Method, device and electronic equipment for residual static correction of time-varying dynamic targets

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, and discloses a method, device, and electronic device for residual static correction of time-varying dynamic targets. The method for residual static correction of time-varying dynamic targets includes: denoising; obtaining the statistical effect DDi21 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked seismic data body A1 along the layer corresponding to Di, and simultaneously obtaining the statistical effect DDi22 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the pre-stack gather B1 along the layer corresponding to Di; defining a time window for time-varying residual static correction; and performing dynamic cross-correlation calculation between the optimized model trace of the stacked seismic data body A1 and the pre-stack gather B1 to obtain different residual correction time differences for all reflection layers in the CMP gather or CRP gather. This technical solution can be performed on the basis of the existing residual static correction effect, and can further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data, thereby improving the overall imaging effect of the data. Of course, this method can also be used directly to perform residual static correction after conventional static correction; and the residual correction error can also be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, and pertains to seismic data processing technology in oil and gas exploration, and in particular to a method, device and electronic equipment for residual static correction of a time-varying dynamic target. Background Art

[0002] Conventional non-surface-consistent residual statics methods are based on a stacking model. They perform cross-correlation with all traces in a common midpoint gather (CMP gather) or migrated gather (CRP gather) within a fixed time window to obtain a uniform time shift for the entire trace. These methods do not account for the time-variability caused by velocity differences between reflectors at different depths in the vertical direction and between different imaging traces in the horizontal direction. While stacking data volumes can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution to a certain extent, they also suffer from distortion. This method is currently commonly used in the seismic processing industry. Due to the aforementioned limitations, it sometimes improves localized strong reflectors while degrading weaker reflectors in the same area. Especially when dealing with seismic exploration data with complex surface and subsurface structures (referred to as "double complexity"), significant residual statics that vary with reflection time are still present. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is still significantly affected by the near-surface influence, and near-surface influences on the data are not completely eliminated, nor is "in-phase" stacking of all reflectors achieved. Consequently, the SNR and resolution of the data are difficult to meet the requirements for accurate imaging, hindering subsequent seismic interpretation tasks.

[0003] In summary, the existing non-surface consistent residual static correction method cross-correlates all traces in a common center point gather within a fixed time window to obtain the same time shift for the entire trace. This fixed time window does not consider the time variability caused by the velocity differences between the various reflection layers. When encountering seismic data with complex surface and underground structures, it cannot effectively eliminate the influence of the near surface, etc., and the residual correction error is large. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a method, device and electronic device for residual static correction of a time-varying dynamic target to solve the above-mentioned technical problem of large errors in the prior art.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present application, an embodiment provides a method for residual static correction of a time-varying dynamic target, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S101. Seismic data preparation:

[0007] Obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target layer Di; assume that the size of the residual static correction window is E;

[0008] S102, denoising processing, including the following sub-steps:

[0009] S1021, removing noise from the stacked seismic data volume A to obtain a stacked seismic data volume A1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model;

[0010] S1022, removing noise from one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C to obtain a prestack gather B1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model;

[0011] S103, obtaining the statistical effect DDi21 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked seismic data volume A1 along the layer corresponding to Di, and simultaneously obtaining the statistical effect DDi22 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the pre-stack gather B1 along the layer corresponding to Di;

[0012] S104, defining a time window for time-varying residual static correction, including the following sub-steps:

[0013] S1041, define the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value as X0; the signal-to-noise ratio value is normalized to (0, 1); perform statistics on all corresponding sample point values ​​of statistical effect DDi1, statistical effect DDi21, and statistical effect DDi22, and set the lower limit of the signal-to-noise ratio value of the statistical point greater than half as X1;

[0014] S1041a. When the absolute value of X1 is greater than or equal to 0.5, set X1 = X0;

[0015] S1041b. When the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.5 and greater than or equal to 0.3, set X0 to 0.5, or reduce the value of X0 as appropriate until it reaches 0.3;

[0016] S1042: When the sample points for obtaining the residual static correction correspond to the situation in S1041a, the time window E is still used to perform the subsequent round of residual static correction when obtaining the corresponding residual correction;

[0017] S1043. When the sample point for obtaining the residual static correction corresponds to the situation in S1041b, let the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the sample point be X2, let the corresponding time window for obtaining the residual static correction be E2i, then E2i=X0*E / X2;

[0018] When E2i is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the sample signal, then E2i=λi, otherwise E2i=X0*E / X2;

[0019] S105, based on the dynamic time windows E and E2i defined in S104, dynamic cross-correlation calculation is performed by stacking the optimized model traces of the seismic data volume A1 with the pre-stack gather B1 to obtain different residual corrected moveouts for all reflection layers in the CMP gather or CRP gather;

[0020] Wherein, i=1, 2, 3, ..., n, representing different target layers for obtaining the residual static correction value.

[0021] In one embodiment, in step S101, multiple rounds of residual static correction and velocity model optimization iterations are performed to obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the offset common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target formation Di; and the residual static correction time window size E is the residual static correction time window size of the last round.

[0022] In one embodiment, in step S102, the stacked seismic data volume A is denoised using a non-amplitude-preserving algorithm to obtain formation events with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0023] In one embodiment, in step S102, noise suppression is performed on one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C to obtain gather events with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0024] In one embodiment, the noise suppression adopts a non-amplitude-preserving algorithm.

[0025] In one embodiment, in step S1041 , statistics are collected on the sample point values ​​of the statistical effect DDi1 , the statistical effect DDi21 , and the statistical effect DDi22 , either individually or in combination.

[0026] In one embodiment, in step S1041, when the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.3, it is determined that the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data itself is low.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present application, an embodiment provides a residual static correction device for a time-varying dynamic target, comprising:

[0028] The data preparation module is used to obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target layer Di, assuming that the size of the residual static correction window is E;

[0029] The denoising module is used to remove noise from the stacked seismic data volume A to obtain a stacked seismic data volume A1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model; and is used to remove noise from one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather data volume C to obtain a pre-stack gather B1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model;

[0030] The first processing module is used to obtain the statistical effect DDi21 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer corresponding to Di of the stacked seismic data volume A1, and simultaneously obtain the statistical effect DDi22 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer corresponding to Di of the pre-stack gather B1;

[0031] A calculation module is used to obtain different residual corrected moveouts for all reflection layers in a CMP gather or a CRP gather by performing dynamic cross-correlation calculations on the optimized model traces of the stacked seismic data volume A1 and the pre-stack gather B1 based on the dynamic time windows E and E2i defined by the time window definition module; and

[0032] The time window definition module performs the following steps, including:

[0033] S1041, define the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value as X0; the signal-to-noise ratio value is normalized to (0, 1); perform statistics on all corresponding sample point values ​​of statistical effect DDi1, statistical effect DDi21, and statistical effect DDi22, and set the lower limit of the signal-to-noise ratio value of the statistical point greater than half as X1;

[0034] S1041a. When the absolute value of X1 is greater than or equal to 0.5, set X1 = X0;

[0035] S1041b. When the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.5 and greater than or equal to 0.3, set X0 to 0.5, or reduce the value of X0 as appropriate until it reaches 0.3;

[0036] S1042: When the sample points for obtaining the residual static correction correspond to the situation in S1041a, the time window E is still used to perform the subsequent round of residual static correction when obtaining the corresponding residual correction;

[0037] S1043. When the sample point for obtaining the residual static correction corresponds to the situation in S1041b, let the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the sample point be X2, let the corresponding time window for obtaining the residual static correction be E2i, then E2i=X0*E / X2;

[0038] When E2i is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the sample signal, then E2i=λi, otherwise E2i=X0*E / X2;

[0039] Wherein, i=1, 2, 3, ..., n, representing different target layers for obtaining the residual static correction value.

[0040] According to another aspect of the present application, an embodiment provides an electronic device, including:

[0041] Memory; and

[0042] processor;

[0043] The memory is used to store one or more computer instructions; the one or more computer instructions are executed by the processor to implement any one of the above-mentioned methods for residual static correction of time-varying dynamic targets.

[0044] According to another aspect of the present application, an embodiment provides a readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon; wherein, when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the time-varying dynamic target residual static correction method as described in any one of the above items is implemented.

[0045] The above-mentioned embodiments of the present application perform non-surface consistent residual static correction for targeted time-varying windows with varying surface, stratum, and signal-to-noise ratios. This can be performed based on existing residual static correction results, further improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and, in turn, the overall imaging quality of the data. Of course, this method can also be used directly to perform residual static correction after conventional static correction; similarly, it can eliminate near-surface effects and reduce residual correction errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a stacked cross section before residual static correction in an embodiment;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a superimposed cross section after the final residual static correction of a conventional technique in an embodiment;

[0048] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the residual amount before and after the final residual static calibration of a conventional technology in an embodiment; wherein, Figure 3a It reflects the residual correction amount before the application of conventional residual static correction technology; Figure 3b It reflects the residual correction amount after the application of conventional residual static correction technology; Figure 3a1 yes Figure 3a Grayscale image of Figure 3b1 yes Figure 3b Grayscale image of

[0049] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of CRP gather B data volume before and after noise suppression in one embodiment; Figure 4a It is before, Figure 4b It is the queen;

[0050] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing cross-sections of a data volume A before and after noise suppression in an embodiment; Figure 5a It is before, Figure 5b It is the queen;

[0051] Figure 6 In one embodiment, the present invention is a statistical graph of the signal-to-noise ratio of a certain target layer in a certain area; Figure 6a yes Figure 6 Grayscale image of

[0052] Figure 7 The figure is a calculation result diagram of the residual static correction dynamic time window corresponding to a certain purpose in a certain area and the signal-to-noise ratio in an embodiment; Figure 7a yes Figure 7 Grayscale image of

[0053] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of superimposed cross sections before and after the final residual static correction of the present invention in an embodiment; the left figure is before and the right figure is after;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the remaining amount after the final remaining static calibration using the present technology in an embodiment; Figure 9a yes Figure 9 Grayscale image of

[0055] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding layer after the application of this technology in an embodiment; Figure 10a yes Figure 10 Grayscale image of

[0056] Figure 11 is a flow chart of a method for residual static correction of a time-varying dynamic target in an embodiment;

[0057] Figure 12 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a residual static correction device for a time-varying dynamic target in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0059] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged in appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, the process, method, system, product or equipment that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or equipment.

[0061] It should be understood that when an element (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is described as being "on" another element, the element may be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present. Moreover, in this application, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element or "connected" to the other element through a third element.

[0062] The following embodiments of the present application may serve to supplement each other.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Please refer to Figure 10 An embodiment provides a time-varying dynamic target residual static correction method, which involves the static correction problem of seismic data preprocessing technology, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0065] S101. Seismic data preparation:

[0066] Obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target layer Di; assume that the size of the residual static correction window is E;

[0067] S102, denoising processing, including the following sub-steps:

[0068] S1021, removing noise from the stacked seismic data volume A to obtain a stacked seismic data volume A1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model;

[0069] S1022, removing noise from one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C to obtain a prestack gather B1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model;

[0070] S103, obtaining the statistical effect DDi21 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked seismic data volume A1 along the layer corresponding to Di, and simultaneously obtaining the statistical effect DDi22 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the pre-stack gather B1 along the layer corresponding to Di;

[0071] S104, defining a time window for time-varying residual static correction, including the following sub-steps:

[0072] S1041, define the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value as X0; normalize the signal-to-noise ratio value to the interval (0,1); perform statistics on all corresponding sample point values ​​of statistical effect DDi1, statistical effect DDi21, and statistical effect DDi22, and set the lower limit of the signal-to-noise ratio value of the statistical point greater than half as X1;

[0073] S1041a. When the absolute value of X1 is greater than or equal to 0.5, set X1 = X0;

[0074] S1041b. When the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.5 and greater than or equal to 0.3, set X0 to 0.5, or reduce the value of X0 as appropriate until it reaches 0.3;

[0075] S1042: When the sample points for obtaining the residual static correction correspond to the situation in S1041a, the time window E is still used to perform the subsequent round of residual static correction when obtaining the corresponding residual correction;

[0076] S1043. When the sample point for obtaining the residual static correction corresponds to the situation in S1041b, let the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the sample point be X2, let the corresponding time window for obtaining the residual static correction be E2i, then E2i=X0*E / X2;

[0077] When E2i is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the sample signal, then E2i = λi, otherwise E2i = X0*E / X2; where i means multiple sample points; in this case, E2i can be written as E2, that is, when E2 is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the sample signal, then E2 = λi, otherwise E2 uses the above algorithm and the time window remains unchanged;

[0078] S105, based on the dynamic time windows E and E2i defined in S104, dynamic cross-correlation calculation is performed by stacking the optimized model traces of the seismic data volume A1 with the pre-stack gather B1 to obtain different residual corrected moveouts for all reflection layers in the CMP gather or CRP gather;

[0079] Wherein, i=1, 2, 3, ..., n, representing different target layers for obtaining the residual static correction value.

[0080] This technical solution designs a dynamic time window (step S104) and implements time-varying dynamic sliding cross-correlation based on the model trace and the common center point gather or common imaging point gather. This ensures that the residual statics are targeted and relevant to the surface or formation during the correction. Within a more precise dynamic time window, static corrections are obtained for different imaging points in each reflector layer, allowing for changes in the time window's horizontal and vertical extents. This time-varying, "dynamic," non-surface-consistent residual static correction method achieves more precise "in-phase" stacking of reflectors, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the entire data volume.

[0081] In one embodiment, in step S101, multiple rounds of residual static correction and velocity model optimization iteration are performed to obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the offset common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target formation Di; and the residual static correction time window size E is the residual static correction time window size of the last round.

[0082] In one embodiment, in step S102, stacked seismic data volume A is denoised to obtain high-SNR formation events. Furthermore, in step S102, noise suppression can be performed on one or both of the common center point (CMP) gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point (CRP) gather C to obtain high-SNR gather events. Preferably, noise suppression employs a non-amplitude-preserving algorithm. Two previous rounds of residual static correction and denoising can achieve a certain level of processing effectiveness.

[0083] In one embodiment, in step S1041 , statistics are performed on the sample point values ​​of the statistical effect DDi1 , the statistical effect DDi21 , and the statistical effect DDi22 , either individually or in combination.

[0084] In one embodiment, in step S1041, when the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.3, the acquired data is determined to have a low signal-to-noise ratio. In this case, residual static correction of the statistically analyzed horizon or the entire seismic data is extremely difficult. This may be due to errors in the previous static correction or a poor signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired data.

[0085] This technical solution is mainly aimed at areas with complex near-surface structures, low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, and prominent static correction problems. When the effects of primary static correction and residual static correction in the field are not perfect, a variable time window designed based on the characteristics of the formation signal is invented to perform non-surface consistent residual static correction, thereby improving the accuracy of data imaging and achieving significant results in practical applications.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] When performing residual static correction in the time domain preprocessing of seismic data, this technical solution designs targeted time-varying windows based on the signal-to-noise ratio of existing seismic data and the stacked profile imaging effect for different surface or stratum changes, and performs non-surface consistent residual static correction to achieve the purpose of solving high-precision residual correction effects.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 10 An embodiment provides a method for residual static correction of a time-varying dynamic target, and the implementation steps are as follows:

[0089] (1) Early seismic data preparation: A certain number of rounds of residual static correction and velocity model optimization iterations have been performed to obtain the current version of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the common imaging point CRP gather C after migration, and the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the target layer Di based on the current processing effect (i = 1, 2, 3...n, representing different target layers for obtaining the residual static correction amount). Let the residual static correction time window size of the current last round be E;

[0090] (2) Perform conventional noise removal on the current stacked seismic data volume A to obtain a set of stacked seismic data volume A1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio (a non-amplitude-preserving algorithm can be used to obtain stratigraphic events with a high signal-to-noise ratio) and use it as a model;

[0091] Conventional noise removal is performed on the common center point CMP gather data volume B alone, or on the migrated common image point CRP gather data volume C alone, or on the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common image point CRP gather data volume C together, to obtain a set of pre-stack gathers B1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model; wherein the pre-stack gathers B1 are obtained by conventional noise suppression of the common center point CMP gather data volume B alone, or on the migrated common image point CRP gather data volume C alone, or on both the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common image point CRP gather data volume C. The purpose of noise suppression is to obtain gather events with a high signal-to-noise ratio; preferably, noise suppression is performed without amplitude preservation;

[0092] (3) Obtain the statistical effect DDi21 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the A1 data volume corresponding to the Di layer, and at the same time obtain the statistical effect DDi22 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the pre-stack gather B1 data volume corresponding to the Di layer;

[0093] (4) Design of time window for time-varying residual static correction:

[0094] 4.1. Design the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value as X0. This step assumes that the signal-to-noise ratio value satisfies the (0,1) interval after normalization. The closer X0 is to 1, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio. Count all corresponding sample values ​​of statistical effect DDi1, statistical effect DDi21, and statistical effect DDi22 (either one or a combination is acceptable), and arrange the signal-to-noise ratio values ​​from high to low. The lower limit of the signal-to-noise ratio value for more than half of the statistical points is X1. At this time, X1 has the following three situations:

[0095] 4.1.1 When X1 is greater than or equal to 0.5, set X1 = X0 and proceed directly to the following steps;

[0096] 4.1.2 Furthermore, when the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.5 but greater than or equal to 0.3, it indicates that the signal-to-noise ratio of the horizon used for statistics or the entire seismic data is too low, making residual static correction difficult. In this case, set X0 to 0.5 or reduce it to around 0.3 as appropriate.

[0097] 4.1.3 When the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.3, it indicates that the residual static correction of the horizon or the entire seismic data used for statistics is extremely difficult. This may be due to errors in the previous static correction work or the poor signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired data itself. It is recommended that this technical solution is no longer applicable.

[0098] 4.2 Design the dynamic residual static correction time window; for the first two cases in step 4.1, the time window size is set as follows:

[0099] 4.2.1 When the sample points for calculating the residual statics correspond to the situation in 4.1.1, the time window E shall still be used for the next round of residual statics when calculating the corresponding residual corrections;

[0100] 4.2.2 When the sample point for calculating the residual static correction corresponds to the situation in 4.1.2, assuming that the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the sample point is X2 and the corresponding time window for calculating the residual static correction is E2i, then E2i = X0*E / X2; when the magnitude of E2i is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the signal at the sample point, then E2i = λi; otherwise, E2i is calculated using the above algorithm to keep the time window unchanged;

[0101] In general, step 4.2, on the one hand, achieves the purpose of expanding the calculation time window for low signal-to-noise ratio samples to obtain more accurate residual static correction values, while at the same time ensuring that the time window is not so large as to cause cross-layer errors;

[0102] (5) Using the dynamic time windows E and E2i designed in step 4, conventional dynamic cross-correlation calculations are performed by superimposing the optimized model traces of the seismic data volume A1 and the pre-stack trace gather B1. However, the time windows E and E2i used in the calculation are dynamic, and this dynamic takes into account the data signal-to-noise ratio, and achieves targeted spatial variation in the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby calculating the different residual correction time differences of all reflection layers in the CMP or CRP trace gathers. Based on this residual correction time difference, the final profile is superimposed to obtain a more accurate stacking imaging effect.

[0103] The above technical solution can further reduce the residual static correction amount on the basis of conventional residual static correction to improve accuracy; it can also be used to directly perform residual static correction after conventional static correction. Among them, steps (2) and (3) serve step (4) to provide basic data; step (5) verifies the invention effect of step (4).

[0104] Example 3

[0105] Please refer to Figures 1-10 An embodiment of the present application provides a time-varying dynamic target residual static correction method, which can be used when the residual static correction effect of the data is relatively poor. For different surface or stratum changes, the invention sets a targeted time-varying window and applies non-surface consistent time-varying dynamic residual static correction to reduce the residual static correction error, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and thereby improving the overall imaging effect of the data.

[0106] The following description will be made from the perspective of practical application to facilitate a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the technical solution of this embodiment.

[0107] The work area for this case study is located in the desert region of the Tarim Basin in northwest China. The dune surface results in a very low seismic signal-to-noise ratio in deep oil and gas reservoirs (between 3.5s and 4.2s). This also leads to significant problems with static correction of data in this area. Solving this static correction problem in this area is a difficult point in seismic data processing and is also the key to improving imaging accuracy.

[0108] The specific steps are as follows:

[0109] (1) Preliminary seismic data preparation: After two rounds of residual static correction and denoising, the current stacking data results have been obtained. The residual static correction of one section is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, after correction Figure 2 As shown in Figure 3, the residual static correction has been significantly improved in the boxed area, and the current residual static correction amount has been reduced, but further optimization is not possible. 84% of the sample errors are within a single sample. The time window for the final round of residual static correction is 5ms, so E = 5ms.

[0110] (2) Noise suppression is performed on the current stacked data volume A and CRP gather B, as shown in Figures 4 and 5; this is used for subsequent dynamic time window design.

[0111] (3) Obtain the statistical effect of the signal-to-noise ratio DDi21 along the layer corresponding to the A1 data volume, as follows: Figure 6 In this example, the SNR value is not normalized to (0, 1), but rather to (0, 15), with a significant digit between (5, 13); however, the principle remains the same.

[0112] (4) From Figure 6 It can be found that the signal-to-noise ratio values ​​of half of the statistical results are from large to small, and the lower limit value is 9, so X0 of this data is 9; the dynamic time windows corresponding to different signal-to-noise ratio areas are as follows Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7 It can be seen that the dynamic time window designed in this layer has a good correspondence with the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0113] (5) Using the dynamic time window designed in step 4, through the A1 data body ( Figure 5b )'s optimized model trace and B1 trace set ( Figure 4b ) to perform conventional dynamic cross-correlation calculations and further residual static corrections, and calculate the optimized stacking profile and residual static corrections as follows: Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown. Figure 8 Left picture and Figure 2 For the same picture, the comparison shows that the focusing degree of the event axis imaging at the target layer has been improved. Figure 9 contrast Figure 3b It can be found that the residual correction amount has been further improved. The correction error within the range of 1 sample point has been optimized from the original 84% to 94% this time, and the overall residual static correction error has been greatly reduced. The signal-to-noise ratio of this layer has also been further improved. Figure 10 and Figure 6 By comparison, it can be found that after applying the technology of the present invention, the high signal-to-noise ratio part of the target layer is increased from the original 38% to 45%, providing a better optimization data foundation for subsequent processing work.

[0114] Example 4

[0115] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 12 One embodiment of the present application provides a residual static correction device for a time-varying dynamic target, comprising: a data preparation module 10, a denoising module 20, a first processing module 30, a calculation module 50, and a time window definition module 40. The data preparation module 40 is configured to obtain a statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, a common center point CMP gather data volume B, a migrated common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target stratum Di, assuming the residual static correction window size is E. The denoising module 20 is configured to remove noise from the stacked seismic data volume A to obtain a stacked seismic data volume A1 with a relatively high SNR, which is used as a model; and to remove noise from one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C to obtain a pre-stack gather B1 with a relatively high SNR, which is used as a model. The first processing module 30 is configured to obtain a statistical effect DDi21 of the SNR along the layer Di of the stacked seismic data volume A1, and simultaneously obtain a statistical effect DDi22 of the SNR along the layer Di of the pre-stack gather B1. The calculation module 50 is used to perform dynamic cross-correlation calculations by stacking the optimized model traces of the seismic data volume A1 with the pre-stack gather B1 based on the dynamic time windows E and E2i defined by the time window definition module to obtain the different residual corrected moveouts for all reflectors in the CMP gather or CRP gather. The time window definition module 40 is used to perform the following steps, which include:

[0116] S1041, define the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value as X0; normalize the signal-to-noise ratio value to satisfy the interval (0,1); perform statistics on all corresponding sample point values ​​of statistical effect DDi1, statistical effect DDi21, and statistical effect DDi22, and set the lower limit of the signal-to-noise ratio value of the statistical point greater than half as X1;

[0117] S1041a. When the absolute value of X1 is greater than or equal to 0.5, set X1 = X0;

[0118] S1041b. When the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.5 and greater than or equal to 0.3, set X0 to 0.5, or reduce the value of X0 as appropriate until it reaches 0.3;

[0119] S1042: When the sample points for obtaining the residual static correction correspond to the situation in S1041a, the time window E is still used to perform the subsequent round of residual static correction when obtaining the corresponding residual correction;

[0120] S1043. When the sample point for obtaining the residual static correction corresponds to the situation in S1041b, let the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the sample point be X2, let the corresponding time window for obtaining the residual static correction be E2i, then E2i=X0*E / X2;

[0121] When the magnitude of E2i is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the sample signal, then E2i=λi; otherwise, E2i=X0*E / X2.

[0122] In the above, i=1, 2, 3, ..., n, representing different target layers for obtaining the residual static correction value.

[0123] The above-mentioned time-varying dynamic target residual static correction device is used to implement the time-varying dynamic target residual static correction method in the above-mentioned embodiments. Each module in the device corresponds to a step in the method and will not be described in detail.

[0124] Example 5

[0125] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor; wherein the memory is used to store one or more computer instructions; the one or more computer instructions are executed by the processor according to the time-varying dynamic target residual static correction method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0126] Example 6

[0127] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application provides a readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored; wherein, when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the time-varying dynamic target residual static correction method described in any one of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0128] The one or more computer instructions mentioned above may form a program.

[0129] The above program can be executed in a processor or stored in a memory (or computer-readable medium), which includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can implement information storage by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transitory computer-readable media such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0130] These computer programs can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for executing on the computer or other programmable device to implement the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the functions specified in one or more blocks can be implemented by different modules corresponding to different steps.

[0131] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A residual static correction method for a time-varying dynamic target, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S101. Seismic data preparation: Obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target layer Di; assume that the size of the residual static correction window is E; S102, denoising processing, including the following sub-steps: S1021, removing noise from the stacked seismic data volume A to obtain a stacked seismic data volume A1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model; S1022, removing noise from one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C to obtain a prestack gather B1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model; S103, obtaining the statistical effect DDi21 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked seismic data volume A1 along the layer corresponding to Di, and simultaneously obtaining the statistical effect DDi22 of the signal-to-noise ratio of the pre-stack gather B1 along the layer corresponding to Di; S104, defining a time window for time-varying residual static correction, including the following sub-steps: S1041, define the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value as X0; the signal-to-noise ratio value is normalized to (0, 1); perform statistics on all corresponding sample point values ​​of statistical effect DDi1, statistical effect DDi21, and statistical effect DDi22, and set the lower limit of the signal-to-noise ratio value of the statistical point greater than half as X1; S1041a. When the absolute value of X1 is greater than or equal to 0.5, set X1 = X0; S1041b. When the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.5 and greater than or equal to 0.3, set X0 to 0.5, or reduce the value of X0 as appropriate until it reaches 0.3; S1042: When the sample points for obtaining the residual static correction correspond to the situation in S1041a, the time window E is still used to perform the subsequent round of residual static correction when obtaining the corresponding residual correction; S1043. When the sample point for obtaining the residual static correction corresponds to the situation in S1041b, let the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the sample point be X2, let the corresponding time window for obtaining the residual static correction be E2i, then E2i=X0*E / X2; When E2i is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the sample signal, then E2i=λi, otherwise E2i=X0*E / X2; S105, based on the dynamic time windows E and E2i defined in S104, dynamic cross-correlation calculation is performed by stacking the optimized model traces of the seismic data volume A1 with the pre-stack gather B1 to obtain different residual corrected moveouts for all reflection layers in the CMP gather or CRP gather; Wherein, i=1, 2, 3, ..., n, representing different target layers for obtaining the residual static correction value.

2. The residual static correction method for time-varying dynamic targets according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S101, multiple rounds of residual static correction and velocity model optimization iteration are performed to obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the offset common imaging point CRP gather C and the target formation Di; and the residual static correction window size E is the residual static correction window size of the last round.

3. The residual static correction method for time-varying dynamic targets according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S102, the stacked seismic data volume A is denoised using a non-amplitude-preserving algorithm to obtain formation events with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

4. The residual static correction method for a time-varying dynamic target according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In step S102, noise suppression is performed on one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C to obtain gather events with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

5. The residual static correction method for time-varying dynamic targets according to claim 4, characterized in that: Noise suppression uses a non-amplitude-preserving algorithm.

6. The residual static correction method for time-varying dynamic targets according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1041 , statistics are collected on the sample point values ​​of the statistical effect DDi1 , the statistical effect DDi21 , and the statistical effect DDi22 . Counting can be performed on any one of them or on a combination thereof.

7. The residual static correction method for time-varying dynamic targets according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1041, when the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.3, it is determined that the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data itself is low.

8. A residual static correction device for a time-varying dynamic target, characterized in that: include: The data preparation module is used to obtain the statistical effect DDi1 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer of the stacked seismic data volume A, the common center point CMP gather data volume B, the migrated common imaging point CRP gather C, and the target layer Di, assuming that the size of the residual static correction window is E; The denoising module is used to remove noise from the stacked seismic data volume A to obtain a stacked seismic data volume A1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model; and is used to remove noise from one or both of the common center point CMP gather data volume B and the migrated common imaging point CRP gather data volume C to obtain a pre-stack gather B1 with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and use it as a model; The first processing module is used to obtain the statistical effect DDi21 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer corresponding to Di of the stacked seismic data volume A1, and simultaneously obtain the statistical effect DDi22 of the signal-to-noise ratio along the layer corresponding to Di of the pre-stack gather B1; A calculation module is used to perform dynamic cross-correlation calculation on the optimized model traces of the stacked seismic data volume A1 and the pre-stack gather B1 based on the dynamic time windows E and E2i defined by the time window definition module, so as to obtain the different residual corrected moveouts of all reflection layers in the CMP gather or CRP gather; and The time window definition module performs the following steps, including: S1041, define the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value as X0; the signal-to-noise ratio value is normalized to (0, 1); perform statistics on all corresponding sample point values ​​of statistical effect DDi1, statistical effect DDi21, and statistical effect DDi22, and set the lower limit of the signal-to-noise ratio value of the statistical point greater than half as X1; S1041a. When the absolute value of X1 is greater than or equal to 0.5, set X1 = X0; S1041b. When the absolute value of X1 is less than 0.5 and greater than or equal to 0.3, set X0 to 0.5, or reduce the value of X0 as appropriate until it reaches 0.3; S1042: When the sample points for obtaining the residual static correction correspond to the situation in S1041a, the time window E is still used to perform the subsequent round of residual static correction when obtaining the corresponding residual correction; S1043. When the sample point for obtaining the residual static correction corresponds to the situation in S1041b, let the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the sample point be X2, let the corresponding time window for obtaining the residual static correction be E2i, then E2i=X0*E / X2; When E2i is greater than the seismic wavelength λi within one cycle of the sample signal, then E2i=λi, otherwise E2i=X0*E / X2; Wherein, i=1, 2, 3, ..., n, representing different target layers for obtaining the residual static correction value.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: Memory; and processor; The memory is used to store one or more computer instructions; the one or more computer instructions are executed by the processor to implement the time-varying dynamic target residual static correction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores computer instructions; wherein, when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the method for residual static correction of a time-varying dynamic target according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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