A non-contact acquisition device and measurement method in tunnel model test

Abstract

The present invention discloses a non-contact acquisition device for tunnel model testing, comprising a tunnel model, a plug, a track, and a non-contact acquisition probe. The non-contact acquisition probe comprises a probe housing, a drilling camera, and a laser radar. The probe housing is further provided with a first transparent annular band and a second transparent annular band. The drilling camera and the laser radar are provided in the probe housing. The camera of the drilling camera shoots the internal structure of the tunnel model through the first transparent annular band, and the laser radar transmits and receives laser signals through the second transparent annular band. A measurement method for tunnel model testing is also disclosed. The device of the present invention can realize continuous acquisition of the tunnel model while moving. The device of the present invention can obtain continuous structural deformation information of the tunnel model in the form of point cloud images, and can also obtain internal image information of the tunnel model in the form of video, thereby obtaining a layout map of the tunnel. The information of the tunnel model obtained is more diverse and complete.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and specifically relates to a non-contact data acquisition device in a tunnel model test, and also relates to a measurement method in a tunnel model test, which is suitable for simultaneously measuring deformation, distribution diagram and other information of a tunnel model structure in a model test. Background Art

[0002] The development of modern transportation systems has greatly facilitated our lives and shortened travel time. Tunnel projects, such as subway tunnels, highway tunnels, and high-speed rail tunnels, have played a crucial role in this process. However, due to the long linear nature of tunnel projects, they often need to cross fault zones or face surrounding development. Under the influence of geological factors such as active fault movement, earthquakes, and surrounding development such as foundation pit excavation, these important lifeline projects are prone to deformation or even partial destruction, seriously impacting normal travel. Therefore, in-depth research on the deformation of tunnels under conditions such as active fault movement, earthquake disasters, and surrounding development is crucial.

[0003] Indoor tunnel model testing is a common research method, but due to factors such as the confined interior space of the tunnel model and the direct contact between the displacement sensors and the tunnel, effectively measuring the vertical and horizontal displacements, as well as the relative convergence of the tunnel model, is difficult. Furthermore, due to the limited size of the displacement sensors, the number of measurement points is extremely limited, making it impossible to obtain a continuous deformation contour map. Further complicating matters, if the tunnel model structure deforms or fails, the displacement sensors in contact with it may also shift, rendering the output data unreliable. Therefore, continuously measuring the deformation data of the tunnel model in a non-contact manner, independent of the tunnel model, has always been a difficult technical challenge.

[0004] The existing technology has the following defects:

[0005] (1) Only limited tunnel structure deformation data can be obtained, such as the deformation of limited parts such as the top arch and side wall on a certain section, or because step-by-step data collection is required, only the deformation of the specified section can be obtained, and the comprehensive deformation cloud map distribution of the tunnel structure cannot be obtained.

[0006] (2) The data measured are deformation, displacement and other data. There is no image acquisition capability, let alone the ability to continuously acquire images to obtain a comprehensive distribution map.

[0007] (3) The measuring device needs to be inserted into the tunnel model from the outside. When the tunnel model test box needs to be closed or the tunnel model cannot be opened, measurement cannot be performed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to provide a non-contact data collection device in a tunnel model test and a measurement method in a tunnel model test.

[0009] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:

[0010] A non-contact data acquisition device for a tunnel model test comprises a tunnel model, a plug, a track, and a non-contact data acquisition probe. Plugs are provided at both ends of the tunnel model, and the cross-sectional shape and size of the plugs are adapted to the cross-sectional shape and size of the tunnel model. A signal line hole is provided on the plug at one end of the tunnel model. The track is provided in the tunnel model, along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel model, and both ends of the track are respectively connected to the plugs at both ends of the tunnel model. The non-contact data acquisition probe is provided on the track. A traction pulley and a power pulley are respectively provided at both ends of the track, and a motor is provided on the power pulley. The rotating shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the power pulley. Both ends of a rope are respectively passed around the traction pulley and the power pulley, and then connected to the non-contact data acquisition probe. An electric cable and a signal cable are wound around the rope.

[0011] As described above, the non-contact acquisition probe includes a probe housing, a drilling camera, and a laser radar; the probe housing is arranged on a track, and is also provided with a first transparent ring belt and a second transparent ring belt. The drilling camera is arranged in the probe housing, and is provided with a first driving device on the drilling camera. The first driving device drives the camera of the drilling camera to rotate, and the camera of the drilling camera shoots the internal structure of the tunnel model through the first transparent ring belt; the laser radar is arranged in the probe housing, and is provided with a second driving device on the laser radar. The second driving device drives the transmitter and receiver of the laser radar to rotate, and the transmitter and receiver of the laser radar respectively transmit and receive laser signals through the second transparent ring belt.

[0012] A non-contact acquisition device for tunnel model testing also includes an image acquisition and control system, power and signal cables, and an external control and processing system. The image acquisition and control system is connected to one end of the power and signal cable, and the other end of the power and signal cable passes through the signal line hole on the plug and is then connected to the external control and processing system. The image acquisition and control system is also connected to the motor, drilling camera, first drive device, second drive device, and laser radar through the cable and signal cable wrapped around the rope.

[0013] As described above, the off-box control and processing system transmits the motor control signal, the rotation control signal, and the scanning control signal to the image acquisition and control system through the power and signal cables; the image acquisition and control system supplies power to the motor, and controls the rotation direction and speed of the motor's rotating shaft according to the motor control signal, thereby controlling the non-contact acquisition probe to move from one end of the tunnel model to the other end of the tunnel model. The image acquisition and control system also supplies power to the drilling camera, and controls the first drive device to drive the drilling camera's camera to rotate and shoot through the rotation control signal to obtain a video of the internal structure of the tunnel model. The image acquisition and control system also supplies power to the laser radar, and controls the second drive device to drive the laser radar to perform a circular scan through the scanning control signal to obtain point cloud image information of the internal structure of the tunnel model. The image acquisition and control system transmits the video and point cloud image information to the off-box control and processing system.

[0014] As mentioned above, a groove is provided on the track, a slide rail is provided in the groove, and the probe housing is provided on the slide rail.

[0015] A measurement method in a tunnel model test, using the non-contact data acquisition device in the tunnel model test as described above, comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Assemble the tunnel model and the model box in the following manner: first, fill the model box with filler and stop when the filler reaches half the height of the model box. Then, place the tunnel model on the filler in the model box. Finally, continue to fill the model box with filler until the height of the filler in the model box reaches the set height.

[0017] Step 2: The off-box control and processing system transmits the motor control signal, the rotation control signal, and the scanning control signal to the image acquisition and control system via the power and signal cables; the image acquisition and control system adjusts the rotation direction and speed of the motor's rotating shaft according to the motor control signal, controls the non-contact acquisition probe to move at a constant speed from one end of the tunnel model to the other end of the tunnel model, and the image acquisition and control system controls the first drive device to drive the drilling camera to rotate and shoot through the rotation control signal to obtain a video of the internal structure of the tunnel model. The image acquisition and control system controls the second drive device to drive the laser radar to perform a circular scan through the scanning control signal to obtain point cloud image information of the internal structure of the tunnel model. Finally, the image acquisition and control system transmits the video and point cloud image information to the off-box control and processing system;

[0018] Step 3: Conduct tunnel excavation, earthquake, and active fault displacement deformation tests on the tunnel model to cause cracks or deformation to appear on the tunnel model;

[0019] Step 4: Repeat step 2, and use the video and point cloud image information obtained when step 2 is first executed as the video and point cloud image information of the initial state of the tunnel model. Use the video and point cloud image information obtained when step 2 is repeated after step 3 as the video and point cloud image information of the deformation and damage state of the tunnel model.

[0020] Step 5: Processing the video of the deformation and damage state of the tunnel model into a layout diagram of the internal structure of the tunnel model;

[0021] Step 6: Subtract the point cloud image information of the tunnel model in the deformed and damaged state from the point cloud image information of the tunnel model in the initial state, and process the point cloud image information obtained after the subtraction into a distribution diagram of the point cloud image information of the tunnel model.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The device of the present invention can continuously collect images of the tunnel model while moving. Compared with step-by-step collection, the device of the present invention is simple to operate and the collected images are more accurate;

[0024] (2) The device of the present invention can obtain the structural deformation information of the continuous tunnel model in the form of point cloud images, and can also obtain the internal image information of the tunnel model in the form of video, thereby obtaining the distribution diagram of the tunnel point cloud image information and the distribution diagram of the image information, and the obtained tunnel model information is more diverse and complete;

[0025] (3) The device of the present invention can obtain both image information and point cloud image information of the tunnel model through a single scan, saving time and effort;

[0026] (4) The entire device of the present invention can be placed in a model box and buried in the filler. Only power and signal cables need to extend out of the model box. There is no need to open holes in the side walls of the model box, which facilitates the conduct of experiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the tunnel model of the present invention after being assembled with the model box and filler;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the probe housing of the non-contact acquisition probe of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the non-contact acquisition range of the tunnel structure status of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel model in Example 2 of the present invention with a crack and a local deformation;

[0031] Figure 5 A layout diagram of the internal structure of the tunnel model obtained in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is a distribution diagram of the point cloud image information obtained in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Reference numerals and corresponding component names:

[0034] 1—plug; 2—tunnel model; 3—traction pulley; 4—track; 5—rope; 6—non-contact acquisition probe; 7—power pulley; 8—image acquisition and control system; 9—signal line hole; 10—power and signal cables; 11—external control and processing system; 12—first transparent ring belt; 13—second transparent ring belt; 14—model box; 15—filler; 18—distribution diagram of the internal structure of the tunnel model; 19—distribution diagram of the point cloud image information. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. The embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] A non-contact collection device for a tunnel model test comprises a plug 1, a tunnel model 2, a track 4, and a non-contact collection probe 6. A plug 1 is inserted into each end of the tunnel model 2. The cross-sectional shape and size of the plug 1 match the cross-sectional shape and size of the tunnel model 2. A signal line hole 9 is provided on the plug 1 at one end of the tunnel model 2. The track 4 is arranged in the tunnel model 2. The track 4 is along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel model 2. Both ends of the track 4 are respectively connected to the plugs 1 at both ends of the tunnel model 2. A non-contact collection probe 6 is provided on the track 4. The non-contact collection probe 6 can slide back and forth on the track 4. A traction pulley 3 and a power pulley 7 are respectively arranged at both ends of the track 4. A motor is provided on the power pulley 7. The rotating shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the power pulley 7. Both ends of a rope 5 pass around the traction pulley 3 and the power pulley 7 respectively, and then are connected to the non-contact collection probe 6. An electric cable and a signal cable are wound around the rope 5.

[0038] The plug 1 provides a bearing platform for the track 4, the traction pulley 3, and the power pulley 7; the track 4 facilitates the movement of the non-contact acquisition probe 6 inside the tunnel model 2, the power pulley 7 provides power for the non-contact acquisition probe 6, and the traction pulley 3 guides the non-contact acquisition probe 6, so that the non-contact acquisition probe 6 can slide continuously along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel model 2; the rope 5 is used to connect the non-contact acquisition probe 6, the power pulley 7, and the traction pulley 3, so that the non-contact acquisition probe 6 can slide back and forth on the track 4 driven by the power pulley 7.

[0039] The non-contact probe includes a probe housing, a drilling camera, and a laser radar. The probe housing is arranged on the track 4. The probe housing is also provided with a first transparent ring belt 12 and a second transparent ring belt 13. The drilling camera is arranged in the probe housing. The drilling camera is provided with a first driving device. The first driving device can drive the camera of the drilling camera to rotate and shoot. The drilling camera shoots the internal structure of the tunnel model 2 through the first transparent ring belt 12; the laser radar is arranged in the probe housing. The second driving device can drive the transmitter and receiver of the laser radar to rotate. The transmitter and receiver of the laser radar respectively transmit and receive laser signals through the second transparent ring belt 13, thereby performing a circular scan on the internal structure of the tunnel model 2.

[0040] Due to the obstruction of the track 4 , neither the borehole camera nor the laser radar can capture or scan the position of the tunnel model 2 blocked by the track 4 .

[0041] The borehole camera in the non-contact acquisition probe 6 is used to capture video of the internal structure of the tunnel model 2, while the lidar is used to scan the tunnel model 2 to obtain point cloud image information and collect deformation information on the tunnel model 2 structure. The non-contact acquisition probe 6 can continuously move forward and backward on the track 4. Therefore, the video captured by the borehole camera and the point cloud image information collected by the lidar are both continuous, and can be further used to form an expanded image.

[0042] The track 4 is provided with a groove, a slide rail is provided in the groove, the probe housing is provided on the slide rail, and the probe housing can slide along the slide rail. The groove on the track 4 can be V-shaped, U-shaped, or other shapes.

[0043] A non-contact data acquisition device for use in a tunnel model 2 test also includes an image acquisition and control system 9, a power and signal cable 10, and an off-box control and processing system 11. The image acquisition and control system 9 is connected to one end of the power and signal cable 10, the other end of which passes through a signal cable hole 9 on a plug 1 and is then connected to the off-box control and processing system 11. The image acquisition and control system 9 is also connected to a motor of a power pulley 7, a drilling camera, a first drive device, a laser radar, and a second drive device via an electrical cable and a signal cable wrapped around a rope 5.

[0044] The off-box control and processing system 11 transmits the motor control signal, the rotation control signal, and the scanning control signal to the image acquisition and control system 9 through the power and signal cable 10; the image acquisition and control system 9 supplies power to the motor and controls the rotation direction and speed of the motor's rotating shaft according to the motor control signal, thereby controlling the non-contact acquisition probe 6 to move from one end of the tunnel model 2 to the other end of the tunnel model 2. The image acquisition and control system 9 also supplies power to the drilling camera and controls the first drive device to drive the drilling camera's camera to rotate and shoot through the rotation control signal to obtain a video of the internal structure of the tunnel model 2. The image acquisition and control system 9 also supplies power to the laser radar and controls the second drive device to drive the laser radar to perform a circular scan through the scanning control signal to obtain point cloud image information of the internal structure of the tunnel model 2. The image acquisition and control system 9 transmits the video and point cloud image information to the off-box control and processing system 11.

[0045] The tunnel model 2 is set in the model box 14, and the four sides of the tunnel model 2 are filled with fillers 15 (such as sand, soil, or other materials similar to rock and soil).

[0046] The end faces at both ends of the tunnel model 2 can be circular, horseshoe-shaped, or city gate-shaped.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] A measurement method for a tunnel model test, using the non-contact data acquisition device for a tunnel model test described in the above embodiment, comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Assemble the tunnel model 2 and the model box 14 in the following manner: first, fill the model box 14 with filler 15 and stop filling it when it reaches half the height of the model box 14; then place the tunnel model 2 on the filler 15 already filled in the model box 14; and finally, continue filling the model box 14 with filler 15 until the height of the filler 15 in the model box 14 reaches the set height;

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the end face of the tunnel model 2 in this embodiment is circular, the groove on the track 4 is a V-shaped groove, and the maximum shooting angle of the drilling camera and the maximum scanning angle of the laser radar are both 270°.

[0051] Step 2: The external control and processing system 11 transmits the motor control signal, the rotation control signal, and the scanning control signal to the image acquisition and control system 9 through the power and signal cable 10; the image acquisition and control system 9 adjusts the rotation direction and speed of the motor's rotating shaft according to the motor control signal, controls the non-contact acquisition probe 6 to move at a constant speed from one end of the tunnel model 2 to the other end of the tunnel model 2, and the image acquisition and control system 9 controls the first drive device to drive the drilling camera to rotate and shoot through the rotation control signal to obtain a video of the internal structure of the tunnel model 2. The image acquisition and control system 9 controls the second drive device to drive the laser radar to perform a circular scan through the scanning control signal to obtain point cloud image information of the internal structure of the tunnel model 2. Finally, the image acquisition and control system 9 transmits the video and point cloud image information to the external control and processing system 11;

[0052] Step 3: Conducting tunnel excavation, earthquake, and active fault dislocation deformation tests on the tunnel model 2, so that cracks or deformations appear on the tunnel model 2;

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a crack and a local deformation appear on the tunnel model 2.

[0054] Step 4. Repeat step 2, and use the video and point cloud image information obtained when executing the step for the first time as the video and point cloud image information of the initial state of the tunnel model 2, and use the video and point cloud image information obtained when repeating the step after executing the step as the video and point cloud image information of the deformation and damage state of the tunnel model 2.

[0055] Step 5: Process the video of the deformation and damage state of the tunnel model 2 into a distribution diagram 18 of the internal structure of the tunnel model of the tunnel model 2. Due to the obstruction of the track 4, the distribution diagram 18 of the internal structure of the tunnel model cannot be obtained within an angle range of 90°. The obtained distribution diagram 18 of the internal structure of the tunnel model is an expanded diagram of an angle range of 270° in the tunnel model 2, and the height of the distribution diagram 18 of the internal structure of the tunnel model is the length of the tunnel model 2 in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel model 2. The cracks in this embodiment are clearly displayed on the distribution diagram 18 of the internal structure of the tunnel model 2.

[0056] Step 6: Subtract the point cloud image information of the deformed and damaged state of tunnel model 2 from the point cloud image information of the initial state of tunnel model 2, and process the resulting point cloud image information into a spread diagram 19 of the point cloud image information of tunnel model 2. Due to the obstruction of track 4, a 90° angular range of point cloud image information spread diagram 19 is unavailable. The acquired spread diagram 19 is an expanded diagram of the tunnel model 2 over a 270° angular range. The height of the spread diagram 19 is the longitudinal length of the tunnel model 2. The local deformation in this embodiment is clearly displayed on the spread diagram.

[0057] It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A non-contact data acquisition device for a tunnel model test, comprising a tunnel model (2), characterized in that: The invention also includes a plug (1), a track (4), and a non-contact acquisition probe (6). Plugs (1) are provided at both ends of the tunnel model (2). The cross-sectional shape and size of the plug (1) are adapted to the cross-sectional shape and size of the tunnel model (2). A signal line hole (9) is provided on the plug (1) at one end of the tunnel model (2). The track (4) is provided in the tunnel model (2). The track (4) is along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel model (2). Both ends of the track (4) are connected to the plugs (1) at both ends of the tunnel model (2). A non-contact acquisition probe (6) is provided on the track (4). A traction pulley (3) and a power pulley (7) are provided at both ends of the track (4). A motor is provided on the power pulley (7). The rotating shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the power pulley (7). Both ends of the rope (5) are passed around the traction pulley (3) and the power pulley (7) and then connected to the non-contact acquisition probe (6). The rope (5) is wound with a cable and a signal cable. The non-contact acquisition probe (6) includes a probe housing, a drilling camera, and a laser radar; the probe housing is arranged on the track (4), and is further provided with a first transparent ring belt (12) and a second transparent ring belt (13); the drilling camera is arranged in the probe housing, and is provided with a first driving device, which drives the camera of the drilling camera to rotate, and the camera of the drilling camera shoots the internal structure of the tunnel model (2) through the first transparent ring belt (12); the laser radar is arranged in the probe housing, and is provided with a second driving device, which drives the transmitter and receiver of the laser radar to rotate, and the transmitter and receiver of the laser radar respectively transmit and receive laser signals through the second transparent ring belt (13).

2. The non-contact data acquisition device for tunnel model testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further includes an image acquisition and control system (9), a power and signal cable (10), and an off-box control and processing system (11). The image acquisition and control system (9) is connected to one end of the power and signal cable (10), and the other end of the power and signal cable (10) passes through the signal line hole (9) on the plug (1) and is then connected to the off-box control and processing system (11). The image acquisition and control system (9) is also connected to the motor, the drilling camera, the first drive device, the second drive device, and the laser radar through the cable and signal cable wound on the rope (5).

3. The non-contact data acquisition device for tunnel model testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The external control and processing system (11) transmits the motor control signal, the rotation control signal, and the scanning control signal to the image acquisition and control system (9) through the power and signal cable (10); the image acquisition and control system (9) supplies power to the motor and controls the rotation direction and speed of the motor's rotating shaft according to the motor control signal, thereby controlling the non-contact acquisition probe (6) to move from one end of the tunnel model (2) to the other end of the tunnel model (2); the image acquisition and control system (9) also supplies power to the drilling camera and controls the first driving device to drive the drilling camera to rotate and shoot through the rotation control signal to obtain a video of the internal structure of the tunnel model (2); the image acquisition and control system (9) also supplies power to the laser radar and controls the second driving device to drive the laser radar to perform a circular scan through the scanning control signal to obtain point cloud image information of the internal structure of the tunnel model (2); the image acquisition and control system (9) transmits the video and point cloud image information to the external control and processing system (11).

4. The non-contact data acquisition device for tunnel model testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The track (4) is provided with a groove, a slide rail is provided in the groove, and the probe housing is provided on the slide rail.

5. A measurement method in a tunnel model test, using the non-contact data acquisition device in a tunnel model test according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, assembling the tunnel model (2) and the model box (14) in the following manner: first, filling the filler (15) into the model box (14), and stopping when the filler reaches half the height of the model box (14), then placing the tunnel model (2) on the filler (15) in the model box (14), and finally continuing to fill the filler (15) into the model box (14) until the height of the filler (15) in the model box (14) reaches a set height; Step 2, the off-box control and processing system (11) transmits the motor control signal, the rotation control signal, and the scanning control signal to the image acquisition and control system (9) through the power and signal cable (10); the image acquisition and control system (9) adjusts the rotation direction and speed of the rotating shaft of the motor according to the motor control signal, controls the non-contact acquisition probe (6) to move uniformly from one end of the tunnel model (2) to the other end of the tunnel model (2), and the image acquisition and control system (9) controls the first driving device to drive the camera of the drilling camera to rotate and shoot through the rotation control signal to obtain a video of the internal structure of the tunnel model (2). The image acquisition and control system (9) controls the second driving device to drive the laser radar to perform a circular scan through the scanning control signal to obtain point cloud image information of the internal structure of the tunnel model (2). Finally, the image acquisition and control system (9) transmits the video and point cloud image information to the off-box control and processing system (11); Step 3, conducting tunnel excavation, earthquake, and active fault displacement deformation tests on the tunnel model (2), so that cracks or deformations appear on the tunnel model (2); Step 4, repeating step 2, using the video and point cloud image information obtained when step 2 is first executed as the video and point cloud image information of the initial state of the tunnel model (2), and using the video and point cloud image information obtained when step 2 is repeated after step 3 as the video and point cloud image information of the deformation and damage state of the tunnel model (2); Step 5, processing the video of the deformation and destruction state of the tunnel model (2) into a layout diagram (18) of the internal structure of the tunnel model 2 of the tunnel model (2); Step 6: Subtract the point cloud image information of the deformed and damaged state of the tunnel model (2) from the point cloud image information of the initial state of the tunnel model (2), and process the point cloud image information obtained after the subtraction into a distribution diagram (19) of the point cloud image information of the tunnel model (2).

Images