An online protection type DC circuit breaker

Abstract

This invention discloses an online protective DC circuit breaker, comprising: a power supply module for providing power to communication base station equipment, which includes at least a first power supply unit; a data acquisition module electrically connected to the first power supply unit for acquiring electrode parameters in the first power supply unit; a communication module electrically connected to the data acquisition module for transmitting the acquired electrode parameters; a data processing module electrically connected to the communication module for receiving the electrode parameters, calculating a predicted surge voltage value based on the motor parameters, and determining whether a surge voltage has occurred in the first power supply unit based on the predicted surge voltage value; a control module electrically connected to the data processing module for generating corresponding control commands based on the judgment result of the data processing module; and a surge voltage regulation module for regulating the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the control commands of the control module. This invention significantly improves the stability of the power supply system and the safety of electrical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment technology, and specifically to an online protective DC circuit breaker. Background Technology

[0002] A DC circuit breaker is a switching device that can interrupt direct current. When the current in the circuit exceeds the rated value, the DC circuit breaker will automatically disconnect, thereby protecting the circuit and equipment. The arc-extinguishing medium of a DC circuit breaker is usually insulating oil and gas. Its operating characteristics are similar to those of vacuum circuit breakers and sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers. DC circuit breakers are commonly used in electrical equipment, such as computer rooms and communication base stations.

[0003] While traditional DC circuit breakers can protect circuits by cutting off power, the current in the circuit will decrease rapidly when power is suddenly cut off. When the current decreases rapidly, the energy in the inductor will be released in the form of surge voltage. The excessive voltage generated by the surge voltage can damage the electrical equipment in the circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an online protective DC circuit breaker to avoid the risk of damage to electrical equipment due to sudden power outages and improve safety.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an online protection DC circuit breaker, comprising:

[0006] A power module for providing power to communication base station equipment, which includes at least a first power supply unit;

[0007] The data acquisition module is electrically connected to the first power supply unit and is used to acquire the electrode parameters in the first power supply unit.

[0008] A communication module, electrically connected to the data acquisition module, is used to transmit the acquired electrode parameters;

[0009] The data processing module, electrically connected to the communication module, is used to receive the electrode parameters, calculate the predicted value of the surge voltage based on the motor parameters, and determine whether the first power supply unit has a surge voltage based on the predicted value of the surge voltage.

[0010] The control module is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to generate corresponding control commands based on the judgment result of the data processing module.

[0011] The surge voltage regulation module is used to regulate the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the control command of the control module.

[0012] Preferably, the electrode parameters acquired by the data acquisition module include electrode spacing and electrode shape.

[0013] Preferably, the data acquisition module is used to obtain the breakdown distance of the electrode caused by the current flowing through the electrode, and to calculate the difference between the breakdown distance and the preset breakdown distance to obtain the breakdown distance difference, and to use the breakdown distance difference as the electrode spacing.

[0014] The data acquisition module is also used to acquire the electrode texture generated by the current contacting the electrode, and extract the outline of the electrode texture based on the electrode texture, and use the outline of the electrode texture as the electrode shape.

[0015] Preferably, the data processing module is specifically used to calculate the predicted surge voltage value according to the following method:

[0016]

[0017] Where Y(c) represents the predicted surge voltage, J(j)i represents the electrode spacing, X(z)i represents the electrode shape factor, βi represents the deviation coefficient, and n represents the number of electrode spacings and electrode shapes, where n = 1, 2, 3...n;

[0018] The data processing module is also used to obtain the breakdown characteristic information of the surge voltage based on the predicted surge voltage value, and to obtain the breakdown level of the surge voltage based on the breakdown characteristic information.

[0019] Preferably, the data processing module is further configured to obtain corresponding weights based on multiple electrode spacings and multiple electrode shape factors, thereby obtaining multiple electrode spacing weight values ​​and multiple electrode shape factor weight values.

[0020] The data processing module is further configured to calculate a breakdown characteristic value based on multiple electrode spacings, multiple electrode shape factors, multiple electrode spacing weight values, and multiple shape factor weight values, wherein the calculation formula is:

[0021]

[0022] Where T(z) represents the breakdown characteristic value, J(j)i represents the electrode spacing, X(z)i represents the shape factor, Ai represents the electrode spacing weight value, Bi represents the shape factor weight value, and n represents the number of numbers, where n = 1, 2, 3...n;

[0023] The data processing module is also used to obtain the corresponding breakdown feature information based on the penetration feature value.

[0024] Preferably, the surge voltage regulation module is specifically used to receive surge voltage regulation instructions and release a low-resistance path according to the surge voltage regulation instructions. The low-resistance path is set in the surge voltage regulation module to receive surge voltage and guide surge voltage to a discharge path. The surge voltage of the first power supply unit is locally shunted and regulated according to the discharge path to generate a regulation result. The low-resistance path is connected to the first power supply unit and is connected to the discharge path and grounded.

[0025] Preferably, the surge voltage regulation module is further configured to determine whether the regulation result meets preset conditions;

[0026] If the adjustment result does not meet the preset conditions, the surge voltage adjustment module is used to send a feedback command to the control module;

[0027] The control module is used to generate a second adjustment command according to the feedback command and send the second adjustment command to an external ground control terminal. The ground control terminal is remotely connected to the control module and is used to remotely adjust the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the received second adjustment command.

[0028] Preferably, the ground control terminal is used to acquire the power supply current of the first power supply unit, acquire the pulse width flowing through the first power supply unit based on the power supply current, reverse adjust the power supply current based on the pulse width to obtain a negative feedback current, and, under the condition of constant circuit resistance, weaken the surge voltage based on the negative feedback current and generate a second adjustment command, and remotely adjust the surge voltage of the first power supply unit based on the second adjustment command.

[0029] Preferably, the data processing module predicts the intensity of the surge voltage by comparing electrode parameters with historical data, and determines the breakdown level of the surge voltage.

[0030] Preferably, the first power supply unit is also used to supply power to the data acquisition module, communication module, data processing module, control module and surge voltage regulation module.

[0031] The present invention offers the following advantages: By integrating a data analysis module, the present invention collects and analyzes in real time the electrode spacing and shape in the first power supply unit, predicting the occurrence of surge voltage and assessing its potential damage level. Upon detecting a surge voltage risk, the data processing module responds rapidly, acquiring the breakdown characteristics of the surge voltage and determining the corresponding breakdown level. Based on this assessment, the control module generates and sends precise control commands, including a backup power access command and a surge voltage regulation command. The backup power access command ensures that the second power supply unit can provide temporary power to the communication base station equipment in a timely manner, maintaining its normal operation; the surge voltage regulation command activates the surge voltage regulation module to perform necessary voltage regulation on the first power supply unit to mitigate or eliminate the impact of surge voltage. This comprehensive protection mechanism not only ensures continuous power supply to the communication base station equipment but also effectively avoids damage to electrical equipment caused by surge voltage due to sudden power outages, thereby significantly improving the stability and reliability of the power system. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module configuration of an online protection DC circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of an online protection DC circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an online protection DC circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following descriptions of various embodiments are based on the accompanying drawings, illustrating specific embodiments in which the present invention can be implemented. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "length," "circumferential," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0037] Please refer to the following first. Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an online protection DC circuit breaker, comprising:

[0038] A power module for providing power to communication base station equipment, which includes at least a first power supply unit;

[0039] The data acquisition module is electrically connected to the first power supply unit and is used to acquire the electrode parameters in the first power supply unit.

[0040] A communication module, electrically connected to the data acquisition module, is used to transmit the acquired electrode parameters;

[0041] The data processing module, electrically connected to the communication module, is used to receive the electrode parameters, calculate the predicted value of the surge voltage based on the motor parameters, and determine whether the first power supply unit has a surge voltage based on the predicted value of the surge voltage.

[0042] The control module is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to generate corresponding control commands based on the judgment result of the data processing module.

[0043] The surge voltage regulation module is used to regulate the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the control command of the control module.

[0044] As can be seen from the above settings, by monitoring electrode parameters in real time and predicting surge voltage, the present invention can respond promptly to abnormal states in the circuit, thereby reducing the risk of electrical equipment being damaged due to excessive surge voltage.

[0045] Specifically, please combine Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the power supply module electrically connected to the communication base station equipment includes a first power supply unit and a second power supply unit, wherein the second power supply unit is electrically connected to the control module and is used to provide backup power to the control module.

[0046] The data acquisition module collects electrode parameters from the first power supply unit, including electrode spacing and electrode shape. The data processing module calculates the predicted surge voltage based on the received electrode spacing and electrode shape, and determines whether surge voltage occurs in the first power supply unit based on the predicted surge voltage.

[0047] If a surge voltage occurs in the first power supply unit, the data processing module obtains the breakdown characteristic information of the surge voltage based on the predicted value of the surge voltage, obtains the breakdown level of the surge voltage based on the breakdown characteristic information, and sends a start command to the control module based on the breakdown level.

[0048] The control module generates corresponding control commands based on the start command. Specifically, the control commands include a surge voltage adjustment command corresponding to the breakdown level and a backup power access command. The control module sends the backup power access command to the second power supply unit, which provides temporary power to the communication base station equipment according to the backup power access command. At the same time, the control module sends the surge voltage adjustment command to the surge voltage adjustment module, which locally adjusts the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the surge voltage adjustment command and generates an adjustment result.

[0049] As mentioned earlier, traditional DC circuit breakers can cause a rapid drop in current during power outages. This drastic change can release energy stored in inductors as a high voltage. This sudden surge voltage can damage electrical equipment in the circuit. To effectively manage this risk, this invention proposes an IoT-based online protection smart DC circuit breaker, installed within a communication base station device, connecting the mains power to the communication base station device.

[0050] The online protection DC circuit breaker of this invention collects electrode parameters in the first power supply unit through its data acquisition module. The electrode parameters specifically include the distance between the electrodes and the shape of the electrodes, and send these parameters to the data processing module through the communication module.

[0051] Electrode spacing and electrode shape determine the destructive intensity of surge voltage. In the data processing module, the collected electrode parameters are compared with historical data—sample data collected from previous circuit breaker failure events. By comparing electrode spacing and electrode shape, the data processing module can predict the potential intensity of the surge voltage and determine its breakdown level. The surge voltage breakdown level indicates the extent of damage that the surge voltage may cause.

[0052] The data processing module determines whether a surge voltage occurs in the first power supply unit based on the predicted surge voltage value. If a surge voltage is detected, the data processing module obtains the breakdown characteristic information of the surge voltage based on the predicted value, determines the breakdown level of the surge voltage based on the breakdown characteristic information, and sends a start command to the control module according to the breakdown level. This allows the DC circuit breaker to proactively address surge voltages by knowing the breakdown level in advance. The preset breakdown levels range from level one to level three. A problem is determined when level one is reached, and higher levels correspond to shorter processing times.

[0053] Based on the predicted surge voltage and its breakdown level, the data processing module can determine whether the first power supply unit is at risk of surge voltage and accordingly issue a start command to the control module. Upon receiving these commands, the control module issues corresponding control commands based on the surge voltage breakdown level. These control commands include a backup power access command and a surge voltage adjustment command. The backup power access command sends a command to the second power supply unit, enabling it to provide temporary power to the communication base station equipment as needed. Thus, by promptly issuing power supply commands to the second power supply unit, the DC circuit breaker in this embodiment of the invention can maintain the stability of the disconnected intelligent DC circuit breaker, preventing surge voltage and thus avoiding damage to electrical equipment caused by sudden power outages.

[0054] Furthermore, inrush voltage regulation commands are sent to the inrush voltage regulation module, which uses pulse width modulation (PWM) technology to adjust the pulse width of the current flowing through the circuit. By adjusting the pulse width, the magnitude of the current can be effectively controlled. Since current and voltage are related by Ohm's law (current multiplied by resistance equals voltage), reducing the current will lead to a decrease in voltage. Therefore, by reducing the pulse width, not only can inrush voltage be reduced, but damage to electrical equipment caused by sudden power outages can also be avoided, thereby ensuring the stable operation of communication base station equipment and the reliability of large-area communication.

[0055] As can be seen from the above, the design of the DC circuit breaker in this embodiment of the invention can not only identify and handle surge voltage in a timely manner, but also ensure the safe operation of the circuit through advanced Internet of Things technology, effectively avoiding equipment damage and communication interruption caused by power outages.

[0056] In one embodiment, the data acquisition module is used to acquire the breakdown distance of the electrode caused by the current flowing through the electrode, calculate the difference between the breakdown distance and the preset breakdown distance to obtain the breakdown distance difference, and use the breakdown distance difference as the electrode spacing.

[0057] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the electrode texture generated by the current contacting the electrode, and extract the outline of the electrode texture based on the electrode texture, and use the outline of the electrode texture as the electrode shape.

[0058] As mentioned above, since the breakdown distance of the current-driven electrode is related to the intensity of surge voltage damage, it is necessary to calculate the difference between the breakdown distance and the preset breakdown distance to obtain the breakdown distance difference. By comparing the breakdown distance difference with the data in the historical records, the intensity of surge voltage damage can be determined, and the circuit can be adjusted in advance based on the intensity of surge voltage damage. Then, the electrode texture generated by the current contacting the electrode is obtained according to the electrode parameters, and the outline of the electrode texture is extracted from the electrode texture. The outline of the electrode texture can reflect the degree of electric field concentration, and the risk of circuit breakdown can be determined in advance through the outline of the electrode texture.

[0059] In one embodiment, the data processing module is used to acquire multiple electrode spacings and multiple electrode shapes as training samples, and analyze the multiple electrode shapes based on the boundary element method to obtain multiple shape factors. The data processing module is used to input the multiple electrode spacings and multiple shape factors as samples into the surge voltage prediction model, and output the surge voltage prediction value, wherein the function of the surge voltage prediction model is:

[0060]

[0061] Where Y(c) represents the predicted surge voltage, J(j)i represents the electrode spacing, X(z)i represents the shape factor, βi represents the deviation coefficient, and n represents the number of electrode spacings and electrode shapes, where n = 1, 2, 3...n.

[0062] The data processing module is used to obtain the breakdown characteristic information of the surge voltage from the surge voltage prediction value, and to obtain the breakdown level of the surge voltage based on the breakdown characteristic information.

[0063] As mentioned above, DC circuit breakers are typically composed of multiple layers of stacked metal in existing operating environments. This ensures that if one layer of electrodes fails, subsequent layers can continue to operate normally. This also results in multiple layers of electrodes having electrode spacing and shape. In this scheme, electrode shape refers to the shape formed when overload current contacts the electrode. After obtaining multiple electrode spacings and shapes as training samples, these electrode shapes can be analyzed using the boundary element method to obtain multiple electrode shape factors. The boundary element method is a numerical analysis method, particularly suitable for solving boundary problems. It can be used to analyze the electric field distribution on the electrode surface, similar to finite element analysis. The data processing module is used to input multiple electrode spacings and electrode shape factors as samples into the surge voltage prediction model and output the surge voltage prediction value. The surge voltage prediction model can be a linear regression model, a decision tree model, or a neural network model, etc. In this scheme, a neural network model is used. This allows for early judgment of whether the circuit has a risk of power outage after obtaining the surge voltage prediction value. The reference data for judgment and comparison is historical data.

[0064] In one embodiment, the data processing module is further configured to obtain corresponding weights based on multiple electrode spacings and multiple electrode shape factors, thereby obtaining multiple electrode spacing weight values ​​and multiple electrode shape factor weight values.

[0065] The data processing module is further configured to calculate a breakdown characteristic value based on multiple electrode spacings, multiple electrode shape factors, multiple electrode spacing weight values, and multiple electrode shape factor weight values, wherein the calculation formula is:

[0066]

[0067] Where T(z) represents the breakdown characteristic value, J(j)i represents the electrode spacing, X(z)i represents the electrode shape factor, Ai represents the electrode spacing weight value, Bi represents the electrode shape factor weight value, and n represents the number of numbers, where n = 1, 2, 3...n.

[0068] The data processing module is also used to obtain the corresponding breakdown feature information based on the penetration feature value.

[0069] As mentioned above, since the acquired parameters have occasional factors, there is no need to filter the valid data. Therefore, the weighting of the data can reduce certain errors. Based on this, the data processing module obtains the corresponding weights according to multiple electrode spacings and multiple electrode shape factors, and obtains multiple electrode spacing weight values ​​and multiple electrode shape factor weight values. Then, the data processing module calculates the breakdown characteristic value according to the multiple electrode spacings, multiple electrode shape factors, multiple electrode spacing weight values ​​and multiple electrode shape factor weight values. The breakdown characteristic value obtained in this way can truly reflect the damage level caused by the surge voltage in the circuit. Therefore, the surge voltage can be dealt with in advance by using the damage level.

[0070] In one embodiment, the surge voltage regulation module is used to receive a surge voltage regulation command and release a low-resistance path according to the surge voltage regulation command. The low-resistance path is located within the surge voltage regulation module and is used to receive the surge voltage and guide the surge voltage to the discharge path. The surge voltage of the first power supply unit is locally shunted and regulated according to the discharge path to generate a regulation result. The resistance path is connected to the first power supply unit and is connected to the discharge path and grounded.

[0071] As described above, after a surge voltage occurs, the excess voltage generated by the surge voltage is introduced into the low-resistance path. In this way, the low-resistance path can guide the excess voltage to the discharge path, and then the excess voltage is shunted through the discharge path, thereby releasing the excess voltage to the ground, resulting in a regulation effect. In this way, the surge voltage generated by shunting can restore the circuit in the DC circuit breaker to normal, thereby preventing the excess voltage generated by the surge voltage from damaging the electrical equipment in the circuit.

[0072] In one embodiment, the surge voltage regulation module is further configured to determine whether the regulation result meets a preset condition;

[0073] If the adjustment result does not meet the preset conditions, the surge voltage adjustment module is used to send a feedback command to the control module;

[0074] The control module is used to generate a second adjustment command according to the feedback command and send the second adjustment command to an external ground control terminal. The ground control terminal is remotely connected to the control module and is used to remotely adjust the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the received second adjustment command.

[0075] As described above, since the adjustment range of the locally controlled intelligent DC circuit breaker is limited, after the surge voltage in the DC circuit breaker is initially adjusted by the surge voltage adjustment module, it is necessary to determine whether the adjustment result meets the preset conditions. If the adjustment result does not meet the preset conditions, the surge voltage adjustment module sends a feedback command to the control module. Then, the control module generates a second adjustment command based on the feedback command and sends the second adjustment command to the external ground control terminal. In this way, the surge voltage can be remotely adjusted again through the ground control terminal. Through remote adjustment, the abnormal devices in each part of the DC circuit breaker can be adjusted as a whole. In this way, the intelligent DC circuit breaker can be quickly restored to normal through overall adjustment, thus avoiding the limitation of the local surge voltage adjustment module's adjustment range.

[0076] In one embodiment, the ground control terminal is used to control the power supply current of the first power supply unit, and obtains the pulse width flowing through the first power supply unit based on the power supply current. The power supply current is then reversed based on the pulse width to obtain a negative feedback current. Under the condition of constant circuit resistance, the surge voltage is attenuated based on the negative feedback current and an attenuation adjustment command is generated. The generated attenuation adjustment command is used as a second adjustment command, and the surge voltage of the first power supply unit is remotely adjusted based on the second adjustment command.

[0077] As described above, the surge voltage regulation module adjusts the surge voltage based on the negative feedback current. Specifically, the surge voltage regulation module regulates the current by generating a pulse width using pulse width modulation (PWM) technology. Changing the pulse width can regulate the current; reducing the pulse width will lead to a decrease in the average current, and vice versa. Thus, under the condition of constant circuit resistance, according to Ohm's law, current multiplied by resistance equals voltage. Therefore, the smaller the current, the smaller the voltage. By infinitely reducing the pulse width, the current will be reduced, and the voltage will also be reduced, including the surge voltage. In this way, the reduction of surge voltage can prevent damage to electrical equipment caused by sudden power outages.

[0078] In one embodiment, the first power supply unit is used to supply power to the data acquisition module, the communication module, the data processing module, the control module, and the power failure protection module.

[0079] For example Figure 3The diagram illustrates the external structure of an online protection DC circuit breaker device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The DC circuit breaker includes a DC circuit breaker body 1, on which a control module 105 is mounted. A closing / opening button 104 is positioned above the control module 105 and is mounted on the DC circuit breaker body 1. A closing / opening status indicator light 106 is located in the center of the button 104 and is also mounted on the DC circuit breaker body 1. A tripping lock indicator light 103 is mounted on the DC circuit breaker body 1 and is located below the tripping / opening status indicator light 106. Above the DC circuit breaker body 1, a closing lock indicator light 102 is installed, and the closing lock indicator light 102 is located above the opening lock indicator light 103. An alarm indicator light 101 is installed on the DC circuit breaker body 1, and the alarm indicator light 101 is located above the closing lock indicator light 102. In this way, when the DC circuit breaker body 1 is working, the working status of the DC circuit breaker can be intuitively reflected by the above indicator lights. At the same time, the control module 105 has local and remote control, which can facilitate the operation of the DC circuit breaker body 1 by the staff.

[0080] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are that it uses an integrated data analysis module to collect and analyze the electrode spacing and shape in the first power supply unit in real time, predicting the occurrence of surge voltage and assessing its potential damage level. Upon detecting a surge voltage risk, the data processing module responds rapidly, acquiring the breakdown characteristic information of the surge voltage and determining the corresponding breakdown level. Based on this assessment, the control module generates and sends precise control commands, including a backup power access command and a surge voltage regulation command. The backup power access command ensures that the second power supply unit can provide temporary power to the communication base station equipment in a timely manner, maintaining its normal operation; the surge voltage regulation command activates the surge voltage regulation module to perform necessary voltage regulation on the first power supply unit to mitigate or eliminate the impact of the surge voltage. This comprehensive protection mechanism not only ensures continuous power supply to the communication base station equipment but also effectively avoids damage to electrical equipment caused by surge voltage due to sudden power outages, thereby significantly improving the stability and reliability of the power system.

[0081] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online protective DC circuit breaker, characterized in that, include: A power module for providing power to communication base station equipment, which includes at least a first power supply unit; The data acquisition module is electrically connected to the first power supply unit and is used to acquire the electrode parameters in the first power supply unit. A communication module, electrically connected to the data acquisition module, is used to transmit the acquired electrode parameters; The data processing module, electrically connected to the communication module, is used to receive the electrode parameters, calculate the predicted surge voltage value based on the electrode parameters, and determine whether the first power supply unit experiences surge voltage based on the predicted surge voltage value. The control module is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to generate corresponding control commands based on the judgment result of the data processing module. A surge voltage regulation module is used to regulate the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the control command of the control module; The electrode parameters acquired by the data acquisition module include electrode spacing and electrode shape; the data processing module is specifically used to calculate the predicted surge voltage value according to the following method: Where Y(c) represents the predicted surge voltage, J(j)i represents the electrode spacing, X(z)i represents the electrode shape factor, βi represents the deviation coefficient, and n represents the number of electrode spacings and electrode shapes, where n = 1, 2, 3...n; The data processing module is also used to obtain the breakdown characteristic information of the surge voltage based on the predicted surge voltage value, and to obtain the breakdown level of the surge voltage based on the breakdown characteristic information. The surge voltage regulation module is specifically used to receive surge voltage regulation commands and release low-resistance paths according to the surge voltage regulation commands. The low-resistance path is set in the surge voltage regulation module to receive surge voltage and guide surge voltage to the discharge path. The surge voltage of the first power supply unit is locally shunted and regulated according to the discharge path to generate a regulation result. The low-resistance path is connected to the first power supply unit and is connected to the discharge path and grounded.

2. The online protective DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module is used to obtain the breakdown distance of the electrode caused by the current flowing through the electrode, and to calculate the difference between the breakdown distance and the preset breakdown distance to obtain the breakdown distance difference, and to use the breakdown distance difference as the electrode spacing. The data acquisition module is also used to acquire the electrode texture generated by the current contacting the electrode, and extract the outline of the electrode texture based on the electrode texture, and use the outline of the electrode texture as the electrode shape.

3. The online protective DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module is also used to obtain corresponding weights based on multiple electrode spacings and multiple electrode shape factors, and to obtain multiple electrode spacing weight values ​​and multiple electrode shape factor weight values. The data processing module is further configured to calculate a breakdown characteristic value based on multiple electrode spacings, multiple electrode shape factors, multiple electrode spacing weight values, and multiple shape factor weight values, wherein the calculation formula is: Where T(z) represents the breakdown characteristic value, J(j)i represents the electrode spacing, X(z)i represents the shape factor, Ai represents the electrode spacing weight value, Bi represents the shape factor weight value, and n represents the number of numbers, where n = 1, 2, 3...n; The data processing module is also used to obtain the corresponding breakdown feature information based on the penetration feature value.

4. The online protection DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that, The surge voltage regulation module is also used to determine whether the regulation result meets preset conditions; If the adjustment result does not meet the preset conditions, the surge voltage adjustment module is used to send a feedback command to the control module; The control module is used to generate a second adjustment command according to the feedback command and send the second adjustment command to an external ground control terminal. The ground control terminal is remotely connected to the control module and is used to remotely adjust the surge voltage of the first power supply unit according to the received second adjustment command.

5. The online protection DC circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ground control terminal is used to acquire the power supply current of the first power supply unit, acquire the pulse width flowing through the first power supply unit based on the power supply current, reverse adjust the power supply current based on the pulse width to obtain a negative feedback current, and, under the condition of constant circuit resistance, weaken the surge voltage based on the negative feedback current and generate a second adjustment command, and remotely adjust the surge voltage of the first power supply unit based on the second adjustment command.

6. The online protective DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module predicts the intensity of the surge voltage and determines the breakdown level of the surge voltage by comparing electrode parameters with historical data.

7. The online protective DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power supply unit is also used to supply power to the data acquisition module, communication module, data processing module, control module and surge voltage regulation module.

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