8. The BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a personnel management subsystem and a project collaboration subsystem. The personnel management subsystem is a positioning subsystem based on UWB and RFID technology, which can realize real-time positioning of personnel, vehicles and construction machinery on the construction site. The positioning information includes but is not limited to the identity information and location information of the personnel, the license plate information, owner information and location information of the vehicle, and the type information, ownership information and location information of the construction machinery. The BIM management cloud platform monitors the location and activities of the workers in real time. If abnormal behavior or operation beyond expectations is found, the personnel management subsystem will immediately remind the relevant personnel and adjust the safety measures in time.

9. The BIM-based tunnel construction monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The project collaboration subsystem provides a collaborative working platform for various BIM units and participants of the tunnel construction monitoring system to share information through the same BIM management cloud platform, ensure the accuracy and consistency of information, and improve decision-making efficiency. Various BIM units and participants can share data and information through the BIM management cloud platform, communicate and collaborate in real time, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel construction monitoring; the BIM units include but are not limited to the owner, design unit, construction unit, third-party testing unit, supervision unit and equipment unit; the participants include but are not limited to the construction party and the third party; The BIM visualization screen of the BIM management cloud platform, the interface of the BIM software on the PC and mobile terminal include a list area, a main screen display area and a data display area. The list area is located on the side of the main screen display area and the data display area. The management items in the list area include project overview, environmental monitoring, project progress, project milestones, production days, safety monitoring, monitoring alarms, personnel management, demolition and requisition management, ledger reports and system management; the interface of the BIM software on the mobile terminal also includes a quality inspection reporting interface, and its positioning is not limited to GIS positioning, code scanning association positioning, and component tree selection positioning.

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