Citrus growing method

Abstract

The application discloses a citrus planting method, a. Seedling stage, yellow soil and mushroom residue are mixed at a ratio of 1:1 to make a substrate, 28-hole container bags are used for false planting, and quick-acting fertilizer A is applied; b. Citrus sapling, after planting, a hole tray is used as a sink, quick-acting fertilizer A and urea are alternately applied from March to August; c. Citrus bearing tree, ① from February to March, quick-acting fertilizer B is applied for sprouting; ② from May to June, quick-acting fertilizer C is applied, and 3-5% water-soluble organic fertilizer B is added for flower and fruit preservation; ③ from late June to July, quick-acting fertilizer D is applied for fruit strengthening; and ④ from December to next January, quick-acting fertilizer A is applied after harvesting. The method can improve the soil acidity and alkalinity, improve the growth rate of citrus seedlings and the quality of fruits, is beneficial to the mechanized production of citrus in hilly areas in southern Hunan, and reduces the production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for cultivating fruit trees, and more particularly to a method for planting citrus. Background Technology

[0002] my country is one of the major citrus-growing countries, and the citrus industry, especially in southern Hunan, is one of the pillar industries of agriculture.

[0003] In the process of citrus cultivation, a large amount of compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer is usually applied to promote the growth of citrus.

[0004] However, existing planting methods have two drawbacks: most existing compound fertilizers are acidic and cannot improve soil pH, nor do they meet the nutrient ratio required for citrus growth. Excessive use often leads to soil acidification and a decline in fruit quality. In addition, the fertilization patterns required for citrus growth are not strictly followed. Traditional cultivation methods use organic fertilizers, which are generally applied in trenches with many types and frequency of application, often requiring a large amount of labor. This is also not conducive to mechanized citrus production in the hilly areas of southern Hunan and increases production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a citrus planting method that improves soil pH, increases the growth rate of citrus seedlings and fruit quality, which is conducive to the mechanized production of citrus in the hilly areas of southern Hunan and reduces production costs.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a citrus planting method.

[0007] a. During the seedling stage, mix yellow clay and mushroom residue in a 1:1 ratio to form a substrate. Transplant the seedlings in 28-cell containers. Apply quick-acting fertilizer A at 50g / plant, dissolved in water in a fertilizer container. Fertilize twice a month. After the organic fertilizer A has fully decomposed, sprinkle 10-20g on the surface of the substrate. Do not prune in the early stage to promote upright growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings reach a certain height, cover the main stem with a gray corrugated pipe at 0-40cm to reduce tillering. The quick-acting fertilizer A is made from the following components by weight: 40-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, and 30-45 parts potassium nitrate. The organic fertilizer A is made from the following components by weight: 30-50 parts organic matter, 10-25 parts Coptis chinensis straw, 25-60 parts mushroom residue, 1-3 parts chelated magnesium, and 5-8 parts chelated calcium. Use phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value to 7.

[0008] b. For young citrus trees, after planting, use seedling trays to create a water-filled pool. From March to August, apply quick-acting fertilizer A and urea alternately, 50-70g per tree per application, 2-3 times per month. When leaf deficiency symptoms appear, supplement with appropriate amounts of iron, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other micronutrient fertilizers.

[0009] c. Citrus fruit trees,

[0010] ① In February and March, apply quick-acting fertilizer B to promote bud break, 70g-80g per plant per application, 2-3 times per month; the quick-acting fertilizer B is made from the following components by weight: 40-60 parts urea, 8-15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 30-45 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 23-27:5-8:15-18.

[0011] ② In May and June, apply quick-acting fertilizer C and add 3-5% water-soluble organic fertilizer B to protect flowers and fruits. Apply 50-100g before flowering, and shake the flowers when about 80% of the flowers have withered. Spray the leaves with 0.2% urea and GA flower and fruit protection agent. The quick-acting fertilizer C is made from the following components by weight: 35-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, 35-60 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 17-25:8-10:15-18. The water-soluble organic fertilizer B is made from the following components by weight: 30-50 parts organic matter, 10-20 parts humic acid, 20-40 parts tobacco residue, 20-40 parts industrial sucrose, 1-5 parts mineral source, 5-18 parts calcium source, 1-10 parts fermentation agent, and adjust the pH value to 7 using phosphoric acid.

[0012] ③ From late June to July, apply quick-acting fertilizer D to promote fruit growth, adding 5% calcium and magnesium in a calcium-to-magnesium ratio of 16:3, 75g per plant per application, and 0.5kg of water-soluble organic fertilizer B per application, divided into 3 applications; the quick-acting fertilizer D is made from the following components by weight: 35-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, and 35-60 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-20:5-8:20-27; the calcium and magnesium fertilizer is chelated calcium and chelated magnesium, that is, calcium and magnesium sources are chelated to form water-soluble fertilizer with a calcium-to-magnesium ratio of 16:3;

[0013] ④ From December to January of the following year, apply quick-acting fertilizer A after harvest, 75g per plant per application, and water-soluble organic fertilizer B, 0.5kg per application, in 5 applications.

[0014] The organic matter is selected from one or more of animal manure, straw, mushroom residue, sugarcane bagasse, Chinese medicine residue, tea seed cake, and vegetable seed cake; the Chinese medicine residue is one or more of the resistant Coptis chinensis, ginseng, Forsythia suspensa, Angelica dahurica, and pearl.

[0015] The fermentation agent is selected from one or more of Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and yeast.

[0016] The calcium source is made from one or more of the following: dried shrimp, shell powder, animal bones, and quicklime.

[0017] The magnesium source is magnesite and magnesium sulfate.

[0018] The chelating agent is one or more of sorbitol, amino acids, and sucrose.

[0019] Using the method of this invention, different proportions of fast-acting fertilizers can be applied at different growth stages of citrus trees to improve the growth rate of citrus seedlings and provide targeted nutrient requirements. All types of fertilizers used can be directly applied in fertigation, reducing labor costs. Potassium nitrate replaces potassium sulfate, and the fertilizer pH is adjusted to 7, which can improve soil acidity and alkalinity. The addition of Chinese herbal medicine residues such as Coptis chinensis, ginseng, Forsythia suspensa, and Angelica dahurica, as well as chelated calcium made from dried shrimp, can enhance plant resistance to improve citrus resistance and fruit yield and quality.

[0020] This invention uses fertilizers and fertilization methods suitable for fertigation, which is beneficial for promoting mechanized citrus production in the hilly areas of southern Hunan and reducing production costs.

[0021] The applicant's research team conducted comparative experiments to observe the effects of using this method of quick-acting fertilizer on different growth stages of citrus.

[0022] Experiment 1

[0023] At Wanmu Fresh Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, the tested variety was citrus container seedlings; the testing period was from May 2023 to August 2023.

[0024] Experimental treatments: Treatment 1: Blank control (CK), culture soil; Treatment 2: 50g urea / plant; Treatment 3: 50g 15-15-15 compound fertilizer / plant, broadcast; Treatment 4: Yellow clay and mushroom residue mixed 1:1 as substrate, transplanted into 28-cell containers, 50g quick-acting fertilizer A / plant, dissolved in water in the fertilizer container before application, fertilized twice a month. After the organic fertilizer A is fully decomposed, 10g-20g is broadcast onto the substrate surface. The experimental results are shown in the table below. This method can improve the growth rate of citrus seedlings and shorten the seedling-to-fruiting period by one year.

[0025] name Process 1 Process 2 Process 3 Process 4 Number of summer shoot emergence 2 2 2 3 Average length of summer shoots (cm) 19 22 21 23 Crown width increased (cm) 38 44 42 69 Leaf length (mm) 70.21 88.32 87.82 94.86 Leaf width (mm) 44.54 46.08 46.79 47.92

[0026] Experiment 2

[0027] At Wanmu Fresh Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province; Tested variety: Citrus saplings, after planting; Time: October 2023 - June 2024.

[0028] Experimental treatments: CK: General planting method; Treatment: After planting, gray corrugated pipes were placed over the main stem from 0-40cm, and seedling trays were used to create a submerged pool. The experimental results are shown in the table below. This method can improve the growth rate of citrus.

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Experiment 3

[0032] Experimental site 1 was Wanmu Fresh Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province; Tested variety: Citrus saplings; Observation and recording period: March 2024 - June 2024.

[0033] Experimental treatments: Treatment 1: Blank control CK, yellow clay soil; Treatment 2: Urea 100g / plant; Treatment 3: 100g / plant of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer; Treatment 4: Quick-acting fertilizer B for bud break, 70-80g / plant / time, applied 2-3 times per month. The experimental results are shown in the table below. This method can improve the growth rate of citrus trees.

[0034] name Process 1 Process 2 Process 3 Process 4 Average length of spring shoots (cm) 12 16 16 18 Spring shoot thickness (mm) 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.1

[0035] Experimental site 2 was located at Cuixiang Cooperative, Yongxing County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province; the tested variety was citrus fruit-bearing trees; the observation and recording period was from March 2023 to June 2023. The experimental method was the same as above. The experimental results are shown in the table below. This method can improve the growth rate of citrus.

[0036] name Process 1 Process 2 Process 3 Process 4 Average length of spring shoots (cm) 10 15 14 17 Spring shoot thickness (mm) 3.2 3.6 3 4.2

[0037] Experiment 4

[0038] The experiment was conducted at Cuixiang Cooperative in Yongxing County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province; the tested variety was citrus; the observation and recording period was from May 2023 to December 2023.

[0039] Experimental treatments: CK: Spray with 920 fruit-setting agent when about 80% of the flowers have withered; Treatment: Apply quick-acting fertilizer C plus 3-5% water-soluble organic fertilizer B to promote flower and fruit retention. Apply 50-100g before flowering. Shake the flowers when about 80% have withered, and spray the leaves with 0.2% urea and GA fruit-setting agent. Other cultivation and management measures were the same. The experimental results are shown in the table below. Using this method can improve the yield and quality of citrus fruits.

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Experiment 5

[0043] This experiment used fast-acting fertilizer as a fruit-enhancing fertilizer.

[0044] The experiment was conducted at Cuixiang Cooperative in Yongxing County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province; the tested variety was citrus fruit trees; the observation and recording period was from June 2023 to December 2023.

[0045] Experimental treatments: CK: In early July, dig fertilization trenches and apply 0.5-1 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 18:5:26) and 5-10 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per plant; Treatment: Apply quick-acting fertilizer D to promote fruit growth, with 5% calcium and magnesium added, the calcium-magnesium ratio being 16:3, 75 g per plant per application, and 0.5 kg of water-soluble organic fertilizer B per application, applied in 3 applications.

[0046] Yields were calculated based on the yield of 5 trees, while other data were the average of 10 fruits tested after ripening. The experimental results are shown in the table below. This method can improve the yield and quality of citrus fruits; moreover, by adjusting the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio, the total application amount is reduced, fertilizer utilization is increased, and costs are saved.

[0047] name CK deal with Yield (kg / mu) 980 1120 Single fruit weight (g) 136.33 158.61 Fruit diameter (mm) 63.79 67.53 soluble solids 12.20 13.33 Titratable acid (%) 0.64 0.53

[0048] Experiment Six

[0049] The experiment was conducted at Cuixiang Cooperative in Yongxing County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province; the tested variety was citrus fruit trees; and the experiment took place from December 2022 to December 2023.

[0050] Experimental treatments: Treatment 1: Blank control (CK); Treatment 2: 5 kg / plant of commercial organic fertilizer; Treatment 3: 2 kg / plant of Wangcaihao water-soluble organic fertilizer; Treatment 4: 75 g / plant of quick-acting fertilizer A and 1 kg / plant of water-soluble organic fertilizer B, applied in 5 applications. The experimental results are shown in the table below. This method can improve the yield and quality of citrus fruits.

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] Comparative experiments have demonstrated that the method of this invention can overcome the defects of the prior art and achieve the purpose of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The method of the present invention will now be described in detail.

[0055] The citrus planting method of the present invention uses different fast-acting fertilizers at different growth stages of citrus.

[0056] a. During the seedling stage, mix yellow clay and mushroom residue in a 1:1 ratio to form a substrate. Transplant the seedlings in 28-cell containers. Apply quick-acting fertilizer A at 50g / plant, dissolved in water in a fertilizer container. Fertilize twice a month. After the organic fertilizer A has fully decomposed, sprinkle 10-20g on the surface of the substrate. Do not prune in the early stage to promote upright growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings reach a certain height, cover the main stem with a gray corrugated pipe at 0-40cm to reduce tillering. The quick-acting fertilizer A is made from the following components by weight: 40-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, and 30-45 parts potassium nitrate. The organic fertilizer A is made from the following components by weight: 30-50 parts organic matter, 10-25 parts Coptis chinensis straw, 25-60 parts mushroom residue, 1-3 parts chelated magnesium, and 5-8 parts chelated calcium. Use phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value to 7.

[0057] b. For young citrus trees, after planting, use seedling trays to create a water-filled pool. From March to August, apply quick-acting fertilizer A and urea alternately, 50-70g per tree per application, 2-3 times per month. When leaf deficiency symptoms appear, supplement with appropriate amounts of iron, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other micronutrient fertilizers.

[0058] c. Citrus fruit trees,

[0059] ① In February and March, apply quick-acting fertilizer B to promote bud break, 70g-80g per plant per application, 2-3 times per month; the quick-acting fertilizer B is made from the following components by weight: 40-60 parts urea, 8-15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 30-45 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 23-27:5-8:15-18.

[0060] ② In May and June, apply quick-acting fertilizer C and add 3-5% water-soluble organic fertilizer B to protect flowers and fruits. Apply 50-100g before flowering, and shake the flowers when about 80% of the flowers have withered. Spray the leaves with 0.2% urea and GA flower and fruit protection agent. The quick-acting fertilizer C is made from the following components by weight: 35-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, 35-60 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 17-25:8-10:15-18. The water-soluble organic fertilizer B is made from the following components by weight: 30-50 parts organic matter, 10-20 parts humic acid, 20-40 parts tobacco residue, 20-40 parts industrial sucrose, 1-5 parts mineral source, 5-18 parts calcium source, 1-10 parts fermentation agent, and adjust the pH value to 7 using phosphoric acid.

[0061] ③ From late June to July, apply quick-acting fertilizer D to promote fruit growth, adding 5% calcium and magnesium in a calcium-to-magnesium ratio of 16:3, 75g per plant per application, and 0.5kg of water-soluble organic fertilizer B per application, divided into 3 applications; the quick-acting fertilizer D is made from the following components by weight: 35-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, and 35-60 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-20:5-8:20-27; the calcium and magnesium fertilizer is chelated calcium and chelated magnesium, that is, calcium and magnesium sources are chelated to form water-soluble fertilizer with a calcium-to-magnesium ratio of 16:3;

[0062] ④ From December to January of the following year, apply quick-acting fertilizer A after harvest, 75g per plant per application, and water-soluble organic fertilizer B, 0.5kg per application, in 5 applications.

[0063] The organic matter is selected from one or more of animal manure, straw, mushroom residue, sugarcane bagasse, Chinese medicine residue, tea seed cake, and vegetable seed cake; the Chinese medicine residue is one or more of the resistant Coptis chinensis, ginseng, Forsythia suspensa, Angelica dahurica, and pearl.

[0064] The fermentation agent is selected from one or more of Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and yeast.

[0065] The calcium source is made from one or more of the following: dried shrimp, shell powder, animal bones, and quicklime.

[0066] The magnesium source is magnesite and magnesium sulfate.

[0067] The chelating agent is one or more of sorbitol, amino acids, and sucrose.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating citrus, characterized in that: a. During the seedling stage, mix yellow clay and mushroom residue in a 1:1 ratio to form a substrate. Transplant the seedlings in 28-cell containers. Apply quick-acting fertilizer A at 50g / plant, dissolved in water in a fertilizer container. Fertilize twice a month. After the organic fertilizer A has fully decomposed, sprinkle 10-20g on the surface of the substrate. Do not prune in the early stage to promote upright growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings reach a certain height, cover the main stem with a gray corrugated pipe at 0-40cm to reduce tillering. The quick-acting fertilizer A is made from the following components by weight: 40-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, and 30-45 parts potassium nitrate. The organic fertilizer A is made from the following components by weight: 30-50 parts organic matter, 10-25 parts Coptis chinensis straw, 25-60 parts mushroom residue, 1-3 parts chelated magnesium, and 5-8 parts chelated calcium. Use phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value to 7. b. For young citrus trees, after planting, use seedling trays to create a water-filled pool. From March to August, apply quick-acting fertilizer A and urea alternately, 50-70g per tree per application, 2-3 times per month. When leaf deficiency symptoms appear, supplement with iron, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other trace element fertilizers as appropriate. c. Citrus fruit trees, ① In February and March, apply quick-acting fertilizer B to promote bud break, 70g-80g per plant per application, 2-3 times per month; the quick-acting fertilizer B is made from the following components by weight: 40-60 parts urea, 8-15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 30-45 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 23-27:5-8:15-18. ② In May and June, apply quick-acting fertilizer C and add 3-5% water-soluble organic fertilizer B to protect flowers and fruits. Apply 50-100g before flowering, and shake the flowers after 80% of the flowers have withered. Spray the leaves with 0.2% urea and GA flower and fruit protection agent. The quick-acting fertilizer C is made from the following components in parts by weight: 35-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, 35-60 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 17-25:8-10:15-18. The water-soluble organic fertilizer B is made from the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts organic matter, 10-20 parts humic acid, 20-40 parts tobacco residue, 20-40 parts industrial sucrose, 1-5 parts mineral source, 5-18 parts calcium source, 1-10 parts fermentation agent, and adjust the pH value to 7 using phosphoric acid. ③ From late June to July, apply quick-acting fertilizer D to promote fruit growth, adding 5% calcium-magnesium fertilizer at a calcium-magnesium ratio of 16:3, 75g per plant per application, and 0.5kg of water-soluble organic fertilizer B per application, divided into 3 applications; the quick-acting fertilizer D is made from the following components by weight: 35-60 parts urea, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, and 35-60 parts potassium nitrate, with a suitable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-20:5-8:20-27; the calcium-magnesium fertilizer is chelated calcium and chelated magnesium, which is a water-soluble fertilizer formed by using a chelating agent to combine calcium and magnesium sources, with a calcium-magnesium ratio of 16:3; ④ From December to January of the following year, apply quick-acting fertilizer A after harvest, 75g per plant per application, and water-soluble organic fertilizer B, 0.5kg per application, in 5 applications.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic matter is selected from one or more of animal manure, straw, mushroom residue, sugarcane bagasse, Chinese medicine residue, tea seed cake, and vegetable seed cake; the Chinese medicine residue is one or more of the resistant Coptis chinensis, ginseng, Forsythia suspensa, Angelica dahurica, and pearl.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation agent is selected from one or more of Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and yeast.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calcium source is made from one or more of the following: dried shrimp, shell powder, animal bones, and quicklime.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnesium source is magnesite and magnesium sulfate.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chelating agent is one or more of sorbitol, amino acids, and sucrose.

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