A fry and juvenile fish nursing fish nest and an ecological revetment structure containing the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fry-rearing fish nest and an ecological revetment structure including the same. The fry-rearing fish nest includes a fish nest base, an adult fish blocking frame, and a broodstock attracting platform. The fish nest base is a cuboid-shaped precast steel-concrete frame body. A plurality of long holes are spacedly arranged on each side wall of the precast steel-concrete frame body. The adult fish blocking frame is a cuboid-shaped enclosure body, which is composed of a round bamboo floating frame and a bamboo curtain fence below it. The broodstock attracting platform is a square-shaped floating bed surrounded by multiple round bamboos and having a central hole. The floating bed is sleeved outside the round bamboo floating frame through the central hole, and aquatic plants are planted on the upper surface of the floating bed. The advantages are as follows: it has the functions of attracting broodstock and blocking adult fish. After the broodstock is attracted and lays eggs, the eggs can enter the interior of the fish nest base below. The fish nest base is a fry-rearing place. The fish nest base cooperates with the floating adult fish blocking frame above, and can always form a protection space for fry inside the fish nest base when the water level changes; the ecological revetment structure including the same has the advantages of convenient construction, low cost, and easy maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration engineering, and relates to a fry-rearing fish nest for juvenile fish and an ecological revetment structure including the same. Background Art

[0002] River and lake slopes have important ecological functions. The area with lush aquatic plants near the shore is not only an important spawning ground for fish that lay adhesive eggs, but also a key place for the rearing of juvenile fish after the fish eggs hatch. However, the slopes are easily eroded by water flow and waves, constantly collapsing and retreating, which will not only cause soil and water loss and water source loss, but also endanger the reproduction of fish that lay adhesive eggs. Therefore, slope protection is the focus of ecological restoration engineering and the protection of water conservancy and waterway engineering.

[0003] Existing artificial fish nests or slope protection structures generally completely adopt precast fish nest bricks made of concrete or integral reinforced concrete structures to form a rigid ecological retaining wall to prevent wind and wave erosion and provide a habitat for fish to rear their young. However, this kind of vertical rigid structure ecological revetment structure generally needs to be built relatively high, with a large amount of work, inconvenient construction and high cost. After being formed, it cannot be moved and is also difficult to repair when damaged. When the slope protection structure needs to be quickly formed, seasonally put in place and meet the low-cost requirements, the existing conventional rigid structure revetment structures can no longer meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fry-rearing fish nest for juvenile fish and an ecological revetment structure including the same, aiming to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution for the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A fry-rearing fish nest for juvenile fish, which includes a fish nest base, an adult fish blocking frame and a broodstock attracting platform. The fish nest base is a cuboid-shaped precast steel-concrete frame body with both upper and lower end faces being hollow. A plurality of vertically extending long holes for juvenile fish to pass through are spacedly arranged on each side wall of the precast steel-concrete frame body. The adult fish blocking frame is a cuboid-shaped surrounding body with both upper and lower end faces being hollow. The broodstock attracting platform is a round bamboo-enclosed square floating bed with a central hole. The floating bed is sleeved outside the round bamboo floating frame through the central hole. Aquatic plants are planted on the upper surface of the floating bed. The four corners of the floating bed are respectively fixedly connected to counterweight stones placed at the bottom of the water body through anchor cables.

[0006] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0007] Further, the surrounding body is composed of a round bamboo floating frame and a bamboo curtain fence extending downward along the lower edge of the round bamboo floating frame. The round bamboo floating frame is formed by tying a plurality of horizontally arranged round bamboos with ropes, and at least one round bamboo floats on the water surface at the uppermost part. The bamboo curtain fence is formed by tying and connecting a plurality of horizontally arranged bamboo slices with ropes in series, and the lower edge is fixedly connected to the periphery of the upper end of the precast steel-concrete frame body.

[0008] Furthermore, the height of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame is 1-1.5m or more and higher than the low water level of the water body at the location where it is installed, the width of the upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame is 0.8-1.2m, the length is 1.5-2m, and the thickness of the side wall of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame is 8-15cm. The long hole is a rectangular hole, the long side of the rectangular hole is in the vertical direction and the length is more than one-third of the height of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame, the width of the rectangular hole is in the horizontal direction and the width is less than 1cm, and the distance between two adjacent rectangular holes on each side wall of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame does not exceed 10cm.

[0009] Furthermore, the length and width of the lower end surface of the enclosure body match the length and width of the upper end surface of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of fixing rings are evenly spaced and pre-buried on the upper outer surface of the side wall of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame or on the upper end surface of the side wall, and a plurality of straps or self-locking hooks for connecting the fixing rings are spaced at intervals on the lower edge of the bamboo curtain fence.

[0011] Furthermore, submerged plants are planted in the prefabricated steel-concrete frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent round bamboos in the round bamboo floating frame and the distance between two adjacent bamboo pieces in the bamboo curtain fence are both no more than 1 cm.

[0013] Furthermore, a planting soil layer for planting the aquatic plants is laid on the upper surface of the floating bed, and the aquatic plants are emergent plants.

[0014] Furthermore, the length and width of the outer edge of the floating bed are respectively more than twice the length and width corresponding to the central hole.

[0015] The present invention also provides an ecological bank protection structure, which comprises the above-mentioned larvae and juvenile fish care nests, wherein a plurality of larvae and juvenile fish care nests are provided and arranged at intervals along the river bank slope, and the distance between adjacent larvae and juvenile fish care nests is 1-5m.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The interior of the fish nest base of the juvenile fish rearing fish nest provided by the present invention is a rearing place. The side wall of the fish nest base is a hollow structure with long holes arranged at intervals, which cooperates with the adult fish blocking frame floating above. When the water level changes, a protection space for juvenile fish is always formed inside the fish nest base. Since the gaps between the vertical long holes, between the round bamboos and between the bamboo slices on the adult fish blocking frame are all relatively small, only juvenile fish can pass through, and large-sized adult fish are blocked and cannot enter the interior of the fish nest base, so that the juvenile fish can be protected, and the survival rate of the juvenile fish can be improved. Planting submerged plants inside the fish nest base can also increase the abundance of submerged plants in the water body. Emergent plants are planted on the floating beds of the peripheral adult fish attracting platforms. The floating beds float freely on the water surface when the water level is relatively shallow in winter and spring, with sufficient light, which can ensure the smooth germination of emergent plants. In summer, when the water level rises, the floating beds enter a semi-submerged state. This submerged state can not only make the emergent plants grow better, but also the abundant emergent plants provide a good spawning environment for adult fish on the periphery and can maintain their own survival. After the fish eggs hatch, they can migrate to the interior of the fish nest base for rearing through the gaps between the round bamboos and between the bamboo slices on the adult fish blocking frame and the long holes on the fish nest base. After the rearing is completed, the juvenile fish are protected again. The overall structural design is simple, reasonable, effective and low-cost.

[0018] The ecological bank protection structure provided by the present invention is formed by arranging the above-mentioned juvenile fish rearing fish nests at intervals along the river bank slope. This structure can not only protect juvenile fish, beautify the river environment, but also effectively inhibit the scouring of the wave and water flow on the bank slope, and effectively protect the bank slope. Compared with the traditional rigid bank protection structure, the ecological bank protection structure provided by the present invention has a simple structure, fast construction, small investment, more complete functions and convenient maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a partial sectional view of a juvenile fish rearing fish nest and an ecological bank protection structure including the same provided by the present invention (the adult fish blocking frame and the adult fish attracting platform are cut open and only the structures at the section are shown);

[0020] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the axonometric view of the precast steel-concrete frame body in

[0021] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the front view of the front side of the adult fish blocking frame enclosure body in

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the top view of the upper round bamboo floating frame of the adult fish blocking frame enclosure body in

[0023] Figure 5 is Figure 4Schematic diagram of the connection structure at the vertical intersection of two round bamboos in the horizontal and vertical directions of the round bamboo floating frame (the unclosed curve represents the fixing rope to be tied);

[0024] Figure 6 is Figure 1 The top view of the floating bed;

[0025] Figure 7 is Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the floating bed shown and the round bamboo fixed on it and the binding ropes (dotted lines) for maintaining the stability of the floating bed structure;

[0026] Figure 8 is Figure 7 The front view of the floating bed shown.

[0027] In the accompanying drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0028] 1. Prefabricated steel-concrete frame; 2. Long hole; 3. Round bamboo floating frame; 4. Bamboo curtain fence; 5. Floating bed; 6. Anchor cable; 7. Counterweight stone; 8. Fixed ring; 9. Self-locking hook; 10. Planting soil layer; 11. Emergent plants. Specific embodiments

[0029] The principles and features of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, if terms indicating directions such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are used, the directions or positional relationships indicated are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0031] Such as Figures 1 to 8As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a nursery fish nest for juvenile fish, which includes a fish nest base, an adult fish blocking frame and a broodstock attracting platform. The fish nest base is a precast reinforced concrete frame body 1 in the shape of a cuboid with hollow upper and lower end faces. A plurality of vertically extending long holes 2 for juvenile fish to pass through are spaced apart on each side wall of the precast reinforced concrete frame body 1. The adult fish blocking frame is a surrounding body in the shape of a cuboid with hollow upper and lower end faces. The surrounding body is composed of a round bamboo floating frame 3 and a bamboo curtain fence 4 extending downward along the lower edge of the round bamboo floating frame 3. The round bamboo floating frame 3 is formed by tying a plurality of horizontally arranged round bamboos with ropes, and at least one round bamboo floats on the water surface at the uppermost part. The bamboo curtain fence 4 is formed by tying and connecting a plurality of horizontally arranged bamboo slices with ropes in series, and its lower edge is fixedly connected to the periphery of the upper end of the precast reinforced concrete frame body 1. The broodstock attracting platform is a square floating bed 5 surrounded by a plurality of round bamboos and having a central hole. The floating bed 5 is sleeved outside the round bamboo floating frame 3 through the central hole. Aquatic plants are planted on the upper surface of the floating bed 5. The four corners of the floating bed 5 are respectively fixedly connected to counterweight stones 7 placed at the bottom of the water body through anchor cables 6.

[0032] It should be noted that the central hole of the square floating bed is larger than the outer edge dimensions of the horizontal cross-sections of both the fish nest base and the adult fish blocking frame, so that the floating bed can be sleeved outside the adult fish blocking frame and finally form a structural form as shown in Figure 1 the figure. Both the fish nest base and the adult fish blocking frame are hollow at the upper and lower end faces, that is to say, there is no bottom surface and top surface. Therefore, in order to prevent adult fish from entering the protection area (the internal space of the fish nest base and the adult fish blocking frame) from the bottom of the fish nest base and from the top of the adult fish blocking frame, when installing this nursery fish nest for juvenile fish, it should be ensured that the fish nest base fits tightly with the river ground without leaving large gaps. At the same time, at least one round bamboo of the round bamboo floating frame at the upper part of the adult fish blocking frame floats on the water surface at the uppermost part to form a complete protection from top to bottom.

[0033] It can be understood that the so-called precast reinforced concrete frame body of the fish nest base is a precast reinforced concrete component, which has a firm structure and good weather resistance. After being prefabricated and formed in the factory, it is then transferred to the river where it needs to be installed, which is much more efficient than the construction method of using fish nest bricks to build fish nests piece by piece on the river site. Counterweight stones are suspended at the bottom of the floating bed. The function of the counterweight stones is to limit the floating range of the floating bed. When the water level rises in spring and summer, the floating bed enters a semi-submerged state under the restriction of the counterweight stones. The buoyancy of the floating bed should not be too large, and it can be basically flush with the water surface. When the buoyancy is too large, some closed bamboo joints should be drilled to reduce the buoyancy.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, the long hole 2 is a rectangular hole. The long side of the rectangular hole extends in the vertical direction and the length is more than one-third of the height of the precast reinforced concrete frame body 1. The width of the rectangular hole extends in the horizontal direction and the width is less than 1 cm. The distance between adjacent two of the rectangular holes on each side wall of the precast reinforced concrete frame body 1 does not exceed 10 cm.

[0035] It is understandable that the precast steel-concrete frame has a relatively large self-weight. In addition to providing protection for juvenile fish, it also serves to anchor at a specific position in the water body. In particular, it can prevent the adult fish blocking frame from being carried away from the installation position by water waves. When installing, to prevent the fish nest base from being washed down or tilted by the water flow during use, its bottom should be buried about 20 cm under the river bottom soil.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the precast steel-concrete frame 1 is 1 - 1.5 m or more and higher than the low water level of the water body at the layout position. The width of the upper and lower surfaces of the precast steel-concrete frame 1 is 0.8 - 1.2 m, and the length is 1.5 - 2 m. The thickness of the side wall of the precast steel-concrete frame 1 is 8 - 15 cm.

[0037] To prevent the precast steel-concrete frame from being exposed above the water surface in the dry season and affecting the beauty of the river channel, when arranging the precast steel-concrete frame, the height of the precast steel-concrete frame itself and the height of the low water level of the river channel should be comprehensively considered as much as possible, and the precast steel-concrete frame should be installed at a position that will not be exposed above the water surface even in the dry season.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, the length and width of the lower end surface of the enclosure body match the length and width of the upper end surface of the precast steel-concrete frame 1.

[0039] It is understandable that the length and width of the upper end surface of the enclosure body may not be strictly limited. Preferably, the overall enclosure body is also in the shape of a cuboid with the same upper and lower dimensions. In some specific cases, the upper end of the enclosure body can be smaller or larger than the lower end, so that the overall enclosure body is in the shape of a frustum of a pyramid.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of fixing rings 8 are evenly spaced and embedded in the upper part of the outer surface of the side wall or the upper end surface of the side wall of the precast steel-concrete frame 1. A plurality of straps or self-locking hooks 9 for connecting the fixing rings 8 are spaced at the lower edge of the bamboo curtain fence 4.

[0041] It should be noted that as Figure 2 shown, the fixing ring is a stainless steel ring with an embedded handle. One end of the embedded handle is embedded in the concrete and tied to the internal steel bars when the precast steel-concrete frame is formed. After forming, the fixing rings are firmly distributed around the precast steel-concrete frame; in addition, as Figure 3 shown, the straps or self-locking hooks are located at the lower edge of the bamboo curtain fence. The strap itself can be a fixing rope (the vertical black lines in the figure, some of which are extended and tied with self-locking hooks) for connecting each round bamboo and bamboo slices to form the side wall of the bamboo curtain fence. The self-locking hook is a commercially available product. After being pressed by an external force to open the notch, it automatically closes the notch after hanging on the fixing ring and removing the external force.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, submerged plants are planted in the precast steel-concrete frame 1. The submerged plants grow on the riverbed ground at the bottom of the precast steel-concrete frame, providing a good growth environment for juvenile fish to take shelter and feed.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 shown, the distance between two adjacent round bamboos in the round bamboo floating frame 3 and the distance between two adjacent bamboo strips in the bamboo curtain fence 4 do not exceed 1 cm. Preferably, this distance is 0.5 - 1 cm. It should not be too large, otherwise some small-sized feeding fish may enter the protection area through this gap and pose a threat to the juvenile fish. Nor should it be too small, as the fish eggs laid by the adult fish on the adult fish attracting platform are not likely to enter the protection area through these gaps for incubation. As Figure 4 shown, the round bamboo floating frame is a multi-layer rectangular frame. Each layer of the rectangular frame is formed by four round bamboos intersecting vertically and fixedly connected. The fixing structure at the vertically intersecting connection is as Figure 5 shown. The unclosed curves in the figure represent fixing ropes. A water-resistant and weather-resistant glue can also be coated between the two intersecting round bamboos for bonding and fixing.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, a planting soil layer 10 for planting the aquatic plants is laid on the upper surface of the floating bed 5, and the aquatic plants are emergent plants 11.

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, to prevent the planting soil layer from easily falling off from the periphery of the floating bed, retaining strips extending upward can be fixed by bamboo wedges along the outer edge and the periphery of the central hole of the floating bed, thereby forming a certain protection for the planting soil layer and preventing the planting soil from falling off from the edge of the floating bed.

[0046] The floating bed in a shape of a double-square frame is as Figures 6 to 8 shown. The round bamboos on the left and right sides of the floating bed in the figure are respectively tied by the fixing ropes shown by the dotted lines to form a bamboo raft structure (reinforcing ribs composed of relatively thinner bamboo poles extending left and right can be tied at the bottom). Similarly, the round bamboos on the upper and lower sides of the floating bed are also fixed in the same way to form a bamboo raft structure. The bamboo rafts on the left and right sides and the bamboo rafts on the upper and lower sides are fixed in a form similar to Figure 5 this, and at the same time, several reinforcing ribs can be arranged at the bottom for reinforcement. The upper and lower parts are also respectively tied as Figure 7 shown to make the bamboo rafts on the left and right sides squeeze the bamboo raft in the middle, thus firmly forming an integral body.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the length and width of the outer edge of the floating bed 5 are more than twice the length and width corresponding to the central hole.

[0048] The present invention also provides an ecological revetment structure, which includes the above-mentioned fry and juvenile fish nurseries. There are multiple fry and juvenile fish nurseries, which are arranged at intervals along the riverbank slope, and the distance between adjacent fry and juvenile fish nurseries is 1-5 m. The floating beds, round bamboo floating frames, bamboo curtain fences on the upper part of the fry and juvenile fish nurseries, and even the precast steel-concrete frames at the bottom can all play a role in weakening water waves. Therefore, after multiple fry and juvenile fish nurseries are arranged at intervals along the riverbank, they can not only protect fish reproduction and green the near-shore area of the river, but also directly weaken the scouring of the riverbank by water waves, so they can achieve a good ecological revetment effect.

[0049] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nest for fry and young fish, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fish nest base, an adult fish blocking frame and a parent fish attracting platform. The fish nest base is a rectangular prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1) with hollow upper and lower ends. Each side wall of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1) is provided with a plurality of vertically extending long holes (2) for the passage of fry and young fish. The adult fish blocking frame is a rectangular enclosure with hollow upper and lower ends. The enclosure is composed of a round bamboo floating frame (3) and a bamboo curtain fence (4) extending downward from the lower edge of the round bamboo floating frame (3). The parent fish attracting platform is a U-shaped floating bed (5) surrounded by a plurality of round bamboos and having a central hole. The floating bed (5) is sleeved on the outside of the round bamboo floating frame (3) through a central hole, aquatic plants are planted on the upper surface of the floating bed (5), and the four corners of the floating bed (5) are fixedly connected to the counterweight stone (7) placed at the bottom of the water body through anchor cables (6). The round bamboo floating frame (3) is formed by a plurality of round bamboos tied together in the horizontal direction by ropes, and at least one round bamboo floats on the water surface at the top. The bamboo curtain fence (4) is formed by a plurality of bamboo pieces tied in series in the horizontal direction by ropes, and the lower edge is fixedly connected to the upper periphery of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1).

2. A larvae and juvenile fish care nest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1) is more than 1m and higher than the low water level of the water body at the installation location; the width of the upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1) is 0.8-1.2m, the length is 1.5-2m, and the thickness of the side wall of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1) is 8-15cm; the long hole (2) is a rectangular hole, the long side of the rectangular hole is along the vertical direction and the length is more than one third of the height of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1), the width of the rectangular hole is along the horizontal direction and the width is less than 1cm, and the distance between two adjacent rectangular holes on each side wall of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1) does not exceed 10cm.

3. A larvae and juvenile fish care nest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length and width of the lower end surface of the enclosure body match the length and width of the upper end surface of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1).

4. A nest for raising young fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fixing rings (8) are pre-buried at even intervals on the upper portion of the outer surface of the side wall or the upper end surface of the side wall of the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1), and a plurality of binding straps or self-locking hooks (9) for connecting the fixing rings (8) are provided at intervals on the lower edge of the bamboo curtain fence (4).

5. A larvae and juvenile fish care nest according to claim 1, characterized in that: Submerged plants are planted in the prefabricated steel-concrete frame (1).

6. A larvae and juvenile fish care nest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent round bamboos in the round bamboo floating frame (3) and the distance between two adjacent bamboo pieces in the bamboo curtain fence (4) are both no more than 1 cm.

7. A nest for raising young fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the floating bed (5) is paved with a planting soil layer (10) for planting the aquatic plants, and the aquatic plants are emergent plants (11).

8. A larvae and juvenile fish care nest according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The length and width of the outer edge of the floating bed (5) are respectively more than twice the length and width corresponding to the central hole.

9. An ecological bank protection structure, characterized in that: The fish larvae and juveniles care nest comprises the fish larvae and juveniles care nest according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a plurality of the fish larvae and juveniles care nests are arranged at intervals along the river bank slope, and the distance between adjacent fish larvae and juveniles care nests is 1-5m.

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