A kind of high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The microbial fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, fermentation agent, humic acid, composite microbial agent, and trace elements; wherein the fermentation agent includes Bacillus subtilis KC with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20211444, Bacillus Cereus with a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 0175, and Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M208065, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis is (5-8): (2-4): 1; the composite microbial agent is obtained by mixing microbial agent, zinc oxide, and amino acid, and the mass ratio of microbial agent, zinc oxide, and amino acid is (2-4): (1-2): (0.5-1). The formula composition of the invention is reasonable, and the proportion design of each bacterial species in the fermentation bacterial agent takes the synergistic effect between the bacterial species into consideration, thereby improving the stability of the microbial fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country has a vast area of ​​saline-alkali land, accounting for more than 10% of the cultivated land. The eastern coastal saline-alkali land is mainly caused by the action of seawater, the saline-alkali land in the North China Plain is mainly caused by improper water resource regulation and excessive irrigation, and the saline-alkali land in the northeast, western regions and northwestern inland arid areas is mainly caused by natural factors and human excessive reclamation and overgrazing. If the saline-alkali land can be effectively improved and utilized to grow food crops, it will be of great significance to increasing the total grain output.

[0003] At present, the measures for the treatment of saline-alkali land mainly include the following methods: water conservancy improvement: establish a complete drainage and irrigation system, separate irrigation and drainage, strengthen water management, strictly control the groundwater level, and continuously wash and remove salt from the soil through irrigation, flood diversion and silt release; agricultural technology improvement: improve soil composition and structure through deep plowing, land leveling, filling with foreign soil, grass covering, silt covering, sand covering, and increasing the application of organic fertilizer, enhance soil permeability, and accelerate salt leaching; chemical improvement: apply gypsum, black alum and other improvers to alkaline soil, alkaline soil, and soda salt soil to reduce or eliminate soil alkalinity and improve soil physical and chemical properties; agricultural crop biological improvement: planting and turning green manure and forage, returning straw to the field, planting salt-tolerant plants, planting trees, etc., to improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, and improve farmland microclimate, reduce surface water evaporation, and inhibit salt return. However, the above-mentioned saline-alkali land treatment measures all have serious salinity-alkali phenomenon, which makes the improvement effect of saline-alkali land poor and slow, so the traditional improvement method is not effective. The existing method that can effectively improve saline-alkali land is the application of microbial fertilizer. Microbial fertilizer contains a variety of high-efficiency and active beneficial microorganisms, which can fundamentally improve soil activation properties, prevent soil compaction, and improve soil fertilizer and water retention capabilities. Microorganisms rapidly reproduce to form beneficial bacterial communities, increase soil organic matter, and increase crop yields.

[0004] Although microbial fertilizer has the above advantages, it also has the following disadvantages:

[0005] (1) Microbial agents have poor salt tolerance and cannot survive for a long time in saline-alkali land, so their improvement effect on saline-alkali land is limited.

[0006] (2) Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and pH value have a significant impact on the activity and survival of strains in microbial fertilizers. For example, under low temperature conditions, the strains may enter a dormant state, and under high temperature conditions, the strains may die.

[0007] (3) Microbial fertilizers need to be stored under appropriate conditions, otherwise the activity of the strains will decrease, affecting their effectiveness. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the above-mentioned microbial fertilizer has poor salt tolerance, environmental sensitivity, and difficulty in storage. The present invention optimizes the effect of a single microorganism through bacterial compounding, and achieves the purpose of improving saline-alkali land together. Moreover, the prepared microbial fertilizer has environmental resistance, can maintain its soil improvement effect at both high and low temperatures, and is easy to store and transport.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a saline-alkali land efficient microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0010] 80~100 portions of organic fertilizer

[0011] 15~20 parts of inorganic fertilizer

[0012] 1~10 parts of fermentation agent

[0013] Humic acid 5~15 parts

[0014] 5~15 parts of compound microbial agent

[0015] 1~5 parts of trace elements;

[0016] The fermentation bacteria include Bacillus subtilis KC with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20211444, Bacillus Cereus with a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 0175, and Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M208065, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis is (5-8): (2-4): 1;

[0017] The composite microbial agent is obtained by mixing the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid, and the mass ratio of the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid is (2~4):(1~2):(0.5~1).

[0018] In the prior art, single strain is often used to ferment organic fertilizer. This is because single strain fermentation can utilize the specific metabolic pathway of the strain in a targeted manner to decompose organic matter, facilitate control and detection of fermentation conditions, and reduce competition between different strains. However, this single strain fermentation of organic fertilizer has great limitations. First, the decomposition ability is limited. Most organic matter is composed of complex compounds. A single strain may not be able to decompose all types of organic compounds, resulting in some organic matter not being fully utilized. Secondly, a single strain is more sensitive to environmental conditions, thereby affecting the fermentation effect. The fermentation agent of the present invention includes three strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis. During the fermentation process, the three strains act synergistically. The three Bacillus have the ability to decompose complex organic matter, can quickly decompose protein, cellulose, hemicellulose and other organic compounds in organic fertilizer, accelerate the decomposition process of organic matter, and improve the conversion efficiency of fertilizer. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis can produce antibiotics and competitive inhibition during growth, effectively inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms in soil, and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases. Bacillus has the ability to form spores, which allows them to survive under adverse conditions, thus enhancing the stability of the fertilizer and its long-term use effect. The three strains of bacteria produce polysaccharides, amino acids and other substances in the process of decomposing organic matter. These substances contribute to the formation of soil aggregates and improve the physical properties of the soil, such as increasing the aeration, water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. The use of the three strains of bacteria helps to establish and maintain beneficial microbial communities in the soil and form a healthy microbial ecosystem, which is very important for maintaining the long-term fertility of the soil.

[0019] Preferably, the organic fertilizer includes at least one of animal manure, agricultural waste and aquatic waste.

[0020] Preferably, the animal manure includes at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, cow manure and pig manure, the agricultural waste includes at least one of corn stalks, rice husks, rice bran, tree bark, straw and sawdust, and the aquatic waste includes at least one of fish bone meal, oyster shell meal and shrimp shell meal.

[0021] Preferably, the inorganic fertilizer includes at least one of calcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate and urea.

[0022] Preferably, the trace elements include at least one of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B and Mo.

[0023] Preferably, the microbial agent includes several of Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bifidobacterium powder, yeast powder, lactic acid bacteria powder, nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder, EM bacteria powder, and nitrifying bacteria powder.

[0024] Preferably,

[0025] The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus megaterium in Bacillus megaterium powder is 80-110 billion / g;

[0026] The effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis in Bacillus subtilis powder is 5-10 billion / g;

[0027] The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 8-12 billion / g;

[0028] The effective live bacteria count of bifidobacteria in bifidobacterium powder is 5-8 billion / g;

[0029] The effective live bacteria count of yeast in yeast powder is 2-5 billion / g;

[0030] The effective live bacteria count of lactic acid bacteria in lactic acid bacteria powder is 5-8 billion / g;

[0031] The effective viable bacteria count of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder is 10-20 billion / g;

[0032] The effective viable count of EM bacteria in EM bacteria powder is 5-10 billion / g;

[0033] The effective live count of nitrifying bacteria in nitrifying bacteria powder is 8-11 billion / g.

[0034] Preferably, the ratio of the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium, the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (10-20):(1-2):(1-2).

[0035] The three kinds of Bacillus in the present invention are set at a specific ratio in order to create an optimized bacterial community structure in the bacterial fertilizer. Bacillus megaterium is usually used as the dominant species due to its wide range of metabolic capabilities and biological control effects, while Bacillus colloidus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens play auxiliary roles and form a synergistic microbial network together. Bacillus megaterium can more effectively decompose organic matter in the soil at high concentrations, release nutrients available to plants, and produce antibacterial substances to inhibit the growth of pathogens. The auxiliary effects of Bacillus colloidus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can enhance this process and improve the biological activity of the entire bacterial fertilizer. The present invention sets an appropriate ratio of viable bacteria to ensure the stability of the bacterial fertilizer during storage and application, avoid excessive growth or attenuation of a certain bacterial species, and maintain the continuity of the activity and effect of the bacterial fertilizer. The present invention also takes into account the allocation of resources between bacterial species to ensure that each bacterial species can obtain sufficient nutrition, avoid internal competition, and maintain the harmonious symbiosis of the bacterial community.

[0036] Preferably, the microbial agent includes Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bifidobacterium powder, nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder, and EM bacteria powder.

[0037] The use stability of a single microbial agent is relatively poor, and it is easily affected by the external environment. The microbial agent in the present invention comprises a variety of bacillus megaterium powder, bacillus colloids powder, bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bifidobacterium powder, yeast powder, lactic acid bacteria powder, nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder, EM bacteria powder, and nitrifying bacteria powder. Each kind of powder has different effects. Bacillus megaterium, bacillus colloids and bacillus amyloliquefaciens can more effectively decompose organic matter at high density, and release the available nutrients of plants. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can absorb, and increase the nitrogen content in the soil. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast can produce multiple vitamins and amino acids by decomposing organic matter, and further enrich the nutrients of the soil. Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria and yeast can produce growth hormone and enzymes, promote plant root development, and enhance the absorptive capacity of plants, thereby improving the growth rate and yield of crops. In order to further improve the stability of the bacterial powder, the present invention also limits the effective viable bacteria count of the bacterial powder. Microbial agents with a high viable bacteria count can establish beneficial microbial communities in the soil more quickly, maintain the activity of the fertilizer even under adverse conditions, and extend the service life of the fertilizer.

[0038] Preferably, the amino acids include α-aminobutyric acid and arginine, and the mass ratio of α-aminobutyric acid to arginine is (3-5):1.

[0039] The inventors continued to study and found that although the use of microbial agents and fermentation agents to ferment organic fertilizers can improve the stability of microbial fertilizers used in soil and improve the effectiveness of soil fertility, microbial fertilizers are easily affected by the environment during storage, resulting in short storage time and the problem that microbial fertilizers are easily ineffective. In view of the above problems, the present invention mixes the microbial agent with zinc oxide and amino acids before preparing the microbial fertilizer. The addition of zinc oxide and amino acids during the mixing process can jointly improve the stability and biological activity of the microbial agent, and by providing necessary nutrition, antioxidant protection and promoting microbial metabolism, the agent is kept at a high activity during storage and application, thereby improving the overall effect and stability of the microbial fertilizer. In addition, the addition of amino acids and zinc oxide can also improve the compatibility of the microbial agent with soil, promote the colonization and diffusion of microorganisms in the soil, and further enhance its effect in the soil.

[0040] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) Mixing organic fertilizer, humic acid, fermentation agent and sterile water, and fermenting in an air environment to obtain clinker;

[0042] (2) Mix the clinker with inorganic fertilizer, compound microbial agent and trace elements, mix them evenly, and then granulate them in a granulator to obtain microbial fertilizer.

[0043] Preferably, the mass volume of the organic fertilizer and the sterile water in step (1) is (1-5) kg: (200-800) mL; the fermentation temperature is 28-35° C., and the fermentation time is 3-5 days.

[0044] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite microbial agent is: mixing the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid in proportion, then adding water to mix evenly, and then granulating with a granulator to obtain the composite microbial agent.

[0045] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land and the preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. The fermentation agent of the present invention includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis, and the organic fertilizer is fermented at the same time. These bacteria can act synergistically to improve the biological activity of the fertilizer.

[0047] 2. The ratio of bacterial species in the fermentation agent and the composite microbial agent in the present invention has been carefully designed to ensure the mutual promotion and balance between the microbial fertilizer flora, improve the use effect of the microbial fertilizer, and improve the salt tolerance of the microbial fertilizer through the combination and ratio of multiple bacterial species, thereby repairing the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0048] 3. The present invention optimizes the effect of a single microorganism by compounding bacterial strains, thereby achieving the purpose of improving saline-alkali land. In addition, the prepared microbial fertilizer is environmentally resistant and can maintain its soil improvement effect at both high and low temperatures, making it easy to store and transport. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that this embodiment is based on the technical solution and provides a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0050] Embodiment 1: This embodiment provides a saline-alkali land efficient microbial fertilizer, which includes the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0051] 85 servings of organic fertilizer

[0052] 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer

[0053] 5 parts of fermentation agent

[0054] Humic acid 10 parts

[0055] 10 copies of compound microbial agent

[0056] 2 parts of trace elements;

[0057] The fermentation bacteria include Bacillus subtilis KC with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20211444, Bacillus Cereus with a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 0175, and Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M208065, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis is 6:3:1;

[0058] The composite microbial agent is obtained by mixing the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid, and the mass ratio of the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid is 3:1:1.

[0059] The amino acids include α-aminobutyric acid and arginine, and the mass ratio of α-aminobutyric acid to arginine is 4:1.

[0060] Organic fertilizers include chicken manure, corn straw, and fish bone meal, and the mass ratio of chicken manure, corn straw, and fish bone meal is 1:1:1.

[0061] Inorganic fertilizers include diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, and the mass ratio of diammonium phosphate to potassium nitrate is 2:1.

[0062] The trace elements include Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn, and the mass ratio of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn is 1:1:1:1.

[0063] Microbial agents include Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bifidobacterium powder, nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder, and EM bacteria powder.

[0064] The mass ratio of the total mass of Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the mass ratio of Bifidobacterium powder, Azotobacter powder and EM bacteria powder is 5:1:2:2;

[0065] The mass ratio of Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 3:1:1.

[0066] The bacterial powders were all purchased from Beijing Kezhan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The product number of Bacillus megaterium powder is BNCC132693, the product number of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is BNCC335819, the product number of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is BNCC132483, the product number of Bifidobacterium is BNCC185354, the product number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder is BNCC335805, and the product number of EM bacteria powder is BZW0020.

[0067] The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus megaterium in Bacillus megaterium powder is 100 billion / g;

[0068] The effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis in Bacillus subtilis powder is 5 billion / g;

[0069] The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 10 billion / g;

[0070] The effective viable count of bifidobacteria in bifidobacterium powder is 6 billion / g;

[0071] The effective viable count of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder is 15 billion / g;

[0072] The effective live bacteria count of EM bacteria in EM bacteria powder is 8 billion / g.

[0073] The ratio of the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium, the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was 20:1:2.

[0074] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0075] (1) Mixing organic fertilizer, humic acid, fermentation agent and sterile water, wherein the mass volume of organic fertilizer and sterile water is 1 kg:200 mL, fermenting at a temperature of 30°C and a fermentation time of 5 days in an air environment, and obtaining clinker by fermentation;

[0076] The preparation method of the composite microbial agent is as follows: the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid are mixed in proportion, sterile water accounting for 10% of the total mass of the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid is added to mix evenly, and granulated by a granulator to obtain a spherical composite microbial agent with a diameter of 0.2 mm.

[0077] (2) Mix the clinker with inorganic fertilizer, compound microbial agent and trace elements. After mixing evenly, granulate it with a granulator to obtain spherical microbial fertilizer with a diameter of 1 mm.

[0078] Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: the formula of high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land is different.

[0079] This embodiment provides a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land, which includes the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0080] 100 servings of organic fertilizer

[0081] 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer

[0082] 6 parts of fermentation agent

[0083] Humic acid 12 parts

[0084] 8 parts of compound microbial agent

[0085] 3 portions of trace elements.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the fermentation agent does not contain Bacillus licheniformis, and the same amount of Bacillus subtilis is used to replace Bacillus licheniformis.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that Bacillus subtilis is replaced by Bacillus orientalis, with a preservation number of CGMCC No.10033.

[0090] Comparative Example 3

[0091] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite microbial agent does not contain zinc oxide, and the microbial agent of the same mass is used to replace zinc oxide.

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite microbial agent does not contain amino acids, and the amino acids are replaced by microbial agents of the same mass.

[0094] Comparative Example 5

[0095] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the α-aminobutyric acid in the amino acid is replaced by L-cysteine.

[0096] Comparative Example 6

[0097] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the arginine in the amino acid is replaced by an equal mass of α-aminobutyric acid.

[0098] Comparative Example 7

[0099] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the effective live bacteria count of the bacterial powder is different.

[0100] The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus megaterium in Bacillus megaterium powder is 100 billion / g;

[0101] The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis in Bacillus subtilis powder is 25 billion / g;

[0102] The effective live bacteria count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 10 billion / g.

[0103] The ratio of the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium, the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was 20:5:2.

[0104] Comparative Example 8

[0105] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis is 1:1:1.

[0106] Performance Testing

[0107] (1) Test on the effect of saline-alkali land improvement

[0108] The saline-alkali land to be improved is the soil of a certain economic development zone, where spring salt return often occurs, annual precipitation is 557.7-705.7mm, annual evaporation is 2000mm, and groundwater level is 1-2mm. The experimental field is saline-alkali land with medium loam texture. The basic properties are: total salt 1.38g / kg, pH value 7.5-8.5, organic matter 16.33g / kg, available nitrogen 55.7mg / kg, available phosphorus 20.5mg / kg, and available potassium 300.2mg / kg.

[0109] Improved method: Select multiple 650m blocks 2 The saline-alkali land was taken as the improvement target, and the microbial fertilizers prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example were respectively spread into the target saline-alkali land and tilled into the soil. The application amount was 4500kg / hm 2 , and soil samples will be taken after the wheat crop is harvested and corresponding tests will be carried out.

[0110] The experimental field was planted with wheat crops, the wheat variety was Yannong No. 19, and the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were used for fertilization. The other steps were all cultivated by conventional cultivation, field management, fertilization and irrigation planting methods.

[0111] Soil physical and chemical property test methods: Available nitrogen content is tested by alkaline diffusion method; Available phosphorus content is tested by sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method; Available potassium content is tested by ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry; Salt content is tested by residue drying-mass method; pH value is tested by glass electrode method. The performance of the saline-alkali soil to be improved was used as the control group.

[0112]

[0113] It can be seen from the above performance test results that the microbial agents prepared in Examples 1 to 2 are applied to saline-alkali soil, and the physical and chemical properties thereof are well regulated. The pH value of the saline-alkali soil is reduced to about 7, and the salt content is significantly reduced. At the same time, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is increased, which is very important for improving soil fertility. In particular, the comprehensive performance of Example 1 is the most outstanding. This is mainly because the use of its fermentation agent and composite microbial agent is reasonable, which improves the ability of microbial fertilizer to repair the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0114] However, the comparative example did not adopt the necessary technical solution, resulting in that it was significantly worse than the embodiment in the corresponding performance test. In comparative example 1, the type of fermentation agent was changed, and Bacillus licheniformis was not added during the fermentation process of organic fertilizer. It can be seen that after the microbial agent prepared in comparative example 1 was used in saline-alkali soil, the improvement effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil decreased, proving that the fermentation agent has an important influence on the improvement of saline-alkali soil. In comparative example 2, Bacillus subtilis, which has the largest specific gravity in the fermentation agent, was replaced by Bacillus orientalis. Although both belong to a type of Bacillus, their fermentation effects are quite different. From the results, it can be seen that the type of Bacillus subtilis leads to a decrease in the soil improvement effect, which indicates that the three fermentation agents used in the present invention have a synergistic effect. The three strains will produce polysaccharides, amino acids and other substances in the process of decomposing organic matter. These substances contribute to the formation of soil aggregates and improve the physical properties of the soil. In comparative example 3, zinc oxide was not added to the composite microbial agent, and the improvement effect of the prepared microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil was worse. In comparative example 4, amino acids were not added to the composite microbial agent, and the improvement effect of the prepared microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil was also worse, which shows that zinc oxide and amino acids in the present invention have an important influence on the improvement effect of microbial fertilizer. The addition of amino acids and zinc oxide can also improve the compatibility of microbial agents with soil, promote the colonization and diffusion of microorganisms in the soil, and further enhance its effect in the soil. In comparative example 5, the type of amino acid was replaced from α-aminobutyric acid to L-cysteine, and the improvement effect of the prepared microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil was worse, indicating that different types of amino acids have different effects, and the combination of two specific types of amino acids in the present invention can achieve the best improvement effect of microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil. The amino acid in Comparative Example 6 does not use arginine, but only one amino acid. The improvement effect of the prepared microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil is worse, indicating that the effect of one amino acid is limited, and the best effect of the two amino acids in the embodiment cannot be achieved. The two amino acids also have a synergistic effect, which jointly improves the improvement effect of the microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil. In Comparative Example 7, the effective viable counts of the three Bacillus in the microbial agent were changed, and the improvement effect of the prepared microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil was worse. This is because setting an appropriate ratio of viable counts can ensure the stability of the fertilizer during storage and application, avoid excessive growth or attenuation of a certain strain, maintain the continuity of the activity and effect of the fertilizer, and ensure that each strain can get enough nutrition, avoid internal competition, and maintain the harmonious symbiosis of the flora. Comparative Example 8 changes the mass ratio of the three Bacillus of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis, resulting in a decrease in the improvement effect of the microbial fertilizer on saline-alkali soil compared with the embodiment, indicating that the strains have a mutual influence before, and only under a specific ratio can the flora be stable and symbiotic.The above experimental results further prove the importance of the technical solution defined in the present invention to its technical effect.

[0115] (2) Soil enzyme activity was determined by referring to the method of Guan Songyin. Soil Enzyme and Its Research Methods [M]. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1986. In particular, the activity of sucrase was determined by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry; the activity of catalase was determined by potassium permanganate titration; and the activity of urease was determined by indigo blue colorimetry. The instruments for determining soil peroxidase activity were: spectrophotometer, centrifuge, Taiping, mortar, magnetic stirrer. The method for determining polyphenol oxidase was: pyrogallol colorimetry, instrument: spectrophotometer.

[0116]

[0117] As can be seen from Table 2, after using the microbial fertilizer prepared in Examples 1 to 2, the enzyme activity in the saline-alkali soil was significantly improved compared with the control group, while in Comparative Examples 1 to 8, when the formula composition of the present invention was not used, the soil enzyme activity was improved compared with the control group, but was still significantly lower than the enzyme activity in the examples.

[0118] (3) Each experiment was repeated three times. During the wheat planting process, the emergence rate of wheat in each group, the incidence of diseases, and the average yield of wheat were regularly observed and recorded.

[0119]

[0120] It can be seen from Table 3 that when planting wheat on saline-alkali soil, applying the microbial fertilizer prepared in Examples 1 to 2 can not only improve the emergence rate of wheat crops, but also improve their resistance to diseases and pests, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and ultimately increase wheat yield. However, Comparative Examples 1 to 8 did not use the technical solution of the present invention, resulting in a decrease in wheat emergence rate and yield.

[0121] (4) Stability test

[0122] The microbial fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were placed in the dark at 60° C. and 75% humidity for 7 days, and then applied to saline-alkali soil to test the soil salt content and wheat crop yield.

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen from Table 4, the microbial fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 2 were placed at a higher temperature (60°C) and a higher humidity (75%) for 7 days and then applied to saline-alkali soil and wheat planting. Compared with the microbial fertilizers not treated in a high temperature and high humidity environment, the microbial fertilizers had little effect on the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil and the change in the yield of the wheat crop, indicating that the microbial fertilizers prepared by the present invention have good stability and are easy to store. However, after the microbial fertilizers prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were treated with high temperature and high humidity, the improvement effect of the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil and the yield of the wheat crop decreased to varying degrees, indicating that their stability was poor.

[0125] Therefore, the present invention adopts a saline-alkali land efficient microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof of the above-mentioned structure, which provides comprehensive nutrition required for plant growth through a reasonable formula composition and a combination of organic and inorganic nutrients. The proportion of each strain in the fermentation agent is designed taking into account the synergistic effect between the strains and the survival competition in the saline-alkali land environment, thereby improving the stability of the microbial fertilizer.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included in parts by mass: 80~100 portions of organic fertilizer 15~20 parts of inorganic fertilizer 1~10 parts of fermentation agent Humic acid 5~15 parts 5~15 parts of compound microbial agent 1~5 parts of trace elements; The fermentation bacteria include Bacillus subtilis KC with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20211444, Bacillus Cereus with a preservation number of CGMCC NO: 0175, and Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M208065, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis is 6:3:1; The composite microbial agent is obtained by mixing the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid, and the mass ratio of the microbial agent, zinc oxide and amino acid is 3:1:1; The microbial agent includes Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bifidobacterium powder, nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder, and EM bacteria powder, and the mass ratio of the total mass of Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the Bifidobacterium powder, nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder, and EM bacteria powder is 5:1:2:2; The amino acids include α-aminobutyric acid and arginine, and the mass ratio of α-aminobutyric acid to arginine is 4:

1.

2. The high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer includes at least one of animal manure, agricultural waste and aquatic waste.

3. A high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: The animal manure includes at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, cow manure and pig manure; the agricultural waste includes at least one of corn stalks, rice husks, rice bran, tree bark, straw and sawdust; and the aquatic waste includes at least one of fish bone meal, oyster shell meal and shrimp shell meal.

4. The high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic fertilizer includes at least one of calcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate and urea.

5. The high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements include at least one of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B and Mo.

6. A high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that: The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus megaterium in Bacillus megaterium powder is 80-110 billion / g; The effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis in Bacillus subtilis powder is 5-10 billion / g; The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 8-12 billion / g; The effective live bacteria count of bifidobacteria in bifidobacterium powder is 5-8 billion / g; The effective live bacteria count of yeast in yeast powder is 2-5 billion / g; The effective live bacteria count of lactic acid bacteria in lactic acid bacteria powder is 5-8 billion / g; The effective viable count of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder is 10-20 billion / g; The effective viable count of EM bacteria in EM bacteria powder is 5-10 billion / g; The effective live count of nitrifying bacteria in nitrifying bacteria powder is 8-11 billion / g.

7. The method for preparing a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Mixing organic fertilizer, humic acid, fermentation agent and sterile water, and fermenting in an air environment to obtain clinker; (2) Mix the clinker with inorganic fertilizer, compound microbial agent and trace elements, mix them evenly, and then granulate them in a granulator to obtain microbial fertilizer.

8. The method for preparing a high-efficiency microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass volume of the organic fertilizer and sterile water in step (1) is (1-5) kg: (200-800) mL; the fermentation temperature is 28-35° C., and the fermentation time is 3-5 days.

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