A water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed inverse filtration and a purification adjustment method

Abstract

The application provides a water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed inverse filtration and a purification and regulation method, and relates to the field of water conservancy projects; the system comprises a sedimentation module, an anti-pollution module, a sand gravel purification module, an inverse filtration module and a first sewage pipeline; a plurality of sedimentation modules are arranged at preset intervals on the top of the riverbed bedrock along the river course, so as to separate the river course into a plurality of continuous purification areas; in each purification area, the sand gravel purification module and the inverse filtration module are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the sand gravel purification module is used for filtering and adsorbing pollutants in the water body, and the inverse filtration module is used for reducing the loss of fine particle pollutants in the riverbed sand gravel; through the scheme, the water quality change is monitored in real time, and the operation state of the system is automatically adjusted; natural material riverbed sand gravel is used as the filter medium, and a large amount of cost does not need to be additionally invested, meanwhile, in order to adapt to the mountainous terrain, the system can adopt the modular design, and is convenient for construction and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground water storage in water conservancy projects, specifically to a water pollution purification system and purification regulation method based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration. Background Technology

[0002] The mountainous areas upstream of rivers are often home to numerous mining and agricultural activities. The wastewater and waste residue generated by these activities are discharged directly into the rivers without treatment, causing severe damage to the river ecosystem. Traditional water pollution treatment methods suffer from high costs, complex operations, and inconsistent effectiveness in mountainous terrain with limited resources. Therefore, developing a low-cost, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly self-purification system for water pollution has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water pollution purification system and purification regulation method based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration, in order to solve the problems of high cost, complex operation and unstable effect of existing technologies for treating water pollution in mountainous rivers.

[0004] Based on the above objectives:

[0005] In the first aspect, this application provides a water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration, which is applied to the river channel between the valley and the mountains and is arranged along the direction of the river channel; the purification system includes a sedimentation module, a pollution prevention module, a sand and gravel purification module, a reverse filtration module and a first sewage discharge pipe;

[0006] Multiple sedimentation modules are set at preset intervals above the bedrock of the riverbed along the river channel to divide the river channel into multiple continuous purification zones. In each purification zone, a gravel purification module and a reverse filter module are set from bottom to top. The gravel purification module is used to filter and adsorb pollutants in the water, and the reverse filter module is used to reduce the loss of fine particulate pollutants in the gravel of the riverbed.

[0007] The bottom of the sedimentation module is provided with the first sewage pipe to connect the upstream and downstream purification areas of the sedimentation module, and is used to discharge the pollutants remaining after purification treatment.

[0008] The sedimentation module includes a dam and a sedimentation tank. The dam is located upstream of the sedimentation tank, and the upstream dam body of the sedimentation tank covers the dam.

[0009] The anti-fouling module is located in the sedimentation tank of the upstream sedimentation module. The anti-fouling module includes an adjustable water tower structure and multiple water quality sensors arranged at different heights in the sedimentation tank.

[0010] Multiple water quality sensors are used to detect water quality parameters at different heights within the sedimentation tank;

[0011] The bottom of the adjustable water tower structure is provided with an outlet pipe connected to the downstream gravel purification module. The upper part of the adjustable water tower structure is provided with multiple water inlets with adjustable valve openings according to a preset height. The valve opening of the water inlets is dynamically adjusted according to the changes in water quality parameters at different heights in the sedimentation tank, thereby adjusting the water output of the adjustable water tower structure, so that the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after passing through multiple purification zones is lower than the standard effluent concentration.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustable water tower structure includes a tower body, a lifting valve mechanism, and a tower cover;

[0013] The bottom of the tower is built on the bedrock of the riverbed by passing through a concrete layer and a crushed stone cushion layer in sequence.

[0014] A water outlet is provided at the bottom of the tower body, and the water outlet is connected to a water outlet pipe;

[0015] The water inlet is provided on the tower wall in the upper region of the tower body, and all water inlets are located above the bottom of the sedimentation tank;

[0016] The lifting valve mechanism includes a hydraulic lift and a cylindrical control valve. The hydraulic lift drives the cylindrical control valve to lift and lower, thereby adjusting the valve opening of the water inlet at different heights.

[0017] The tower cover is detachably connected to the top of the tower body.

[0018] Furthermore, the anti-fouling module includes a sewage pump and a second sewage pipe. The sewage pump is located at the bottom of the sedimentation tank and is used to discharge sewage from the bottom of the sedimentation tank through the second sewage pipe.

[0019] Furthermore, the reverse filter module has a multi-layer sand and gravel structure, consisting of a 20cm diameter pebble layer, a 10cm diameter coarse sand layer, a 5cm diameter medium sand layer, a 50cm diameter fine sand layer, a 5cm diameter medium sand layer, a 10cm diameter coarse sand layer, a 10cm diameter pebble layer, and an 80cm diameter riverbed surface pebble layer.

[0020] Furthermore, both the water outlet pipe and the first sewage discharge pipe are connected to a delivery pump.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, which is connected to the water quality sensor, the hydraulic lift, and the delivery pump via cables.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a purification and regulation method for a water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration, the method comprising:

[0023] When the water quality concentration Xu0 monitored by multiple water quality sensors at different heights is less than the standard effluent concentration Xu b When the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after treatment in multiple purification zones meets the requirements;

[0024] When multiple water quality sensors at different heights monitor a water quality concentration Xu0, at least one of the sensors monitors a concentration Xu0 greater than the standard effluent concentration Xu. b Based on the pollutant concentration change process model of the multi-stage gravel purification module, the valve opening of the inlet of the adjustable water tower structure is calculated, thereby adjusting the outflow of the adjustable water tower structure to ensure that the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after treatment in multiple purification zones is lower than the standard effluent concentration Xu. b .

[0025] Furthermore, the model for the pollutant concentration change process in the multi-stage gravel purification module is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula: Xu i The concentration of metallic pollutants at the outlet of the i-th stage gravel purification module;

[0028] Xu0 represents the concentration of metallic pollutants at the outlet of the adjustable water tower structure.

[0029] ρ s The density of the particles;

[0030] V represents the sedimentation rate of the metal contaminant particles;

[0031] A1, A2, A3...Ai represent the total surface area of ​​the gravel packing material in the gravel purification modules from level 1 to level i.

[0032] Q0 represents the outlet water flow rate of the adjustable water tower structure.

[0033] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the valve opening at the inlet of the adjustable water tower structure is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula: m is the flow coefficient, with a value of 0.49;

[0036] b is the width of the weir;

[0037] h is the height of the top surface of the valve from the water surface;

[0038] g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the water pollution purification system and purification regulation method based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration provided in this application have the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0040] In this technical solution, multiple sedimentation modules are set at preset intervals along the river channel above the bedrock to divide the river channel into multiple continuous purification zones. Within each purification zone, a gravel purification module and a reverse filtration module are set sequentially from bottom to top. The gravel purification module is used to filter and adsorb pollutants in the water, while the reverse filtration module is used to reduce the loss of fine particulate pollutants from the gravel in the riverbed. A first sewage discharge pipe is set at the bottom of the sedimentation module to connect the upstream and downstream purification zones of the sedimentation module, and is used to discharge the remaining pollutants after purification. In the sedimentation module, the bottom of the adjustable water tower structure is set with an outlet pipe connected to the gravel purification module downstream of it. The upper part of the adjustable water tower structure is set with multiple water inlets with adjustable valve openings at preset heights. The valve openings of the water inlets are dynamically adjusted according to the changes in water quality parameters at different heights in the sedimentation tank, thereby adjusting the outflow of the adjustable water tower structure, so that the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after passing through multiple purification zones is lower than the standard effluent concentration. This solution allows for real-time monitoring of water quality changes and automatic adjustment of system operation. It uses natural materials such as riverbed gravel as the filter medium, eliminating the need for significant additional costs. Furthermore, to adapt to mountainous terrain, the system can be modularly designed for easy construction and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a top view (along the river channel extension direction) of the water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration provided in the embodiments of this application (a cross-sectional view located between mountains);

[0044] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the anti-fouling module;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a process flow diagram of the water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0046] Icons: 1-Sedimentation module; 11-Dam; 12-Sedimentation tank; 2-Pollution prevention module; 21-Adjustable water tower structure; 211-Tower body; 212-Tower cover; 213-Hydraulic lift; 214-Cylindrical control valve; 22-Water quality sensor; 23-Outlet pipe; 24-Inlet; 25-Sewage pump; 26-Second sewage pipe; 3-Gravel purification module; 4-Reverse filter module; 5-First sewage pipe; 6-Concrete layer; 7-Crushed stone cushion layer; 8-Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] This application provides a water pollution purification system based on sponge-like riverbed reverse filtration, primarily applied to rivers in valleys and mountains, and arranged along the river's course. Riverbed gravel, as a natural material, possesses high porosity and good permeability, effectively filtering and adsorbing pollutants in the water. Simultaneously, the reverse filtration module 4 prevents the loss of fine particles from the riverbed gravel, ensuring the system's stability and durability. Based on these characteristics, the system effectively reduces pollution of upstream river waters from mining, agricultural activities, and other pollution sources in mountainous areas through natural filtration and purification processes.

[0051] Specifically:

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the purification system includes a sedimentation module 1, a dirt prevention module 2, a gravel purification module 3, a reverse filtration module 4, and a first sewage discharge pipe 5.

[0053] In this process, multiple sedimentation modules 1 are set up at preset intervals above the bedrock of the riverbed along the direction of the river to divide the river into multiple continuous purification zones. In each purification zone, a gravel purification module 3 and a reverse filter module 4 are set up from bottom to top. The gravel purification module 3 is used to filter and adsorb pollutants in the water, and the reverse filter module 4 is used to reduce the loss of fine particulate pollutants in the gravel of the riverbed.

[0054] A first sewage pipe 5 is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation module 1 to connect the upstream and downstream purification areas of the sedimentation module 1, and is used to discharge the pollutants remaining after purification treatment.

[0055] The sedimentation module 1 includes a dam 11 and a sedimentation tank 12. The dam 11 is located upstream of the sedimentation tank 12, and the upstream dam body of the sedimentation tank 12 covers the dam 11.

[0056] The aforementioned first sewage pipe 5 runs through the bottom of the dam 11 and is used to discharge water from the upstream gravel purification module 3 to the downstream gravel purification module 3.

[0057] The anti-fouling module 2 is located in the sedimentation tank 12 of the upstream sedimentation module 1. The anti-fouling module 2 includes an adjustable water tower structure 21 and multiple water quality sensors 22 arranged at different heights in the sedimentation tank 12.

[0058] Multiple water quality sensors 22 can be installed in the sedimentation tank 12 by a bracket to detect water quality parameters at different heights in the sedimentation tank 12.

[0059] The bottom of the adjustable water tower structure 21 is provided with an outlet pipe 23 connected to the downstream gravel purification module 3. The upper part of the adjustable water tower structure 21 is provided with multiple water inlets 24 with adjustable valve openings according to a preset height. The valve opening of the water inlets 24 is dynamically adjusted according to the changes in water quality parameters at different heights in the sedimentation tank 12, thereby adjusting the water output of the adjustable water tower structure 21, so that the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after passing through multiple purification zones is lower than the standard effluent concentration.

[0060] This solution monitors water quality changes in real time and automatically adjusts the operation of the purification system. It uses natural materials such as riverbed sand and gravel as the filter medium, eliminating the need for significant additional costs. Furthermore, to adapt to mountainous terrain, the system can be modularly designed for easy construction and maintenance.

[0061] Specifically, the adjustable water tower structure 21 includes a tower body 211, a lifting valve mechanism, and a tower cover 212;

[0062] The bottom of the tower body 211 is built on the bedrock of the riverbed through a concrete layer 6 and a crushed stone cushion layer 7 in sequence;

[0063] A water outlet is provided at the bottom of the tower body 211, and the water outlet is connected to the water outlet pipe 23;

[0064] The upper part of the tower body 211 is provided with water inlet 24; and the water inlet 24 is located above the bottom of the sedimentation tank 12.

[0065] The lifting valve mechanism includes a hydraulic lift 213 and a cylindrical control valve 214. The hydraulic lift 213 drives the cylindrical control valve 214 to lift and lower, so as to adjust the valve opening of the inlet 24 at different heights.

[0066] The top of the tower cover 212 is detachably connected to the top of the tower body 211, making it easy for staff to enter.

[0067] Specifically, the anti-fouling module 2 includes a sewage pump 25 and a second sewage pipe 26. The sewage pump 25 is located at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 12 and is used to discharge sewage from the bottom of the sedimentation tank 12 through the second sewage pipe 26.

[0068] Specifically, the gravel purification module 3 is composed of gravel with high porosity, which can be adjusted according to actual needs; the multi-stage treatment process of gravel purification gradually reduces the concentration of wastewater until it meets the requirements of the outlet standard.

[0069] Specifically, the reverse filter module 4 has a multi-layer sand and gravel structure, from bottom to top consisting of a 20cm pebble layer, a 10cm coarse sand layer, a 5cm medium sand layer, a 50cm fine sand layer, a 5cm medium sand layer, a 10cm coarse sand layer, a 10cm pebble layer, and an 80cm large pebble layer on the riverbed surface.

[0070] Specifically, both the water outlet pipe 23 and the first sewage pipe 5 are connected to a delivery pump.

[0071] In addition, the purification system provided in this embodiment also includes a control system 8, which is connected to the water quality sensor 22, the hydraulic lift 213 and the delivery pump via cables, and is used to adjust the electrical signal collected by the water quality sensor 22 and to control the start of the hydraulic lift 213 and the delivery pump.

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown, the water treatment steps of the purification system provided in this embodiment are as follows:

[0073] Step 1: River wastewater flows into sedimentation module 1 of the primary purification area via surface runoff. Gravity separates suspended impurities from the water, separating particles with diameters of 20–100 μm or larger. Natural sedimentation removes approximately 30% of the pollutant particles from the wastewater.

[0074] Step 2: After the initial sedimentation treatment, the wastewater is monitored by multiple water quality sensors 22. Based on the distribution of pollutant concentrations, the wastewater with low pollutant content is discharged to the downstream gravel purification module 3 through the adjustable inlet tower structure of the anti-fouling module 2.

[0075] Step 3: The wastewater after the secondary pollution prevention treatment is stored and purified in the gravel purification module 3. After it is full, the wastewater after the third purification treatment is discharged to the river surface through the reverse filter module 4 and enters the downstream multi-stage purification area.

[0076] Step 4: The multi-stage purification area is designed according to the riverbed gradient. By increasing the porosity of the riverbed, a sponge river is formed. Multi-layer gravel purification modules 3 and water-retaining dams 11 are set up. A secondary sedimentation tank 12 is set up at the end of the river. After the polluted river undergoes multi-stage sedimentation and dozens of interception and filtration processes and secondary sedimentation, the pollutant content is significantly reduced, and clean water is discharged from the river.

[0077] Step 5: The control system, in conjunction with the riverbed's reverse filtration module 4, isolates high-metal-content sediments from rainwater and floodwater. After years of sedimentation, the high-metal-content sediments form minerals, which are collected by the sewage discharge module at the bottom of the riverbed for further development and utilization.

[0078] In this embodiment, multiple purification zones are used to achieve multi-level treatment, requiring the establishment of a pollutant concentration change process model for the multi-level gravel purification module 3. Specifically, the pollutant concentration change process of the i-th level gravel purification module 3 is defined as follows:

[0079] Q fi --Represents the inflow volume, in m 3 / h;

[0080] Q ui -- represents the outflow volume, in m 3 / h;

[0081] X fi --The concentration of metallic pollutants entering the i-th level gravel purification module 3, in mg / L;

[0082] A i -- is the total surface area of ​​the gravel packing material in the i-th level gravel purification module 3, in m² 2 ;

[0083] X ui -- is the concentration of metallic pollutants at the outlet of the i-th stage gravel purification module 3, in mg / L;

[0084] N i -- represents the removal rate of metallic pollutants in the i-th stage gravel purification module 3, in mg / (m³). 2 ·d);

[0085] For the i-th stage gravel purification module, its material balance equation is:

[0086] 24000·Q fi ·Xf i -N i ·A i =24000·Q ui ·Xu i ;

[0087] The sedimentation rate of metal pollutant particles is:

[0088]

[0089] Where: V - the sedimentation rate of the metal pollutant particles, m / s;

[0090] ρ s - Particle density, kg / m³ 3 ;

[0091] ρ - density of water, kg / m³ 3 ;

[0092] g - gravitational acceleration, 9.8 m / s² 2 ;

[0093] d - Diameter of the precipitate particles, in meters (m);

[0094] According to the shallow pool theory, during gravity settling, the settling effect is positively correlated with the pollutant density and the area of ​​the settling pool. When the gravel purification module 3 is in a stable operating state after being filled with water, the main limiting factor for the total settling rate is the pollutant particle density. Substituting this into the already obtained settling rate formula, we get:

[0095] 24000·Q fi ·Xf i -86400·10 6 ·ρ s ·V·A i =24000·Q ui ·Xu i ;

[0096] Simplified to:

[0097] Q fi ·Xf i -36·10 5 ·ρ s ·V·Ai =Q ui ·Xu i ;

[0098] The equation was solved using the `solve` function from the symbolic toolkit in Matlab, and the result is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] When the gravel purification module 3 is in a stable operating state after being filled with water, the following conditions are met:

[0101] Q fi =Q ui =Q0;

[0102] Xf i =Xu i-1 ;

[0103] Simplified to:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula: Q0 - is the outlet water volume of the anti-fouling module 2, m 3 / h;

[0106] Xu0 represents the concentration of metallic pollutants at the outlet of the anti-fouling module 2, in mg / L.

[0107] If a multi-level approach is adopted, a system of equations of multiple levels can be listed. The first level of equations can be solved first, and the remaining equations can be solved step by step using the above method.

[0108] For example: A seven-stage treatment system is designed, and the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after seven-stage treatment meets the control standard Xu. b the following:

[0109] Xu7<Xu b ;

[0110] The concentration of metallic pollutants at the outlet of the i-th stage gravel purification module 3 is as follows:

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] After sorting, it becomes:

[0114]

[0115] The above-mentioned multi-stage treatment ensures that the concentration of metal pollutants at the outlet meets the control standard. As can be seen from the above formula, it is related to the outlet water flow of the adjustable water tower structure 21 in the anti-fouling module 2, the outlet concentration of metal pollutants of the adjustable water tower structure 21, the total surface area of ​​the gravel packing in the gravel purification module 3, and the particle density of metal pollutants.

[0116] This embodiment provides a purification and regulation method for a water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed reverse filtration, the method comprising:

[0117] When the water quality concentration Xu0 monitored by multiple water quality sensors 22 at different heights is less than the standard effluent concentration Xu b When the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after treatment in multiple purification zones meets the requirements;

[0118] When the water quality concentration Xu0 monitored by multiple water quality sensors 22 at different heights is greater than the standard effluent concentration Xu0, at least one of the water quality sensors 22 monitors a water quality concentration Xu0 greater than the standard effluent concentration Xu0. b At that time, based on the pollutant concentration change process model of the multi-stage gravel purification module 3, the valve opening of the inlet 24 of the adjustable water tower structure 21 is calculated, and the outflow of the adjustable water tower structure 21 is adjusted so that the concentration of metal pollutants in the effluent after treatment in multiple purification zones is less than the standard effluent concentration Xu. b .

[0119] Specifically, the pollutant concentration change process model of the multi-stage treatment gravel purification module 3 is as follows:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula: Xu i The concentration of metal pollutants at the outlet of the i-th level gravel purification module 3;

[0122] Xu0 represents the concentration of metallic pollutants at the outlet of the adjustable water tower structure 21.

[0123] ρ s The density of the particles;

[0124] V represents the sedimentation rate of the metal contaminant particles;

[0125] A1, A2, A3...Ai represent the total surface area of ​​the gravel filler in the gravel purification module 3 from level 1 to level i.

[0126] Q0 represents the outlet water flow rate of the adjustable water tower structure 21.

[0127] The formula for calculating the valve opening of the inlet 24 of the adjustable water tower structure 21 is as follows:

[0128]

[0129] In the formula: m is the flow coefficient, with a value of 0.49;

[0130] b is the width of the weir;

[0131] h is the height of the top surface of the valve from the water surface;

[0132] g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0133] It should be noted that by calculating the above-mentioned h value, the valve opening of the inlet 24 of the adjustable water tower structure 21 can be calculated. In this way, when there are unqualified water quality concentrations Xu0 monitored by multiple water quality sensors 22 at different heights, the valve opening can be automatically adjusted to regulate the outflow of the adjustable water tower structure 21, so that the water quality after the sewage is purified by the downstream multi-stage purification area meets the standard effluent concentration.

[0134] In summary, the advantages of the technical solution in this application are as follows:

[0135] 1. Highly targeted: Specifically addressing the problem of water pollution source purification in mountainous areas upstream of rivers, it proposes an effective solution.

[0136] 2. Low cost: Using natural materials such as riverbed sand and gravel as the filter medium, no additional large investment is required.

[0137] 3. Environmentally friendly: No chemical agents need to be added, avoiding secondary pollution.

[0138] 4. High adaptability: The system adopts a modular design, adapts to complex mountainous terrain, and is easy to install and disassemble.

[0139] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed inverse filtration, applied to a river channel between river valleys and mountains, and arranged along the river channel direction; characterized in that, The sedimentation module, the anti-pollution module, the sand and gravel purification module, the filter module and the first sewage pipeline are included. The sedimentation module is arranged at a preset interval along the river course above the riverbed bedrock to divide the river course into a plurality of continuous purification areas. The sedimentation module includes a water retaining dam and a sedimentation tank. The anti-pollution module is arranged in the sedimentation tank of the most upstream sedimentation module. The plurality of water quality sensors are arranged at different heights in the sedimentation tank to detect water quality parameters at different heights. The adjustable water tower structure includes a tower body, a lifting valve mechanism and a tower cover. The bottom of the tower body is arranged on the riverbed bedrock through a concrete layer and a gravel cushion.

2. The water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed inverse filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the tower body is provided with a water outlet connected with the water outlet pipeline. The tower wall of the upper region of the tower body is provided with the water inlet, and the water inlets are all located above the bottom of the sedimentation tank. The lifting valve mechanism includes a hydraulic elevator and a cylindrical control valve. The tower cover is detachably connected with the top of the tower body. The anti-pollution module includes a sewage pump and a second sewage pipeline. The filter module is a multi-layer sand and gravel structure.

3. The sponge bed based filtration system for water pollution remediation as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The water outlet pipeline and the first sewage pipeline are both connected with a conveying pump.

4. The sponge riverbed based filtration system for water pollution remediation as claimed in claim 1 wherein, A control system is further included.

5. The sponge bed based filtration system for water pollution remediation as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The control system is connected with the water quality sensors, the hydraulic elevator and the conveying pump through cables.

6. The water pollution purification system based on sponge riverbed inverse filtration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method includes:

7. A purification adjustment method for the sponge riverbed-based water pollution purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, The multi-stage sand and gravel purification module pollutant concentration change process model is: When the water quality concentrations monitored by the multiple water quality sensors of different heights are all less than the standard effluent concentration , it indicates that the metal contaminant concentration of the effluent treated by the multiple purification areas meets the requirements. ​ When the water quality concentration monitored by the plurality of water quality sensors of different heights The water quality concentration monitored by at least one water quality sensor Is greater than the standard effluent concentration According to the multi-stage treatment gravel purification module pollutant concentration change process model, the valve opening degree of the water inlet of the adjustable water tower structure is calculated, and then the effluent quantity of the adjustable water tower structure is adjusted, so that the metal pollutant concentration of the effluent treated by the plurality of purification areas is less than the standard effluent concentration .

8. The purification conditioning method according to claim 7, characterized by, V is the sedimentation speed of the metal pollutant particles. ； wherein: Ci is the outlet metal contaminant concentration of the i-th stage of sand gravel purification module; to adjust the outlet metal contaminant concentration of the water tower structure; D is the density of the particles; ​ A1, A2, A3…Ai are the total surface area of the sand gravel filling in the first to the i-th sand gravel purification module; To regulate the water output of the water tower structure.

9. The purification conditioning method according to claim 8, characterized by, The calculation formula of the valve opening degree of the water inlet of the adjustable water tower structure is: ； In the formula: m is the flow coefficient, and the value is 0.49; B is the weir width; H is the height of the valve top surface from the water surface; G is the acceleration of gravity.

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