A micro-grid energy storage device capacity planning method, system, device and medium

Abstract

This invention relates to a capacity planning method for microgrid energy storage devices, comprising the following steps: establishing a multi-state transition operation model for a reversible solid oxide battery, wherein the multi-state operation includes the reversible solid oxide battery being in a power generation state, an electrolysis state, a thermal standby state, and a shutdown state; constructing a two-layer capacity planning model for the energy storage device, wherein the upper layer constructs an objective function with the objective of minimizing the sum of the energy storage device investment cost, the equipment replacement cost, and the microgrid's total life cycle operating cost, and the lower layer constructs an objective function with the objective of minimizing the microgrid's total life cycle operating cost; combining the reversible solid oxide battery multi-state transition operation model, setting constraints on the upper-layer objective function and the lower-layer objective function; solving the upper-layer objective function and the lower-layer objective function under the constraints to obtain a capacity planning scheme for the reversible solid oxide battery, hydrogen storage device, and thermal storage device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method, system, equipment, and medium for capacity planning of microgrid energy storage devices, belonging to the field of microgrid planning technology. Background Technology

[0002] In the energy sector, there has long been a need for synergistic optimization among different energy forms. Almost every energy source requires the conversion and coordination of multiple energy sources to achieve efficient utilization. During the planning, design, construction, and operation phases of an energy system, overall complementarity, coordination, and optimization of different energy supply and consumption systems can achieve cascaded utilization and synergistic optimization of energy. However, the conversion of most energy sources requires the cooperation of multiple devices, resulting in high configuration costs and land requirements. Furthermore, issues such as information and energy transfer lags exist between devices, significantly impacting the economy and flexibility of energy interaction.

[0003] Reversible solid oxide batteries (RSOCs) integrate solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolyzers, combining electrolysis and power generation functions. They enable co-electrolysis, co-power generation, and integrated forward and reverse modes, facilitating flexible conversion between electricity and hydrogen energy. This technology is considered to have excellent development prospects. Furthermore, RSOCs operate at temperatures between 600-1000℃, and by recovering and utilizing residual heat, thermoelectric coupling can be effectively achieved. However, current research on the thermal energy applications of RSOCs, both domestically and internationally, is still relatively lacking.

[0004] As a hub for converting different energy flows, the operating mode of the RSOC (Resource-Controlled Ore Center) significantly impacts the flexibility of the entire system's scheduling. Current research primarily considers the states of the RSOC's fuel cells and electrolyzers, while real-world scenarios also include non-operating states. Therefore, considering the multi-state transitions of RSOC equipment under different operating scenarios can make the simulation of the entire system more realistic and improve the system's operational economy. From an energy system perspective, establishing a novel microgrid integrating electricity, heat, and hydrogen using the RSOC as an energy collection point, and rationally planning the capacity of key equipment and formulating efficient and optimized scheduling strategies, can balance the sustainability and economy of microgrid development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a method, system, equipment, and medium for capacity planning of microgrid energy storage devices.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] On one hand, the present invention provides a method for capacity planning of microgrid energy storage devices, comprising the following steps:

[0008] A multi-state transition operation model for reversible solid oxide batteries is established, wherein the multi-state operation includes the reversible solid oxide battery being in power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state;

[0009] A two-layer planning model for energy storage equipment capacity is constructed. The upper layer aims to minimize the sum of the investment cost of energy storage equipment, the equipment replacement cost, and the total life cycle operating cost of the microgrid. The lower layer aims to minimize the total life cycle operating cost of the microgrid. The investment cost of energy storage equipment includes the initial investment cost of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. The total life cycle operating cost of the microgrid is the sum of the equipment maintenance cost, operating cost, and penalty cost within the microgrid, minus the revenue from energy sales from the microgrid.

[0010] Based on the multi-state transition operation model of reversible solid oxide batteries, constraints are set for the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function.

[0011] Solve the upper-level and lower-level objective functions under constraints to obtain capacity planning schemes for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the multi-state transition operation model of the reversible solid oxide battery is expressed by the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] in, These represent the reversible solid oxide battery in the power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state at time t, respectively. These represent the following actions of the reversible solid oxide battery unit: power generation thermal start-up, electrolysis thermal start-up, power generation cold start-up, electrolysis cold start-up, power generation shutdown, and electrolysis shutdown, respectively. UTr and DTr represent the shortest start-up and shutdown times of the reversible solid oxide battery unit, respectively.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the investment cost of the energy storage device is expressed by the formula:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, C Inv For the investment cost of energy storage equipment; N RSOC N H and N T These represent the planned capacities of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices, respectively. and These represent the unit investment cost for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices, respectively.

[0018] The equipment replacement cost is expressed by the formula:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, C Rep Indicates the cost of equipment replacement; and χ represents the unit replacement cost of the reversible solid oxide battery, hydrogen storage device, and thermal storage device, respectively. χ values ​​include RSOC, H, and T, representing the reversible solid oxide battery, hydrogen storage device, and thermal storage device, respectively. MG Indicates the planned lifespan of the microgrid throughout its entire lifecycle; L χ This refers to the expected service life of the corresponding category of equipment.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the operating cost of the microgrid throughout its entire life cycle includes the reversible solid oxide battery start-up and shutdown cost, hydrogen purchase cost, gas turbine fuel cost, and gas turbine start-up and shutdown cost; the penalty cost includes wind and solar curtailment penalty cost, load shedding penalty cost, and hydrogen purchase cost.

[0022] The total lifecycle operating cost of the microgrid is expressed by the formula:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, C run This represents the total lifecycle operating cost of a microgrid. This represents the equipment maintenance cost at time t in year L; This represents the equipment operating cost at time t in year L; This represents the penalty cost at time t in year L; This represents the microgrid energy sales revenue at time t in year L; χ represents the unit price of equipment operation and maintenance. The values ​​of χ include RSOC, H, and T, which represent reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. Let x be the output power of the device at time t in year L; c de PG is the fuel cost coefficient per unit power output of the gas turbine. t,L Let u be the output power of the gas turbine at time t in year L; t,L and v t,L These are the gas turbine start / stop action flags for time t in year L, and u. t,L A value of 1 indicates that the generator has started and entered the working state. t,L A value of 1 indicates that the generator has switched from the working state to the stopped state; a value of 0 indicates the generator in all other states. These refer to the following actions at time t: reversible solid oxide battery power generation thermal start-up, electrolysis thermal start-up, power generation cold start-up, and electrolysis cold start-up; c G,uv The unit cost of gas turbine start-up and shutdown operations; c RSOC,uv1 c RSOC,uv2 These represent the unit costs of RSOC hot start and cold start, respectively; ε new ε pe ε tem and ε hy These are the penalty factors for wind and solar power curtailment, power load shedding, heat load shedding, and hydrogen purchase; and These represent the curtailed wind and solar power, power load, heat load, and hydrogen purchases at time t in year L, respectively; l,pe c l,hy c l,tem and c ox These are the prices for selling electricity, hydrogen, heat, and oxygen, respectively. and These represent the electricity sales, heat sales, and oxygen sales at time t in year L.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the constraints set on the upper-level objective function include capacity constraints for reversible solid oxide batteries, capacity constraints for hydrogen storage devices, and capacity constraints for thermal storage devices; expressed by the formula:

[0026] Nχ min ≤N χ ≤Nχ max ;

[0027]

[0028] Where, N χ The χ value represents the equipment capacity, including RSOC, H, and T, and characterizes reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices; Nχ min and Nχ max These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the planned capacity of the equipment, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the programmable equipment in SOFC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the programmable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and This indicates that the values ​​of γ, including pe, H, and T, correspond to the values ​​of χ, representing the output of electricity, hydrogen, and heat, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the planarable equipment in SOEC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the planarable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and express.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, the constraints set for the lower-level objective function include upper and lower limit constraints on the output of hydrogen storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of thermal storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of reversible solid oxide batteries, ramp-up constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, start-stop constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, constraints on the correspondence between the output of reversible solid oxide batteries and the hydrogen / thermal storage / release rates of hydrogen storage / thermal equipment, constraints on the electrothermal hydrogen energy balance, ramp-up constraints on gas turbines, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of gas turbines, and start-stop constraints on gas turbines, wherein:

[0030] The upper and lower limits of output for the hydrogen storage equipment and the upper and lower limits of output for the thermal storage equipment are expressed by the following formulas:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] in, These represent the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage rate of the hydrogen storage device, the thermal storage power of the thermal storage device, and the heat release power of the thermal storage device at time t in year L, respectively.

[0034] The constraints on the upper and lower limits of the reversible solid oxide battery output, the ramp-up constraint of the reversible solid oxide battery, the correspondence between the output rate of the reversible solid oxide battery and the hydrogen storage / heat release rate of the hydrogen storage / heat equipment, are expressed by the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] in, These represent the reversible solid oxide battery being in the power generation state and the electrolysis state at time t in year L, respectively. These are the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in fuel cell mode; These represent the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in electrolytic cell mode. These represent the power generation, heat generation, and hydrogen consumption rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in fuel cell mode at time t in year L. These represent the power consumption, heat consumption, and hydrogen production rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in electrolysis mode at time t in year L; hv The high calorific value of hydrogen; The electrical efficiency is shown in fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively. The thermal efficiencies are for fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively.

[0037] The electrothermal hydrogen energy balance constraint is expressed by the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] in, This represents the photovoltaic power output and wind power output at time t in year L; The electrical load required at time t in year L; These represent the energy storage status of the thermal storage device and the hydrogen storage device at time t in year L; η H,ch η H,di These represent the hydrogen storage and hydrogen release efficiencies of the hydrogen storage equipment, respectively; η T,ch η T,di These refer to the heat storage and heat release efficiencies of the thermal storage equipment, respectively.

[0040] The gas turbine ramping constraint, gas turbine output upper and lower limit constraint, and gas turbine start-stop constraint are expressed by the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, PG max and PG min These represent the highest and lowest output per unit time of the diesel generator set, respectively, and are related to the unit's capacity; M u and M d These represent the shortest operating time and the shortest downtime of the diesel generator set, respectively. It is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the unit is in the start-up state during the time period t; This indicates the start-up and shutdown status of the unit at time t in year L; r d and r u These represent the maximum rate of increase and the maximum rate of decrease of the unit's output per unit time, respectively.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the steps of solving the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints are specifically performed using the CPLEX solver.

[0044] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a microgrid energy storage device capacity planning system, comprising:

[0045] The reversible solid oxide battery operation model construction module is used to establish a multi-state transition operation model for reversible solid oxide batteries. The multi-state operation includes the reversible solid oxide battery being in power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state.

[0046] The capacity planning model construction module is used to construct a two-layer planning model for energy storage equipment capacity. The upper layer constructs an objective function with the goal of minimizing the sum of energy storage equipment investment cost, equipment replacement cost, and microgrid life cycle operating cost. The lower layer constructs an objective function with the goal of minimizing the microgrid life cycle operating cost. The energy storage equipment investment cost includes the initial investment cost of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. The microgrid life cycle operating cost is the sum of equipment maintenance cost, operating cost, and penalty cost within the microgrid, minus the microgrid energy sales revenue.

[0047] The constraint setting module is used to set constraints on the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function in conjunction with the multi-state transition operation model of reversible solid oxide battery;

[0048] The planning module is used to solve the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints to obtain capacity planning schemes for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices.

[0049] In another aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] This invention establishes a multi-state transition operation model for reversible solid oxide batteries, considering the power generation, electrolysis, thermal standby, and shutdown states of the reversible solid oxide batteries. It fully considers the thermal effects of reversible solid oxide batteries in fuel cell mode and constructs a bi-level planning model for the capacity of an integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy storage device. By combining the multi-state transition operation model of the reversible solid oxide batteries and the bi-level planning model for the capacity of the energy storage device, constraints are set, and the planned capacity of the energy storage device is solved. The calculated planned capacity of the energy storage device can reduce the investment cost of the system and improve the energy efficiency and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] It should be understood that the step numbers used in the text are for ease of description only and are not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed.

[0056] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0057] The terms “comprising” and “including” indicate the presence of the described feature, whole, step, operation, element and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0058] The term “and / or” refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0059] Example 1:

[0060] See Figure 1 A method for capacity planning of microgrid energy storage devices is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S100. Establish a multi-state transition operation model for reversible solid oxide batteries, wherein multi-state operation includes the reversible solid oxide battery being in power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state.

[0062] S200. Construct a two-layer planning model for energy storage equipment capacity. The upper layer aims to minimize the sum of energy storage equipment investment cost, equipment replacement cost, and microgrid lifecycle operation cost. The lower layer aims to minimize the microgrid lifecycle operation cost. The energy storage equipment investment cost includes the initial investment cost of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. The microgrid lifecycle operation cost is the sum of equipment maintenance cost, operating cost, and penalty cost within the microgrid, minus the microgrid energy sales revenue.

[0063] S300, combined with the multi-state transition operation model of reversible solid oxide battery, sets constraints on the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function;

[0064] S400: Solve the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints to obtain the capacity planning scheme for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the multi-state transition operation model of the reversible solid oxide battery is expressed by the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] in, These represent the reversible solid oxide battery in the power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state at time t, respectively. These represent the following actions of the reversible solid oxide battery unit: power generation thermal start-up, electrolysis thermal start-up, power generation cold start-up, electrolysis cold start-up, power generation shutdown, and electrolysis shutdown, respectively. UTr and DTr represent the shortest start-up and shutdown times of the reversible solid oxide battery unit, respectively.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the investment cost of the energy storage device is expressed by the formula:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, C Inv For the investment cost of energy storage equipment; N RSOC N H and N T These represent the planned capacities of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices, respectively. and These represent the unit investment cost for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices, respectively.

[0071] The equipment replacement cost is expressed by the formula:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, C Rep Indicates the cost of equipment replacement; and χ represents the unit replacement cost of the reversible solid oxide battery, hydrogen storage device, and thermal storage device, respectively. χ values ​​include RSOC, H, and T, representing the reversible solid oxide battery, hydrogen storage device, and thermal storage device, respectively. MG Indicates the planned lifespan of the microgrid throughout its entire lifecycle; L χ This refers to the expected service life of the corresponding category of equipment.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the operating cost of the microgrid throughout its entire lifecycle includes the reversible solid oxide battery start-up and shutdown cost, hydrogen purchase cost, gas turbine fuel cost, and gas turbine start-up and shutdown cost; the penalty cost includes wind and solar curtailment penalty cost, load shedding penalty cost, and hydrogen purchase cost.

[0075] The total lifecycle operating cost of the microgrid is expressed by the formula:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, C run This represents the total lifecycle operating cost of a microgrid. This represents the equipment maintenance cost at time t in year L; This represents the equipment operating cost at time t in year L; Represents the penalty cost at time t in year L; This represents the microgrid energy sales revenue at time t in year L; χ represents the unit price of equipment operation and maintenance. The values ​​of χ include RSOC, H, and T, which represent reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. Let x be the output power of the device at time t in year L; c de PG is the fuel cost coefficient per unit power output of the gas turbine. t,L Let u be the output power of the gas turbine at time t in year L; t,L and v t,L These are the gas turbine start / stop action flags for time t in year L, and u. t,L A value of 1 indicates that the generator has started and entered the working state. t,L A value of 1 indicates that the generator has switched from the working state to the stopped state; a value of 0 indicates the generator in all other states. These refer to the following actions at time t: reversible solid oxide battery power generation thermal start-up, electrolysis thermal start-up, power generation cold start-up, and electrolysis cold start-up; c G,uv The unit cost of gas turbine start-up and shutdown operations; c RSOC,uv1 c RSOC,uv2 These represent the unit costs of RSOC hot start and cold start, respectively; ε new ε pe ε tem and ε hy These are the penalty factors for wind and solar power curtailment, power load shedding, heat load shedding, and hydrogen purchase; and These represent the curtailed wind and solar power, power load, heat load, and hydrogen purchases at time t in year L, respectively; l,pe c l,hy c l,tem and c oxThese are the prices for selling electricity, hydrogen, heat, and oxygen, respectively. and These represent the electricity sales, heat sales, and oxygen sales at time t in year L.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the constraints set on the upper-level objective function include capacity constraints for reversible solid oxide batteries, capacity constraints for hydrogen storage devices, and capacity constraints for thermal storage devices; expressed as a formula:

[0079] Nχ min ≤N χ ≤Nχ max ;

[0080]

[0081] Where, N χ The χ value represents the equipment capacity, including RSOC, H, and T, and characterizes reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices; Nχ min and Nχ max These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the planned capacity of the equipment, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the programmable equipment in SOFC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the programmable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and This indicates that the values ​​of γ, including pe, H, and T, correspond to the values ​​of χ, representing the output of electricity, hydrogen, and heat, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the planarable equipment in SOEC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the planarable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and express.

[0082] As a preferred embodiment of this example, the constraints set on the lower-level objective function include upper and lower limit constraints on the output of hydrogen storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of thermal storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of reversible solid oxide batteries, ramping constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, start-stop constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, constraints on the correspondence between the output of reversible solid oxide batteries and the hydrogen / thermal storage / release rates of hydrogen storage / thermal equipment, constraints on the electrothermal hydrogen energy balance, ramping constraints on gas turbines, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of gas turbines, and start-stop constraints on gas turbines, wherein:

[0083] The upper and lower limits of output for the hydrogen storage equipment and the upper and lower limits of output for the thermal storage equipment are expressed by the following formulas:

[0084]

[0085] in, These represent the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage rate of the hydrogen storage device, the thermal storage power of the thermal storage device, and the heat release power of the thermal storage device at time t in year L, respectively.

[0086] The constraints on the upper and lower limits of the reversible solid oxide battery output, the ramp-up constraint of the reversible solid oxide battery, the correspondence between the output rate of the reversible solid oxide battery and the hydrogen storage / heat release rate of the hydrogen storage / heat equipment, are expressed by the following formula:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] in, These represent the reversible solid oxide battery being in the power generation state and the electrolysis state at time t in year L, respectively. These are the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in fuel cell mode; These represent the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in electrolytic cell mode. These represent the power generation, heat generation, and hydrogen consumption rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in fuel cell mode at time t in year L. These represent the power consumption, heat consumption, and hydrogen production rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in electrolysis mode at time t in year L; hv The high calorific value of hydrogen; The electrical efficiency is shown in fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively. The thermal efficiencies are for fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively.

[0090] The electrothermal hydrogen energy balance constraint is expressed by the following formula:

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] in, This represents the photovoltaic power output and wind power output at time t in year L; The electrical load required at time t in year L; These represent the energy storage status of the thermal storage device and the hydrogen storage device at time t in year L; η H,ch η H,di These represent the hydrogen storage and hydrogen release efficiencies of the hydrogen storage equipment, respectively; η T,ch η T,di These refer to the heat storage and heat release efficiencies of the thermal storage equipment, respectively.

[0094] The gas turbine ramping constraint, gas turbine output upper and lower limit constraint, and gas turbine start-stop constraint are expressed by the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, PG max and PG min These represent the highest and lowest output per unit time of the diesel generator set, respectively, and are related to the unit's capacity; M u and M d These represent the shortest operating time and the shortest downtime of the diesel generator set, respectively. It is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the unit is in the start-up state during the time period t; This indicates the start-up and shutdown status of the unit at time t in year L; r d and r u These represent the maximum rate of increase and the maximum rate of decrease of the unit's output per unit time, respectively.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the steps of solving the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints are specifically performed using the CPLEX solver.

[0098] The following example, using a specific island, verifies the effectiveness of the microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method proposed in this embodiment:

[0099] First, obtain the basic parameters of the equipment required for the construction of the target island, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0100] Table 1 Relevant Equipment Parameters

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] The energy storage capacity planning results calculated according to steps S100 to S400 are as follows: 463.7kW of reversible solid oxide batteries, 47903kWh of hydrogen storage equipment, and 16947.7kWh of thermal storage equipment are required.

[0104] The optimal scheduling scheme for a typical day is calculated based on the configured energy storage capacity. The planning method considering the four operating modes of reversible solid oxide batteries (fuel cell mode, electrolyzer mode, shutdown mode, and hot standby mode) is compared with the planning method considering only three operating modes (fuel cell mode, electrolyzer mode, and shutdown mode). The comparison results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below:

[0105] Table 2 Comparison of RSOC's Four-State Operation Modes and Three-State Operation Mode Planning Schemes

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] Table 3. Comparison of Economic Situation of RSOC Four-State Operation Modes and Three-State Operation Modes (Unit: Yuan)

[0109]

[0110] As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the total cost of operating the reversible solid oxide battery (RSOC) in four states is lower than that in three states. Analysis of the operating load and cost structure reveals that adding a hot standby state is the main reason for the reduced cost of microgrid systems containing RSOCs. This is because in hot standby mode, only a small cost is incurred to maintain the internal pressure and temperature of the RSOC stack, avoiding high cold-start costs and reducing the start-up and shutdown costs of the RSOC to 41% of the original cost. Furthermore, the four operating states of the RSOC effectively improve system flexibility, eliminating wind and solar power curtailment and improving the efficiency of clean energy utilization. When the RSOC operates in three states, frequent cold starts affect equipment lifespan and increase corresponding maintenance costs. The energy sales revenue is higher in the four operating states compared to the three-state operation. Therefore, in terms of overall microgrid benefits, reversible solid oxide batteries have a greater advantage in operating in all four states. This also proves that the capacity planning method for reversible solid oxide batteries that considers multiple operating states can increase scheduling flexibility, reduce system operating costs, improve the economic benefits of microgrids, and promote the sustainable development of microgrids.

[0111] Example 2:

[0112] This embodiment provides a microgrid energy storage device capacity planning system, including:

[0113] The reversible solid oxide battery operation model construction module is used to establish a multi-state transition operation model for the reversible solid oxide battery. The multi-state operation includes the reversible solid oxide battery being in power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state. This module is used to implement the function of step S100 in Example 1, which will not be described again here.

[0114] The capacity planning model construction module is used to construct a two-layer planning model for energy storage equipment capacity. The upper layer constructs an objective function with the goal of minimizing the sum of energy storage equipment investment cost, equipment replacement cost, and microgrid life-cycle operating cost. The lower layer constructs an objective function with the goal of minimizing the microgrid life-cycle operating cost. The energy storage equipment investment cost includes the initial investment cost of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. The microgrid life-cycle operating cost is the sum of equipment maintenance cost, operating cost, and penalty cost within the microgrid, minus the microgrid energy sales revenue. This module is used to implement the function of step S200 in Example 1, which will not be elaborated here.

[0115] The constraint setting module is used to set constraint conditions for the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function in conjunction with the multi-state transition operation model of the reversible solid oxide battery; this module is used to implement the function of step S300 in Example 1, and will not be described in detail here.

[0116] The planning module is used to solve the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints to obtain the capacity planning scheme of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices. This module is used to implement the function of step S400 in Example 1, which will not be described again here.

[0117] Example 3:

[0118] This embodiment proposes an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements a microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0119] Example 4:

[0120] This embodiment proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0121] In this application embodiment, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the existence of A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of electronic hardware and software. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] In the several embodiments provided in this application, any function, if implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0125] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for capacity planning of microgrid energy storage devices, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A multi-state transition operation model for reversible solid oxide batteries is established, wherein the multi-state operation includes the reversible solid oxide battery being in power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state; A two-layer planning model for energy storage equipment capacity is constructed. The upper layer aims to minimize the sum of the investment cost of energy storage equipment, the equipment replacement cost, and the total life cycle operating cost of the microgrid. The lower layer aims to minimize the total life cycle operating cost of the microgrid. The investment cost of energy storage equipment includes the initial investment cost of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. The total life cycle operating cost of the microgrid is the sum of the equipment maintenance cost, operating cost, and penalty cost within the microgrid, minus the revenue from energy sales from the microgrid. Based on the multi-state transition operation model of reversible solid oxide batteries, constraints are set for the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function. Solve the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints to obtain capacity planning schemes for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices; The constraints set on the upper-level objective function include capacity constraints for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices; expressed as follows: ； ； ； in, Indicates equipment capacity. The values ​​include RSOC, H, and T, which characterize reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the planned capacity of the equipment, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the programmable equipment in SOFC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the programmable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and It means that, among them The values ​​include pe, H, and T, which are respectively related to The values ​​corresponding to these values ​​represent the output of electricity, hydrogen, and heat; and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the planarable equipment in SOEC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the planarable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and express; The constraints set for the lower-level objective function include: upper and lower limit constraints on the output of hydrogen storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of thermal storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of reversible solid oxide batteries, ramp-up constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, start-up and shutdown constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, constraints on the correspondence between the output of reversible solid oxide batteries and the hydrogen / thermal storage / release rates of hydrogen storage / thermal equipment, constraints on the electrothermal hydrogen energy balance, ramp-up constraints on gas turbines, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of gas turbines, and start-up and shutdown constraints on gas turbines. The upper and lower limits of output for the hydrogen storage equipment and the upper and lower limits of output for the thermal storage equipment are expressed by the following formulas: ； ； in, , , , These represent the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage rate of the hydrogen storage device, the thermal storage power of the thermal storage device, and the heat release power of the thermal storage device at time t in year L, respectively. The constraints on the upper and lower limits of the reversible solid oxide battery output, the ramp-up constraint of the reversible solid oxide battery, the correspondence between the output rate of the reversible solid oxide battery and the hydrogen storage / heat release rate of the hydrogen storage / heat equipment, are expressed by the following formula: ； ； ； ； in, , These represent the reversible solid oxide battery being in the power generation state and the electrolysis state at time t in year L, respectively. , These are the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in fuel cell mode; , These represent the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in electrolytic cell mode. , , These represent the power generation, heat generation, and hydrogen consumption rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in fuel cell mode at time t in year L. , , These represent the power consumption, heat consumption, and hydrogen production rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in electrolysis mode at time t in year L. The high calorific value of hydrogen; , The electrical efficiency is shown in fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively. , The thermal efficiencies are for fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively. The electrothermal hydrogen energy balance constraint is expressed by the following formula: ； ； ； in, , This represents the photovoltaic power output and wind power output at time t in year L; The electrical load required at time t in year L; , The energy storage status of the thermal storage device and the hydrogen storage device at time t in year L are respectively; , These refer to the hydrogen storage and hydrogen release efficiencies of hydrogen storage equipment, respectively. , These refer to the heat storage and heat release efficiencies of the thermal storage equipment, respectively. The gas turbine ramping constraint, gas turbine output upper and lower limit constraint, and gas turbine start-stop constraint are expressed by the following formula: ； ； ； in, and These represent the highest and lowest output of the diesel generator set per unit time, respectively, and are related to the capacity of the unit. and These represent the shortest operating time and shortest downtime of the diesel generator set, respectively. It is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the unit is in the start-up state during the time period t; This indicates the start-up and shutdown status of the unit at time t in year L; and These represent the maximum rate of increase and the maximum rate of decrease of the unit's output per unit time, respectively.

2. The microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-state transition operation model of the reversible solid oxide battery is expressed by the following formula: ； ； ； ； ； ； ； in, , , , These represent the reversible solid oxide battery in the power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state at time t, respectively. , , , , , These respectively represent the following actions of the reversible solid oxide battery unit: power generation hot start-up, electrolysis hot start-up, power generation cold start-up, electrolysis cold start-up, power generation shutdown, and electrolysis shutdown. , These represent the shortest start-up and shutdown times for the reversible solid oxide battery unit, respectively.

3. The microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The investment cost of the energy storage equipment is expressed by the formula: ； in, Investment cost for energy storage equipment; , and These represent the planned capacities of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices, respectively. , and These represent the unit investment cost for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices, respectively. The equipment replacement cost is expressed by the formula: ； ； in, Indicates the cost of equipment replacement; , and These represent the unit replacement cost of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices, respectively. The values ​​include RSOC, H, and T, which characterize reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices. This indicates the planned lifespan of the microgrid throughout its entire lifecycle. This refers to the expected service life of the corresponding category of equipment.

4. The microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating cost of the microgrid throughout its entire life cycle includes the start-up and shutdown cost of the reversible solid oxide battery, the cost of purchasing hydrogen, the fuel cost of the gas turbine, and the start-up and shutdown cost of the gas turbine; the penalty cost includes the cost of curtailing wind and solar power, the cost of load shedding, and the cost of purchasing hydrogen. The total lifecycle operating cost of the microgrid is expressed by the formula: ； in, This represents the total lifecycle operating cost of a microgrid. This represents the equipment maintenance cost at time t in year L; This represents the equipment operating cost at time t in year L; This represents the penalty cost at time t in year L; This represents the microgrid energy sales revenue at time t in year L; This indicates the unit price for equipment operation and maintenance. The values ​​include RSOC, H, and T, which characterize reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices. For L-year t time device ; output power; This is the fuel cost coefficient per unit power output of the gas turbine; Let L be the output power of the gas turbine at time t in year L; and L years respectively The gas turbine start / stop action flag is constantly on. A value of 1 indicates that the generator has started and entered the working state. A value of 1 indicates that the generator has switched from the working state to the stopped state; a value of 0 indicates the generator in all other states. , , , These are the reversible solid oxide battery power generation thermal start-up action, electrolysis thermal start-up action, power generation cold start-up action, and electrolysis cold start-up action at time L years t. The unit cost of gas turbine start-up and shutdown operations; , These are the unit costs for RSOC hot start and cold start, respectively; , , and These are the penalty factors for wind and solar power curtailment, power load shedding, heat load shedding, and hydrogen purchase; , , and These represent the curtailed wind and solar power, power load, heat load, and hydrogen purchases at time t in year L, respectively. , , and These are the prices for electricity, hydrogen, heat, and oxygen sales, respectively. , and These represent the electricity sales, heat sales, and oxygen sales at time t in year L.

5. The microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of solving the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints, the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function are specifically solved using the CPLEX solver.

6. A microgrid energy storage device capacity planning system, characterized in that, include: The reversible solid oxide battery operation model construction module is used to establish a multi-state transition operation model for reversible solid oxide batteries. The multi-state operation includes the reversible solid oxide battery being in power generation state, electrolysis state, thermal standby state, and shutdown state. The capacity planning model construction module is used to construct a two-layer planning model for energy storage equipment capacity. The upper layer constructs an objective function with the goal of minimizing the sum of energy storage equipment investment cost, equipment replacement cost, and microgrid life cycle operating cost. The lower layer constructs an objective function with the goal of minimizing the microgrid life cycle operating cost. The energy storage equipment investment cost includes the initial investment cost of reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage equipment, and thermal storage equipment. The microgrid life cycle operating cost is the sum of equipment maintenance cost, operating cost, and penalty cost within the microgrid, minus the microgrid energy sales revenue. The constraint setting module is used to set constraints on the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function in conjunction with the multi-state transition operation model of reversible solid oxide battery; The planning module is used to solve the upper-level objective function and the lower-level objective function under constraints to obtain capacity planning schemes for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices. The constraints set on the upper-level objective function include capacity constraints for reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices; expressed as follows: ； ； ； in, Indicates equipment capacity. The values ​​include RSOC, H, and T, which characterize reversible solid oxide batteries, hydrogen storage devices, and thermal storage devices. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the planned capacity of the equipment, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the programmable equipment in SOFC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the programmable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and It means that, among them The values ​​include pe, H, and T, which are respectively related to The values ​​corresponding to these values ​​represent the output of electricity, hydrogen, and heat; and These represent the upper and lower boundaries of the output of the planarable equipment in SOEC mode, respectively. They are related to the capacity of the planarable equipment, and the correlation coefficient is determined by... and express; The constraints set for the lower-level objective function include: upper and lower limit constraints on the output of hydrogen storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of thermal storage equipment, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of reversible solid oxide batteries, ramp-up constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, start-up and shutdown constraints on reversible solid oxide batteries, constraints on the correspondence between the output of reversible solid oxide batteries and the hydrogen / thermal storage / release rates of hydrogen storage / thermal equipment, constraints on the electrothermal hydrogen energy balance, ramp-up constraints on gas turbines, upper and lower limit constraints on the output of gas turbines, and start-up and shutdown constraints on gas turbines. The upper and lower limits of output for the hydrogen storage equipment and the upper and lower limits of output for the thermal storage equipment are expressed by the following formulas: ； ； in, , , , These represent the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage rate of the hydrogen storage device, the thermal storage power of the thermal storage device, and the heat release power of the thermal storage device at time t in year L, respectively. The constraints on the upper and lower limits of the reversible solid oxide battery output, the ramp-up constraint of the reversible solid oxide battery, the correspondence between the output rate of the reversible solid oxide battery and the hydrogen storage / heat release rate of the hydrogen storage / heat equipment, are expressed by the following formula: ； ； ； ； in, , These represent the reversible solid oxide battery being in the power generation state and the electrolysis state at time t in year L, respectively. , These are the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in fuel cell mode; , These represent the upper and lower limits of ramp power for reversible solid oxide batteries operating in electrolytic cell mode. , , These represent the power generation, heat generation, and hydrogen consumption rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in fuel cell mode at time t in year L. , , These represent the power consumption, heat consumption, and hydrogen production rate of the reversible solid oxide battery operating in electrolysis mode at time t in year L. The high calorific value of hydrogen; , The electrical efficiency is shown in fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively. , The thermal efficiencies are for fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, respectively. The electrothermal hydrogen energy balance constraint is expressed by the following formula: ； ； ； in, , This represents the photovoltaic power output and wind power output at time t in year L; The electrical load required at time t in year L; , The energy storage status of the thermal storage device and the hydrogen storage device at time t in year L are respectively; , These refer to the hydrogen storage and hydrogen release efficiencies of hydrogen storage equipment, respectively. , These refer to the heat storage and heat release efficiencies of the thermal storage equipment, respectively. The gas turbine ramping constraint, gas turbine output upper and lower limit constraint, and gas turbine start-stop constraint are expressed by the following formula: ； ； ； in, and These represent the highest and lowest output of the diesel generator set per unit time, respectively, and are related to the capacity of the unit. and These represent the shortest operating time and shortest downtime of the diesel generator set, respectively. It is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the unit is in the start-up state during the time period t; This indicates the start-up and shutdown status of the unit at time t in year L; and These represent the maximum rate of increase and the maximum rate of decrease of the unit's output per unit time, respectively.

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the microgrid energy storage device capacity planning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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