Microwave millimeter wave three-frequency common aperture antenna

Abstract

The application provides a microwave and millimeter wave three-frequency common-aperture antenna, which comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate, a fourth dielectric plate, a fifth dielectric plate and a sixth dielectric plate; the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are each provided with a first metal layer, the first metal layer is provided with a rectangular patch and a ring-shaped patch, the rectangular patch and the ring-shaped patch are provided with a ring-shaped gap, and the rectangular patch and the ring-shaped patch are each provided with a first gap and a second gap in the form of a Chinese character; the fourth dielectric plate is provided with a second metal layer; the fifth dielectric plate is provided with a third metal layer, and the third metal layer is provided with an I-shaped gap; the sixth dielectric plate is provided with two feed source antennas, and the two feed source antennas work in two different millimeter wave frequency bands. The application combines a patch antenna and a transmission array antenna, utilizes the large frequency ratio characteristics of microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands, and integrates the two antennas in the same aperture surface through structural multiplexing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a microwave and millimeter wave three-frequency co-boresight antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, the working frequency of the communication system is moving towards a higher millimeter wave frequency band. However, the vigorous development of millimeter wave technology does not mean the complete withdrawal of the microwave frequency band. On the contrary, because the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands have their own advantages and disadvantages in communication methods, quality and purposes, the current mainstream research and development trend is to support two frequency bands of radio frequency signals in the same system, that is, the so-called microwave / millimeter wave coexistence. As an important component of the communication system, the antenna system often needs to have the ability of microwave / millimeter wave dual-band communication.

[0003] In order to efficiently realize microwave / millimeter wave dual-band, a co-boresight antenna is a commonly used technical solution at present. This solution combines two different types of antennas in a partial or complete structural reuse manner, thereby forming a composite antenna system. This solution can effectively reduce the size of the antenna system while ensuring the working performance of the antenna in the two frequency bands. In documents [1]-[4], patch / slab-integrated waveguide array, magnetic-electric dipole / loudspeaker, dipole / slab-integrated waveguide array, and planar inverted F antenna / dielectric resonator antenna structure reuse co-boresight antenna designs are respectively disclosed.

[0004] Although many microwave / millimeter wave co-boresight antenna designs have been proposed at present, most of them only work in two frequency bands, i.e., one microwave frequency band and one millimeter wave frequency band. However, there are many 5G millimeter wave frequency bands that have been divided, such as 26GHz, 39GHz, 43GHz, 52GHz, 77GHz, etc. If the dual-band or multi-band of the millimeter wave frequency band can be further realized on the basis of microwave / millimeter wave coexistence, the functionality and flexibility of the system can be greatly improved. However, there is relatively little research on this aspect at present. On the other hand, because the electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave frequency band have high propagation loss in the atmosphere, the antennas in this frequency band often need to form an antenna array to compensate for the propagation loss through high gain. In the reported documents, although many designs use an array scheme in the millimeter wave frequency band, the large feeding network of the antenna array also has the problems of high feeding loss, complexity, and high design difficulty.

[0005] [1] J. F. Zhang, Y. J. Cheng, Y. R. Ding and C. X. Bai, “A Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Antenna With Large Frequency Ratio, High Aperture Reuse Efficiency, and High Channel Isolation,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 853-860, Feb. 2019.

[0006] [2] Y. Cheng and Y. Dong, “Dual-Broadband Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for 5G Applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 7918-7923, Nov. 2021.

[0007] [3] F. Xiao, X. Lin and Y. Su, “Dual-Band Structure-Shared Antenna With Large Frequency Ratio for 5G Communication Applications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2339-2343, Dec. 2020.

[0008] [4] W.-W. Yang, X.-H. Ding, T.-W. Chen, L. Guo, W. Qin and J.-X. Chen, “A Shared-Aperture Antenna for (3.5, 28) GHz Terminals With End-Fire and Broadside Steerable Beams in Millimeter Wave Band,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 9101-9111, Oct. 2022. SUMMARY

[0009] In order to at least solve one of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application proposes a microwave millimeter wave three-frequency common aperture antenna which combines patch antennas and transmission array antennas, utilizes the large frequency ratio characteristics of microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands, and integrates the two antennas in the same aperture surface through structural multiplexing.

[0010] In order to achieve the object of the present application, the present application provides a microwave millimeter wave three-frequency common aperture antenna, which comprises a multilayer dielectric plate comprising a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate, a fourth dielectric plate, a fifth dielectric plate and a sixth dielectric plate arranged in order from top to bottom.

[0011] The first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are each provided with a first metal layer, the first metal layer is provided with a rectangular patch and an annular patch around the rectangular patch, an annular gap is arranged between the rectangular patch and the annular patch, and a first gap and a second gap in the form of a single line are periodically arranged within the area range of the rectangular patch and the annular patch, the second gap comprises two single-line gaps symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the first gap.

[0012] The fourth dielectric plate is provided with a second metal layer, and two first general through holes are formed in the fourth dielectric plate, and the structure on the second metal layer is the same as that of the first metal layer.

[0013] The fifth dielectric plate is provided with a third metal layer, and two second general through holes are formed in the fifth dielectric plate, and the third metal layer is provided with periodically arranged I-shaped gaps.

[0014] The sixth dielectric plate is provided with two feed antennas, the two feed antennas work in two different millimeter wave frequency bands, and the sixth dielectric plate is provided with a metal ground plate.

[0015] Further, it further comprises a support structure, and the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate, the fourth dielectric plate and the fifth dielectric plate are all supported and arranged on the support structure.

[0016] Further, it further comprises a dielectric support, and the fifth dielectric plate and the sixth dielectric plate are both located on the dielectric support, and the fifth dielectric plate and the sixth dielectric plate are located at different height positions.

[0017] Further, the dielectric support comprises an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate arranged oppositely, the fifth dielectric plate is located on the upper dielectric plate, and the sixth dielectric plate is located on the lower dielectric plate.

[0018] Further, the beam scanning of the millimeter wave frequency band is realized by changing the position of the sixth dielectric plate on the lower dielectric plate.

[0019] Further, the two feed antennas work in 26GHz and 39GHz frequency bands respectively.

[0020] Further, the two feed antennas are different in size.

[0021] Further, the two feed antennas are defined as a first feed antenna and a second feed antenna, the first feed antenna comprises a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and a first radiation patch connected in sequence, and the second feed antenna comprises a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line and a second radiation patch connected in sequence.

[0022] Further, the transmission phase is changed by changing the length of the first slot and the second slot.

[0023] Further, the I-shaped slot on the third metal layer constitutes a frequency selective surface, which behaves as a passband in the millimeter wave frequency band and behaves as a stopband in the microwave frequency band.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application can at least achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The co-aperture antenna in the present application adopts the mode of patch and transmission array multiplexing, and due to the spatial feed characteristics of the transmission array antenna, the present application has the advantages of no complex feed network, low feed loss, high gain, etc. in the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0026] (2) In the present application, the patch and the transmission array are in a completely multiplexed relationship in structure, so the present application has the advantage of high aperture multiplexing rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a microwave millimeter wave three-frequency co-aperture antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 2 is a side view of a microwave millimeter wave three-frequency co-aperture antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 3 is a top view of a first dielectric plate and a surface metal layer thereof provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 4 is a top view of a fourth dielectric plate and a surface metal layer thereof provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 5 is a top view of a fifth dielectric plate and a surface metal layer thereof provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 6 is a top view of a sixth dielectric plate and a surface metal layer thereof provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 7 is a design idea diagram of a microwave millimeter wave three-frequency co-aperture antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive array element in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the transmission phase and transmission coefficient variation of a transmissive array element in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the performance of a frequency selective surface element in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the S parameter performance of an antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the antenna pattern of an antenna operating at 3.6 GHz in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the antenna pattern of an antenna operating at 26 GHz in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the antenna pattern of an antenna operating at 39 GHz in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the antenna gain of an antenna in three frequency bands in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the beam scanning pattern of an antenna at 26 GHz in an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the beam scanning pattern of an antenna at 39 GHz in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0045] The present application provides a microwave millimeter wave three-frequency common-aperture antenna, whose overall view is shown in Figure 1 The coordinate system is established as follows: the x-axis and y-axis of the rectangular coordinate system are parallel to the two rectangular sides of the PCB board, and the maximum radiation direction of the array points to the z-axis. The entire antenna comprises a plurality of dielectric boards (PCB boards), a support structure 11 and a dielectric support 12. The side view of the antenna is shown in Figure 2As shown, the antenna has six layers of PCB boards, from top to bottom, they are the first dielectric plate 21, the second dielectric plate 22, the third dielectric plate 23, the fourth dielectric plate 24, the fifth dielectric plate 25 and the sixth dielectric plate 26, and the surfaces of each dielectric plate are provided with a metal layer. In some embodiments of the present application, the materials of the PCB boards used are Rogers 5880, the dielectric constant is 2.2, the loss tangent angle is 0.0009, the thicknesses of the first dielectric plate 21 to the sixth dielectric plate 26 are 0.254 mm, 0.254 mm, 0.254 mm, 0.254 mm, 0.254 mm and 0.508 mm respectively, the sizes are 86 mm x 86 mm, 86 mm x 86 mm, 86 mm x 86 mm, 86 mm x 86 mm, 130 mm x 130 mm and 44 mm x 24 mm respectively, and the plate spacings are 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm, 6.5 mm and 35.5 mm respectively.

[0046] The microwave band feed is a differential coaxial line, the feed port is port 1, the millimeter wave band feed is two independent coaxial lines, which are port 2 and port 3 respectively, port 1 is located below the fifth dielectric plate 25, and port 2 and port 3 are located on the sixth dielectric plate 26.

[0047] The top view of the first dielectric plate 21 and the first metal layer 31 provided on the surface thereof is shown in Fig. 1. Figure 3 As shown, the center of the first metal layer 31 is provided with a rectangular patch 32, the periphery of the rectangular patch 32 is provided with an annular patch 33, the rectangular patch 32 and the annular patch 33 are not connected, and are separated by an annular gap 34. Two first slits 35 and second slits 36 in the shape of "one" are arranged periodically in the area of the rectangular patch 32 and the annular patch 33, wherein the second slits 36 are two "one" shaped slits, symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the first slits 35. In some embodiments of the present application, the periods of the first slits 35 and the second slits 36 are both 6 mm, and they are arranged alternately.

[0048] The second dielectric plate 22, the third dielectric plate 23 and the first dielectric plate 21 are completely the same, and each is provided with a metal layer correspondingly. The metal layer on the surface of the second dielectric plate 22 and the third dielectric plate 23 is also completely the same as the first metal layer 31 on the surface of the first dielectric plate 21.

[0049] The top view of the fourth dielectric plate 24 and the second metal layer 41 provided on the surface thereof is shown in Fig. 4. Figure 4 As shown, two first general through holes 42 are provided on the fourth dielectric plate 24 for the inner core of the coaxial line to pass through, and the structure of the second metal layer 41 is the same as that of the first metal layer 31.

[0050] The bottom view of the fifth dielectric plate 25 and the third metal layer 51 provided on the surface thereof is shown in Fig. 5. Figure 5As shown, two second ordinary through holes 52 are provided in the fifth dielectric plate 25 for the inner core of the coaxial line to pass through, and the third metal layer 51 is provided with periodically arranged "I"-shaped gaps 53. In some embodiments of the present invention, the period of the "I"-shaped gaps 53 is 6 mm.

[0051] The top view of the sixth dielectric plate 26 and the fourth metal layer provided on the surface thereof is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the sixth dielectric plate 26 is provided with two feed antennas: a first feed antenna 61 and a second feed antenna 62. The first feed antenna 61 comprises a first microstrip line 63, a second microstrip line 64, and a first radiating patch 65, which are connected in sequence. The second feed antenna 62 comprises a third microstrip line 66, a fourth microstrip line 67, and a second radiating patch 68, which are connected in sequence. The lower surface of the sixth dielectric plate 26 is entirely metal, namely the fourth metal layer, which serves as the metal floor of the patch antenna.

[0052] The first to fifth dielectric plates 21 to 25 are fixed by the supporting structure 11, and the fifth dielectric plate 25 and the sixth dielectric plate 26 are fixed by the dielectric bracket 12. Beam scanning in the millimeter wave frequency band is achieved by moving the fixed position of the sixth dielectric plate 26 on the dielectric bracket 12 along the x direction.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric support 12 includes two oppositely arranged dielectric plates and a support column located between the two dielectric plates. The two dielectric plates are defined as an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate. The fifth dielectric plate 25 is located on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate, the port 1 is located on the upper dielectric plate, and the sixth dielectric plate 26 is located on the surface of the lower dielectric plate.

[0054] In terms of working principle, the design evolution of antenna structure is as follows Figure 7 As shown, we first start from the initial structure of antenna 1, gradually improve the structure of antenna 2 and antenna 3, and finally propose the antenna design of the present invention, namely antenna 4. All antenna structures in this figure are shown in side view. Antenna 1 is a coaxial differential feed (i.e. port 1 + and port 1 -) is a traditional microstrip patch antenna. Antenna 2 is based on antenna 1, and three layers of identical rectangular patches are added at equal intervals just above the radiating patch. At the same time, an identical annular patch is added around each layer of rectangular patches. These three layers of rectangular patches and the annular patch can be regarded as parasitic structures of the radiating patch in antenna 1. For the multi-layer rectangular patches, since the spacing between each rectangular patch is very small (in some embodiments of the present invention, it is only 0.03λ0, λ0 is the wavelength in free space corresponding to 3.6GHz), after the introduction of the multi-layer rectangular patches, the radiation performance of the antenna is basically similar to that of antenna 1 and is not seriously affected. For the annular patch, the structure is added to each layer in order to increase the size of the transmission array surface and thus achieve high-gain radiation. Since the annular patch is separated from the surrounded rectangular patch by an annular gap and has no electrical connection, the annular patch exists in the form of a parasitic structure. They only affect the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna, and this effect can be adjusted by changing the width of the annular gap. To achieve structural reuse between the millimeter-wave transmission array antenna and the microwave patch antenna of the present invention, Antenna 3 is proposed. In this structure, two types of I-shaped slots are periodically arranged on multiple layers of rectangular and annular patches, forming the transmission array elements. Because the length and width of both slots are significantly smaller than λ0, they can be considered extremely small structures in the microwave band and do not significantly affect microwave performance. To achieve a suitable transmission array focal length, the metal floor of Antenna 3 is replaced with a frequency-selective surface with multiple I-shaped slots. This frequency-selective surface exhibits a passband in the millimeter-wave band and a stopband in the microwave band. Therefore, it allows electromagnetic waves in the millimeter-wave band to pass while reflecting those in the microwave band. Specifically, in the millimeter-wave band, electromagnetic waves are emitted from the feed source below, then pass through the frequency-selective surface and illuminate the array surface composed of the multi-layer patch structure. Finally, they are phase-modulated by the array surface and radiated into the atmosphere. In the microwave frequency band, the frequency selective surface acts as the metal floor of the patch antenna, and its working principle is the same as that of the traditional metal floor.

[0055] In the present invention, the millimeter wave frequency band is a dual-frequency transmission array antenna operating at 26GHz and 39GHz. The transmission array unit structure is as follows Figure 8 As shown, there is a first "I"-shaped gap 35 in the middle, with a length of L1, and second gaps 36 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first gap 35, with a length of L2. By changing the values ​​of the length parameters L1 and L2, the transmission phase can be changed. Figure 9As shown in the figure, when L1 changes from 4.3mm to 5.4mm, the unit transmission phase of the unit working at 26GHz can meet 360° phase coverage, while the unit transmission phase of the unit working at 39GHz has almost no change; when L2 changes from 3.0mm to 3.7mm, the unit transmission phase of the unit working at 39GHz can meet 360° phase coverage, while the unit transmission phase of the unit working at 26GHz has almost no change, which shows that the unit transmission phases of the two frequency bands have good independence. At the same time, the unit transmission losses of the two frequency bands are very small, and most of them are less than 1dB, so they can be used as units of a co-aperture dual-frequency transmission array antenna. Using the Fermat principle, the 26GHz units are arranged into an 11×11 array with a focal ratio of 0.6, and the 39GHz units are arranged into an 11×12 array with a focal ratio of 0.6. A patch antenna is used as the feed source of the transmission array antenna, and its structure is as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown, the first feed antenna 61 operates at 26 GHz, and the second feed antenna 62 operates at 39 GHz. The first feed antenna 61 is excited from port 2 and includes a first microstrip line 63, a second microstrip line 64, and a first radiating patch 65. The first microstrip line 63 is used to connect to the coaxial cable connector to ensure a 50Ω port impedance. The second microstrip line 64 is used to adjust impedance matching by changing its length and width. The first radiating patch 65 serves as the radiating structure of the first feed antenna 61. The second feed antenna 62 is excited from port 3. In principle, it is the same as the first feed antenna 61, but differs in size due to the different operating frequency. The operating frequency of the second feed antenna 62 is 39 GHz.

[0056] The performance of the frequency selective surface unit formed by the "I" shaped gap 53 on the third metal layer 51 is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, it can be seen that the reflection coefficient in the microwave frequency band is close to 0dB, indicating that the electromagnetic waves cannot pass through the metal layer 51. At the same time, the reflection phase is close to 180°, which is the same as the traditional metal floor. The transmission coefficient in the millimeter wave frequency band is close to 0dB, indicating that the electromagnetic waves can pass through the third metal layer 51 very well. Therefore, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source can pass through the third metal layer 51 and then irradiate the transmission array surface.

[0057] In terms of antenna performance, S parameters such as Figure 11 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that in the ranges of 3.57-3.63GHz, 25.1-26.7GHz and 37.0-41.0GHz, the antenna can achieve -10dB impedance matching. At the same time, the isolation between port 2 and port 3 is higher than 27dB, which means that the antenna can operate at 3.6GHz, 26GHz and 39GHz, and the port isolation is good. The directional patterns of 3.6GHz, 26GHz and 39GHz are shown as follows: Figure 12 、 Figure 13 and Figure 14It can be seen from the figure that the antenna has the characteristics of low sidelobe and low cross-polarization in three frequency bands, and the pattern performance is good. Figure 15 The figure shows the antenna gain in three frequency bands, and it can be seen that the peak gains in three frequency bands are 8.3dBi, 20dBi and 20.2dBi respectively, and combined with the pattern results, it shows that the antenna has good radiation performance, and the gain in each frequency band is stable. Figure 16 and Figure 17 The figures respectively show the beam scanning patterns of 26GHz and 39GHz, and under the condition of 3-dB gain scanning loss, the antenna can realize scanning angle ranges of ±25° and ±13° in two millimeter wave frequency bands respectively, and the scanning performance is good.

[0058] Most of the microwave / millimeter wave co-aperture antennas reported at present are dual-band, while the foregoing embodiments of the present application propose a three-frequency co-aperture antenna, which works in the form of a patch antenna at the microwave frequency band (3.6GHz), and works in the form of a transmissive array antenna at the millimeter wave frequency band (26GHz and 39GHz). Since the transmissive array antenna itself adopts a spatial feeding feeding mode, therefore, the antenna does not need a complex feeding network at the millimeter wave frequency band, and has the advantages of low feeding loss, high gain, etc. In addition, in the present application, the patch and the transmissive array are in a completely multiplexed relationship in structure, therefore, the present application has the advantage of high aperture multiplexing rate.

[0059] The above description of disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A microwave and millimeter wave triple-band common aperture antenna, characterized in that: The multilayer dielectric plate comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate, a fourth dielectric plate, a fifth dielectric plate and a sixth dielectric plate arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, and the third dielectric plate are each provided with a first metal layer, a rectangular patch is provided on the first metal layer, and an annular patch is provided around the rectangular patch, an annular gap is provided between the rectangular patch and the annular patch, and a first and a second straight-shaped gap are periodically provided within the area of ​​the rectangular patch and the annular patch, wherein the second gap includes two straight-shaped gaps symmetrically provided on the upper and lower sides of the first gap; The fourth dielectric plate is provided with a second metal layer and has two first common through holes, and the structure of the second metal layer is the same as that of the first metal layer; The fifth dielectric plate is provided with a third metal layer and has two second common through holes, and the third metal layer is provided with periodically arranged I-shaped gaps; Two feed antennas are provided on the sixth dielectric plate. The two feed antennas operate in two different millimeter wave frequency bands. A metal floor is provided on the sixth dielectric plate. Among them, the microwave frequency band is fed by a differential coaxial line, and the feeding port is port 1. The millimeter wave frequency band is fed by two independent coaxial lines, namely port 2 and port 3. Port 1 is located under the fifth dielectric plate, and port 2 and port 3 are located on the sixth dielectric plate.

2. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a supporting structure, and the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate, the fourth dielectric plate and the fifth dielectric plate are all supported and arranged on the supporting structure.

3. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises a medium support, on which the fifth medium plate and the sixth medium plate are both located, and the fifth medium plate and the sixth medium plate are located at different heights.

4. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The medium support comprises an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate which are arranged opposite to each other. The fifth medium plate is located on the upper medium plate, and the sixth medium plate is located on the lower medium plate.

5. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: Beam scanning in the millimeter wave frequency band is achieved by changing the position of the sixth dielectric plate on the lower dielectric plate.

6. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two feed antennas operate in the 26 GHz and 39 GHz frequency bands respectively.

7. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two feed antennas have different sizes.

8. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two feed antennas are defined as a first feed antenna and a second feed antenna. The first feed antenna includes a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, and a first radiation patch connected in sequence. The second feed antenna includes a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, and a second radiation patch connected in sequence.

9. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission phase in the millimeter wave frequency band is changed by changing the lengths of the first slot and the second slot.

10. The microwave-millimeter-wave triple-band common-aperture antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The I-shaped slots on the third metal layer form a frequency selective surface, which acts as a passband in the millimeter wave frequency band and as a stopband in the microwave frequency band.

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