A method for automatically generating a photovoltaic building form module and energy consumption simulation method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of photovoltaic building shape modular automatic generation method and energy consumption simulation method, by generating a certain number of module units randomly in three-dimensional grid, and deriving support structure around it, whether the combination mode of module unit meets actual design requirement by control condition judgment, finally quickly form a series of effective building shape control parameters, its method includes the following steps: 1) establish the modular automatic generation model of building shape, and generate the control parameter of building shape in batches;2) the shape control parameter generated is imported into parameterized modeling platform, and establishes the 3D model of building shape;3) establish the photovoltaic integrated building energy consumption model considering shelter;4) using batch energy consumption simulation method, the net energy consumption of building energy consumption model is calculated one by one, and the calculation result is automatically recorded;5) the building shape model is visualized and displayed, and the building energy consumption simulation result is output, for scheme comparison and optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building energy-saving design, and in particular to a modular automatic generation method for photovoltaic building forms and an energy consumption simulation method. Background Art

[0002] In energy-efficient building design, computer-aided design (CAD) is often used to simulate the energy consumption of building forms. Constructing a building form that meets design requirements is a critical step. Currently, in the field of energy-efficient building design and engineering, a variety of building forms need to be constantly designed and constructed. Traditionally, this approach involves manual modeling and energy consumption calculations, followed by design modifications based on the results. This traditional architectural design method requires significant time and labor costs, and it is difficult to flexibly adjust the building form.

[0003] In pursuit of visual aesthetics, future public buildings are increasingly focusing on diverse and personalized architectural forms, integrating them with low-carbon design concepts and prioritizing low energy consumption. Therefore, it is even more crucial to fully integrate the building envelope with distributed photovoltaic systems to achieve a comprehensive reduction in net building energy consumption (building energy consumption minus photovoltaic energy production), thereby achieving the goals of efficient energy utilization and energy conservation and emission reduction. When simulating energy consumption of a building's form, changes in its shape can cause shading in certain areas of the building, a phenomenon known as "self-shading." This impact on both the building's energy consumption and the actual photovoltaic energy production cannot be ignored. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to save design time, the present invention first provides a modular automatic generation method of photovoltaic building forms based on the design needs of diversified building forms. The method can automatically generate building forms of specified scales and flexibly adjust the parameters of the module to control the generated building form and scale to meet personalized design requirements.

[0005] In addition, the present invention also provides an energy consumption simulation method for the generated photovoltaic building form, which provides an effective tool and optimization basis for building energy-saving design and has high practicality and applicability.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned first object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A modular automatic generation method for a photovoltaic building form, wherein the building form is formed by combining multiple rectangular module units of the same size, and the generation method of the building form comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1) Set the modular unit combination rules according to the design requirements, initialize the 3D grid, set the site grid size and the target number of modular units that constitute the building form;

[0009] Step 2) Randomly select initial control points to generate a module unit with a unit length of 1;

[0010] Step 3) Randomly generate new module units around the generated module units to ensure that each module unit is connected to at least one module unit;

[0011] Step 4) Determine whether the generated combination shape in step 3) is suspended, if there is a suspension, then generate new module units at the lower part of the suspended module units to form the support connecting the building to the ground, and then re-execute step 3); if there is no suspension, then execute step 5);

[0012] Step 5) Determine whether the number of module units in the generated combination shape is consistent with the set number, if not, then remove the excess module units and re-execute step 4), if consistent, then execute step 6);

[0013] Step 6) Calculate the unit surface area of the outer envelope structure in each direction of the generated combination shape;

[0014] Step 7) Save the generated module unit control point coordinate list and the unit surface area of the outer envelope structure in each direction;

[0015] Step 8) Input the design dimensions of the module unit length, width, and height, adjust the module unit size of the combination shape generated in step 5) according to the input design dimensions, and obtain a 3D model of the photovoltaic building shape.

[0016] Further, in step 4), the suspension judgment of the combination shape is performed using a depth-first search algorithm, and for the suspended combination shape, the method of supplementing the support to the ground is as follows: if the overhang is greater than 2 unit lengths, then generate new candidate control points within a range of 2 unit lengths from the old control points, and supplement new module units.

[0017] Further, in step 6), the calculated unit surface area of the outer envelope structure of the combination shape includes the roof area A Roof , the ground area A Floor , the west facade area A West , the east facade area A East , the south facade area A South , and the north facade area A NorthWhen determining whether it is an external protective structure, it is judged whether the adjacent interfaces of each module unit are "overlapping" or "contacting with the air". If the judgment result is "contacting with the air", it is an "external protective structure".

[0018] Furthermore, in step 8), the length, width and height of the building are L、W、H The control point of each module unit position of the building shape is its lower left corner three-dimensional coordinate P i ( X , Y , Z ), the coordinate value is the coordinate of the module unit control point with a unit length of 1 generated in step 5) p i ( x , y , z ) are multiplied by the set length, width, and height respectively, and the calculation method is as follows: X = x * L, Y = y * W, Z = z * H .

[0019] Based on the photovoltaic building form generated above, the present invention also discloses the following energy consumption simulation method, and takes into account the influence of building surface shading during the simulation process.

[0020] A method for simulating energy consumption of photovoltaic building forms includes the following steps: constructing a photovoltaic integrated building form energy consumption model, inputting simulation boundary conditions and then simulating the energy consumption of the building body; calculating the energy consumption of the building body during simulation; E body Calculate the solar radiation shielding rate SF of the building's exterior envelope surface, and use the SF calculation result as the input condition for the actual photovoltaic energy production prediction to calculate the actual photovoltaic power generation on the building surface. E PV , and finally calculate the net energy consumption of the building itself E net , E net = E body - E PV .

[0021] Furthermore, the energy consumption of the building E body = E 1+ E 2+ E 3+ E4. Unit is kWh / m 2 ,in, E 1 is the heating energy consumption, E 2 is the cooling energy consumption, E 3 is lighting energy consumption, E 4 is the energy consumption of the equipment.

[0022] Furthermore, the solar radiation shielding rate SF is calculated as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the above formula, after the building surfaces are meshed, on a certain calculation grid, I r is the total amount of solar radiation received throughout the year when there is no obstruction, I s is the total amount of solar radiation when there is shading.

[0025] Furthermore, the E PV = E Roof + E facade , unit is kWh / m 2 ,in, E Roof The total amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels installed on the building roof. E facade The total amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels installed on the facades of the building in all directions. E Roof = e Roof * (1- SF Roof )* A Roof ,in, e Roof is the photovoltaic energy produced per unit area of ​​the roof surface without any obstruction, SF Roof is the roof shading rate, A Roof is the total area of ​​the roof.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The method provided by the present invention can quickly generate modular building forms, saving design time and labor costs.

[0028] 2. The generated architectural form has a certain scale and stability, basically conforms to the actual design form, and is suitable for different scenarios and needs.

[0029] 3. By adjusting parameters, the form and scale of the generated architectural structure can be flexibly controlled to meet the user's personalized needs.

[0030] 4. It can be applied to architectural design, simulation analysis and other fields, and has broad application prospects and market potential.

[0031] 5. The energy consumption simulation takes into account the impact of power generation loss caused by the building being blocked, which improves the output accuracy of the building net energy consumption simulation results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] 图1 Flowchart of the modular automatic generation and energy consumption simulation method of photovoltaic building forms in the embodiment;

[0033] 图2 Schematic diagram of four architectural forms composed of 20 modular units through four arrangements and combinations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] This embodiment discloses a modular automatic generation and energy consumption simulation method for photovoltaic building forms, wherein the building form is composed of multiple rectangular module units with the same size, such as 图2 The example of a building form shown in the figure uses 20 modular units to form four different forms of building forms (a), (b), (c), and (d) respectively through four different combinations. This modular approach to forming building forms has greater design flexibility and freedom, and can meet the design requirements of architectural design for rich form changes and distributed photovoltaic system installation. Therefore, this embodiment mainly focuses on how to automatically generate such building form structures in batches, and how to simulate batch energy consumption in the case of self-shading of the form. 图1 The method shown in the figure includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 1) Design a modular automatic generation program for building forms and generate control parameters of building forms in batches;

[0037] In this step, a modular automatic generation program for building forms is established based on the Python language. The generated "building form" is composed of ideal modular units with a unit length equal to 1. The constraints of the modular unit combination rules are set according to the design requirements. The site grid size and the number of target modular units are input. Random modular unit combinations are automatically generated and feasible solutions that meet the constraints are screened to achieve diversified changes in the building form combination methods. The control parameters of the building form (the control point coordinates of the modular units) and the unit surface area of ​​the external protective structure in each direction are batch generated. The generated control parameters are used as the input conditions of step 2).

[0038] Specifically, a modular automatic generation program for building forms is designed as follows. The program can be applied to fields such as architectural design, simulation analysis, and renewable energy utilization potential prediction, providing users with fast and flexible building form design solutions.

[0039] Step S11: Initialize the three-dimensional grid, set the site grid size and the target number of module units.

[0040] Step S12: Randomly select an initial point and use it as the control point of the lower left corner of the module unit, generate a module unit with a unit length of 1, and mark it as an occupied module unit B 0.

[0041] Step S13: In the existing module unit B Randomly generate new occupied module units around 0 B 1, B 2… B n , and ensure that each module unit is connected to at least one other module unit nearby to avoid isolated module units.

[0042] Step S14: Use the depth-first search algorithm to determine whether the generated combined shape is overhanging. If the overhang is greater than 2 unit lengths, generate new candidate control points within a range of 2 unit lengths from the old control points and add new module units. B 1-1… B j , used to form the support connecting the building and the ground.

[0043] Step S15: remove the module units that exceed the set number, and repeat step S14 for judgment until the generated combined shape meets the requirements and contains the specified number of module units.

[0044] Step S16: Calculate the unit area of ​​the external protective structure of each orientation of the generated building form, including the roof ( A Roof ),ground(A Floor )、West facade( A West )、East facade( A East )、South facade( A South ) and the north facade ( A North ). It is necessary to first determine whether the adjacent interfaces of each module unit overlap or are in contact with the air. If they are in contact with the air, they are "external protective structures". The area calculation method of the external protective structure in each direction is as follows. Taking the area of ​​the external protective structure in the south as an example, ,in a i The unit area of ​​the exterior envelope of each module unit facing south and exposed to air is calculated. This result will be used in subsequent calculations of actual photovoltaic energy production and can also serve as reference data to assist in optimizing building form.

[0045] Step S17: Write the generated coordinate list of each control point of the module unit and the unit area of ​​the external protective structure in each direction into a file for subsequent calculation.

[0046] Step 2) Design a module unit size editing and parametric modeling program, import the building form control parameters generated in step 1) into the parametric modeling program, and thus construct a 3D model of the building form.

[0047] Specifically, the shape control parameters generated in Python are imported into the Grasshopper platform running on the Rhino environment. The length, width and height of the building module are set according to the actual design requirements, the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points are generated and the 3D model of the modular building shape is established. L , W , H Indicates that the control point of each module unit position is the three-dimensional coordinate of its lower left corner P i ( X , Y , Z ), the coordinate value is the coordinate of the module unit control point with a unit length of 1 generated in step 1) p i ( x , y , z ) are multiplied by the set length, width and height respectively. The calculation method is as follows: X = x * L, Y = y * W, Z = z* H .

[0048] Step 3) Constructing a photovoltaic integrated building energy consumption model considering shading;

[0049] In summary, a photovoltaic integrated building energy consumption model is established in Grasshopper: boundary conditions such as meteorological, thermal parameters, and energy consumption patterns are input to generate the Energyplus energy consumption model and simulate the energy consumption of the building itself. The solar radiation simulation component of ladybug is used to calculate the solar radiation shading rate of the building's exterior envelope surface, and used as the input condition for the prediction of the actual photovoltaic energy production. The photovoltaic power generation calculation component of ladybug is used to simulate the photovoltaic energy production capacity of the building surface under unobstructed conditions, and the actual photovoltaic energy production under obstructed conditions is calculated through formulas.

[0050] The net energy consumption of a building is calculated as follows:

[0051] Step S31: Building energy consumption E body Including heating energy consumption E 1. Refrigeration energy consumption E 2. Lighting energy consumption E 3 and equipment energy consumption E 4, among which E body = E 1+ E 2+ E 3+ E 4. Unit is kWh / m 2 ;

[0052] Step S32: Grid division is established for each surface of the building. On a certain calculation grid, the shielding amount is the total amount of solar radiation received throughout the year when there is no shielding ( I r ) minus the solar radiation when there is shading ( I s ), the shielding amount of each grid can be calculated. The total amount of shielding on a building surface facing a certain direction is the integral of all grids. The shielding rate SF is the ratio of the solar radiation received by a building surface due to shielding to the solar radiation received without shielding throughout the year. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Step S33: Photovoltaic power generation on the building surface E PV In order to consider the total amount of power generated by photovoltaic panels installed on the building roof and facades in all directions when the building is self-shading, E PV = ERoof + E facade , unit is kWh / m 2 .

[0055] in, E Roof = e Roof * (1- SF Roof )* A Roof

[0056] In the above formula, e Roof is the photovoltaic energy production per unit area of ​​the roof surface without shading, which is simulated by the photovoltaic power generation calculation component in ladybug; A Roof is the total area of ​​the roof, calculated in step S16. E facade It is the sum of the photovoltaic energy production of the facades in each direction. The calculation principle of the photovoltaic energy production of the facade in each direction is the same as that of the roof.

[0057] Step S34: Building net energy consumption E net = E body - E PV , unit is kWh / m 2 .

[0058] Step 4) Use the Anemone plug-in to establish a batch energy consumption simulation method. This method can create the 3D model of the shape generated in step 2) and the energy consumption model in step 3) one by one, and input them into the energy consumption simulation program for calculation. The energy consumption simulation results of each building shape are automatically recorded. Specifically:

[0059] Step S41: A loop program is established through the Anemone plug-in, which can input the coordinate list of each control point of the module unit generated in step 1) in sequence, and output the building form 3D model in step 2) and the energy consumption model in step 3) one by one;

[0060] Step S42: After completing the energy consumption calculation of a building model in S41, the energy consumption simulation result is automatically recorded, and then the next sequence number list is selected and step S41 is repeated.

[0061] Step 5) Visualize the building's 3D model, providing intuitive comparison options and corresponding energy consumption simulation data. Based on the simulation results of the building's energy consumption and photovoltaic production capacity, the building's form is optimized and adjusted to achieve the goal of reducing the building's net energy consumption.

[0062] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention belongs to the computer-aided design in the building form design and selection stage. It can quickly generate a visual building form and, combined with the building net energy consumption simulation results, provide an effective tool for building energy-saving design. It can meet the future public building's demand for rich shape changes and distributed photovoltaic system laying, and has high practicality and applicability.

[0063] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular automatic generation method for photovoltaic building forms, characterized by: The building form is formed by combining multiple rectangular module units of the same size. The method for generating the building form includes the following steps: Step 1) Set the modular unit combination rules according to the design requirements, initialize the 3D grid, set the site grid size and the target number of modular units that constitute the building form; Step 2) Randomly select the initial control point and generate a module unit with a unit length of 1; Step 3) Randomly generate new module units around the generated module units, ensuring that each module unit is connected to at least one module unit around it; Step 4) Determine whether the combined form generated in step 3) is suspended. If so, generate a new module unit below the suspended module unit to form a support connecting the building to the ground, and then re-execute step 3); if not, execute step 5); Step 5) Determine whether the number of module units in the generated combined shape is consistent with the set number. If not, remove the module units that exceed the number and re-execute step 4). If consistent, execute step 6); Step 6) Calculate the unit surface area of ​​the external protective structure of the generated composite shape in all directions; Step 7) Save the generated coordinate list of each control point of the module unit and the unit surface area of ​​the external protective structure in each direction; Step 8) Input the design dimensions of the length, width, and height of the module unit, and adjust the module unit dimensions of the combined shape generated in step 5) according to the input design dimensions to obtain a 3D model of the photovoltaic building shape.

2. The modular automatic generation method of photovoltaic building forms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), a depth-first search algorithm is used to determine whether the combined shape is suspended. For the suspended combined shape, the method for supplementing the ground surface support is as follows: if the overhang is greater than 2 unit lengths, a new candidate control point is generated within a range of 2 unit lengths from the old control point, and a new module unit is added.

3. The modular automatic generation method of photovoltaic building forms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), the unit surface area of ​​the outer envelope structure of the combined body is calculated to include the roof area. A Roof , ground area A Floor , West facade area A West , East facade area A East , South-facing facade area A South and north-facing facade area A North When determining whether it is an external protective structure, it is determined whether the adjacent interfaces of each module unit are "overlapping" or "contacting the air". If the judgment result is "contacting the air", it is an "external protective structure".

4. The modular automatic generation method of photovoltaic building forms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 8), the length, width and height of the building are L, W, H The control point of each module unit position of the building shape is its lower left corner three-dimensional coordinate P i ( X , Y , Z ), the coordinate value is the coordinate of the module unit control point with a unit length of 1 generated in step 5) p i ( x , y , z ) are multiplied by the set length, width, and height respectively, and the calculation method is as follows: X = x * L, Y = y * W, Z = z * H .

5. A method for simulating energy consumption of a photovoltaic building form generated by the modular automatic generation method of a photovoltaic building form according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Includes the following: Construct a photovoltaic integrated building energy consumption model, input the simulation boundary conditions and simulate the building energy consumption; calculate the building energy consumption during the simulation E body Calculate the solar radiation shielding rate SF of the building's exterior envelope surface, and use the SF calculation result as the input condition for the actual photovoltaic energy production prediction to calculate the actual photovoltaic power generation on the building surface. E PV , and finally calculate the net energy consumption of the building itself E net , E net = E body - E PV .

6. The method for simulating energy consumption of a photovoltaic building according to claim 5, characterized in that: The energy consumption of the building itself E body = E 1+ E 2+ E 3+ E 4. Unit is kWh / m 2 ,in, E 1 is the heating energy consumption, E 2 is the cooling energy consumption, E 3 is lighting energy consumption, E 4 is the energy consumption of the equipment.

7. The method for simulating energy consumption of a photovoltaic building according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solar radiation shielding rate SF is calculated as follows: In the above formula, after the building surfaces are meshed, on a certain calculation grid, I r is the total amount of solar radiation received throughout the year when there is no obstruction, I s is the total amount of solar radiation when there is shading.

8. The method for simulating energy consumption of a photovoltaic building according to claim 5, characterized in that: described E PV = E Roof + E facade , unit is kWh / m 2 ,in, E Roof The total amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels installed on the building roof. E facade The total amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels installed on the facades of the building in all directions. E Roof = e Roof * (1- SF Roof )* A Roof ,in, e Roof is the photovoltaic energy produced per unit area of ​​the roof surface without any obstruction, SF Roof is the roof shading rate, A Roof is the total area of ​​the roof.

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