A solid wood preservative and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of wood preservative, in particular to a solid wood preservative, a preparation method and application thereof. The first mixed solution obtained by mixing zinc acetate, a surfactant and water is mixed with the second mixed solution obtained by mixing borax and water, so that the wood preservative is prepared by a metathesis reaction. The wood preservative contains nanoscale zinc borate, which has a small particle size and can better enter and disperse in the wood. The wood preservative has obvious inhibitory effect on white rot fungi and brown rot fungi, and the treated preservative wood has strong preservative and insect prevention ability. The surfactant can improve the compatibility of nanoscale zinc borate with water, improve the impregnation performance, reduce the loss of preservative components, and strengthen the preservative and termite prevention performance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wood preservatives, in particular to a solid wood preservative and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] During storage, transportation, processing and use, wood is easily attacked by microorganisms and insects (termites). Among them, microorganisms can destroy the cell wall of wood, and insects such as termites can eat the lignin inside the wood, accelerate the decay of wood, and appear drilling, mold, decay, color change, etc., and finally the mechanical properties are greatly reduced, which seriously affects the service life of wood, and even causes a series of safety accidents.

[0003] In order to prevent wood from rotting, wood products are usually placed in a well-ventilated and dry environment. However, the use of wood products cannot be completely avoided in high-temperature and high-humidity areas. Therefore, wood preservatives are often used to prolong the service life of wood and reduce cultural and economic losses caused by wood decay. At present, copper-based ACQ wood preservatives are often used to treat wood, but the use of this preservative not only has the problems of odor residue, color change and poor effect on copper-resistant fungi, but also has adverse effects on the mechanical properties of wood. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new wood preservative. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a wood preservative and a preparation method and application thereof, and to realize the preservation of wood.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A solid wood preservative, comprising the following raw materials in mass parts:

[0007] Zinc acetate 35.2-36.1 parts

[0008] Borax 61.2-62.7 parts

[0009] Surfactant 1.2-3.6 parts

[0010] The surfactant comprises dipentadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol or sodium stearate.

[0011] The present application provides a preparation method of the solid wood preservative, comprising the following steps:

[0012] 1) Mixing zinc acetate, a surfactant and water to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0013] 2) Mixing borax and water to obtain a second mixed solution;

[0014] 3) mixing the first mixed solution with the second mixed solution to occur metathesis reaction, and drying to obtain the solid wood preservative.

[0015] Optionally, in the preparation of the solid wood preservative, the temperature of the mixing in step 1) is 65-75℃; the mass fraction of zinc acetate in the first mixed solution is 2.1-2.2%.

[0016] Optionally, in the preparation of the solid wood preservative, the temperature of the mixing in step 2) is 65-75℃; the mass fraction of borax in the second mixed solution is 2.4-2.5%.

[0017] Optionally, in the preparation of the solid wood preservative, the temperature of the metathesis reaction in step 3) is 65-75℃, and the time is 12-36h.

[0018] The application further provides the application of the solid wood preservative in wood preservation.

[0019] The wood preservative provided by the application contains nano-sized zinc borate, has small particle size, can better enter and disperse in the wood, has obvious inhibitory effect on white rot fungi and brown rot fungi, and the treated preservative wood has strong preservative and termite prevention ability. The surfactant can change the surface morphology and phase composition of the nano-sized zinc borate, improve the compatibility of the nano-sized zinc borate with water, improve the impregnation performance, reduce the loss of the preservative components, and strengthen the preservative and termite prevention performance.

[0020] The wood preservative prepared by the application promotes the compression strength along the grain and the dimensional stability, and solves the problem of high loss of the borate wood preservative. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 XRD patterns of the solid wood preservatives prepared for example 1 (a), example 2 (b), example 3 (c) and comparative example 1 (d);

[0022] Figure 2 SEM patterns of the solid wood preservatives prepared for example 1 (a), example 2 (b), example 3 (c) and comparative example 1 (d). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The application provides a solid wood preservative, which contains the following raw materials in mass fraction:

[0024] 35.2-36.1 parts of zinc acetate

[0025] 61.2-62.7 parts of borax

[0026] 1.2-3.6 parts of surfactant

[0027] The surfactant comprises dipolyquatemium chloride, polyethylene glycol or sodium stearate.

[0028] In the present application, the mass fraction of zinc acetate is preferably 35.6 parts.

[0029] In the present application, the mass fraction of borax is preferably 62.0 parts; the borax is preferably sodium tetraborate decahydrate.

[0030] In the present application, the fraction of surfactant is preferably 2.4 parts.

[0031] The present application provides a preparation method of the solid wood preservative, comprising the following steps:

[0032] 1) mixing zinc acetate, surfactant and water to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0033] 2) mixing borax and water to obtain a second mixed solution;

[0034] 3) mixing the first mixed solution with the second mixed solution to occur a metathesis reaction, and drying to obtain the solid wood preservative.

[0035] In the present application, when preparing the solid wood preservative, the temperature of the mixing in step 1) is preferably 65-75℃, further preferably 70-72℃; the mass fraction of zinc acetate in the first mixed solution is preferably 2.1-2.2%, further preferably 2.1-2.15%.

[0036] In the present application, when preparing the solid wood preservative, the temperature of the mixing in step 2) is preferably 65-75℃, further preferably 70-72℃; the mass fraction of borax in the second mixed solution is preferably 2.4-2.5%, further preferably 2.4-2.45%.

[0037] In the present application, when preparing the solid wood preservative, the temperature of the metathesis reaction in step 3) is preferably 65-75℃, further preferably 70-72℃, and the time is preferably 12-36h, further preferably 24-30h.

[0038] In the present application, when preparing the solid wood preservative, the mixing in step 3) is preferably stirring for 30min, the stirring rate is preferably 300r / min, and the temperature is preferably 70℃.

[0039] In the present application, when preparing the solid wood preservative, after the metathesis reaction is completed, it is preferably washed, and the solution used for washing is preferably anhydrous ethanol or deionized water.

[0040] The drying condition is not specially limited, and any drying condition capable of completing drying can be used.

[0041] The application further provides the application of the solid wood preservative in wood preservation.

[0042] The technical solutions provided by the application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the application.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] 2.1 parts of zinc acetate, 0.15 parts of dipentadecyldimethylammonium chloride and 97.75 parts of water are mixed, wherein the mass fraction of zinc acetate is 2.1%, and the mixture is heated to 70°C to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0045] 2.4 parts of borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) and 97.6 parts of water are mixed, wherein the mass fraction of borax in the mixture is 2.4%, and the mixture is heated to 70°C to obtain a second mixed solution;

[0046] The first mixed solution and the second mixed solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 2:3, stirred at a stirring rate of 300 r / min at 70°C for 30 min, then reacted at 70°C for 24 h, after the reaction is completed, sequentially washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for several times, centrifuged, and vacuum dried at 45°C to obtain the solid wood preservative.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] 2.1 parts of zinc acetate, 0.15 parts of polyethylene glycol (polymerization degree is 300) and 97.75 parts of water are mixed, wherein the mass fraction of zinc acetate is 2.1%, and the mixture is heated to 70°C to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0049] 2.4 parts of borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) and 97.6 parts of water are mixed, wherein the mass fraction of borax in the mixture is 2.4%, and the mixture is heated to 70°C to obtain a second mixed solution;

[0050] The first mixed solution and the second mixed solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 2:3, stirred at a stirring rate of 300 r / min at 70°C for 30 min, then reacted at 70°C for 24 h, after the reaction is completed, sequentially washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for several times, centrifuged, and vacuum dried at 45°C to obtain the solid wood preservative.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] 2.1 parts of zinc acetate, 0.15 parts of sodium stearate and 97.75 parts of water are mixed, wherein the mass fraction of zinc acetate is 2.1%, and the mixture is heated to 70°C to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0053] 2.4 parts of borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) and 97.6 parts of water were mixed, the mass fraction of borax in the mixture was 2.4%, and the mixture was kept at 70°C to obtain a second mixed solution;

[0054] The first mixed solution and the second mixed solution were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:3; stirring was performed at 300 r / min for 30 min at 70°C, and then the temperature was kept at 70°C for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in sequence, centrifuged, and dried under vacuum at 45°C to obtain the solid wood preservative.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] 2.1 parts of zinc acetate and 97.9 parts of water were mixed, the mass fraction of zinc acetate in the mixture was 2.1%, and the mixture was kept at 70°C to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0057] 2.4 parts of borax and 97.6 parts of water were mixed, the mass fraction of borax in the mixture was 2.4%, and the mixture was kept at 70°C to obtain a second mixed solution;

[0058] The first mixed solution and the second mixed solution were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:3; stirring was performed at 300 r / min for 30 min at 70°C, and then the temperature was kept at 70°C for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in sequence, centrifuged, and dried under vacuum at 45°C to obtain the wood preservative.

[0059] Experimental Example

[0060] The nano wood preservatives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to ICP testing, and the results are shown in Table 1;

[0061] Table 1 ICP results of the wood preservatives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

[0062] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Boron element content / % 2.95 4.14 3.99 9.88 Zinc element content / % 37.41 63.97 52.99 48.18

[0063] As can be seen from Table 1, the prepared product contains boron and zinc elements, and the incorporation of different modifiers has an effect on the content of boron and zinc elements in the product;

[0064] The nano wood preservatives prepared in Example 1(a), Example 2(b), Example 3(c), and Comparative Example 1(d) were subjected to XRD testing, and the results are shown in Table 2. Figure 1

[0065] By Figure 1 ​It can be found that the modified products are all composed of several zinc borates, and the incorporation and type of the surfactant can affect the phase composition of the product, and the phase composition of the product modified by didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and PEG-300 is basically the same;

[0066] The SEM test was performed on the nano-wood preservatives prepared in Example 1(a), Example 2(b), Example 3(c) and Comparative Example 1(d), and the results are shown in Figure 2 ;

[0067] By Figure 2 It can be found that the modified products by didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and PEG-300 have a spherical morphology, and the spheres are stacked by flaky structures with extremely small thickness, and the modified product by sodium stearate has a flaky morphology with relatively small particle size;

[0068] Therefore, Table 1 and Figure 1 , Figure 2 Comprehensively, it is shown that the main component of the wood preservative is zinc borate, and reaches the nano level.

[0069] The wood preservatives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 of the present application were configured into a suspension liquid with a mass fraction of 2% for wood preservation, and the radial compressive strength of the wood treated with the wood preservative and the wood without preservative treatment was tested according to GB / T 1935-2009 when the moisture content was 12%; the dimensional stability (measured by volume expansion coefficient) of the wood treated with the preservative and the wood without preservative treatment was tested according to LY / T 2490-2015; and the anti-leaching property of the wood preservative prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 of the present application was tested as the fixation rate according to GB / T 29905-2013;

[0070] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0071] Table 2 Basic properties of the wood preservatives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

[0072] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example Untreated Parallel compressive strength / MPa 15.3 15.1 14.6 15.0 14.3 Volume expansion coefficient / % 7.22 7.82 7.12 7.55 8.70 Fixing rate / % 70.18 69.16 68.69 54.17 ——

[0073] As can be seen from Table 2, the nano-wood preservatives prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present application can improve the radial compressive strength, reduce the volume expansion coefficient, have a high fixation rate after the leaching test, and can improve the basic properties of the wood.

[0074] The preservative and termite resistance performance test was performed on the above-mentioned preservative-treated wood and the wood without preservative treatment according to LY / T 1283-2011 and GB / T 18260-2015, and compared with the wood without preservative treatment, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0075] Table 3 Comparison of the preservative and termite resistance of the wood treated with the wood preservative prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 and the untreated wood

[0076] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Untreated White rot mass loss / % 4.20 4.47 5.18 9.98 20.71 Brown rot mass loss / % 6.55 3.33 2.88 7.61 24.50 Termite mass loss / % 7.30 4.20 11.20 11.40 23.00

[0077] As shown in Table 3, the nano wood preservatives prepared in Examples 1-3 can effectively reduce the mass loss of white rot, brown rot and termites, can obviously inhibit the erosion of decay fungi and termites, and have good preservative and termite resistance.

[0078] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solid wood preservative, characterized in that, By mass fraction, comprising the following raw materials: Zinc acetate 35.2-36.1 parts Borax 61.2-62.7 parts Surfactant 1.2-3.6 parts; The surfactant comprises dipodecyldimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol or sodium stearate; The preparation method of the solid wood preservative comprises the following steps: 1) mixing zinc acetate, surfactant and water to obtain a first mixed solution; 2) mixing borax and water to obtain a second mixed solution; 3) mixing the first mixed solution with the second mixed solution to occur metathesis reaction, and drying to obtain the solid wood preservative; The mass fraction of zinc acetate in the first mixed solution is 2.1-2.2%; The mass fraction of borax in the second mixed solution is 2.4-2.5%.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid wood preservative is prepared by the steps of: Comprising the following steps: 1) mixing zinc acetate, surfactant and water to obtain a first mixed solution; 2) mixing borax and water to obtain a second mixed solution; 3) mixing the first mixed solution with the second mixed solution to occur metathesis reaction, and drying to obtain the solid wood preservative; The mass fraction of zinc acetate in the first mixed solution is 2.1-2.2%; The mass fraction of borax in the second mixed solution is 2.4-2.5%.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature of the mixing in step 1) is 65-75℃.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature of the mixing in step 2) is 65-75℃.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature of the metathesis reaction in step 3) is 65-75℃, and the time is 12-36h.

6. The application of the solid wood preservative in claim 1 or the solid wood preservative prepared by the preparation method in any one of claims 2-5 in wood preservation.

Images