A method for information encoding and decoding based on polarization entangled photons and related products

Abstract

This application provides an information encoding and decoding method and related products based on polarization entangled photons, which can be applied to the field of long-distance communication technology. The method includes: acquiring a first quantum state and a second quantum state generated by splitting polarization entangled states; wherein the second quantum state passes through a noisy channel; decoding the first quantum state using a first decoder to obtain a first decoding result; decoding the second quantum state using a second decoder to obtain a second decoding result; performing coincidence counting based on the first and second decoding results to obtain noisy information; and processing the noisy information to obtain transmitted information. Thus, by using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding and transmitting it in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information is obtained through split-path decoding and coincidence counting, which suppresses the influence of decoherent noise and improves the decoding sensitivity of transmitted information using quantum entangled states as the carrier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of long-distance communication technology, and in particular to an information encoding and decoding method and related products based on polarization entangled photons. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of quantum information technology, quantum states have become one of the carriers for encoding and transmitting information in long-distance communication. Among them, quantum entangled states have attracted widespread attention because they can greatly enhance detection accuracy.

[0003] Because quantum states are inevitably affected by the interaction between the system and the environment during channel transmission, decoherence occurs, which in turn destroys quantum entanglement. Therefore, when using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding, it is necessary to consider suppressing decoherence effects at the decoding end. Existing decoherence suppression techniques have poor processing performance and cannot effectively reduce the loss of the output signal of coherent optical receivers caused by decoherence effects when using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding, resulting in low decoding sensitivity for information transmitted using quantum entangled states as the carrier.

[0004] Therefore, how to suppress the effects of decoherent noise and improve decoding sensitivity when using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information transmission is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an information encoding and decoding method and related products based on polarization entangled photons. By using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding and transmitting it in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information is obtained through de-channel decoding and coincidence counting. This solves the problems of existing technologies that cannot effectively suppress the effects of decoherent noise and have low decoding sensitivity when using quantum entangled states as the carrier of transmitted information.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an information decoding method based on polarization entangled photons, including:

[0007] A first quantum state and a second quantum state are obtained; the first quantum state and the second quantum state are generated based on polarization entanglement state splitting, and the second quantum state passes through a noisy channel;

[0008] The first quantum state is decoded using the first decoder, and a first decoding result is obtained;

[0009] The second quantum state is decoded using a second decoder, and a second decoding result is obtained;

[0010] Based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result, a coincidence count is performed to obtain noisy information;

[0011] The noisy information is processed to obtain the transmission information.

[0012] Optionally, the step of decoding the first quantum state using a first decoder and obtaining a first decoding result includes:

[0013] The first quantum state is directly measured using the first decoder, and a reference measurement basis is obtained;

[0014] The expression for the reference measurement base is:

[0015]

[0016] Where |φ0> is the reference measurement base, and |H> i For the horizontal polarization of the reference path, |V> i The vertical polarization is for the reference path.

[0017] Optionally, the step of decoding the second quantum state using a second decoder and obtaining a second decoding result includes:

[0018] The second quantum state is split using a beam splitter to obtain a first beam, a second beam, a third beam, and a fourth beam.

[0019] The first beam splitter is measured using a first weak measurement decoder, and a first measurement base is obtained;

[0020] The expression for the first measurement basis is:

[0021]

[0022] The second beam splitter is measured using a second weak measurement decoder, and a second measurement base is obtained;

[0023] The expression for the second measurement basis is:

[0024]

[0025] The third beam splitter is measured using a third weak measurement decoder to obtain a third measurement base;

[0026] The expression for the third measurement basis is:

[0027]

[0028] The fourth beam splitter is measured using a fourth weak measurement decoder, and a fourth measurement base is obtained;

[0029] The expression for the fourth measurement basis is:

[0030]

[0031] Where |φ S1 > is the first measurement basis, |φ S2 > is the second measurement base, |φ S3 > is the third measurement base, |φ S4 > represents the four measurement bases, ε is the deflection angle, and |H> s For the horizontal polarization of the signal path, |V> s For the vertical polarization of the signal path, e is the natural logarithm, and i is the imaginary unit.

[0032] Optionally, the step of performing coincidence counting based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result to obtain noisy information includes:

[0033] The reference measurement base is matched with the first measurement base, the second measurement base, the third measurement base, and the fourth measurement base respectively to obtain the corresponding counting results;

[0034] Noisy information is determined based on the counting results.

[0035] Optionally, the step of performing coincidence counting with the reference measurement base and the first measurement base, the second measurement base, the third measurement base, and the fourth measurement base respectively, and obtaining the corresponding counting results, includes:

[0036] The reference measurement base and the first measurement base are counted to obtain a first result;

[0037] The expression for the first result is:

[0038]

[0039] The reference measurement base and the second measurement base are counted to obtain a second result;

[0040] The expression for the second result is:

[0041]

[0042] The reference measurement base and the third measurement base are matched to obtain a third result;

[0043] The expression for the third result is:

[0044]

[0045] The fourth result is obtained by performing a coincidence count between the reference measurement base and the fourth measurement base.

[0046] The expression for the fourth result is:

[0047]

[0048] Where N1 is the first result, N2 is the second result, N3 is the third result, N4 is the fourth result, x(t) is the effect of the decoherent channel, θ is the effect of the rotation effect, and ε is the deflection angle. This is noisy information.

[0049] Optionally, determining the noisy information based on the counting result includes:

[0050] Noisy information is determined based on any three of the first result, the second result, the third result, and the fourth result.

[0051] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an information encoding method based on polarization entangled photons, including:

[0052] A polarization-entangled state is prepared, and the polarization-entangled state is divided into a first quantum state and a second quantum state;

[0053] Obtain encoding information;

[0054] The encoded information is encoded into the second quantum state, enabling the second quantum state to transmit information through a long-distance transmission channel.

[0055] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons, comprising:

[0056] The first acquisition module is used to acquire a first quantum state and a second quantum state; the first quantum state and the second quantum state are generated based on polarization entanglement state splitting, and the second quantum state passes through a noisy channel;

[0057] The first parsing module is used to decode the first quantum state using the first decoder and obtain the first decoding result;

[0058] The second parsing module is used to decode the second quantum state using the second decoder and obtain the second decoding result;

[0059] The calculation module is used to perform coincidence counting based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result, and obtain noisy information;

[0060] The data processing module is used to process the noisy information to obtain transmission information.

[0061] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an information encoding device based on polarization entangled photons, comprising:

[0062] A preparation module is used to prepare polarization entangled states and divide the polarization entangled states into a first quantum state and a second quantum state;

[0063] The second acquisition module is used to acquire encoded information;

[0064] The encoding module is used to encode the encoded information onto the second quantum state, so that the second quantum state can transmit information through a long-distance transmission channel.

[0065] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an information encoding and decoding system based on polarization entangled photons, including: the information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons as described above and the information encoding device based on polarization entangled photons as described above.

[0066] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0067] This application first acquires a first quantum state and a second quantum state during decoding. The first and second quantum states are generated based on a decoupling of polarization entangled states, and the second quantum state contains noise. Then, a first decoder decodes the first quantum state to obtain a first decoding result, and a second decoder decodes the second quantum state to obtain a second decoding result. Finally, coincidence counting is performed based on the first and second decoding results to obtain noisy information, and data processing is performed on the noisy information to obtain the transmitted information. Thus, by using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding and transmitting it in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information is obtained through decoupling decoding and coincidence counting, which suppresses the influence of decoherent noise and improves the decoding sensitivity of transmitted information using quantum entangled states as the carrier. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an information decoding method based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application embodiment;

[0069] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating an information encoding method based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application embodiment;

[0070] Figure 3 A system flowchart is provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application embodiment;

[0072] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an information encoding device based on polarization entangled photons provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0073] As mentioned earlier, existing decoherence suppression techniques suffer from low decoding sensitivity for information transmitted using quantum entangled states as carriers. Specifically, existing decoherence suppression techniques have poor processing performance, and from an application perspective, there are currently no reports of weak measurement techniques being applied in the field of communication, thus leading to the problem of low decoding sensitivity for information transmitted using quantum entangled states as carriers.

[0074] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides an information decoding method based on polarization entangled photons, comprising: firstly, acquiring a first quantum state and a second quantum state. The first and second quantum states are generated based on polarization entanglement state splitting, and the second quantum state contains noise. Then, the first quantum state is decoded using a first decoder to obtain a first decoding result, and the second quantum state is decoded using a second decoder to obtain a second decoding result. Finally, coincidence counting is performed based on the first and second decoding results to obtain noisy information, and the noisy information is processed to obtain transmitted information.

[0075] Thus, when quantum entangled states are used as the carrier of information encoding and transmitted in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information can be obtained by demultiplexing decoding and coincidence counting. This not only suppresses the influence of decoherent noise, but also improves the decoding sensitivity of transmitted information using quantum entangled states as the carrier.

[0076] It should be noted that the information encoding and decoding method and related products based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application can be applied to the field of long-distance communication technology. The above is merely an example and does not limit the application field of the information encoding and decoding method and related products based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application.

[0077] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0078] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an information decoding method based on polarization entangled photons, provided as an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, an information decoding method based on polarization entangled photons may include:

[0079] S101: Obtain the first quantum state and the second quantum state; the first quantum state and the second quantum state are generated based on polarization entanglement state splitting, and the second quantum state passes through a noisy channel.

[0080] In practical applications, information can be encoded into quantum states and then transmitted over long distances via transmission channels. However, these long-distance transmission channels may experience decoherence effects, introducing noise into the transmitted information within the quantum states. Specifically, the information decoding device first acquires a first quantum state and a second quantum state formed by polarization-entangled state splitting. The first quantum state is transmitted as a reference in the reference path, while the second quantum state serves as the carrier of encoded information in the signal path. The presence of a long-distance transmission channel in the signal path may introduce noise into the second quantum state. The density matrix of the noisy second quantum state after long-distance transmission is ρ=ε[|ψ i ><ψ i |], where ρ is the density matrix of the second quantum state with noise, ε[·] is the influence of the channel, |ψ i > is the encoded second quantum state, <ψ i |is|φ i The conjugate transpose of >. The expression for the encoded second quantum state is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, |H> s For the horizontal polarization of the signal path, |H> i For the horizontal polarization of the reference path, |V> i For the vertical polarization of the reference path, |V> s For the vertical polarization of the signal path, e is the natural logarithm, and i is the imaginary unit. It is the encoded information at that moment.

[0083] S102: Use the first decoder to decode the first quantum state and obtain the first decoding result.

[0084] In practical applications, the first quantum state does not go through a long-distance transmission channel, so it can be directly decoded by the decoder (first decoder) as a noise-free quantum state, and the corresponding decoding result (first decoding result) can be obtained.

[0085] Furthermore, since the methods for obtaining the first decoding result are not entirely the same, the embodiments of this application can be described in terms of one possible method of obtaining the result.

[0086] In one scenario, S102: The first quantum state is decoded using a first decoder to obtain a first decoding result, specifically including:

[0087] The first quantum state is directly measured using the first decoder, and a reference measurement basis is obtained;

[0088] The expression for the reference measurement base is:

[0089]

[0090] Where |φ0> is the reference measurement base, and |H> i For the horizontal polarization of the reference path, |V> i The vertical polarization is for the reference path.

[0091] In practical applications, the first quantum state does not pass through a long-distance transmission channel. Therefore, the first decoder can be used to directly measure the first quantum state using the expression of the reference measurement basis, and the corresponding reference measurement basis can be obtained as the decoding result. The expression of the reference measurement basis is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Where |φ0> is the reference measurement base, and |H> i For the horizontal polarization of the reference path, |V> i The vertical polarization is for the reference path.

[0094] S103: Use the second decoder to decode the second quantum state and obtain the second decoding result.

[0095] In practical applications, the second quantum state needs to be transmitted over a long distance. Therefore, this embodiment of the application uses a weak measurement decoder (second decoder) to perform split decoding on the second quantum state, which may contain noise, so as to obtain the corresponding decoding result (second decoding result).

[0096] Furthermore, since the methods for obtaining the second decoding result are not entirely the same, the embodiments of this application can be described in terms of one possible method of obtaining it.

[0097] In one case, S103: The second quantum state is decoded using a second decoder, and a second decoding result is obtained, specifically including:

[0098] The second quantum state is split using a beam splitter to obtain a first beam, a second beam, a third beam, and a fourth beam.

[0099] The first beam splitter is measured using a first weak measurement decoder, and a first measurement base is obtained;

[0100] The expression for the first measurement basis is:

[0101]

[0102] The second beam splitter is measured using a second weak measurement decoder, and a second measurement base is obtained;

[0103] The expression for the second measurement basis is:

[0104]

[0105] The third beam splitter is measured using a third weak measurement decoder to obtain a third measurement base;

[0106] The expression for the third measurement basis is:

[0107]

[0108] The fourth beam splitter is measured using a fourth weak measurement decoder, and a fourth measurement base is obtained;

[0109] The expression for the fourth measurement basis is:

[0110]

[0111] Where |φ S1 > is the first measurement basis, |φ S2 > is the second measurement base, |φ S3 > is the third measurement base, |φ S4 > represents the four measurement bases, ε is the deflection angle, and |H> s For the horizontal polarization of the signal path, |V> s For the vertical polarization of the signal path, e is the natural logarithm, and i is the imaginary unit.

[0112] In practical applications, the second quantum state may be subject to noise during long-distance transmission. Therefore, a weak measurement decoder can be used to measure the second quantum state using the corresponding measurement basis expression, and the corresponding measurement basis can be obtained as the decoding result. Specifically, the second quantum state is split into four beams by a beam splitter. The first weak measurement decoder is used to measure the first beam using the expression of the first measurement basis, and the first measurement basis is obtained. The second weak measurement decoder is used to measure the second beam using the expression of the second measurement basis, and the second measurement basis is obtained. The third weak measurement decoder is used to measure the third beam using the expression of the third measurement basis, and the third measurement basis is obtained. The fourth weak measurement decoder is used to measure the fourth beam using the expression of the fourth measurement basis, and the fourth measurement basis is obtained. The expressions for the first, second, third, and fourth measurement bases are as follows:

[0113]

[0114] Where, |φ S1 > is the first measurement basis, |φ S2> is the second measurement base, |φ S3 > is the third measurement base, |φ S4 > represents the four measurement bases, ε is the deflection angle, and |H> s For the horizontal polarization of the signal path, |V> s For the vertical polarization of the signal path, e is the natural logarithm, and i is the imaginary unit.

[0115] S104: Perform coincidence counting based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result to obtain noisy information.

[0116] In practical applications, coincidence counting is a technique in quantum cryptography used to measure the degree of entanglement between two qubits. The first decoding result corresponds to the reference path, and the second decoding result corresponds to the signal path. By performing coincidence counting on the decoding results of these two paths, noisy encoded information (noisy information) can be obtained from the coincidence count result.

[0117] Furthermore, since there are different ways to perform coincidence counting, this application embodiment can describe one possible method.

[0118] In one scenario, S104: Based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result, a coincidence count is performed to obtain noisy information, specifically including:

[0119] The reference measurement base is matched with the first measurement base, the second measurement base, the third measurement base, and the fourth measurement base respectively to obtain the corresponding counting results;

[0120] Noisy information is determined based on the counting results.

[0121] In practical applications, a reference measurement base serves as a reference quantity, while the first, second, third, and fourth measurement bases serve as signal quantities. A first result is obtained by performing coincidence counting between the reference measurement base and the first measurement base; a second result is obtained by performing coincidence counting between the reference measurement base and the second measurement base; a third result is obtained by performing coincidence counting between the reference measurement base and the third measurement base; and a fourth result is obtained by performing coincidence counting between the reference measurement base and the fourth measurement base. Each of these counting results contains noisy information, and the value of this noisy information can be determined through combination operations.

[0122] Furthermore, since the methods for obtaining the counting results are not entirely the same, the embodiments of this application can be described in terms of one possible method of obtaining the results.

[0123] In one case, the step of performing coincidence counting with the reference measurement base and the first measurement base, the second measurement base, the third measurement base, and the fourth measurement base respectively, and obtaining the corresponding counting results, includes:

[0124] The reference measurement base and the first measurement base are counted to obtain a first result;

[0125] The expression for the first result is:

[0126]

[0127] The reference measurement base and the second measurement base are counted to obtain a second result;

[0128] The expression for the second result is:

[0129]

[0130] The reference measurement base and the third measurement base are matched to obtain a third result;

[0131] The expression for the third result is:

[0132]

[0133] The fourth result is obtained by performing a coincidence count between the reference measurement base and the fourth measurement base.

[0134] The expression for the fourth result is:

[0135]

[0136] Where N1 is the first result, N2 is the second result, N3 is the third result, N4 is the fourth result, x(t) is the effect of the decoherent channel, θ is the effect of the rotation effect, and ε is the deflection angle. This is noisy information.

[0137] In practical applications, the first quantum state serves as a reference, which is processed by the first decoder to obtain a reference measurement machine. The second quantum state serves as the carrier of the encoded signal, which is split into four paths by a beam splitter and then processed by the second decoder to obtain the first measurement basis, the second measurement machine, the third measurement basis, and the fourth measurement basis. The data processor performs coincidence counting between the reference measurement basis and the first measurement basis to obtain the first result; performs coincidence counting between the reference measurement basis and the second measurement basis to obtain the second result; performs coincidence counting between the reference measurement basis and the third measurement basis to obtain the third result; and performs coincidence counting between the reference measurement basis and the fourth measurement basis to obtain the fourth result. The expressions for the first, second, third, and fourth results are as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Where N1 is the first result, N2 is the second result, N3 is the third result, N4 is the fourth result, x(t) is the effect of the decoherent channel, θ is the effect of the rotation effect, and ε is the deflection angle. This is noisy information. To ensure that the nonlocality of the entangled state can be verified, θ is usually not set to... Furthermore, when the decoherent channel is a depolarized channel, x(t) = (1-p(t)). 2 p(t) is the depolarization intensity; when it is an amplitude-damped channel, x(t) = 1 - γ(t), where γ(t) is the dissipation intensity; when it is a phase-damped channel, x(t) = 1 - λ(t), where λ(t) is the decoherence intensity.

[0140] Furthermore, since the methods for determining noisy information are not entirely the same, the embodiments of this application can describe one possible determination method.

[0141] In one instance, determining the noisy information based on the counting result includes:

[0142] Noisy information is determined based on any three of the first result, the second result, the third result, and the fourth result.

[0143] In practical applications, dividing N1-N4 or N2-N3 by N2-N1 or N3-N4 yields the result. That is, the noisy information is amplified by cot2ε times. Then on To obtain the transmitted information, a classic data processing scheme is employed. Furthermore, the data processor can obtain the desired output by using only three data streams. Using four data streams can also increase the method's fault tolerance and make it easier to transmit information over long distances.

[0144] S105: Perform data processing on the noisy information to obtain transmission information.

[0145] In practical applications, processing noisy information to obtain noise-free information is an important task. In the quantum state domain, quantum error-correction coding can be used to encode information into multiple physical qubits, and then specific algorithms can be used to detect and correct errors, thus obtaining the correct transmitted information. Alternatively, quantum annealing can be used to find the optimal solution by simulating the annealing process of a thermodynamic system, thereby obtaining the correct transmitted information. In general, processing noisy information requires combining multiple technologies and algorithms, and the appropriate method should be selected based on the specific application scenario.

[0146] In summary, the decoding method provided in this application first obtains a first quantum state and a second quantum state. The first and second quantum states are generated based on a decoupling of polarization entangled states, and the second quantum state contains noise. Then, a first decoder is used to decode the first quantum state, obtaining a first decoding result. A second decoder is used to decode the second quantum state, obtaining a second decoding result. Finally, coincidence counting is performed based on the first and second decoding results to obtain noisy information. Data processing is then performed on the noisy information to obtain the transmitted information. Thus, when using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding and transmitting it in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information is obtained through decoupling decoding and coincidence counting. This suppresses the influence of decoherent noise and improves the decoding sensitivity of transmitted information using quantum entangled states as the carrier.

[0147] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating an information encoding method based on polarization entangled photons, provided as an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 2 As shown in the embodiments of this application, an information encoding method based on polarization entangled photons may include:

[0148] S201: Prepare a polarization entangled state and divide the polarization entangled state into a first quantum state and a second quantum state.

[0149] In practical applications, using quantum states as carriers of encoded information first requires an information encoding device to prepare a large number of polarization-entangled states. The preparation of polarization-entangled states mainly relies on linear optical effects, particularly spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). Then, the prepared polarization-entangled states are divided into a first quantum state and a second quantum state. The first quantum state serves as a reference for transmission in the reference path, while the second quantum state serves as the carrier of encoded information for transmission in the signal path. The expression for a polarization-entangled state is as follows:

[0150]

[0151] Where |ψ0> represents the polarization entangled state, and |H> s For the horizontal polarization of the signal path, |H> i For the horizontal polarization of the reference path, |V> i For the vertical polarization of the reference path, |V> s This refers to the vertical polarization of the signal path.

[0152] S202: Obtain encoding information.

[0153] In practical applications, the encoded information can be obtained by searching a pre-set database or by obtaining it in real time based on user interaction; no limitation is made here.

[0154] S203: Encode the coded information onto the second quantum state, so that the second quantum state can transmit information through a long-distance transmission channel.

[0155] In practical applications, encoding information into polarization-entangled states is a key component of quantum communication and quantum computing. A second quantum state is a beam of light in a polarization-entangled state. For example, if you want to encode a classical signal, you can encode it as the relative phase of horizontal or vertical polarization in a second quantum state, thus enabling the second quantum state containing the encoded information to transmit the information over long distances.

[0156] In conclusion, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a system flow provided for an embodiment of this application. (In conjunction with...) Figure 3 As shown, 1 represents the quantum state preparation process, 2 represents the quantum state encoding process, 3 represents the long-distance transmission channel, 4 represents the first decoder, 5 represents the second decoder, 6 represents the beam splitter, 7 represents the first weak measurement decoding path, 8 represents the second weak measurement decoding path, 9 represents the third weak measurement decoding path, 10 represents the fourth weak measurement decoding path, and 11 represents the data processor. In the entire system flow, a large number of polarization-entangled states are first prepared and divided into a first quantum state and a second quantum state. The path containing the first quantum state is the reference path, and the path containing the second quantum state is the signal path. The first quantum state is decoded by the first decoder to obtain the first decoding result. The second quantum state, in its transmission through the signal path, first undergoes an encoding process to incorporate encoded information, and then is transmitted through the long-distance transmission channel. The second quantum state, carrying encoded information and potentially containing noise, is decoded by the second decoder. Specifically, the beam splitter divides the second quantum state into four paths. In the first weak measurement decoding path, the first split beam is measured using a first weak measurement decoder to obtain a first measurement basis. The second split beam is measured using a second weak measurement decoder to obtain a second measurement basis. The third split beam is measured using a third weak measurement decoder to obtain a third measurement basis. Finally, the fourth split beam is measured using a fourth weak measurement decoder to obtain a fourth measurement basis. Finally, a data processor performs coincidence counting on each path to obtain noisy information. This noisy information is then processed to obtain the transmitted information.

[0157] In summary, the information encoding and decoding method based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application involves the following steps in the encoding process: First, a polarization entangled state is prepared and divided into a first quantum state and a second quantum state. Then, encoded information is acquired and encoded onto the second quantum state, enabling information transmission via a long-distance transmission channel. In the decoding process, the first and second quantum states are acquired first. These two quantum states are generated based on a decoupling of the polarization entangled state, and the second quantum state contains noise. A first decoder is used to decode the first quantum state, yielding a first decoding result. A second decoder is used to decode the second quantum state, yielding a second decoding result. Finally, coincidence counting is performed based on the first and second decoding results to obtain noisy information. This noisy information is then processed to obtain the transmitted information. Thus, by using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding and transmitting it in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information is obtained through decoupling decoding and coincidence counting. This approach suppresses the influence of decoherent noise and improves the decoding sensitivity of information transmitted using quantum entangled states as the carrier.

[0158] Based on the information decoding method based on polarization entangled photons provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides an information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons. The information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons is described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0159] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons, provided as an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 4 As shown, the information decoding device 400 based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0160] The first acquisition module 401 is used to acquire a first quantum state and a second quantum state; the first quantum state and the second quantum state are generated based on polarization entanglement state splitting, and the second quantum state passes through a noisy channel;

[0161] The first parsing module 402 is used to decode the first quantum state using the first decoder and obtain the first decoding result;

[0162] The second parsing module 403 is used to decode the second quantum state using the second decoder and obtain the second decoding result;

[0163] The calculation module 404 is used to perform a coincidence count based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result, and obtain noisy information;

[0164] The data processing module 405 is used to process the noisy information to obtain transmission information.

[0165] As one implementation method, regarding how to use the first decoder to decode the first quantum state and obtain the first decoding result, the first parsing module 402 is specifically used for:

[0166] The first quantum state is directly measured using the first decoder, and a reference measurement basis is obtained;

[0167] The expression for the reference measurement base is:

[0168]

[0169] Where |φ0> is the reference measurement base, and |H> i For the horizontal polarization of the reference path, |V> i The vertical polarization is for the reference path.

[0170] As one implementation method, regarding how to use the second decoder to decode the second quantum state and obtain the second decoding result, the aforementioned second parsing module 403 is specifically used for:

[0171] The second quantum state is split using a beam splitter to obtain a first beam, a second beam, a third beam, and a fourth beam.

[0172] The first beam splitter is measured using a first weak measurement decoder, and a first measurement base is obtained;

[0173] The expression for the first measurement basis is:

[0174]

[0175] The second beam splitter is measured using a second weak measurement decoder, and a second measurement base is obtained;

[0176] The expression for the second measurement basis is:

[0177]

[0178] The third beam splitter is measured using a third weak measurement decoder to obtain a third measurement base;

[0179] The expression for the third measurement basis is:

[0180]

[0181] The fourth beam splitter is measured using a fourth weak measurement decoder, and a fourth measurement base is obtained;

[0182] The expression for the fourth measurement basis is:

[0183]

[0184] Where |φ S1 > is the first measurement basis, |φ S2 > is the second measurement base, |φ S3 > is the third measurement base, |φ S4 > represents the four measurement bases, ε is the deflection angle, and |H> s For the horizontal polarization of the signal path, |V> s For the vertical polarization of the signal path, e is the natural logarithm, and i is the imaginary unit.

[0185] As one implementation, the calculation module 404 specifically includes a calculation submodule and a determination submodule for performing coincidence counting based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result to obtain noisy information;

[0186] The calculation submodule is used to perform coincidence counting with the reference measurement base and the first measurement base, the second measurement base, the third measurement base and the fourth measurement base respectively, and obtain the corresponding counting results;

[0187] A determination submodule is used to determine noisy information based on the counting results.

[0188] As one implementation, the above calculation submodule is specifically used to perform coincidence counting with the first measurement base, the second measurement base, the third measurement base, and the fourth measurement base respectively, and to obtain the corresponding counting results, regarding how to do so.

[0189] The reference measurement base and the first measurement base are counted to obtain a first result;

[0190] The expression for the first result is:

[0191]

[0192] The reference measurement base and the second measurement base are counted to obtain a second result;

[0193] The expression for the second result is:

[0194]

[0195] The reference measurement base and the third measurement base are matched to obtain a third result;

[0196] The expression for the third result is:

[0197]

[0198] The fourth result is obtained by performing a coincidence count between the reference measurement base and the fourth measurement base.

[0199] The expression for the fourth result is:

[0200]

[0201] Where N1 is the first result, N2 is the second result, N3 is the third result, N4 is the fourth result, x(t) is the effect of the decoherent channel, θ is the effect of the rotation effect, and ε is the deflection angle. This is noisy information.

[0202] As one implementation method, regarding how to determine noisy information based on the counting results, the aforementioned determining submodule is specifically used for:

[0203] Noisy information is determined based on any three of the first result, the second result, the third result, and the fourth result.

[0204] In summary, the decoding method provided in this application first obtains a first quantum state and a second quantum state. The first and second quantum states are generated based on a decoupling of polarization entangled states, and the second quantum state contains noise. Then, a first decoder is used to decode the first quantum state, obtaining a first decoding result. A second decoder is used to decode the second quantum state, obtaining a second decoding result. Finally, coincidence counting is performed based on the first and second decoding results to obtain noisy information. Data processing is then performed on the noisy information to obtain the transmitted information. Thus, when using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding and transmitting it in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information is obtained through decoupling decoding and coincidence counting. This suppresses the influence of decoherent noise and improves the decoding sensitivity of transmitted information using quantum entangled states as the carrier.

[0205] Based on the information encoding method based on polarization entangled photons provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides an information encoding device based on polarization entangled photons. The information encoding device based on polarization entangled photons is described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0206] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an information encoding device based on polarization entangled photons, provided as an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 5 As shown, the information encoding device 500 based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0207] The preparation module 501 is used to prepare a polarization entangled state and divide the polarization entangled state into a first quantum state and a second quantum state;

[0208] The second acquisition module 502 is used to acquire encoded information;

[0209] The encoding module 503 is used to encode the encoded information onto the second quantum state, so that the second quantum state can transmit information through a long-distance transmission channel.

[0210] In summary, the information encoding and decoding method based on polarization entangled photons provided in this application involves the following steps in the encoding process: First, a polarization entangled state is prepared and divided into a first quantum state and a second quantum state. Then, encoded information is acquired and encoded onto the second quantum state, enabling information transmission via a long-distance transmission channel. In the decoding process, the first and second quantum states are acquired first. These two quantum states are generated based on a decoupling of the polarization entangled state, and the second quantum state contains noise. A first decoder is used to decode the first quantum state, yielding a first decoding result. A second decoder is used to decode the second quantum state, yielding a second decoding result. Finally, coincidence counting is performed based on the first and second decoding results to obtain noisy information. This noisy information is then processed to obtain the transmitted information. Thus, by using quantum entangled states as the carrier of information encoding and transmitting it in a decoherent channel, accurate transmitted information is obtained through decoupling decoding and coincidence counting. This approach suppresses the influence of decoherent noise and improves the decoding sensitivity of information transmitted using quantum entangled states as the carrier.

[0211] In addition, this application embodiment also provides an information encoding and decoding system based on polarization entangled photons, including: the information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons as described above and the information encoding device based on polarization entangled photons as described above.

[0212] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for decoding information based on polarization-entangled photons, characterized in that, The method comprises: obtaining a first quantum state and a second quantum state; the first quantum state and the second quantum state are generated based on polarization entangled state branching, and the second quantum state passes through a noisy channel; decoding the first quantum state by using a first decoder, and obtaining a first decoding result; decoding the second quantum state by using a second decoder, and obtaining a second decoding result; performing coincidence counting based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result, and obtaining noisy information; performing data processing on the noisy information, and obtaining transmission information; the decoding the first quantum state by using a first decoder, and obtaining a first decoding result, comprises: directly measuring the first quantum state by using a first decoder, and obtaining a reference measurement basis; an expression of the reference measurement basis is: ； wherein is the reference measurement basis, is the horizontal polarization of the reference road, is the vertical polarization of the reference road; the decoding the second quantum state by using a second decoder, and obtaining a second decoding result, comprises: performing light splitting processing on the second quantum state by using a beam splitter, and obtaining a first light splitting beam, a second light splitting beam, a third light splitting beam, and a fourth light splitting beam; measuring the first light splitting beam by using a first weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a first measurement basis; an expression of the first measurement basis is: ； measuring the second light splitting beam by using a second weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a second measurement basis; an expression of the second measurement basis is: ； measuring the third light splitting beam by using a third weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a third measurement basis; an expression of the third measurement basis is: ； measuring the fourth light splitting beam by using a fourth weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a fourth measurement basis; an expression of the fourth measurement basis is: ； wherein is a first measurement basis, is a second measurement basis, is a third measurement basis, is a fourth measurement basis, is a deflection angle, is a horizontal polarization of the signal path, is a vertical polarization of the signal path, e is the natural logarithm, and i is the imaginary unit.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the performing coincidence counting based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result, and obtaining noisy information, comprises: performing coincidence counting on the reference measurement basis and the first measurement basis, the second measurement basis, the third measurement basis, and the fourth measurement basis respectively, and obtaining corresponding counting results; determining noisy information based on the counting results.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, the performing coincidence counting on the reference measurement basis and the first measurement basis, the second measurement basis, the third measurement basis, and the fourth measurement basis respectively, and obtaining corresponding counting results, comprises: performing coincidence counting on the reference measurement basis and the first measurement basis, and obtaining a first result; an expression of the first result is: ； performing coincidence counting on the reference measurement basis and the second measurement basis, and obtaining a second result; an expression of the second result is: ； performing coincidence counting on the reference measurement basis and the third measurement basis, and obtaining a third result; an expression of the third result is: ； performing coincidence counting on the reference measurement basis and the fourth measurement basis, and obtaining a fourth result; an expression of the fourth result is: ； where N1 is the first result, N2 is the second result, N3 is the third result, N4 is the fourth result, is the impact of the de-coherence channel, is the impact of the rotation effect, is the deflection angle, is the noisy information.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, the determining noisy information based on the counting results, comprises: determining noisy information based on any three of the first result, the second result, the third result, and the fourth result.

5. A method for information encoding based on polarization-entangled photons, characterized by, The information encoding method is used in cooperation with the information decoding method based on polarization entangled photons according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the information encoding method comprises: Preparation of polarization entangled state, and the polarization entangled state is divided into a first quantum state and a second quantum state; Obtaining encoding information; Encoding the encoding information on the second quantum state, so that the second quantum state realizes information transmission through a long-distance transmission channel.

6. An information decoding device based on polarization entangled photons, characterized in that, Comprise: The first acquisition module is used for obtaining a first quantum state and a second quantum state; the first quantum state and the second quantum state are generated based on polarization entangled state branching, and the second quantum state passes through a noisy channel; The first analysis module is used for decoding the first quantum state by using a first decoder, and obtaining a first decoding result; The second analysis module is used for decoding the second quantum state by using a second decoder, and obtaining a second decoding result; The calculation module is used for coincidence counting based on the first decoding result and the second decoding result, and obtaining noisy information; The data processing module is used for data processing the noisy information to obtain transmission information; The first analysis module is specifically used for: Directly measuring the first quantum state by using a first decoder, and obtaining a reference measurement base; The expression of the reference measurement base is: ； wherein is the reference measurement basis, is the horizontal polarization of the reference road, is the vertical polarization of the reference road; The second analysis module is specifically used for: Splitting the second quantum state by using a beam splitter, and obtaining a first split beam, a second split beam, a third split beam and a fourth split beam; Measuring the first split beam by using a first weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a first measurement base; The expression of the first measurement base is: ； Measuring the second split beam by using a second weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a second measurement base; The expression of the second measurement base is: ； Measuring the third split beam by using a third weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a third measurement base; The expression of the third measurement base is: ； Measuring the fourth split beam by using a fourth weak measurement decoder, and obtaining a fourth measurement base; The expression of the fourth measurement base is: ； wherein is a first measurement basis, is a second measurement basis, is a third measurement basis, is a fourth measurement basis, is a deflection angle, is a horizontal polarization of the signal path, is a vertical polarization of the signal path, e is the natural logarithm, and i is the imaginary unit.

7. An information encoding apparatus based on polarization-entangled photons, characterized by comprising: a polarization beam splitter; a polarization controller; a polarization rotator; a polarization beam combiner; and a polarization analyzer. The information encoding device is used with the polarization entangled photon-based information decoding device of claim 6, and the information encoding device comprises: A preparation module is used for preparing a polarization entangled state, and the polarization entangled state is divided into a first quantum state and a second quantum state; The second acquisition module is used for obtaining encoding information; The encoding module is used for encoding the encoding information on the second quantum state, so that the second quantum state realizes information transmission through a long-distance transmission channel.

8. An information encoding and decoding system based on polarization entangled photons, characterized by, Comprise: The polarization entangled photon-based information decoding device of claim 6 and the polarization entangled photon-based information encoding device of claim 7.

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