A short-wall mining method and mining equipment for sedimentary bauxite

Abstract

The present invention provides a sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining method and mining equipment, belonging to the technical field of bauxite mining. The technical scheme is: a sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining method and equipment, the proposed bauxite mining method is a short-wall mining method, the working face length is 30 to 50 meters, wherein the ore-dropping method adopts blasting or pick impact mining machine, the short-wall mining method adopts a light hydraulic support top protection, the light hydraulic support is designed with a vertical baffle, which can block flying stones and prevent the blasting flying stones from damaging the equipment; the pick impact mining machine changes the pressure peak and impact frequency of the pick impact to adapt to bauxite ores with different hardness, the bauxite mining machine and the support and transportation system can realize continuous operation, thereby improving the mining efficiency and safety of bauxite.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bauxite mining, and in particular to a sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining method and mining equipment. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the world and an important material for economic and social development. my country is a major aluminum industry country, and the amount of bauxite mining has increased year by year.

[0003] The current mining methods of bauxite are still mainly open-pit mining, filling mining and caving mining. The open-pit mining method usually divides the ore block into chambers and pillars through reasonable planning, and mines in two steps, first mining the chambers and then mining the pillars. The goaf generated when mining the chambers is not treated, relying on the strength of the pillars and the ore rock itself for support. Generally, the surrounding rock is required to be stable. This method generally leaves a large number of pillars, and mining is difficult. The goaf also needs to be treated, which not only wastes resources, but also has low efficiency and high safety risks. The filling mining method also mines in two parts: chambers and pillars, but the goaf will be gradually filled as the working face advances when mining the chambers, that is, the ground pressure is managed by filling the goaf. The caving mining method is to fill the goaf with collapsed ore body rocks in a planned manner as the ore is mined. This method has strict requirements on geological conditions, high labor intensity, and complex roof management.

[0004] The mining process generally uses drilling and blasting as the main method, supplemented by blasting hammers, and uses a scraper, tricycle or scraper to remove the ore. The drilling and blasting method first requires determining the location, direction and depth of the blasting hole on the cross section, then drilling, filling explosives, sealing the hole and detonating. This process has many disadvantages: poor safety; there is a risk of flying rocks from blasting injuring people or machines.

[0005] Comprehensive mining is a comprehensive mechanized mining process, which is currently mainly used in the field of coal mining. At present, enterprises use "three machines" supporting equipment (coal mining machine, scraper conveyor, hydraulic support) for mining, which has the advantages of high safety, high efficiency, high automation rate, and saving human resources.

[0006] Due to the high hardness of bauxite ore and the relatively stable surrounding rock, considering safety and efficiency, traditional hydraulic supports are relatively heavy and not suitable for roof protection and production work on short-wall working faces. On the other hand, conventional fully mechanized mining technology is only suitable for coal with lower hardness. The mining of hard ore layers will lead to high energy consumption of traditional mechanical cutting technology, severe wear of cutting teeth, and short service life. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the background technology and provide a sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining method and equipment. The proposed bauxite mining method is a short-wall mining method with a working face length of 30 to 50 meters. The ore dropping method adopts blasting or a pick impact mining machine. The short-wall mining method adopts a light hydraulic support top protection. The light hydraulic support is designed with a vertical baffle to block flying rocks and prevent the blasting flying rocks from damaging the equipment. The pick impact mining machine changes the pressure peak and impact frequency of the pick impact to adapt to bauxite ores with different hardnesses. The bauxite mining machine and the support and transportation system can achieve continuous operation, thereby improving the mining efficiency and safety of bauxite.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is specifically: a sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Develop two tunnels in the ore body layout area, with a distance of 30 to 50 meters between the two tunnels;

[0010] S2. Develop a tunnel at the end of the two tunnels to form an independent return air system and serve as a bauxite mining working face. The transport tunnel uses a belt conveyor to transport ore;

[0011] S3. Arrange hydraulic supports or hydraulic props on the working surface. If the mining method is the caving method, use the caving hydraulic supports. If the mining method is the filling method, use the filling hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports or hydraulic props are placed at a certain distance. The number is controlled under the premise of ensuring safe support, so as to facilitate moving.

[0012] S4. The ore dropping method has two modes according to the different hardness of the ore. When the Proctor hardness coefficient of the ore is less than 8, the ore dropping adopts mechanical impact cutting, that is, a scraper conveyor and a pick impact roller mining machine are arranged on the working surface. The pick impact roller mining machine relies on the scraper conveyor to move and complete the ore cutting work, and can change the pressure peak and impact frequency of the pick impact to adapt to bauxite ores with different hardness, and can only realize the impact action of the part that contacts the ore, so that the energy is concentrated on the pick that can achieve effective impact under the condition of constant power;

[0013] S5, the pick impact drum miner cuts the ore on the short wall working surface, and the bauxite ore after falling is transported out of the working surface by the scraper conveyor. When the backfilling method is adopted for mining, the goaf can be backfilled to achieve backfilling while mining, thereby ensuring the stability of the overburden strata and achieving protective mining;

[0014] S6. When the Proctor hardness coefficient of the ore is greater than 8, the ore is dropped by blasting. A scraper conveyor is arranged on the short wall working face. Multiple rock drills can move freely on the scraper conveyor and drill holes for filling explosives to blast the ore. The scraper conveyor can transport ore. The hydraulic support is provided with a front guard plate, which can droop to block the flying rocks caused by blasting, and make a part of the flying rocks fall onto the scraper conveyor and be directly transported out of the working face. The remaining flying rocks are loaded onto the scraper conveyor by a slag scraper and transported out of the working face.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S1, the two tunnels are 30 to 50 m apart, that is, the length of the working face is 30 to 50 m, which is determined by the thickness of the ore body, geological conditions, the average speed of the mining machine cutting the bauxite ore body, ventilation capacity and safety production requirements.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the collapse hydraulic support adopted in the collapse method has a large roof protection area and is light in weight, is easy to move, controls the top beam support shape to adapt to the uneven top plate, controls the base shape to effectively improve the bottoming phenomenon, and improves the overall stability of the support through inter-frame connections.

[0017] The filling hydraulic support used in the filling method can transport the filling material and perform compaction.

[0018] Further, in the step S4, the pick impact drum mining machine changes the pressure peak and impact frequency of the pick impact according to the hardness of the ore;

[0019] The method for determining the peak pressure and impact frequency of the pick impact is as follows: taking rock samples on site and testing the confining pressure, testing the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock samples to obtain the compressive strength of the rock formation, and determining the impact pressure peak and impact frequency based on the compressive strength range.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the pick impacting drum mining machine can implement impacting action only on the portion in contact with the ore, and the area of ​​the drum occupied by the impact pick is always larger than the area of ​​the portion in contact with the ore body.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S6, the plurality of rock drills can move freely on the scraper conveyor and cooperate with each other to drill blasting holes according to a pre-designed procedure. The front guard plate of the hydraulic support can droop when the blasting work is ready to block the flying rocks generated during the blasting process. The front guard plate is adjusted to a certain angle so that a part of the flying rocks can fall onto the scraper conveyor, making it convenient for the scraper conveyor to directly transport ore.

[0022] Furthermore, the crawler rock drill can replace the rock drill for drilling. When the crawler rock drill is used for drilling, the scraper conveyor is not arranged in the working surface. The crawler rock drill relies on its own crawler structure to move. The hydraulic support is used to protect the top. The front guard plate of the hydraulic support is drooped to block the flying rocks caused by blasting, and the scattered flying rocks are confined to the space formed by the mine wall and the front guard plate of the hydraulic support. After the mine falls, the scattered ore is transported by a scraper and a mine car.

[0023] Furthermore, when drilling with a crawler rock drill, the hydraulic support relies on the frame moving crossbeam to perform a pushing movement, and the frame moving crossbeams are connected to each other and fixed in pairs with fixing pins for easy disassembly.

[0024] The present invention also provides a sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining equipment, including a pick impact drum miner and a light hydraulic support;

[0025] The pick impact drum mining machine comprises a mining machine body, a rocker arm, a drum, a walking part, an auxiliary device and a control system. Two rockers are provided, which are respectively provided on both sides of the mining machine body. One end of the rocker arm is hinged to the mining machine body, and the other end is connected to the drum. A plurality of impact parts are provided on the drum, and picks are provided on the impact parts. The control system can make the picks reciprocate through the impact parts to perform an impact action cycle.

[0026] The light hydraulic support includes a collapse hydraulic support and a filling hydraulic support.

[0027] Furthermore, the control system adopts a hydraulic control system, the impact part is a hydraulic impact part, the hydraulic impact part includes a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod connected to the piston inside the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, the other end of the piston rod is threadedly connected to the pick, and the hydraulic control system drives the piston rod to reciprocate through the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder to make the pick perform an impact action cycle;

[0028] The bidirectional hydraulic cylinder is provided with a gear sleeve, and the gear sleeve provides a guiding function for the pick.

[0029] Furthermore, the hydraulic control system includes a motor, a hydraulic pump, and an electromagnetic reversing valve. The hydraulic pump is driven by the motor, the input end of the hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic oil tank on the mining machine body, the output end of the hydraulic pump is connected to the inlet end of the electromagnetic reversing valve through a hydraulic pipeline, and the output end of the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the two ends of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder through a hydraulic pipeline.

[0030] The electromagnetic reversing valve adopts a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, which is used to control the movement direction of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder and the impact frequency;

[0031] An oil filter, a one-way valve, an accumulator and a relief valve are also arranged between the hydraulic pump and the electromagnetic reversing valve, and an X-cylinder electromagnetic valve and a Y-cylinder electromagnetic valve are respectively arranged on the two hydraulic pipelines between the electromagnetic reversing valve and the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder.

[0032] Further, the control system adopts a circuit control system, the circuit control system includes a power supply system, a wire and a circuit protector, the impact part is an electromagnetic impact part, the electromagnetic impact part includes a current converter, a coil, an electromagnet 1, an electromagnet 2 and a permanent magnet, the electromagnet 1 is close to one end of the permanent magnet, the electromagnet 2 is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet, the magnetism of the electromagnet 1 is opposite to that of the electromagnet 2, a tooth sleeve is arranged at one end of the permanent magnet away from the electromagnet 1, and the tooth sleeve is threadedly connected to the pick;

[0033] The power supply system provides current to the electromagnetic impact part, and the current converter is used to control the direction of the coil current and the impact frequency, so that electromagnet 1 attracts the permanent magnet and electromagnet 2 repels the permanent magnet, or electromagnet 1 repels the permanent magnet and electromagnet 2 attracts the permanent magnet, thereby driving the permanent magnet to reciprocate and allowing the pick to perform an impact action cycle.

[0034] Furthermore, the impact picks on the drum are evenly divided into 8 partitions, each partition independently controls the impact action of the pick, and the partitions for impact are concentrated on one side of the forward direction of the mining machine, and the total area of ​​the partitions for impact is always larger than the area of ​​the contact part between the drum and the ore body;

[0035] A disc sensor is provided on the rocker arm. The disc sensor has 8 contacts evenly distributed on the disc. Each contact corresponds to a roller impact partition. The semi-disc is arc-shaped with an angle of 225 degrees. There are 5 contacts in total. Whether the cutting teeth of the roller impact partition perform impact action is controlled by whether the contacts between the disc and the semi-disc are in contact.

[0036] Furthermore, the collapse hydraulic support is used for the collapse mining method, which adopts a single column, the top beam is hinged, the bottom is designed with a bottom lifting mechanism, and two anti-collapse jacks are designed on the side of the support, which are connected between the frames to ensure the overall stability of the support;

[0037] The filling hydraulic support is used for the filling mining method, which adopts a bidirectional top beam structure, and a filling body transportation structure and a filling material compacting structure are arranged on the side close to the goaf.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The present invention proposes a method for mining bauxite. In the traditional room-and-pillar method, rooms and pillars are generally arranged alternately. The pillars are circular, rectangular or strip-shaped and arranged regularly. The roof is supported by the pillars. The work organization is relatively simple, the proportion of the ore volume in the pillars is relatively large, and continuous pillars can reach 40%. The resource loss is extremely serious, and the ore is generally dropped by a blasting hammer and transported by a scraper, resulting in low production efficiency. The blasting method generally does not require support or performs simple support. The ore is dropped by drilling and blasting. It is necessary to first drill holes in the ore body according to certain rules, then load explosives, and then blast, and use a scraper to remove the ore. This method of dropping ore is less safe. The above two mining methods are difficult to meet the current demand for bauxite ore and the requirements of enterprises to control production costs. Comprehensive mechanized mining was first applied to coal mines. The "three machines" supporting equipment (coal mining machine, scraper conveyor, hydraulic support) was used to mine coal, and the hydraulic support was used for support to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel in the working space. The coal mining machine continuously cuts coal and cooperates with the scraper conveyor for continuous operation. It has the advantages of high safety, high efficiency, high automation rate, and saving human resources. Based on the characteristics of the above-mentioned comprehensive mechanized coal mining, the short-wall bauxite pick impact drum mining machine ore dropping method proposed in the present invention is to change the pick movement mode of the drum mining machine so that it performs an impact action on the basis of rotating rock breaking to adapt to the ore dropping of bauxite ore with greater hardness. On this basis, combined with the characteristics of the coal mining method, the short-wall working face with higher flexibility is used to carry out the mining and transportation process of bauxite, thereby realizing continuous operation and solving the problem of low ore dropping efficiency and discontinuous process of the room-pillar method and blasting method.

[0040] 2. The second method of dropping ore proposed by the present invention is blasting ore dropping. A scraper conveyor is arranged on the short wall working face. Multiple rock drills can move freely on the scraper conveyor and drill holes for filling explosives to blast the ore. The scraper conveyor can transport ore. The front guard plate of the light hydraulic support can droop to block the flying rocks caused by blasting, and make a part of the flying rocks collapse onto the scraper conveyor and be directly transported out of the working face. The remaining flying rocks are loaded onto the scraper conveyor by a slag scraper and transported out of the working face. Compared with the traditional mining method of dropping ore by blasting, the method proposed by the present invention uses a scraper conveyor to transport ore, which is more efficient. Moreover, multiple rock drills can move freely on the scraper conveyor and cooperate with each other to drill blasting holes according to a pre-designed program. The front guard plate of the light hydraulic support can droop when the blasting work is ready to block the flying rocks generated during the blasting process. The front guard plate is adjusted to a certain angle, so that a part of the flying rocks can fall onto the scraper conveyor, which is convenient for the scraper conveyor to directly transport ore.

[0041] 3. The present invention proposes a bauxite mining equipment, namely, a pick impact drum mining machine, wherein the pick impact of the pick impact drum mining machine is achieved in two ways:

[0042] The first type of pick impact is achieved through a hydraulic system, including a motor, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic pipeline, a hydraulic oil tank, a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, an electromagnetic reversing valve, a fluid replenishing device and a safety valve.

[0043] The three-phase motor, plunger pump, electromagnetic reversing valve, fluid replenishing device and overflow valve are all arranged on the rocker arm. The hydraulic oil is connected to the hydraulic oil tank on the mining machine body through a pipeline. The hydraulic oil tank provides hydraulic oil, and the motor drives the hydraulic pump to deliver the hydraulic oil, which is delivered to the two-way hydraulic cylinder of each pick through a hydraulic pipeline. The movement direction of the two-way hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the electromagnetic valve. The one-way valve is used to adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system, so as to change the pressure peak of the pick impact. The impact frequency of the pick is controlled by changing the opening and closing frequency of the one-way valve that controls the pick impact, so as to achieve the effect of changing the pressure peak and impact frequency of the pick impact according to the hardness of the ore;

[0044] The second type of pick impact is achieved by electromagnetic drive:

[0045] During operation, electromagnet 1 is energized to form a magnetic pole with the same polarity as the tail of the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is repelled by electromagnet 1, and at the same time, it is attracted by electromagnet 2 and repelled by electromagnet 1. The pick is subjected to the force of three pairs of magnets to perform impact movement outward; at the end of the impact movement, the currents of electromagnet 1 and electromagnet 2 are reversed under the action of the current commutator, and the magnetic poles of electromagnet 1 and electromagnet 2 are reversed. At this time, the pick retreats and prepares for the next impact movement; the movement direction of the pick driven by the electromagnetic impact part is controlled by the current converter, and the impact frequency can also be controlled to adapt to ores with different hardness conditions.

[0046] 4. The impact picks on the drum are evenly divided into 8 zones, each of which independently controls the impact action of the picks, and the zones for impact are concentrated on the side of the forward direction of the mining machine. The total area of ​​the zones for impact is always larger than the area of ​​the contact between the drum and the ore body. Its function is realized by the disc sensor: the disc sensor has 8 contacts, which are evenly distributed on the disc, and each contact corresponds to a drum impact zone. The semi-disc is arc-shaped with an angle of 225 degrees and a total of 5 contacts. Whether the contacts between the disc and the semi-disc are in contact is used to control whether the picks in the drum impact zone perform impact action. The disc part of the disc sensor rotates with the drum, and the semi-disc part can rotate automatically according to the movement direction and posture of the mining machine, so that the picks in the 5 zones on the drum perform impact action, and the impact area includes the contact area between the drum and the ore, so that energy is concentrated on the picks that can achieve effective impact under certain power conditions, thereby maximizing the ore cutting effect.

[0047] The pick realizes impact action through the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder or the action of the electromagnet. Compared with the traditional pick, it realizes ore cutting through the synergistic effect of cutting and impact. For ores with higher hardness, the cutting effect can be increased, overcoming the deficiency of conventional picks that cannot cut harder ores.

[0048] 5. The present invention provides a bauxite mining equipment, namely a light hydraulic support suitable for the caving method and the filling method;

[0049] The lightweight collapse hydraulic support adopts a single column, has a large roof protection area and is light in weight, making it easy to move. The top beam is hinged, which can be used when the roof is uneven. The bottom is designed with a bottom lifting mechanism, which can effectively improve the bottoming phenomenon. Two anti-collapse jacks are designed on the side of the support, which are connected between the frames, so the overall stability of the support is high.

[0050] Light filling hydraulic support. The hydraulic support used in the filling method is the same as the hydraulic support used in the collapse method. It adopts a two-way top beam structure. A filling body transportation structure and a filling material compaction structure are also provided on the side close to the goaf, so that mining and filling can be carried out simultaneously. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the mining method.

[0053] Figure 2 This is the cross-section diagram of the working surface of the caving method.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the working surface of the filling method.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper conveyor and rock drill cooperating to drop the mine.

[0056] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the hydraulic support baffle blocking flying rocks when using a scraper conveyor.

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a crawler rock drill dropping into a mine.

[0058] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the hydraulic support baffle to block flying rocks when the frame beam is moved.

[0059] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the frame shifting beam.

[0060] Fig. 9 This is the schematic diagram of the hydraulic impact system.

[0061] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the disc sensor.

[0062] Fig.11 This is an overall schematic diagram of the mining machine.

[0063] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the right rocker arm.

[0064] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the pick.

[0065] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of a rotary joint.

[0066] Fig.15 It is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic impact part.

[0067] Fig.16 It is a light collapse hydraulic support.

[0068] Fig.17 It is a light filling hydraulic support.

[0069] Among them, the figures are marked as follows: 1, goaf; 2, hydraulic support; 3, polluted air; 4, bauxite; 5, working face; 6, fresh air; 7, ore transportation direction; 8, collapse hydraulic support; 9, scraper conveyor; 10, pick impact roller mining machine; 11, filling body; 12, filling hydraulic support; 15, rock drilling rig; 18, crawler rock drilling rig; 19, flying stone baffle; 20, crossbeam; 21, fixing pin; 22, fuel tank; 23, Hydraulic pump; 24, motor; 25, oil filter; 26, one-way valve; 27, accumulator; 28, overflow valve; 29, electromagnetic reversing valve; 30, X-cylinder electromagnetic valve; 31, Y-cylinder electromagnetic valve; 32, two-way hydraulic cylinder; 33, bottom contact; 34, angle contact; 36, mining machine body; 37, walking part; 38, rocker arm; 39, rocker arm motor; 40, electromagnetic reversing valve and control module; 41, motor and hydraulic pump combination; 4 2. Hydraulic pipeline; 44. Gear sleeve; 45. Pick; 46. Rear cylinder of bidirectional hydraulic cylinder; 47. Piston; 48. Front cylinder of bidirectional hydraulic cylinder; 49. Pick thread; 50. Connecting center shaft; 51. End bearing; 52. Wear-resistant sealing ring; 53. Rotating body; 54. End bearing; 55. Circuit protector; 56. Electromagnet 1; 57. Permanent magnet; 59. Electromagnet 2; 63. Baffle A; 64. Top beam A; 65. Side guard Plate A; 66, side guard plate B; 67, top beam B; 68, anti-falling jack A; 69, side guard plate of protective beam; 70, rear connecting rod; 71, front connecting rod; 72, base; 73, anti-falling jack B; 74, lifting bottom plate; 75, pushing jack; 76, lifting bottom jack; 77, baffle C; 78, baffle B; 79, material scraper; 80, top beam C; 81, tamping body; 82, tamping and adjusting jack; 83, tamping arm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0071] The present invention provides a sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining equipment and a mining method. The traditional bauxite open-field mining method usually divides the ore block into a mine room and a mine pillar through reasonable planning, and mines in two steps, first mining the mine room and then mining the mine pillar. The goaf 1 generated when mining the mine room is not treated, and the support is supported by the strength of the mine pillar and the ore rock itself. Generally, the surrounding rock is required to be stable. This method generally leaves a large number of mine pillars, and mining is more difficult. The goaf 1 also needs to be treated, which not only wastes resources, but also has low efficiency and high safety risks. The filling mining method is also divided into two parts, the mine room and the mine pillar, for mining. However, when mining the mining chamber, the goaf 1 will be gradually filled with the working face 5, that is, the ground pressure will be managed by filling the goaf 1; the caving mining method is to fill the goaf 1 with collapsed ore body rock in a planned manner as the ore is mined. This method has strict requirements on geological conditions, high labor intensity, and complex roof management; the mining process generally uses drilling and blasting as the main method, with blasting as the auxiliary method, and uses a scraper, tricycle or shovel to mine; the drilling and blasting method first needs to determine the position, direction and depth of the blasting hole on the section, and then drill, load explosives, seal the hole and detonate. This process has many disadvantages: poor safety; blasting flying rocks have the risk of injuring people or machines; taking the above two factors into consideration, the wall mining method with a higher degree of mechanization has a small risk of roof collapse, higher safety, easy to realize automation, low labor intensity and high mining rate; based on the characteristics of the above wall mining method, combined with the characteristics of the undulating sedimentary bauxite ore body and the hard ore body, this paper proposes a bauxite short-wall mining method, setting a working face 5 with a length of 30 to 50m, which is convenient to move and has strong adaptability. According to the hardness of the ore, the pick impact drum miner 10 or blasting ore is used to improve the mining efficiency and safety of bauxite. The specific technical means are as follows:

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, two tunnels are developed in the ore body layout area, and the distance between the two tunnels is 30 to 50 meters; a tunnel is developed at the end of the two tunnels to form an independent return air system and serve as the bauxite mining face 4 5. The mining methods include caving method and filling method;

[0073] like Figure 2As shown, when the caving method is adopted, the light hydraulic support 2 is a caving hydraulic support 8. The light caving hydraulic support 8 is arranged on the working face 5. The light caving hydraulic support 8 is placed at a certain distance. The number is controlled under the premise of ensuring safety, which is convenient for moving; a scraper conveyor 9 and a pick impact roller mining machine 10 are arranged on the working face 5. The pick impact roller mining machine 10 relies on the scraper conveyor 9 to move and complete the ore cutting work; the pick impact roller mining machine 10 cuts ore on the short wall working face 5, and the forward direction is consistent with the forward direction of the hydraulic support. The bauxite 4 after falling is transported out of the working face 5 by the scraper conveyor 9.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, when the filling method is adopted, the light hydraulic support 2 is a filling hydraulic support 12, and the light filling hydraulic support 12 is arranged on the working face 5. The light filling hydraulic support 12 has a material transportation and compaction structure on the side of the goaf 1. The filling material is transported to the designated filling area through the scraper under the rear top beam, and the compaction arm 83 is adjusted in position by the adjusting jack, and the goaf 1 is filled under the repeated compression of the compaction body 81.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, another way of dropping ore is blasting. A scraper conveyor 9 is arranged on the short wall working face 5. Multiple rock drills 15 can move freely on the scraper conveyor 9 and perform drilling to fill explosives for blasting the ore. The scraper conveyor 9 can transport ore. The front guard plate of the light hydraulic support 2 can droop to block the flying rocks caused by blasting, and make a part of the flying rocks fall onto the scraper conveyor 9 and be directly transported out of the working face 5. The remaining flying rocks are loaded onto the scraper conveyor 9 by a slag scraper and transported out of the working face 5. The gears of the walking part 37 of the rock drill 15 are meshed with the pin rails on the scraper conveyor 9, thereby driving the rock drill 15 to move freely on the scraper conveyor 9.

[0076] like Figure 5 As shown, when the ore dropping method is blasting, a scraper conveyor 9 is arranged on the short wall working face 5. After the rock drill 15 completes drilling and burying explosives, it leaves the area to be blasted. At this time, the front baffle of the light hydraulic support 2 droops, and the baffle angle is adjusted by multiple jacks so that the blasted ore falls onto the scraper conveyor 9 after being blown away, which is convenient for transportation.

[0077] like Figure 6 As shown, the short wall working face 5 is drilled by a crawler rock drill 18. In this method, no scraper conveyor 9 is arranged in the working face 5. The crawler rock drill 18 moves by its own crawler structure, and a light hydraulic support 2 is used to protect the top. Its front guard plate droops to block blasting flying rocks, and the scattered blasting flying rocks are limited to the space formed by the mine wall and the front guard plate of the hydraulic support 2. After the mine falls, a slag scraper and a mine car are used to transport the scattered ore.

[0078] like Figure 7As shown, when the ore dropping method is blasting, the crawler rock drill 18 leaves the area to be blasted after completing drilling and burying explosives. At this time, the front baffle of the light hydraulic support 2 droops, and the baffle angle is adjusted by multiple jacks, so that the blasted ore falls into the space formed by the baffle below the hydraulic support 2 and the working surface 5 after being blown away, which is convenient for using a slag scraper and a mine car to transport the scattered ore.

[0079] like Figure 8 As shown, when the crawler rock drill 18 is used for drilling, the hydraulic support 2 is moved by means of the frame moving cross beam 20, and the frame moving cross beams 20 are connected to each other and fixed in pairs by fixing pins 21 for easy disassembly.

[0080] like Figures 9 to 17 As shown, in order to implement the bauxite 4 mining method on site, the present invention proposes bauxite 4 mining equipment.

[0081] The pick 45 of the pick impact roller mining machine 10 adopted by the present invention is a pick shaped pick 45. Generally, the cutting of ore by the pick shaped pick 45 can be divided into four stages: the extrusion deformation stage, the crack generation stage, the dense core generation stage, and the crack development and block collapse stage. When cutting ore, due to the high hardness of bauxite 4, the ability of the pick shaped pick 45 to penetrate the ore is reduced. When the walking part 37 provides power in the direction of movement of the mining machine and the motor 24 drives the drum to rotate, the pressure obtained by the pick shaped pick 45 in the direction of movement of the mining machine and the torque in the circumferential direction of the drum are insufficient to penetrate the ore. The drum part is in a state of accumulating energy, and there will be a short-term "idling" phenomenon with low ore cutting efficiency. Specifically, the tooth marks are clear, and the ore body is scraped off only by the pick 45. This phenomenon will not only cause wear and fatigue damage to the pick 45, but also cause damage to the mining machine in more serious cases. The impact pick 45 will apply high-frequency impact in the axial pressing stage of the pick 45, making it easier for the pick shaped pick 45 to penetrate the ore without going through the energy accumulation stage. This will reduce the "idle" phenomenon in the ore cutting process, improve the ore cutting efficiency, and also increase the life of the mining machine and the pick-shaped pick 45. The pick-shaped pick 45 rotates with the drum and contacts the ore at a certain initial velocity, accompanied by high-frequency impact, and the ore is then squeezed and deformed. The high-frequency impact strengthens the effect of the pick-shaped pick 45 invading the ore; then microcracks are generated in the ore, and then the microcracks in the impact area merge and penetrate to form a dense core; repeated impacts produce a relatively large impact load, strengthen the crack development process, and accelerate the block collapse stage, which is conducive to cutting ore; based on the above-mentioned characteristics of the pick 45 impacting and breaking rocks, the present invention proposes a pick 45 impacting a drum mining machine 10, which can improve the effect of cutting ore, and the specific technical means are as follows:

[0082] like Fig. 9As shown, the hydraulic system of the pick 45 impacting the roller mining machine 10 includes an oil tank 22, a plunger pump, a three-phase motor, an oil filter 25, a one-way valve 26, an accumulator 27, a relief valve 28, a two-position four-way valve, a solenoid valve, and a two-way hydraulic cylinder 32. The three-phase motor transmits power to the plunger pump, and the hydraulic oil is transported to the two-way hydraulic cylinder 32 of each pick 45 through a pipeline through the two-position four-way valve and the hydraulic rotary joint at the center axis of the roller. Under the action of the solenoid valve, the two-way hydraulic cylinder piston 47 reciprocates, and the pick 45 is connected to the piston 47 through a thread. Under the action of the piston 47, each pick 45 performs a reciprocating impact motion; the movement direction of the two-way hydraulic cylinder 32 of the three-phase motor, the plunger pump, the two-position four-way valve and the relief valve 28 on the rocker arm 38 is controlled by the solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve can also control the impact frequency to adapt to ores with different hardness conditions.

[0083] The two-position four-way valve plays the role of changing the direction of the high-pressure oil. The three-phase motor drives the plunger pump to generate high-pressure oil. The A1 and A2 solenoid valves are opened, and the hydraulic oil enters the Y chamber of the two-way hydraulic cylinder 32. The piston 47 moves toward the head of the two-way hydraulic cylinder to push the pick 45 to achieve a stroke movement. After completing the stroke movement, the two-position four-way valve is energized and reversed, and the high-pressure oil enters the X chamber of the two-way hydraulic cylinder. The piston 47 moves toward the tail of the two-way hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic oil in the Y chamber is discharged into the oil tank 22. The nitrogen in the Z chamber is compressed and stored. At this time, the pick 45 retreats and prepares for the next impact movement, thereby performing a reciprocating impact movement.

[0084] In order to adapt to ores with different hardness, the impact of the pick 45 on the drum miner 10 can change the pressure peak and impact frequency of the pick 45 .

[0085] Method for determining the peak pressure and impact frequency of the impact of the pick 45: taking rock samples on site and testing the confining pressure, testing the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock samples to obtain the compressive strength of the rock formation, and determining the impact pressure peak and impact frequency based on the range of the compressive strength; a method for the pick impact roller mining machine 10 to change the peak pressure of the impact of the pick 45 according to the hardness of the ore: using the one-way valve 26 to adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system, thereby changing the peak pressure of the impact of the pick 45; a method for the pick impact roller mining machine 10 to change the impact of the pick 45 according to the hardness of the ore: the purpose of controlling the impact frequency of the pick 45 is achieved by changing the opening and closing frequency of the one-way valve 26 that controls the impact of the pick 45.

[0086] like Fig.10As shown, the PA of the disc sensor is connected to the two solenoid valves A1 and A2 of the hydraulic cylinder A. Similarly, when the angle contact 34 contacts the bottom contact 33, the solenoid valve of the corresponding partition opens, allowing the hydraulic oil to enter the hydraulic cylinder of the pick 45. The piston 47 drives the pick 45 to perform reciprocating impact movements. The angle contact 34 can automatically rotate and adjust the angle according to the moving direction and angle of the drum to ensure that the impact area includes the contact area between the drum and the ore.

[0087] In order to maximize the ore cutting effect under the condition of constant impact power, the pick 45 impacting the roller mining machine 10 can realize a method of impacting only the part in contact with the ore: the position of the rocker arm 38 and the roller is sensed by the posture detection device, and the opening and closing of the one-way valve 26 is used to control the picks 45 in different partitions to perform impact actions in combination with the forward direction and the ongoing action. Different partitions refer to dividing the circular roller into 8 partitions on average. The picks 45 in each partition can be independently moved by the one-way valve 26, so as to achieve the impact action of the part in contact with the ore. The area of ​​the roller occupied by the impact pick 45 is always larger than the area of ​​the part in contact with the ore body. Its function is realized by the disc sensor: the disc sensor has 8 contacts, which are evenly distributed on the disc, and each contact corresponds to a drum impact partition. The semi-disc is arc-shaped with an angle of 225 degrees, and has a total of 5 contacts. The impact action of the pick 45 in the drum impact partition is controlled by whether the contacts between the disc and the semi-disc are in contact. The disc part of the disc sensor rotates with the drum, and the semi-disc part can rotate automatically according to the movement direction and posture of the mining machine, so that the picks 45 in the 5 partitions on the drum can perform impact actions, and the impact area includes the contact area between the drum and the ore.

[0088] Fig.11 It is an overall schematic diagram of an impact mining machine suitable for hard ores, which is mainly composed of two rocker arms 38, a body and a walking part 37 and auxiliary devices. The left and right rocker arms 38 are hinged to the mining machine body 36, and the lifting movement of the rocker arms 38 is realized by a height adjustment hydraulic cylinder. The walking part 37 is driven by two motors 24 respectively to realize bidirectional walking.

[0089] Fig.12 and Fig.13 They are detailed views of the right rocker arm 38 and the pick 45, which are mainly composed of the rocker arm 38 motor 24, a two-position four-way valve and a control module, a three-phase motor and a plunger pump combination, a hydraulic pipeline 42, a two-way hydraulic cylinder 32, a gear sleeve 44, a pick 45, and a piston 47. Among them, at the center axis of the rocker arm 38 and the drum, a rotary joint is provided inside to transport the hydraulic oil from one end of the rocker arm 38 plunger pump to the drum pipeline.

[0090] Fig.14It is a cross-sectional view of a rotary joint, including a connecting middle shaft 50, an end bearing 5451, a wear-resistant sealing ring 52, a rotating body 53 and an end bearing 5451. The hydraulic oil at the plunger pump end of the rocker arm 38 passes through two channels of the rotary joint to achieve rotary delivery and reflux of the hydraulic oil.

[0091] Fig.15 The figure is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic impact part, which includes a circuit protector 55, an electromagnet 1 56, an electromagnet 2 59 and a permanent magnet 57. The gear sleeve 44 and the pick 45 are driven to perform impact motion by the principle that like magnets repel each other and opposite magnets attract each other. The specific working principle is as follows: the electromagnet 1 56 is energized to form a magnetic pole with the same polarity as the tail of the permanent magnet 57, and the permanent magnet 57 is subjected to the repulsive force of the electromagnet 1 56. At the same time, the permanent magnet 57 is attracted by the electromagnet 2 59 and repelled by the electromagnet 1 56. The pick 45 is subjected to the force of the three pairs of magnets to perform impact motion outward. At the end of the impact motion, the currents of the electromagnet 1 56 and the electromagnet 2 59 are reversed under the action of the current commutator, and the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 1 56 and the electromagnet 2 59 are reversed. At this time, the pick 45 retreats and prepares for the next impact motion. The movement direction of the pick 45 driven by the electromagnetic impact part is controlled by the current converter, and the impact frequency can also be controlled to adapt to ores with different hardness conditions.

[0092] Fig.16 It is a light-duty collapse hydraulic support 8, with a single column, a large roof protection area and light weight for easy moving. The top beam is hinged and can be used in situations where the top plate is uneven. The bottom is designed with a bottom lifting mechanism to effectively improve the bottoming phenomenon. The side of the support is designed with anti-falling jacks A68 and B73, which can improve the overall stability of the support through inter-frame connection.

[0093] Fig.17 It is a light filling hydraulic support 12. The hydraulic support 12 used in the filling method and the hydraulic support 8 in the collapse method are both light hydraulic supports 2, adopting a bidirectional top beam structure. A filling body 11 transportation structure and a filling material compaction structure are also provided on the side close to the goaf 1.

[0094] The specific application of the present invention is as follows:

[0095] Example 1: Mechanized continuous mining of short-wall collapse of bauxite with relatively low hardness

[0096] The rock of the roof of a certain bauxite mine is unstable, and the average thickness of the ore layer is less than 3m. The room-and-pillar mining method requires the installation of pillars and roof protection, which causes serious waste of resources. In addition, the workers work under simple support or even no support conditions, and safety issues are a major hidden danger.

[0097] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the inter-stage ore layer is divided into ore blocks, and the mining is carried out along the strike direction according to the full thickness of the ore body. Two tunnels are opened on both sides of the ore block, and one tunnel is opened at the end of the two tunnels to form an independent return air system, which serves as the bauxite mining working face 5 4. The transport tunnel adopts a belt conveyor to transport the ore; a light-duty collapse hydraulic support 8 is arranged on the working face 5, and the light-duty collapse hydraulic support 2 is placed at a certain distance. The number is controlled under the premise of ensuring safe support, which is convenient for moving; the ore is cut by mechanical impact, that is, a scraper conveyor 9 and a pick 45 impact roller mining machine 10 are arranged on the working face 5. The pick impact roller mining machine 10 relies on the scraper conveyor 9 to move and complete the ore cutting work, which can change the pressure peak of the pick 45 impact The value and impact frequency are suitable for bauxite 4 with different hardness, and the impact action can be achieved only on the part that contacts the ore. Under the condition of constant power, the energy is concentrated on the pick 45 that can achieve effective impact; the pick-shaped pick 45 rotates with the drum, contacts the ore at a certain initial velocity, and is accompanied by high-frequency impact, and the ore is then squeezed and deformed. The high-frequency impact effect strengthens the effect of the pick-shaped pick 45 invading the ore; then microcracks are generated in the ore, and then the microcracks in the impact area merge and penetrate to form a dense core; repeated impacts produce a relatively large impact load, which strengthens the crack development process and accelerates the block collapse stage, which is beneficial to cutting the ore, thereby realizing the continuous mining process of sedimentary bauxite 4.

[0098] Example 2: Mechanized continuous mining of short-wall filling of bauxite with relatively low hardness

[0099] The roof rock of a bauxite mine 4 is unstable, and the average ore layer thickness is less than 3m. In order to control the collapse of surrounding rock and prevent surface subsidence, the backfill method is required to treat the goaf 1.

[0100] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a tunnel is opened at the end of the two tunnels to form an independent return air system and serve as the mining working face 5 of the bauxite 4. The transport tunnel uses a belt conveyor to transport ore; light filling hydraulic supports 12 are arranged on the working face 5, and the light filling hydraulic supports 12 are placed at a certain distance. The number is controlled under the premise of ensuring safe support for easy movement; the ore is cut by mechanical impact, that is, a scraper conveyor 9 and a pick impact roller mining machine 10 are arranged on the working face 5. This mining method not only realizes the continuous mining process of the sedimentary bauxite 4, but also can properly handle the goaf 1 to reduce damage to the environment.

[0101] Example 3: Short-wall blasting and automated ore mining of high-hardness bauxite

[0102] The rock of the roof of a bauxite mine is unstable, the ore is hard, and the average thickness of the ore layer is less than 3m. The room-and-pillar mining method requires the establishment of pillars and roof protection, which causes serious waste of resources. The combination of blasting and hammer mining is inefficient. Workers work under simple support or even no support, which leads to poor safety.

[0103] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, a tunnel is opened at the end of the two tunnels to form an independent return air system, and serves as the mining working face 5 of the bauxite 4. The transport tunnel uses a belt conveyor to transport ore; a light-duty collapse hydraulic support 2 is arranged on the working face 5, and the light-duty collapse hydraulic support 2 is placed at a certain distance. The number is controlled under the premise of ensuring safe support, which is convenient for moving; the ore is dropped by blasting, and a scraper conveyor 9 is arranged on the short-wall working face 5. Multiple rock drilling rigs 15 can move freely on the scraper conveyor 9 and drill holes for filling explosives to blast the ore. The scraper conveyor 9 can transport ore, and the front guard plate of the light-duty hydraulic support 2 can droop to block the flying rocks caused by blasting, and make a part of the flying rocks collapse onto the scraper conveyor 9 and be directly transported out of the working face 5. The remaining flying rocks are loaded onto the scraper conveyor 9 by a slag scraper and transported out of the working face 5.

[0104] Example 4: Short-wall blasting semi-automatic ore mining of relatively high hardness bauxite

[0105] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, a tunnel is opened at the end of the two tunnels to form an independent return air system, and serves as the bauxite mining working face 5. The transport tunnel uses a belt conveyor to transport ore; light-duty collapse hydraulic supports 8 are arranged on the working face 5, and the light-duty collapse hydraulic supports 8 are placed at a certain distance. The number is controlled under the premise of ensuring safe support, which is convenient for moving; crawler drilling rigs 18 are used for drilling. In this method, no scraper conveyor 9 is arranged in the working face 5. The crawler drilling rig 18 moves by its own crawler structure, and a light hydraulic support 2 is used to protect the top. Its front guard plate droops to block blasting flying rocks, and the scattered blasting flying rocks are limited to the space formed by the mine wall and the front guard plate of the hydraulic support 2. After the mine falls, a slag scraper and a mine car are used to transport the scattered ore.

[0106] Example 5: Short-wall mining of other metal ores with higher hardness

[0107] The mining methods of the above embodiments 1 to 4 include not only bauxite 4, but also coal mines and other metal mines, including but not limited to copper mines, iron mines, etc., and the methods can be selected according to local conditions. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0108] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sedimentary bauxite shortwall mining method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Develop two tunnels in the ore body layout area, with a distance of 30 to 50 meters between the two tunnels; S2, opening a tunnel at the end of the two tunnels to form an independent return air system and serve as a bauxite mining face (5) (4), and using a belt conveyor to transport ore in the transport tunnel; S3. Arrange hydraulic supports (2) or hydraulic props on the working face (5). If the mining method is the caving method, a caving hydraulic support (8) is used. If the mining method is the filling method, a filling hydraulic support (12) is used. The hydraulic supports (2) or hydraulic props are placed at a certain distance. The number is controlled under the premise of ensuring safe support, so as to facilitate moving. S4. There are two methods for dropping the ore according to the hardness of the ore. When the Proctor hardness coefficient of the ore is less than 8, the ore is dropped by mechanical impact cutting, that is, a scraper conveyor (9) and a pick impact roller mining machine (10) are arranged on the working surface (5). The pick impact roller mining machine (10) relies on the scraper conveyor (9) to move and complete the ore cutting work. The pressure peak value and impact frequency of the pick (45) impact can be changed to adapt to bauxite (4) with different hardness, and only the part that contacts the ore can be impacted. Under the condition of constant power, the energy is concentrated on the pick (45) that can achieve effective impact; S5, the pick impact roller mining machine (10) cuts the ore on the working surface (5), and the bauxite (4) after falling is transported out of the working surface (5) by the scraper conveyor (9). When the backfilling method is adopted for mining, the goaf (1) can be backfilled to achieve backfilling while mining, thereby ensuring the stability of the overburden strata and achieving protective mining; S6. When the ore's Proctor hardness coefficient is greater than 8, the ore is dropped by blasting. A scraper conveyor (9) is arranged on the working face (5). A plurality of rock drills (15) can move freely on the scraper conveyor (9) and perform drilling for filling explosives to blast the dropped ore. The scraper conveyor (9) can transport ore. The hydraulic support (2) is provided with a front guard plate that can droop to block blasting flying rocks, and allows a portion of the flying rocks to collapse onto the scraper conveyor (9) and be directly transported out of the working face (5). The remaining flying rocks are loaded onto the scraper conveyor (9) by a slag scraper and transported out of the working face (5).

2. A sedimentary bauxite shortwall mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the two tunnels are 30 to 50 m apart, that is, the length of the working face (5) is 30 to 50 m, which is determined by the thickness of the ore body, geological conditions, the average speed of the mining machine cutting the bauxite ore (4), ventilation capacity and safety production requirements.

3. The sedimentary bauxite shortwall mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the collapse hydraulic support (8) used in the collapse method has a large roof protection area and is light in weight, which is easy to move. The top beam support shape is controlled to adapt to the uneven top plate, the base shape is controlled to effectively improve the bottoming phenomenon, and the overall stability of the support is improved through the connection between the frames; The filling hydraulic support (12) used in the filling method can transport the filling material and perform compaction.

4. A sedimentary bauxite shortwall mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the pick impact drum mining machine (10) changes the peak pressure and impact frequency of the pick impact (45) according to the hardness of the ore; The method for determining the peak pressure and impact frequency of the impact of the pick (45) is as follows: taking rock samples on site and testing the confining pressure, testing the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock samples to obtain the compressive strength of the rock formation, and determining the peak pressure and impact frequency according to the range of the compressive strength.

5. The sedimentary bauxite shortwall mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the pick impacting drum mining machine (10) can achieve impact action only on the part in contact with the ore, and the area of ​​the drum occupied by the impact pick (45) is always larger than the area of ​​the part in contact with the ore body.

6. The sedimentary bauxite shortwall mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the plurality of rock drills (15) can move freely on the scraper conveyor (9) and cooperate with each other to drill blasting holes according to a pre-designed procedure. The front guard plate of the hydraulic support (2) can be lowered when the blasting work is ready to block the flying rocks generated during the blasting process. The front guard plate is adjusted to a certain angle so that a part of the flying rocks can fall onto the scraper conveyor (9), thereby facilitating the scraper conveyor (9) to directly transport ore.

7. A sedimentary bauxite shortwall mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The crawler rock drill (18) can replace the rock drill (15) for drilling. When the crawler rock drill (18) is used for drilling, no scraper conveyor (9) is arranged in the working surface (5). The crawler rock drill (18) moves by relying on its own crawler structure. The hydraulic support (2) is used for roof protection. Its front guard plate droops to block blasting flying rocks, and the scattered blasting flying rocks are restricted in the space formed by the mine wall and the front guard plate of the hydraulic support (2). After the mine falls, a slag scraper and a mine car are used to transport the scattered ore.

8. A sedimentary bauxite short-wall mining method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When drilling with a crawler rock drill (18), the hydraulic support (2) is moved by means of a frame shifting crossbeam (20), which is connected to each other and fixed in pairs by fixing pins (21) for easy disassembly.

9. A mining equipment, which is used in step S3 and step S4 in claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a pick impact drum mining machine (10) and a light hydraulic support (2); The pick impact roller mining machine (10) comprises a mining machine body (36), a rocker arm (38), a roller, a walking part (37), an auxiliary device and a control system. Two rockers (38) are provided, which are respectively provided on both sides of the mining machine body (36). One end of the rocker arm (38) is hinged to the mining machine body (36), and the other end is connected to the roller. A plurality of impact parts are provided on the roller, and picks (45) are provided on the impact parts. The control system can make the picks (45) reciprocate through the impact parts to perform an impact action cycle. The light hydraulic support (2) comprises a collapse hydraulic support (8) and a filling hydraulic support (12).

10. A mining equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control system adopts a hydraulic control system, the impact part is a hydraulic impact part, and the hydraulic impact part includes a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder (32) and a piston rod connected to an internal piston (47) of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder (32), and the other end of the piston rod is threadedly connected to the pick (45). The hydraulic control system drives the piston rod to reciprocate through the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder (32) so that the pick (45) performs an impact action cycle; The bidirectional hydraulic cylinder (32) is provided with a gear sleeve (44), and the gear sleeve (44) provides a guide for the pick (45).

11. A mining equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that: The hydraulic control system comprises a motor (24), a hydraulic pump (23), and an electromagnetic reversing valve (29); the hydraulic pump (23) is driven by the motor (24); an input end of the hydraulic pump (23) is connected to a hydraulic oil tank (22) on a mining machine body (36); an output end of the hydraulic pump (23) is connected to an input end of the electromagnetic reversing valve (29) via a hydraulic pipeline (42); and an output end of the electromagnetic reversing valve (29) is respectively connected to two ends of a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder (32) via a hydraulic pipeline (42); The electromagnetic reversing valve (29) is a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, which is used to control the movement direction of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder (32) and the impact frequency; An oil filter (25), a one-way valve (26), an accumulator (27) and a relief valve (28) are also provided between the hydraulic pump (23) and the electromagnetic reversing valve (29), and an X-cylinder electromagnetic valve (30) and a Y-cylinder electromagnetic valve (31) are respectively provided on two hydraulic pipelines between the electromagnetic reversing valve (29) and the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder (32).

12. A mining equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control system adopts a circuit control system, which includes a power supply system, a wire and a circuit protector (55); the impact part is an electromagnetic impact part, which includes a current converter, a coil, an electromagnet 1 (56), an electromagnet 2 (59) and a permanent magnet (57); the electromagnet 1 (56) is close to one end of the permanent magnet (57); the electromagnet 2 (59) is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet (57); the magnetism of the electromagnet 1 (56) and the electromagnet 2 (59) are opposite; a tooth sleeve (44) is arranged on one end of the permanent magnet (57) away from the electromagnet 1 (56); and the tooth sleeve (44) is threadedly connected to the pick (45); The power supply system provides current to the electromagnetic impact part, and the current converter is used to control the direction of the coil current and the impact frequency, so that the electromagnet 1 (56) and the permanent magnet (57) are attracted to each other, and the electromagnet 2 (59) and the permanent magnet (57) are repelled, or the electromagnet 1 (56) and the permanent magnet (57) are repelled, and the electromagnet 2 (59) and the permanent magnet (57) are attracted to each other, thereby driving the permanent magnet (57) to reciprocate, so that the pick (45) performs an impact action cycle.

13. A mining equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The impact pick (45) on the drum is evenly divided into 8 partitions, each partition independently controls the impact action of the pick (45), and the partitions for impacting are concentrated on one side of the forward direction of the mining machine, and the total area of ​​the partitions for impacting is always larger than the area of ​​the contact part between the drum and the ore body; The rocker arm (38) is provided with a disc sensor, which has 8 contacts evenly distributed on the disc, each contact corresponding to a roller impact partition, the semi-disc is arc-shaped, with an angle of 225 degrees, and has a total of 5 contacts. Whether the pick (45) of the roller impact partition performs an impact action is controlled by whether the contacts between the disc and the semi-disc are in contact.

14. A mining equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The light hydraulic support comprises a collapse hydraulic support (8) and a filling hydraulic support (12), which are respectively suitable for two mining methods; The collapse hydraulic support (8) adopts a single column, has a large roof protection area and is relatively light and easy to move. The top beam is hinged and can be used in the case of uneven roof. The bottom is designed with a bottom lifting mechanism, which can effectively improve the bottom sticking phenomenon. Two anti-falling jacks are designed on the side of the bracket, which can improve the overall stability of the bracket through inter-rack connection; The filling hydraulic support (12) is used for mining by the filling method, and adopts a bidirectional top beam structure. A filling body transportation structure (79) and a filling material compacting structure are provided on the side close to the goaf (1).

Images