Work machine quick coupler and work machine

Abstract

This invention provides a quick-change device for engineering machinery, used to realize a quick and releasable connection between the main unit and the working attachment, comprising: a main body (10) having a front end and a rear end along the longitudinal direction, the rear end having a through pin hole (12); a locking pin (20) that is longitudinally movable along the pin hole (12) to releasably lock the rear pin of the working attachment between the outer end of the locking pin (20) and the rear end of the main body (10); and a locking block (80) for receiving the front pin of the working attachment, arranged at the front end of the main body (10), and the locking block (80) is movable up and down in the main body (10) to switch between an open state and a locked state. In the open state, the front pin of the working attachment can move in and out of the locking block (80), and in the locked state, the front pin of the working attachment is locked between the locking block (80) and the front end of the main body (10).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of quick-change devices for engineering machinery, and more particularly to a quick-change device for engineering machinery. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, quick-change devices have been widely used in construction machinery (such as excavators and loaders). Using quick-change devices, it is possible to quickly and easily switch between the main machine and different working attachments. Especially in the demolition industry, an excavator needs to frequently change hydraulic shears, grapples, buckets, breakers, etc., and quick-change devices can improve work efficiency.

[0003] The widespread use of quick-change attachments has brought about some safety issues. When operators connect work attachments to the excavator, they assume the attachments are securely locked by the quick-change mechanism after the connection is complete. However, due to various factors, problems often arise such as the front pin not engaging properly or the rear pin not locking properly. In such cases, simply lifting the excavator arm will cause the work attachments to fall to the ground. To solve these problems, a safer locking structure is needed for quick-change attachments.

[0004] The quick-change locking mechanism cannot achieve mechanical self-locking. When the drive mechanism of the safety locking system malfunctions, there is still a risk that the attachment will fall to the ground. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical deficiencies, this invention provides a quick-change device for engineering machinery, used to achieve a quick and releasable connection between the main machine and the working attachment, comprising:

[0006] The main body has a front end and a rear end along the longitudinal direction, with a through pin hole at the rear end;

[0007] A locking pin, longitudinally movable along a pin hole, releasably locks the rear pin of the working attachment between the outer end of the locking pin and the rear end of the body; and

[0008] A locking block, used to receive the front pin of the working attachment, is arranged at the front end of the main body. The locking block can move up and down in the main body to switch between an open state and a locked state. In the open state, the front pin of the working attachment can move in and out of the locking block. In the locked state, the front pin of the working attachment is locked between the locking block and the front end of the main body.

[0009] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for engineering machinery includes a drive mechanism located between the rear end of the main body and the locking block, and includes a first drive part and a second drive part capable of linearly moving in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction. The first drive part is capable of driving the locking block to move upward in the main body, and the second drive part is capable of driving the locking pin to move longitudinally.

[0010] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes a reset elastic element that abuts against the locking block from below to bias the locking block upward.

[0011] In some embodiments, the main body is provided with a slide groove, the reset elastic element is located in the slide groove, the locking block is provided with a protrusion, the protrusion is slidably arranged in the slide groove, the reset elastic element is located in the slide groove and its top end abuts against the protrusion.

[0012] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the reset elastic element is low, such that when the locking block is only subjected to the weight of the working attachment, the reset elastic element is compressed by the weight of the working attachment to the point that the locking block is in the open state.

[0013] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the reset elastic element is high, such that when the locking block only bears the weight of the working attachment, the weight of the working attachment is insufficient to compress the reset elastic element to the point that the locking block is in the open state.

[0014] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes a lower push member, which is fixedly connected to a first drive unit and can extend and retract as the first drive unit moves longitudinally. When the lower push member is extended, it pushes the bottom of the locking block upward, causing the locking block to move upward to a locked state. When the lower push member is retracted, it disengages from contact with the locking block.

[0015] In some embodiments, the lower top member is fixedly connected to the first driving part via a first connecting plate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the body is provided with a lower top member mounting hole through which the lower top member is longitudinally movable to abut against and push the bottom of the locking block.

[0017] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes an anti-loosening spring disposed between the front end of the main body and the second drive unit.

[0018] In some embodiments, the second drive unit is provided with a through hole aligned with the pin hole, the inner end of the locking pin passes through the pin hole and the through hole in sequence and extends out of the second drive unit, and one end of the anti-loosening spring is fitted onto the inner end of the locking pin.

[0019] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes an upper push member, which is fixedly connected to a second drive unit and is longitudinally movable with the second drive unit to extend and retract. When the upper push member is extended, it presses the top of the locking block, causing the locking block to move downward to an open state. When the upper push member is retracted, it disengages from contact with the top surface of the locking block.

[0020] In some embodiments, the upper top member is fixedly connected to the second drive unit via a second connecting plate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the lower top member extends below the bottom of the locking block, causing the locking block to be in a locked state; or the upper top member extends above the top of the locking block, causing the locking block to be in the open state.

[0022] In some embodiments, the second drive portion is movably disposed on the body along the longitudinal direction and is fixedly connected to the inner end of the locking pin.

[0023] In some embodiments, the bottom of the locking block includes a lower inclined surface and a lower flat surface, and the top of the locking block includes an upper inclined surface and an upper flat surface; and

[0024] The end of the lower pusher is rounded, used to push the lower inclined surface upward when the lower pusher extends, so that the locking block moves upward in the main body. The lower pusher abuts against the lower plane, so that the locking block is in a locked state; or

[0025] The end of the upper pusher is rounded, which is used to press down on the upper inclined surface when the upper pusher extends to make the locking block move downward in the body. The upper surface abuts against the upper pusher, so that the locking block is in the open state.

[0026] In some embodiments, each of the two transverse ends of the second drive unit is provided with a limiting post, and each of the two transverse sides of the main body is provided with an elongated groove. The two limiting posts can slide along the two elongated grooves respectively, so that the second drive unit can move longitudinally relative to the main body.

[0027] In some embodiments, the locking block includes an arcuate recess for receiving the front pin of a working attachment. The outer end of the arcuate recess is provided with an outer guide ramp and an inner exit ramp. The outer guide ramp is configured to facilitate the front pin of the working attachment entering the arcuate recess, and the inner exit ramp is configured to facilitate the front pin of the working attachment exiting the arcuate recess.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first drive unit is a cylinder rod, and the second drive unit is a cylinder assembly, with the cylinder rod disposed in the cylinder assembly.

[0029] On the other hand, the present invention provides an engineering machinery, including a main unit, a working attachment and the aforementioned engineering machinery quick-change device, wherein the working attachment is provided with a front pin and a rear pin, and the main unit is releasably connected to the working attachment through the engineering machinery quick-change device.

[0030] This invention improves at least one of the following technical defects: unreliable locking of the quick-change device and complex structure of the locking system; and the technical defect of locking failure when the drive mechanism malfunctions. Attached Figure Description

[0031] By convention, the various features in the accompanying drawings described below are not necessarily drawn to scale. The dimensions of the various features and elements in the drawings may be enlarged or reduced to more clearly illustrate embodiments of the invention.

[0032] Figure 1 A connection diagram of the main unit, quick-change device, and working attachments of construction machinery.

[0033] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a quick-change device for construction machinery, viewed from above.

[0034] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a quick-change device for construction machinery, viewed from the bottom.

[0035] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the components of a quick-change device for engineering machinery.

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a quick-change device for engineering machinery;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a quick-change device for construction machinery in an unconnected state.

[0038] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a quick-change device for construction machinery in the connected state;

[0039] Figures 8(a) and 8(b) are end views and perspective views of the locking block of the quick-change device for engineering machinery, respectively; and

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the stress state of the locking block in a quick-change device for construction machinery.

[0041] Reference numerals: 1, quick-change device for engineering machinery; 2, main unit; 3, working attachment; 10, main body; 12, pin hole; 13, slide groove; 14, slender groove; 20, locking pin; 30, drive mechanism; 40, anti-loosening spring; 50, first connecting plate; 70, reset elastic element; 80, locking block; 87, protrusion; 31, first drive part; 32, second drive part; 322, through hole; 323, second connecting plate; 321, limiting post; 90, lower pusher; 88, outer guide slope; 89, inner guide slope; 100, upper pusher. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Referring to the accompanying drawings and through the following detailed description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand the technical advantages of the various embodiments. The various embodiments discussed above, individually and in various combinations, are all within the scope of this invention. It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and not a requirement that the invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" used in the description of this invention refer to the directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" respectively refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component.

[0043] This invention relates to an engineering machinery, such as Figure 1 As shown, the construction machinery includes a quick-change device 1, a main unit 2, and a working attachment 3. The quick-change device 1 is used to realize a quick and releasable connection and locking between the main unit 2 and the working attachment 3. The main unit 2 is releasably connected to the upper part of the quick-change device 1, and the working attachment 3 is releasably connected to the lower part of the quick-change device 1.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the upper part of the quick-change device 1 is provided with a front connecting pin 101 and a rear connecting pin 102 for releasable connection with the main body of the construction machinery (such as the digging arm of an excavator); the top of the working attachment 3 is provided with a front pin 301 and a rear pin 302. The lower structure of the quick-change device 1 is provided with components for releasable locking with the working attachment 3. The lower part of the quick-change device 1 can be releasably locked with the front pin 301 and the rear pin 302 of the working attachment 3, realizing a quick and releasable connection between the quick-change device 1 and the working attachment 3.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the quick-change device 1 includes a main body 10, a locking pin 20, and a locking block 80. The main body 10 has a front end and a rear end along the longitudinal direction, and the rear end is provided with a through pin hole 12. The locking pin 20 is movable longitudinally along the pin hole 12 to releaseably lock the rear pin 302 of the working attachment 3 between the outer end of the locking pin 20 and the rear end of the main body 10. The locking block 80 is configured to receive the front pin 301 of the working attachment 3, is arranged at the front end of the main body 10, and is movable up and down in the main body 10 to switch between an open state and a locked state. In the open state, the front pin 301 of the working attachment can move in and out of the locking block 80. In the locked state, the front pin 301 of the working attachment is locked between the locking block 80 and the front end of the main body 10.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the quick-change device 1 includes a drive mechanism 30, which is located between the rear end of the main body 10 and the locking block 80. It includes a first drive part 31 and a second drive part 32 that can move linearly in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction. The first drive part 31 can drive the locking block 80 to move upward in the main body 10, and the second drive part 32 can drive the locking pin 20 to move along the longitudinal direction.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first drive unit 31 is a cylinder rod, and the second drive unit 32 is a cylinder assembly, with the cylinder rod arranged in the cylinder assembly.

[0048] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the quick-change device includes a reset elastic element 70, located between the main body 10 and the locking block 80, and abuts against the locking block 80 from below to bias the locking block 80 upward. The reset elastic element 70 can be a spring.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the quick-change device 1 for engineering machinery includes a main body 10, locking pins 20, a drive mechanism 30, anti-loosening springs 40, a first connecting plate 50, a fixing plate 60, a reset elastic element 70, a locking block 80, a lower pusher 90, and an upper pusher 100. The locking pins 20 are installed in the pin holes 12 of the main body 10 and can slide longitudinally back and forth within the main body 10. The inner end of the second drive unit 32 is fixedly connected to the two locking pins 20 and is acted upon by the two anti-loosening springs 40. The first drive unit 31 is fixedly connected to the lower pusher 90 via the first connecting plate 50. The reset elastic element 70 is installed on the main body 10 via the fixing plate 60. The locking block 80 is installed in the main body 10 and can slide up and down within the main body 10, while being acted upon by the two reset elastic elements 70. The upper pusher 100 is fixedly connected to the second drive unit 32.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5-7 As shown, the main body 10 is provided with a slide groove 13, the reset elastic member 70 is located in the slide groove 13, the locking block 80 is provided with a protrusion 87, the protrusion 87 is slidably arranged in the slide groove 13, the reset elastic member 70 is located in the slide groove 13 and its top end abuts against the protrusion 87.

[0051] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the reset elastic member 70 is low, such that when the locking block 80 is only subjected to the weight of the working attachment, the reset elastic member 70 is compressed by the weight of the working attachment to the point that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0052] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the reset elastic element 70 is configured to be relatively small, that is, when the locking block 80 only bears the weight of the working attachment, the reset elastic element 70 is compressed by the weight of the working attachment to the point that the locking block 80 is in the open state, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown, but without the top piece 100 installed, the operation process of the quick-change device 1 is as follows:

[0053] (1) Quick-connection process

[0054] Operate the drive mechanism 30 to retract the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32. At this time, the locking pin 20 and the lower push member 90 retract, and the locking block 80 is locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70.

[0055] Operate the quick-change device 1 to engage the front pin 301 with the front pin 11 on the main body 10. Due to the low rigidity of the reset elastic element 70, it interacts with the front pin 301 through the external guide inclined surface 88 on the locking block 80. The reset elastic element 70 is compressed, and the front pin 301 will enter the arc-shaped recess 81 in the locking block 80.

[0056] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move it into position relative to the working attachment 3. Operate the drive mechanism 30 to extend the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32. At this time, the second drive part 32 drives the locking pin 20 to lock the rear pin 302. The first drive part 31 drives the lower pusher 90 to abut against the locking block 80 to lock the front pin 301. The first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32 move in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction. Due to the action of the anti-loosening spring 40, the second drive part 32 moves into position before the first drive part 31.

[0057] (2) Quick-change disengagement process

[0058] The operation of the drive mechanism 30 causes the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32 to retract, the locking pin 20 and the lower push member 90 to retract, and the locking block 80 to be locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70.

[0059] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move the locking pin 20 away from the connection position, causing the front pin 301 to disengage from the front pin engagement interface 11 of the main body 10. Due to the low rigidity of the reset elastic element 70, it interacts with the front pin 301 through the inner guide slope 89 on the locking block 80, compressing the reset elastic element 70. The front pin 301 will then slide out of the arc-shaped recess 81 of the locking block 80. This completes the rapid separation of the quick-change device 1 from the working attachment 3.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the rigidity of the reset elastic element 70 is relatively large, so that when the locking block 80 only bears the weight of the working attachment, the weight of the working attachment is insufficient to compress the reset elastic element 70 to the point that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0061] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the reset elastic member 70 is configured to be relatively large, i.e., when the locking block 80 only bears the weight of the working attachment, the weight of the working attachment is insufficient to compress the reset elastic member 70 to the point that the locking block 80 is in the open state, and an upper pusher 100 is installed, referring to... Figure 6 and 7 The operation process of quick-change device 1 is as follows:

[0062] (1) Quick-connection process:

[0063] Operate the drive mechanism 30 to retract the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32, retract the locking pin 20 and the lower push member 90, extend the upper push member 100, and the locking block 80 is in the open state under the action of the upper push member 100.

[0064] Operate the quick-change device 1 to engage the front pin 301 with the front pin 11 of the main body 10. Since the locking block 80 is in the open state, the front pin 301 can be easily inserted and accommodated in the locking block 80.

[0065] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move it into position relative to the working attachment 3. Operate the drive mechanism 30 to extend the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32. The first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32 move longitudinally in opposite directions. Due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the second drive part 32 moves into position earlier than the first drive part 31. Specifically, the second drive part 32 will first drive the locking pin 20 to extend and lock the rear pin 302, and drive the upper pusher 100 away from the locking block 80. At this time, the locking block 80 is locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70. Then, the first drive part 31 will drive the lower pusher 90 to extend and abut against the locking block 80, further ensuring that the locking block 80 is reliably locked.

[0066] (2) Quick disconnection process:

[0067] The operating drive mechanism 30 retracts the first drive unit 31 and the second drive unit 32. Due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the first drive unit 31 moves into position earlier than the second drive unit 32. Specifically, the first drive unit 31 will first move away from the locking block 80. At this time, the locking block 80 is still locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70. Then, the second drive unit 32 will drive the locking pin 20 to retract, thereby releasing the rear pin 302, and will also drive the upper push member 100 to extend, so that the locking block 80 overcomes the force of the reset elastic member 70, and the locking block 80 is in the open state under the action of the upper push member 100.

[0068] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move the locking pin 20 away from the connection position. Continue to operate the quick-change device 1 to disengage the front pin shaft hook interface 11 of the main body 10 from the front pin shaft 301. This completes the quick disengagement between the quick-change device 1 and the working attachment 3.

[0069] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, the quick-change device 1 includes a lower push member 90, which is fixedly connected to the first drive unit 31 and can extend and retract as the first drive unit 31 moves longitudinally. When the lower push member 90 is extended, it pushes the bottom of the locking block 80 upward, causing the locking block 80 to move upward to a locked state. When the lower push member 90 is retracted, it disengages from contact with the bottom of the locking block 80.

[0070] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, the lower top member 90 is fixedly connected to the first drive unit 31 via the first connecting plate 50.

[0071] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5-7 As shown, the main body 10 is provided with a lower top member mounting hole 151. The lower top member 90 passes through the lower top member mounting hole 151 and can move longitudinally to abut against and push the bottom of the locking block 80.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the quick-change device 1 includes an anti-loosening spring 40, which is arranged between the front end of the main body 10 and the second drive part 32.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the second drive unit 32 is provided with a through hole 322 aligned with the pin hole 12. The inner end of the locking pin 20 passes through the pin hole 12 and the through hole 322 in sequence and extends out of the second drive unit. One end of the anti-loosening spring 40 is fitted onto the inner end of the locking pin 20.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and 6 As shown in Figure 7, the quick-change device 1 includes an upper push member 100, which is fixedly connected to the second drive unit 32 and can be extended and retracted longitudinally with the second drive unit 32. When the upper push member 100 is extended, it presses the top of the locking block 80, causing the locking block 80 to move downward to the open state. When the upper push member 100 is retracted, it disengages from contact with the top of the locking block 80.

[0075] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and 6As shown in Figure 7, the upper top member 100 is fixedly connected to the second drive unit 32 via the second connecting plate 323.

[0076] In some embodiments, the lower top member 90 extends through and is located below the bottom of the locking block 80, and the lower top member 90 supports the locking block 80 from below, so that the locking block 80 is in a locked state.

[0077] In some embodiments, the upper top member 100 extends through and above the top of the locking block 80, and the upper top member 100 presses the locking block 80 from above, so that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0078] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the bottom of the locking block 80 includes a lower inclined surface 82 and a lower flat surface 83, and the top of the locking block 80 includes an upper inclined surface 84 and an upper flat surface 85; and the end of the lower push member 90 is rounded, for pushing the lower inclined surface 82 upward when the lower push member 90 extends to move the locking block 80 upward in the body 10, the lower push member 90 moves longitudinally along the lower inclined surface 82, and then the lower push member 90 abuts against the lower flat surface 83, so that the locking block 80 is in a locked state.

[0079] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the end of the upper push member 100 is rounded and used to press down on the upper inclined surface 84 when the upper push member 100 extends to move the locking block 80 downward in the body 10. The upper push member 100 moves longitudinally along the upper inclined surface 84, and then the upper push member 100 abuts against the upper plane 85, so that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the second drive unit 32 is movably disposed on the main body 10 along the longitudinal direction and is fixedly connected to the inner end of the locking pin 20.

[0081] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, each of the two transverse ends of the second drive unit 32 is provided with a limiting post 321, and each of the two transverse sides of the main body 10 is provided with a slender groove 14. The two limiting posts 321 can slide along the two slender grooves 14 respectively, so that the second drive unit 32 can move longitudinally relative to the main body 10, thereby limiting the longitudinal movement range of the second drive unit 32.

[0082] Specifically, when the drive mechanism 30 is operated to retract the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32, due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the first drive part 31 moves a certain distance first, and then the second drive part 32 begins to move. The first drive part 31 moves to its position first, and the second drive part 32 continues to move until it is limited by the elongated groove 14, at which point the retraction movement is completely finished. When the quick-change device 1 and the working attachment 3 are not connected, when the drive mechanism 30 is operated to extend the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32, due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the second drive part 32 moves first, and the first drive part 31 moves slightly later. The second drive part 32 continues to move until it is limited by the elongated groove 14, and then the first drive part 31 can be fully extended to its position.

[0083] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the locking block 80 is configured to receive the front pin of a working attachment. The locking block 80 includes an arcuate recess 81 and an outer guide ramp 88 and an inner guide ramp 89 located at its outer end. The arcuate recess 81 is used to receive the front pin 301 of the working attachment. The outer guide ramp 88 is configured to facilitate the front pin 301 of the working attachment to be guided from the outside into the arcuate recess 81 of the locking block 80. The inner guide ramp 89 is configured to facilitate the front pin 301 of the working attachment to be guided from the arcuate recess 81 of the locking block 80 to the outside of the locking block 80.

[0084] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the main body 10 is provided with two front pin shaft mounting interfaces 11, two pin holes 12, two sliding grooves 13, an elongated groove 14, and a lower top member mounting hole 15. The front pin shaft mounting interfaces 11 are connected to the front pin shaft 301 of the working attachment; the locking pin 20 can be inserted into the pin hole 12 and slide longitudinally back and forth; the protrusion 87 of the locking block 80 can slide up and down in the sliding groove 13; the elongated groove 14 provides sliding guidance and movement limit for the drive mechanism 30, and the lower top member 90 can move longitudinally back and forth in the lower top member mounting hole 151.

[0085] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the outer end of the locking pin 20 has a chamfered surface for locking connection with the rear pin 302; the inner end of the locking pin 20 has a connecting thread for fixed connection with the drive mechanism 30. The drive mechanism 30 can be a hydraulic cylinder or other types of actuators. Taking a hydraulic cylinder as an example, the cylinder barrel at the front end of the drive mechanism 30 serves as the second drive part 32, and has a mounting hole for the locking pin 20, as well as a limiting post 321 and a second connecting plate 323. The limiting post 321 interacts with the elongated groove 14 of the drive mechanism on the main body 10 to limit the movement of the cylinder barrel in the drive mechanism 30; the second connecting plate 323 is used for the fixed installation of the upper pusher 100; the cylinder rod at the rear end of the drive mechanism 30 serves as the first drive part 31, and is fixedly connected to the lower pusher 90 through the first connecting plate 50. The cylinder barrel and cylinder rod of the drive mechanism 30 can move relative to each other, and the first connecting plate 50 can limit the movement of the cylinder rod of the drive mechanism 30. The fixing plate 60 is bolted to the main body 10. The bottom end of the reset elastic member 70 is mounted on the fixing plate 60, and the top end of the reset elastic member 70 abuts against the top of the locking block 80 to apply an upward biasing force to the locking block 80. The reset elastic member 70 can realize the reset of the locking block 80. The ends of the lower push member 90 and the upper push member 100 are provided with spherical structures to facilitate cooperation with other components.

[0086] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the locking block 80 includes an arcuate recess 81, a lower slope 82, a lower plane 83, an upper slope 84, an upper plane 85, a guide post 86, a protrusion 87, an outer guide slope 88, and an inner guide slope 89. The arcuate recess 81 is used to receive the front pin 301.

[0087] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and 7As shown, the spherical surface at the end of the lower push member 90 acts on the lower inclined surface 82, thereby driving the locking block 80 to slide upward in the main body 10; the lower plane 83 cooperates with the lower push member 90, and when the lower push member 90 moves to the position of the lower plane 83, the locking block 80 moves upward until the locking block 80 is in a locked state, which can realize the self-locking of the structural position of the locking block 80 and the lower push member 90. The spherical surface at the end of the upper push member 100 acts on the upper inclined surface 84, thereby driving the locking block 80 to slide downward in the main body 10; the upper plane 85 cooperates with the upper push member 100, and when the upper push member 100 moves to the position of the upper plane 85, the locking block 80 moves downward to the limit position, at which time the locking block 80 is in an open state; the reset elastic element 70 is installed on the guide post 86, and when the upper push member 100 does not interact with the upper inclined surface 84 and the upper plane 85, the reset elastic element 70 can lock the locking block 80; the protrusion 8 7 slides up and down in the groove 13 of the main body 10; the outer guide slope 88 and the inner guide slope 89 cooperate with the front pin 301 in the working attachment 3. When the spring stiffness of the reset elastic element 70 is relatively small, the locking block 80 is in the locked state under the action of the reset elastic element 70. Through the action of the front pin 301 and the outer guide slope 88, the front pin 301 can smoothly cut into the arc-shaped recess 81. Through the action of the front pin 301 and the inner guide slope 89, the front pin 301 can smoothly cut out of the arc-shaped recess 81.

[0088] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown in 8(a) and 8(b), the quick-change device 1 is in an unconnected state, the cylinder rod, locking pin 20, and lower push member 90 of the drive mechanism 30 are retracted, and the upper push member 100 is extended. The upper push member 100 extends and abuts against the upper inclined surface 84, pushing the locking block 80 to move downwards, and continues to extend and abut against the upper plane 85, so that the locking block 80 is in an open state. The opening size between the locking block 80 and the front end of the main body 10 is larger than the diameter of the front pin 301, so that the front pin 301 on the working attachment 3 can be freely inserted into the front pin hook interface 11 on the main body 10.

[0089] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown in 8(a) and 8(b), when the quick-change device 1 is in the connected and locked state, the cylinder rod of the drive mechanism 30 extends, the locking pin 20 extends, the lower pusher 90 extends, and the upper pusher 100 retracts. The beveled surface at the outer end of the locking pin 20 locks the rear pin 302. The lower pusher 90 extends and abuts against the lower inclined surface 82, pushing the locking block 80 to move upward and continuing to extend and abut against the lower plane 83, so that the locking block 80 is in the locked state. The opening size between the locking block 80 and the front end of the main body 10 is smaller than the diameter of the front pin 301, so that the front pin 301 of the working attachment 3 is locked in the front pin hanging interface 11 on the main body 10. Even if the locking pin 20 does not lock the rear pin 302, the working attachment 3 will not fall out of the quick-change device 1.

[0090] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, when the quick-change device 1 is in the connected and locked state, the force analysis of the locking block 80 shows that when the front pin 301 on the working attachment 3 tends to detach from the front pin mounting interface 11 on the main body 10, the lower push member 90 extends horizontally along the longitudinal direction, and the locking block 80 will be subjected to three forces, including the longitudinal horizontal force F1 of the front pin 301, the vertical upward force F2 of the lower push member 90, and the force F3 of the slide groove 13. F3 is decomposed into a longitudinal horizontal component F. 1x and the vertical downward component F 1y , making F 1x =F3 and F 1y =F2, therefore the lower pusher 90 is not subjected to any force in the horizontal direction, that is, the lower pusher 90 will not retract due to the action of the front pin 301. Even if the drive mechanism 30 is damaged or the first connecting plate 50 is damaged, as long as the lower pusher 90 is installed in the lower pusher mounting hole 151 of the main body 10, the locking block 80 will not move downward and thus remain locked. Since the weight of the working attachment acts on the locking block 80, the cooperation between the locking block 80 and the lower pusher 90 realizes the mechanical self-locking between the engineering machinery quick change device 1 and the working attachment 3.

[0091] This invention provides a quick-change device for engineering machinery. The quick-change device and the front and rear pins of the working attachment are double-locked by a drive mechanism driving a locking block and a locking pin. After the front pin of the working attachment and the locking block on the quick-change device are locked in place, the structure can achieve mechanical self-locking, which improves the locking safety. Even if the drive mechanism fails or is damaged, the locking safety between the locking block and the front pin of the working attachment can still be guaranteed.

[0092] The foregoing description of this invention illustrates and describes some exemplary embodiments. Various additions, modifications, alterations, etc., can be made to these exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All content contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying drawings is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Furthermore, only selected embodiments of the invention have been shown and described; however, the invention can be used and modified in various other combinations, modifications, and environments within the scope of the inventive concept expressed herein, in proportion to the foregoing teachings, and / or within the skill or knowledge of those skilled in the art. Moreover, certain features and characteristics of each embodiment may be selectively interchanged and applied to other illustrated and unillustrated embodiments of the invention.

Claims

1. A quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery, used to achieve quick and releaseable locking between the main unit (2) and the working attachment (3), comprising: The main body (10) has a front end and a rear end along the longitudinal direction, and the rear end is provided with a through pin hole (12). A locking pin (20), longitudinally movable along the pin hole (12), releasably locks the rear pin of the working attachment between the outer end of the locking pin (20) and the rear end of the body (10); and A locking block (80) for receiving the front pin of the working attachment (3) is arranged at the front end of the body (10), and the locking block (80) is movable up and down in the body (10) to switch between an open state and a locked state. In the open state, the front pin of the working attachment (3) can move in and out of the locking block (80), and in the locked state, the front pin of the working attachment (3) is locked between the locking block (80) and the front end of the body (10). The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery includes a drive mechanism (30), which is located between the rear end of the main body (10) and the locking block (80), and includes a first drive part (31) and a second drive part (32) that can move linearly in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction. The first drive part (31) can drive the locking block (80) to move upward in the main body (10), and the second drive part (32) can drive the locking pin (20) to move along the longitudinal direction. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery includes at least one of an upper top part (100) and a lower top part (90); The upper push member (100) is fixedly connected to the second drive part (32) and can be extended and retracted longitudinally with the second drive part (32). When the upper push member (100) is extended, the upper push member (100) presses the top of the locking block (80) to move the locking block (80) downward to the open state. When the upper push member (100) is retracted, the upper push member (100) disengages from contact with the top of the locking block (80). The lower push member (90) is fixedly connected to the first drive part (31) and can extend and retract as the first drive part (31) moves longitudinally. When the lower push member (90) is extended, the lower push member (90) pushes the bottom of the locking block (80) upward, causing the locking block (80) to move upward to the locked state. When the lower push member (90) is retracted, the lower push member (90) disengages from the locking block (80).

2. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1 includes a reset elastic element (70) located between the main body (10) and the locking block (80), and abutting against the locking block (80) from below to bias the locking block (80) upward.

3. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 2, wherein the main body (10) is provided with a slide groove (13), the reset elastic element (70) is located in the slide groove (13), the locking block (80) is provided with a protrusion (87), the protrusion (87) is slidably arranged in the slide groove (13), and the reset elastic element (70) is located in the slide groove (13) with its top end abutting against the protrusion (87).

4. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 2, wherein the rigidity of the reset elastic element (70) is small, such that when the locking block (80) is only subjected to the weight of the working attachment, the reset elastic element (70) is compressed by the weight of the working attachment to make the locking block (80) be in the open state.

5. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 2, wherein the rigidity of the reset elastic element (70) is relatively large, such that when the locking block (80) only bears the weight of the working attachment, the weight of the working attachment is insufficient to compress the reset elastic element (70) to the point that the locking block (80) is in the open state.

6. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the lower top part (90) is fixedly connected to the first drive part (31) through the first connecting plate (50).

7. The quick-change device for engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the main body (10) is provided with a lower top member mounting hole (151), and the lower top member (90) passes through the lower top member mounting hole (151) and is movable longitudinally to abut against and push the bottom of the locking block (80).

8. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1 includes an anti-loosening spring (40) arranged between the front end of the main body (10) and the second drive unit (32).

9. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 8, wherein the second drive part (32) is provided with a through hole (322) aligned with the pin hole (12), the inner end of the locking pin (20) passes through the pin hole (12) and the through hole (322) in sequence and extends out of the second drive part, and one end of the anti-loosening spring (40) is fitted on the inner end of the locking pin (20).

10. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the upper top part (100) is fixedly connected to the second drive part (32) through the second connecting plate (323).

11. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the lower top member (90) extends below the bottom of the locking block (80), so that the locking block (80) is in the locked state; or The upper top member (100) extends above the top of the locking block (80), so that the locking block (80) is in the open state.

12. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 11, wherein the bottom of the locking block (80) includes a lower inclined surface (82) and a lower flat surface (83), and the top of the locking block (80) includes an upper inclined surface (84) and an upper flat surface (85); and The end of the lower push member (90) is rounded, used to push the lower inclined surface (82) upward when the lower push member (90) extends, so that the locking block (80) moves upward in the body (10), and the lower push member (90) abuts against the lower plane (83), so that the locking block (80) is in a locked state; or The end of the upper top member (100) is rounded and is used to press the upper inclined surface (84) downward when the upper top member (100) is extended so that the locking block (80) moves downward in the body (10), and the upper plane (85) abuts against the upper top member (100) so that the locking block (80) is in the open state.

13. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the second drive unit (32) is movably disposed on the main body (10) along the longitudinal direction and is fixedly connected to the inner end of the locking pin (20).

14. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 13, wherein each of the two transverse ends of the second drive unit (32) is provided with a limiting post (321), and each of the two transverse sides of the main body (10) is provided with a slender groove (14), and the two limiting posts (321) are respectively slidable along the two slender grooves (14) to limit the longitudinal movement range of the second drive unit (32).

15. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the locking block (80) includes an arc-shaped recess (81) for accommodating the front pin of the working attachment, and the outer end of the locking block (80) is provided with an outer guide slope (88) and an inner exit slope (89), wherein the outer guide slope (88) is configured to facilitate the front pin of the working attachment to be guided into the arc-shaped recess (81), and the inner exit slope (89) is configured to facilitate the front pin of the working attachment to be exited from the arc-shaped recess (81).

16. The quick-change device (1) for engineering machinery according to claim 1, wherein the first drive part (31) is a cylinder rod, the second drive part (32) is a cylinder assembly, and the cylinder rod is arranged in the cylinder assembly.

17. An engineering machine, comprising a main unit (2), a working attachment (3) and an engineering machine quick-change device (1) according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the working attachment (3) is provided with a front pin (301) and a rear pin (302), and the main unit (2) is releasably connected to the working attachment (3) through the engineering machine quick-change device (1).

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